The Sovereignty of the Sea / An Historical Account of the Claims of England to the Dominion of the British Seas, and of the Evolution of the Territorial Waters

by Thomas Wemyss Fulton

INDEX.

• Aberdeen, [84], [215], [227], [298], [407]
• Abreu y Bertodano on territorial sea, [559]
• Admiral, office of, [30], [31], [32], [41], [51], [52], [53], [54], [266], [329], [363], [364] n.
• Admiralty, [18], [31], [248], [249], [260], [261], [262], [263], [266], [277], [280], [286], [288], [293], [318], [328], [520]
• Admiralty and “striking,” [277], [278], [380-383], [438], [455], [456], [472]
• Admiralty, High Court of, [54], [120], [122], [124], [243], [244] n., [251], [285], [358], [363], [369], [391], [465] n.;
• and striking, [513];
• decisions as to neutral waters, [553];
• decisions as to three-mile limit, [576], [577]
• Admiralty jurisdiction, origin of, [6], [17], [30], [32]
• Admiralty, on extent of British Seas, [20], [438]
• Adriatic, [52] n.;
• sovereignty of, [3], [4], [8], [16], [33], [107], [111], [339], [341], [350], [357], [361], [371], [539];
• fisheries of, [659]
• Aerssen, François van, Dutch ambassador, [200], [336]
• Africaine, case of, [641] n.
• Agincourt, [8], [35]
• Agnes G. Donohoe, case of, [663]
• Albemarle, Duke of. See Monk.
• Albertsz, Jan, Captain, [171], [173], [174]
• Alderney, [103]
• Alexander, Sir William, Secretary for Scotland, [219], [220], [225] n., [227], [232]
• Alfred, King, [26]
• Algarve, fishery treaty with, [67]
• Algeria, [527];
• territorial sea, [657]
• Allin, Sir Thomas, [468], [471], [477]
• Alverstone, Lord, [692]
• Alward, G. L., [711] n., [739] n.
• Amboyna, [430]
• America, British North, fishery disputes with United States, [580];
• fishery limit, [650];
• ten-mile limit for bays, [626], [627], [628], [629];
• six-mile limit for bays, [627], [629], [630];
• fishery rights, [531], [532], [731], [731] n.;
• Hague Tribunal on, [732] n.;
• Mixed Commission to delimit bays, [628];
• modus vivendi with United States, [626], [628], [629];
• treaties regarding fisheries, See Treaties.
• America, fisheries claimed for crown, [235]
• Amsterdam, [73], [132], [181], [183], [282], [368]
• Amsterdam Island, [194] n.
• Ancient Britons and maritime dominion, [25], [26]
• Angelus, [351]
• Angevins, [8], [26], [29], [65], [207]
• Anglo-Saxons, [26], [27], [28], [541], [542]
• Anna, case of, [579], [641] n.
• Annapolis, case of, [586] n.
• Anne of Austria, [117]
• Anne, Queen, [161], [354], [520], [523]
• Anstruther Easter, [165], [175] n.
• Antwerp, [49], [73], [148];
• treaty of, [148], [344], [350]
• Appropriation of sea. See Sea.
• Aquitaine, [19], [213];
• fisheries at, [67]
• Archer, Walter E., [736] n.
• Argentine Republic, claim to great bays, [661];
• claim to wide limit of exclusive fishery, [661], [662]
• Argyle, Earl of, [153] n.
• Arlington, Lord, [469], [483], [490], [497], [502]
• Armed Neutrality, [522], [563], [571], [572]
• Arundel, Earl of, [227], [239] n., [241], [314], [316], [477]
• Aschehoug, on territorial sea, [686], [688]
• Assize-herring, [82], [124], [138], [144], [152-154], [163-171], [180], [194-196], [203], [293], [346], [347], [352], [355];
• proposal to levy from foreign fishermen, [124], [167];
• demanded from Dutch, [180];
• how to be levied from Dutch, [195], [196], [757];
• paid by Dutch fishermen, [169];
• value of, [195]
• Auber, on territorial sea, [691]
• Australia, pearl fisheries, [697]
• Austria-Hungary, territorial sea, [572], [658];
• Customs jurisdiction, [594], [659];
• reciprocal rights of fishery with Italy, [659]
• Ayrshire, fishermen of, [83]
• Azores, [106]
• Azuni, on territorial sea, [564], [565];
• on range of vision, [546]
• Bacon, Lord, [73], [163] n., [189], [223]
• Bagg, Sir James, [280]
• Baldus, on territorial limit, [351], [360], [539], [540], [541]
• Balfour of Burleigh, Lord, [730]
• Ballantrae Bank herring fishery, [238]
• Balmerino, Lord, [187]
• Baltic, [61], [409], [432], [434];
• as closed sea, [572] n.;
• sovereignty over, [4], [33], [108], [350], [371], [377], [550], [552], [555];
• territorial limits in, [655]
• Baltimore, [247]
• Barbary, [327]
• Barclay, Sir Thomas, [689] n., [690]
• Barebones Parliament, [428];
• on sovereignty of sea, [13], [413]
• Barents Sea, foreign trawlers in, [713]
• Barking, [699]
• Barneveldt, Elias van Olden, [155], [157] n.
• Barneveldt, J. van Olden, [152], [159], [162], [170], [173], [191]
• Barrère, on the freedom of the sea, [595]
• Barrett, Frank, [738] n.
• Bartolus, on territorial limit, [351], [539], [541]
• Bates, Joshua, on bay of Fundy, [625]
• Batten, Sir William, [380], [382], [448], [456]
• Battle of the Downs, [330]
• Baty, Dr Thomas, Hon. Secretary, International Law Association, [673] n.
• Bays. See Territorial Sea.
• Bayonne, [52] n.
• Beaufort, de, Duke, Admiral of France, [463], [472]
• Beaufort, Henry, [56] n.
• Beaufort, Sir Thomas, [40]
• Behring Sea, fishery disputes, negotiations with Russia, [581-585];
• Russian ukase fixing 100-mile limit, [541];
• gunshot limit accepted by Russia, [582], [585];
• three-mile limit adopted by Russia, [585];
• United States on Russian claim, [584];
• Tribunal of Arbitration, [663], [664], [695], [695] n., [732];
• Japanese sealers in, [696] n.;
• whaling in, [585]
• Belgium, complaints against fishermen of, [615], [616];
• territorial sea, [658]
• Bell Rock, territoriality of, [642]
• Bengal, Bay of, [625]
• Bergen, [109]
• Berkeley, Sir William, on striking, [472]
• Berwick, [49], [60], [73], [219]
• Beukelsz, invention of herring cure, [61], [426] n.
• Beuningen, van, Dutch ambassador, [511]
• Beveren, van, Dutch ambassador, [302], [303], [304], [312], [315], [316], [317], [320]
• Beverning, Hieronymus van, Dutch ambassador, [415], [418], [433], [504]
• Beverwaert, van, Dutch ambassador, [449] n., [450]
• Binge, Raymond, [109] n.
• Binning, Captain, [513]
• Binning, Lord, [80], [178], [179] n., [186], [187]
• Birch, [28]
• Bird, Sir William, [174] n.
• Biscay, [255];
• fishermen of, [67], [98];
• whalers at Spitzbergen, [183] n.
• Biscay, Bay of, [19], [510], [521];
• fisheries in, [707], [713];
• territoriality of, [625]
• Bishop of Isles, [242]
• Bishop of Ross, [77]
• Bishop, on territorial sea, [683]
• Black Book of Admiralty, [7],[16], [39-42], [52], [53], [66], [410] n.
• Blackburn, Lord, on territorial sea, [589]
• Black Sea, [371]
• Blackstone, on Sovereignty of Sea, [580] n.
• Blake, General Robert, [408], [421], [422];
• instructions to, regarding sovereignty of sea, [382], [383];
• encounter with Tromp, [12], [207] n., [397], [398] n., [401], [403], [404];
• correspondence with Tromp, [404] n., [772];
• captures Dutch herring busses, [311] n., [406], [407]
• Blakeney, [49], [90] n.
• Blockade, [209], [264], [265], [268]
• Bluntschli, on territorial sea, [682], [688]
• Blyth, [250]
• Board of Trade on fishery limit, [616];
• and German territorial limits, [652]
• Bodin, on territorial limit, [540]
• Bohemia, [191], [197], [198]
• Bohemia, Queen of. See Elizabeth.
• Bohuslän, herring fishery at, [62]
• Bordeaux, [28], [61], [97]
• Boreel, Dutch ambassador, [482], [483], [485], [490]
• Boroughs, Sir John, Keeper of the Records, on Sovereignty of Sea, [25], [28], [39], [43], [64] n., [254], [364], [365], [366], [411];
• discovery of rolls, [31], [213], [254];
• on foreign fishermen, [132]
• Boston, [73]
• Boswell, Sir W., British ambassador at The Hague, [212], [213], [257], [258], [259] n., [264], [317], [318], [319], [321]
• Botetourt, Sir John de, [46] n., [60]
• Bothnia, Gulf of, sovereignty over, [4], [564]
• Boulogne, [104], [274], [281]
• Bourne, Rear-Admiral, meets Tromp, [400];
• assists Blake, [403]
• Bouwensz, Joost, [294] n., [298] n., [304]
• Brabant, [49], [50], [70], [71]
• Bracton, [66], [362] n., [539]
• Bradshaw, [409]
• Braeckel, Captain, [476]
• Braems, Sir Arnold, [318], [515]
• Brazil, [327], [393], [430]
• Breda, conference at, [459], [464], [476];
• treaty of, [465], [492], [501]
• Brederode, W. van, [81]
• Bremen, fishermen and merchants from, [126], [129], [130], [169], [227], [235], [327];
• negotiations at, [110], [373]
• Bressay Sound, [129], [131], [215]
• Briel, [43], [73], [78], [142], [278], [511], [512]
• Bristol, [96], [108]
• Bristol Channel, territoriality of, [586], [725]
• British Colonies, territorial sea, [661]
• British fisheries, foreigners at. See Fisheries.
• British Seas. See Sea.
• British subjects in foreign service, [260], [359] n.;
• in Dutch navy, [251] n.
• Brittany, [36], [48], [54], [56], [67], [68], [69], [103], [213], [270]
• Britton, [539]
• Brixham, [699]
• Brood and spawn of fish, [213]
• Brouershaven, [77]
• Brown, James, [194]
• Brown, John, [166], [191] n., [194] n., [195], [195] n., [196];
• sent to uplift the assize herrings from Dutch fishermen, [169], [170], [171];
• seized by Dutch and carried to Holland, [172], [173];
• released, [173];
• Dutch apologise, [173];
• counsel’s opinion on seizure, [174]
• Bruce, King Robert, [76]
• Bruce, Patrick, [181]
• Bruges, [43], [52] n., [71], [73];
• fishing charter from Charles II., [460], [461], [504], [616], [617], [772]
• Brussels, [71], [318], [335]
• Bucentaur, [4], [567] n.
• Buchan Ness, [131], [166], [227], [233], [321], [406]
• Buckingham, Duke of, [201], [266] n., [490], [497]
• Buckland, Frank, on inexhaustibility of fisheries, [636]
• Burchett, on Sovereignty of Sea, [311] n., [521]
• Burghs, Scottish, [216], [240]
• Burgundy, Duchess of, [71], [72]
• Burgundy, Duke of, [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [158]
• Burgundy, House of, [49]
• Burgundy treaties, [69], [70], [72], [86], [112], [145], [146], [147], [158], [288], [312] n., [356], [370], [412] n., [425], [500]
• Burgus, P. B., on dominion of Ligurian Sea, [411], [550]
• Burnham, [90]
• Bushell, William, [284]
• Bynkershoek, Cornelius van, [21], [350], [538], [579], [591], [595], [650], [685], [686];
• on territorial sea, [555], [556];
• on range of vision, [546]
• Cadiz, [246]
• Cæsar, Sir Julius, [120], [146], [155], [156] n.
• Caithness, [126], [227]
• Calais, [18], [29], [34], [37] n., [45] n., [49], [50], [65], [68], [70], [71], [73], [74], [103], [104], [204], [205], [266], [273], [274], [278], [280], [282], [327], [401], [440]
• Callis, Serjeant, on the appropriation of the sea, [54], [66], [358], [363]
• Calvo, on territorial sea, [340], [682], [688]
• Camden, [64], [142]
• Canada, fishery rights at. See British North America.
• Cancale, Bay of. See Granville Bay.
• Canning, George, on Behring Sea, [583]
• Cannon range limit, proposed by Dutch, [156].
• See Territorial Sea.
• Canterbury, [41]
• Cape Bojador, [105]
• Cape de Verde, [106]
• Cape Finisterre, [270], [469], [478], [502], [505], [510], [515], [521]
• Cape of Good Hope, [105], [340], [343], [344]
• Cape St Vincent, [270], [434], [435], [465], [466] n., [469], [478], [502], [503], [508], [510]
• Cardinal Infant, [243], [318], [319], [335]
• Carew, Lord George, [202]
• Carleton, Sir Dudley, [128], [168], [172], [173], [174], [176], [177], [180], [185], [190], [192], [193], [197], [212];
• on Grotius, [351]
• Carlisle, Earl of, [222] n., [227] n.
• Caron, Sir Noel, Dutch ambassador, [151-154], [163], [165], [168-174], [201]
• Carrick, Earl of, [225] n.
• Carteret, Captain, [291], [327]
• Casaregi, on territorial sea, [558]
• Castile, [32], [67]
• Castro, Francis Alphonso de, on dominion of sea, [341]
• Catalonia, [45]
• Cats, Dutch ambassador, [391]
• Cattegat, territoriality of, [653]
• Cavendish, [5]
• Cecil, Secretary Sir William, [88], [90], [91], [92], [95], [105], [114], [115], [128] n., [133], [204]
• Ceva, Cardinal de, [273] n.
• Ceylon, pearl fisheries, [560], [697]
• Chaleurs, Bay of, [623], [624], [625], [627] n., [628], [629], [630], [692]
• Chamberlain, Joseph, [628]
• Champagne, on freedom of the sea, [595], [596]
• Chancellor, [181]
• Channel, English, [9], [18], [19], [21], [29], [42], [43], [209], [247], [250], [266], [269], [270], [276], [327], [407], [465];
• extent of, [432], [465] n. [506] n.;
• great avenue of commerce, [30];
• importance of command of, [30];
• fisheries in, [65] n., [68], [544];
• licenses for fishing in, [65];
• disputes with French fishermen, [607], [608];
• mid-line limit, [542], [544];
• sovereignty over, [6], [8], [16], [35], [36], [101], [103], [207], [208], [246], [432];
• striking in, [117], [212], [469], [470]
• Channel Islands, [29], [36], [103]
• Charles the Bold, [72]
• Charles I., [17], [28], [31], [117], [119], [338];
• asked to free the seas of Hollander busses, [211], [234];
• opinion on importance of fisheries, [213];
• initiates fishery association, [214];
• plan of, [215], [216];
• lays scheme before Council in Scotland, [218], [219], [220];
• ill received in Scotland, [220];
• opposed by Scottish Parliament, [222];
• debates regarding, [224];
• his great anxiety for, [225];
• Scottish Commissioners appointed, [225];
• his letters on, [232], [233];
• Royal Fishery Society established, [239];
• proceedings of, [241];
• misfortunes and failure of Fishery Society, [241-243];
• claim to sovereignty of sea, [10], [11], [119], [209-212], [251], [258];
• proclamation regarding narrow seas and King’s Chambers, [251];
• draft proclamation re Sovereignty of Sea, [759];
• personal policy, [253];
• pretext for equipping a fleet, [253];
• deceives his Council, [255];
• secret agreement with Spain, [253], [255], [260], [264];
• instructions to first ship-money fleet, [259];
• failure of his policy, [275];
• report of Admiralty as to employment of second ship-money fleet, [288], [762];
• instructions regarding license money from foreign fishermen, [295];
• proclamation forbidding unlicensed fishing by foreigners, [293], [294];
• licenses to fishermen, [762];
• negotiations with Dutch as to unlicensed fishing, [305], [306];
• tries surreptitiously to induce Dutch to accept licenses, [317], [319], [321];
• Dutch despatch a fleet to protect their fishermen, [321];
• general dissatisfaction with his actions, [324];
• his power on sea wanes, [328];
• pretensions to sovereignty of sea flouted by Dutch, [328], [329];
• battle of Downs, [335];
• proceedings regarding Spanish fleet and Tromp, [331], [336]
• Charles II., his efforts to develop fisheries, [441];
• Bill to encourage fisheries, [443];
• directed against foreigners, [444], [444] n.;
• establishes the Royal Fishery, [446-448];
• failure of, [449];
• Dutch embassy, negotiations concerning fishery question, [449], [450], [451], [455];
• tries to prevent Franco-Dutch treaty, [454];
• treaty with the United Provinces, [455];
• disputes about striking, [455];
• second Dutch war, [457], [458];
• very popular, [458];
• course of, [459];
• terms of peace, [464];
• claim to exclusive fishing withdrawn, [464];
• question of striking, [464], [465];
• extent of British seas, [465], [466];
• licenses offered to Dutch fishermen, [460];
• De Witt’s proposals as to striking, [468];
• verbal arrangement with Louis as to striking, [471], [471] n.;
• Triple Alliance, [474];
• secret treaty of Dover, [474];
• obtains a subsidy, [475];
• ill-feeling against Dutch fomented, [476];
• accuses De Witt of secret negotiations with Louis, [476];
• recall of Sir William Temple, [476];
• pretext for war in the “honour of the flag,” [476];
• sends his yacht Merlin to pick a quarrel over the salute, [477], [478], [479];
• failure of the Merlin, [480];
• dispute with Dutch as to striking, [482];
• Dutch asked to acknowledge his dominion of the seas, [482];
• the Dutch hoodwinked, [482];
• rejects concessions of Dutch, [483], [484];
• orders Dutch shipping to be seized, [484], [485];
• failure of attack on Smyrna fleet, [486], [487];
• declaration of war against States-General, [487];
• declaration on the honour of the flag and sovereignty of the sea, [487], [488];
• arranges salute with Louis, [488];
• terms offered the Dutch, [490];
• demands payment for fishery, [491], [491] n.;
• summons Parliament, [492];
• subsidy granted, [493];
• the war intensely unpopular, [493];
• efforts to stir up animosity against Dutch, [494-498];
• congress at Cologne, [498];
• terms of peace offered, [498];
• question of flag and striking, [498], [499], [501-503], [505], [506], [508];
• question of fisheries, [498-500], [503-505], [508];
• negotiations for separate peace, [504-508];
• peace concluded, [508];
• establishes a new fishery company, [516]
• Charles V., [74], [75], [78], [79], [81]
• Charteris, A. H., [586] n.
• Chaterton, Sir Richard, [448]
• Chatham, [459], [476]
• Chelchethe, John de, [50]
• Chelmsford, Lord, on territorial sea, [586] n.
• Chester, [96]
• Chili, territorial sea, [661]
• Chitty, on Sovereignty of Sea, [580] n.
• Chitty, on territorial sea, [597]
• Christian V. of Denmark, prohibits fishing at Greenland, [528]
• Churchill, Lieutenant, [486] n.
• Cinque Ports, [29], [32], [36], [55], [244], [247], [295], [381] n.;
• complain about foreign fishermen, [144], [145];
• fishermen of, [58], [90] n., [144];
• jurisdiction on sea, [213], [544], [544] n.;
• licenses to French fishermen, [65]
• Clarendon, Chancellor, [241], [457]
• Clee, [90]
• Cleveland yacht, [511]
• Clyde, Firth of, foreign trawlers in, [647];
• fisheries of, [83], [221] n., [233], [235], [239];
• Cnut, King, and the sea, [26];
• charter regarding Sandwich, [542]
• Cockaine, Sir William, [202]
• Cockburn, Lord Chief-Justice, on Bristol Channel, [586], [587], [588];
• on territorial sea, [591], [591] n.
• Cockraine, Captain, [437]
• Cod-fishing, [79], [131], [221] n., [672]
• Coke, Lord Chief-Justice, [17], [27], [43], [44], [44] n., [46], [66], [213];
• on appropriation of sea, [363]
• Coke, Secretary, Sir John, [130] n., [227] n., [268], [269];
• on the British seas, [20], [264] n.;
• on the fishery scheme, [215-218], [232], [235-237], [239] n., [241], [243];
• on sovereignty of sea, [20], [211], [212], [255-258], [264], [271], [302]
• Coke, Roger, [127] n.
• Colbert, French ambassador, [471], [471] n.
• Cologne, congress at, [264] n., [323] n., [347] n., [491] n., [498], [506], [510]
• Colomb, Admiral, [311] n.
• Columbus, [106], [340]
• Commerce, [53], [91], [106], [107], [134], [135], [143], [163], [210], [255], [339], [340], [342], [390], [391], [395], [408], [413], [457];
• in middle ages, [3], [5], [6], [7], [29], [30], [34] and n., [43], [44], [67], [69], [86];
• monopoly of, [5], [106]
• Commercial enterprise, expansion of, [6], [339], [340], [342], [533]
• Commercial jealousy of Dutch, [10], [422], [441], [457]
• Commonwealth, instructions as to striking, [380], [381];
• relations with United Provinces, [384];
• negotiations for alliance, [384], [385];
• St John’s mission to The Hague, [384-390];
• Navigation Act, [391];
• seizure of Dutch ships, [391];
• letters of reprisal against the Dutch, [391], [392], [393];
• renewed negotiations, [392-396];
• thirty-nine articles considered, [393], [764];
• differences as to sovereignty of sea, [393], [394];
• question of striking, [394], [395];
• question of fishery, [394], [396];
• question of right of visitation and search, [396];
• negotiations interrupted, [397];
• indignation against States-General for attack on Blake, [404];
• terms offered to Pauw, [405];
• Dutch ships seized and preparations for war, [405];
• declaration on sovereignty of sea, [409];
• Mare Clausum to be translated and printed, [410];
• peace negotiations with Dutch, [414-435];
• terms offered, [415];
• Dutch propose the Intercursus Magnus as basis, [416];
• liberty of fishing offered, [417];
• the twenty-seven articles proposed, [419];
• proposal for fusion of English and Dutch, [416], [417], [418], [419];
• question of dominion of the sea, [418], [419], [423], [433], [436];
• of extent of British seas, [429], [431-436];
• of fishing, [417], [418], [419], [420], [422], [423], [424], [425], [427], [430], [436];
• of guarding the sea, [421-424], [431], [436];
• of limitation of Dutch fleet, [421], [422], [423], [436];
• of the Prince of Orange, [422], [430], [433], [435];
• of striking, [417], [419], [420], [424], [429], [431], [432], [436];
• Dutch propose a “regulation” for, [405], [418], [424], [429], [431], [433];
• Dutch propose to strike in all seas, [432];
• of visit and search, [420-424], [431], [436];
• treaty signed, [435]
• Conception Bay, territoriality of, [588], [589]
• Conringius, [550]
• Conway, Viscount, [268], [269], [284] n.
• Cook, George M., [728] n.
• Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley, [429].
• See also Lord Shaftesbury.
• Cope, Sir Walter, [128] n., [138]
• Corinth, Gulf of, [661]
• Cornish, James, on spawning of fish, [610]
• Cornwall, pilchards, [134], [143]
• Cornwallis, Lord, [360]
• Cottingham, Sir Francis, [227] n.
• Cottington, Lord, [253], [263]
• Courcel, Baron de, on three-mile limit, [664] n., [696] n.
• Coventry, Lord, [254], [255], [286]
• Craig, Sir Thomas, [359] n.;
• on the right of fishery, [357]
• Crail, [84], [175] n., [242]
• Craudon, [54], [55], [56]
• Cromarty, [227]
• Cromer, [90], [296]
• Crompton, Sir Thomas, [146]
• Cromwell, Oliver (see also Commonwealth), [13], [28], [65], [72], [337], [378], [404], [410] n., [414], [451], [495], [505];
• arguments for exclusive fishery, [425];
• clandestine negotiations with Dutch, [414], [415], [417], [430] n.;
• on sovereignty of sea, [419], [423], [424], [435];
• renews fishing licenses for Zowe, [440]
• Cromwell, Richard, on extent of British seas, [438]
• Crow, Captain, [479], [480]
• Cuba, territorial limit, [665]
• Cunæus, Professor Petrus, [375]
• Customs limit. See Territorial sea.
• Dana, on territorial sea, [683]
• Danby, Earl of, [516]
• Danegeld, [26]
• Dantzic, [216], [242]
• Dartmouth, [267]
• David I., [59]
• Davidson, Thomas, [84]
• Davis’ Straits, [184]
• Deal Castle, [279]
• Dean, Major-General, [382], [406], [408]
• Decay of English fisheries. See Fisheries.
• Decay of havens and sea-coast towns, [89], [90], [98], [446]
• Dee, Dr John, [27] n., [95], [111], [125], [203], [214] n., [364] n.;
• on sovereignty of sea, [99], [101]
• Delaware Bay, claimed by United States, [574], [599], [629]
• Delfshaven, [294] n., [298] n.
• Delft, [73], [397] n.
• Demetrius, Emanuel, [156]
• Denmark, [26], [45], [54], [464], [527];
• claim to cod-fishing at Iceland, [528];
• to whaling at Greenland, [527];
• fisheries of, [92];
• fishermen on British coasts, [605];
• claims to sovereignty of sea, [4], [8], [16], [33], [86], [105], [112], [158], [339], [340], [358];
• opposed by Queen Elizabeth, [107], [108], [109], [110];
• on striking, [470], [471], [473];
• territorial sea, [528], [529], [653], [655], [664];
• range of vision claimed, [529], [545];
• inclusion in Cromwell’s treaty with Dutch, [433]
• Deptford, [266]
• De Ruyter, [408], [456], [457] n., [458], [459], [463], [472], [479], [481], [489], [493]
• De Seneterre, [302]
• Desjardins, on territorial sea, [685], [688]
• “De Superioritate maris” roll, [8], [31], [41], [43], [44] and n., [45], [49], [50], [54], [363], [740], [744]
• Devonshire, Earl of, [138]
• De With, [408], [437]
• De Witt, Cornelius, [459]
• De Witt, John, [398], [414], [422], [433], [434], [449];
• secret negotiations with Cromwell, [430] n., [434], [435];
• secret negotiations with France regarding fishery and flag, [451-454], [471], [476];
• attitude on sovereignty of sea, [450], [451], [454], [468], [470];
• on fishery claim, [450], [451-457];
• on striking, [14], [452], [457], [467], [468], [470], [471];
• on striking to a frigate or ketch, [470], [477], [509];
• on striking to French, [463], [464];
• assassinated, [491]
• Dieppe, [49], [50], [61], [65], [116], [440], [473]
• Digby, Sir Kenelm, [292], [375]
• Digges, Sir Leonard, [96]
• Digges, Thomas, on foreshore and bed of sea, [362]
• Dogger Bank, [131], [407] n., [699], [700]
• Dominion of Sea. See Sovereignty of Sea.
• Dorchester, Viscount, [212]. See Carleton.
• Dorp, van, [273], [274], [300], [312], [313], [321]
• Dorset, Earl of, [227] n.
• Dort, [73]
• Dover, [49], [73], [103], [145] n., [204], [205], [265], [400];
• straits of, [6], [8], [16], [18], [36], [104], [273], [330], [397], [401], [515]
• Downing, Sir George, English ambassador at The Hague, [454], [482], [483], [488]
• Downs, The, [120], [245], [259], [260], [265], [268], [270], [274], [290], [323], [330], [331], [332], [334], [335], [336], [400]
• Drake, Sir F., [5], [107]
• Drechsel, C. F., Captain, [647] n., [707] n.
• Dudley, Sir Henry, [116]
• Dues levied at Scarborough Castle, [64]
• Dunbar, [59], [153] n., [166], [221] n.
• Dunedin, Lord, Lord Justice-General, on territorial sea, [724]
• Dunfermline, Earl of, [80], [179] n., [223]
• Dunkirk, [73], [125], [215], [242], [267], [278], [282], [327];
• blockade of, [253], [265], [266], [268], [270], [273-275], [276], [290], [327], [330], [334]
• Dunkirk privateers, [11], [243], [247-250], [261], [263], [265], [273], [282], [289], [291], [296], [302], [304], [318], [322], [327], [328], [330]
• Dunn, Sir Daniel, [146], [155]
• Dunwich, [90] n.
• Durham, [133]
• Dussen, E. van der, Dutch ambassador, [185] n.
• Dutch, [5], [69], [77], [79], [81], [143], [217], [243], [253], [255], [261], [263], [275], [289];
• commercial jealousy of, [10], [125], [142], [413];
• encouraged to settle in England, [515];
• growth of fisheries and commerce, [10], [62], [87], [143];
• fisheries, growth and extent of, [125], [126], [127], [128], [130], [142];
• on British coasts, [62], [64], [605];
• on Scottish coast, [82], [83], [187] n., [201];
• statistics of, [125-132], [158], [190], [438], [439] and n., [534];
• strength of fishing fleet, [98], [101], [125], [126], [127], [129], [144], [321];
• value of, [125], [131], [132], [142], [292], [366], [515];
• exports of fish, [87], [135];
• embargo on, [460], [462], [489];
• supply England with fish, [93];
• herring fishery, [10], [61], [78-85], [87], [93], [95], [112], [122], [125], [131], [134-137], [143-145], [157], [208], [214], [215], [247], [250], [273], [277], [296], [316], [407], [415], [424], [428], [449], [450], [451], [515], [534];
• description of, [131];
• exports of herrings, [132], [134];
• herring fleet attacked by Blake, [406], [407];
• whale fishing, [194] n., [181], [183], [184], [185], [407], [528];
• fishermen, frugality and industry of, [137], [141];
• settled at Stornoway, [216], [221], [237];
• complaints against, [144], [154], [168], [175], [177], [187], [234], [257], [292], [301], [438];
• proposal to tax, [141], [214];
• assize herring, [169-171], [197], [198];
• licenses to be forced on, [264], [300];
• proceedings with reference to Northumberland’s fleet, [301-305], [312], [313];
• payments for licenses to fish, [309], [310], [311];
• attempt to distribute licenses, [320], [321].
• See also Fisheries and Sovereignty of Sea.
• Dutch, first war with England, [405];
• second, [457];
• third, [474]
• Dutch fleet to protect fishermen, [321]
• Dutch East India Company, [185], [343], [344]
• Dutch Republic. See United Provinces.
• Dyer, Sir Edward, [103]
• Dymes, Captain John, [216], [217] n.
• East India Company, [194]
• East Indies, [105], [184], [185], [193], [194], [198], [199], [200], [257], [339], [340], [343], [350], [393], [430], [457], [482]
• Eastland Merchants Company, [160]
• Eddystone, territoriality of, [641], [642], [643]
• Edgar, King, [26], [27], [28], [141], [158], [326], [365], [409]
• Edinburgh, [216], [228], [298], [324], [351]
• Edmonds, Sir Thomas, [243]
• Edward I., [7], [32], [40], [42], [43], [44], [49], [51], [58] n., [60], [66], [67], [213], [214], [363], [365]
• Edward II., [52] n., [56], [67], [254]
• Edward III., [7], [33], [36], [37], [38], [41], [42], [43], [44], [51], [53], [64], [66], [67], [211], [254], [365], [409]
• Edward IV., [63], [71], [110]
• Edward VI., [88], [89], [116]
• Elbe, [28]
• Elector Palatine, [198], [271], [303], [315], [316], [320]
• Elizabeth, Queen, [17], [65-85], [86], [87], [88], [91], [96], [102], [104], [115], [117], [118], [124], [136], [204], [246], [361], [433];
• asserts freedom of seas, [5], [108-112], [118];
• opposes claims of Denmark in northern seas, [86], [108-112];
• opposes Spanish and Portuguese claims, [86], [107];
• opposes mare clausum, [105], [338];
• made no claim to sovereignty of seas, [107], [108];
• policy to foster fisheries, [93];
• fishing declared free, [111];
• fishery disputes with Denmark, [106-112];
• policy regarding territorial waters, [111], [543]
• Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia, [167] n., [198], [303], [305], [314], [315], [316], [321], [385]
• Emden, [129], [130], [195]
• England, Sea of. See Sea.
• English, new spirit of commercial enterprise in, [124], [136];
• irritation against Dutch, [134];
• jealous of their commerce, [413];
• fisheries, yield of, [215];
• condition of, [133];
• decay of, [75], [112], [358];
• description of, [133];
• fishermen, indolence of, [91], [137], [516];
• at Iceland, [108], [109], [110];
• at Norway, [108];
• molested by Dutch, [438]
• Enkhuisen, [139], [170], [171], [173], [298] n., [397] n., [439] n.
• Entick, on Sovereignty of Sea, [311] n., [522]
• Essex, Earl of, [128] n., [473]
• Ethelred, King, [26]
• Evelyn, John, [312] n., [508];
• on Sovereignty of Sea, [514] and n.
• Eversley, Lord, [702] n.
• Evertsen, Vice-Admiral Jan, [399], [408]
• Exeter, [96]
• Exton, Sir Thomas, [513]
• Faeröe Isles, [175], [176], [528], [529], [545], [647], [711]
• Fair Isle, [126], [131]
• Fairlea, [65]
• Fairlight, [65], [402]
• Fajardo, Don Louis, [206] n.
• Falkland Islands, [650]
• Falmouth, [276]
• Farne Isles, [618]
• Farrer, Sir T. H., [646]
• Fast-days, [58], [87]
• Fenton, John, [194], [195], [196] and n., [197], [757]
• Ferguson, on territorial sea, [684]
• Fielding, Captain, [320], [321], [322], [323], [324]
• Fife, [59], [166], [175] n., [445];
• fishermen of, [61], [83], [165]
• Finmark, [108], [109], [568]
• Fiore, on territorial sea, [684]
• Fish, abuses in trade in, [112], [113]
• Fish, commerce in, [61], [82], [88], [112], [134], [141];
• exports, [61], [132] n., [133], [134], [214];
• imports, [67], [113], [145], [442];
• prices regulated, [91]
• Fish days, [58], [87], [88], [90], [92] and n., [93], [94], [99] n., [114], [115], [136], [444]
• Fish, demand for, in early times, [58]
• Fish, destruction of spawn of, [608], [609], [610]
• Fish for victualling army and navy, [58]
• Fish, fresh, distribution of, [58]
• Fish, preservation of brood of, [213], [607], [608], [609], [610]
• Fish, protection of breeding-grounds of, [610]
• Fish, royal, [66], [362] n., [363]
• Fish, spawning of, [610]
• Fish, taxation of imported, [88], [441], [442], [446]
• Fish tithes, [59], [101], [141], [142], [203], [214], [242], [355]
• Fish, undersized, [444] n., [608], [636], [704], [706], [707], [708-710]
• Fisheries, appropriation of, [102]
• Fisheries, as nursery for navy, [87], [113], [134], [213]
• Fisheries, charter to Bruges, [461], [772]
• Fisheries, claim to wide limit by Argentina, [661], [662]
• Fisheries, claimed for crown, [57], [62], [288], [289], [292]
• Fisheries, closure of areas, [662], [720].
• See Territorial Sea, Extra territorial.
• Fisheries, cod-fishing at Lofoten Isles, [672] and n.
• Fisheries, Conference at Hague, 1881, [632]
• Fisheries, decay of English, [86], [87], [89], [91], [92], [115];
• of Dutch, [534]
• Fisheries, disputes in North Sea, [631];
• at Iceland, [110];
• in North America, [621], [622-630]
• Fisheries, distant voyages, [57]
• Fisheries, Dutch, [93], [94], [96], [125-130].
• See Dutch.
• Fisheries, Dutch regulations on British coast, [605], [606] n.
• Fisheries, early English law as to, [66]
• Fisheries Enquiries—Anglo-French in 1837, [611];
• by Royal Commissions in 1863, [701];
• in 1878, [702];
• in 1883, [702];
• by Select Committee of House of Commons in 1817, [610] n.;
• in 1833, [607-610]; in 1893, [691], [707], [714] n.;
• by Select Committee of House of Lords in 1904, [710], [711] n.;
• by Mr Higgin as to disputes in North Sea, 1880, [631]
• Fisheries, estimated profits of, [137]
• Fisheries, exclusive limit for, [632], [633]
• Fisheries, exhaustibility of, [348], [355], [372], [546], [550], [559], [602]
• Fisheries, for coral, [659], [669], [684], [695];
• sponges, [659], [669];
• oysters, [612], [621], [697];
• pearls, [697]
• Fisheries, for “floating” fish, [698]
• Fisheries, freedom of fishing during war, [440], [461], [462], [489], [636]
• Fisheries, herring, [29], [34] n., [43], [58], [59], [71], [73-75], [90], [97], [130], [143], [157], [187], [190], [193], [197-200], [203], [214-218], [221] n., [238], [241], [264], [265], [272], [273], [302], [336], [378], [462], [491], [605], [698];
• importance of, [59], [61];
• at Bohuslän, [62];
• at Scania, [61];
• in Channel, [68];
• Dutch, see Dutch;
• French, on British coasts, [606], [607], [608], [618];
• treaties granting liberty for, [67]
• Fisheries, importance of, [57];
• in Scotland, [76];
• for navy, [58], [86], [87], [200], [219], [428];
• in relation to international territorial limits, [693]
• Fisheries, impoverishment of grounds, [701], [702], [704], [706-711], [713], [714] n., [733], [738], [739] n.
• Fisheries, in Channel, [65], [607]
• Fisheries, in North Sea. See North Sea.
• Fisheries, increase of shipping due to, [135]
• Fisheries, industries dependent on, [135]
• Fisheries, International Conference, London, 1890, [706]
• Fisheries, international investigations proposed, [707] n.;
• begun, [735], [736], [740];
• instructions to British delegates, [735], [736] n.;
• criticism of, [736] and n.
• Fisheries, international regulations, [614], [618], [619], [630], [631], [636], [638], [645] n., [648], [704], [729];
• German proposal to protect fry and small fish, [636]
• Fisheries, liberty of fishing granted to Sweden, [427]
• Fisheries, liberty of fishing guaranteed by treaties, [8], [66-74]
• Fisheries, license for fishing at Zowe, [65], [749]
• Fisheries, old Scandinavian rights, [677]
• Fisheries, old Scots Acts regarding, [82], [83]
• Fisheries, policy of Scottish kings, [59]
• Fisheries, promoted by Charles I., [213], [214]
• Fisheries, proposals to develop English, [136], [138]
• Fisheries, protective legislation and regulation, [88], [91], [92], [93], [94], [112], [113], [213], [442], [533], [608] n.
• Fisheries, regulations beyond three-mile limit, [614], [618], [619], [621], [661], [662], [666], [688], [691], [697], [698], [734], [735];
• of oyster beds, [621]
• Fisheries, rise of British, [534]
• Fisheries, Scottish treaties regarding, [75-82]
• Fisheries, sealing regulations, Argentina, [662];
• Uruguay, [663]
• Fisheries, small-fish grounds, [705], [708]
• Fisheries, the “Belgian devil,” [631]
• Fisheries, trawling, [134];
• methods, [699], [700], [701], [708], [714];
• development of, [680], [698-701], [711], [713], [739] n.;
• enterprise of British trawlers, [713];
• by British vessels on foreign coasts, [680], [711], [712], [713], [730], [735], [737];
• in Barents Sea, [657], [713];
• at Faröes, [711];
• at Finmarken, [680];
• French West Africa, [713];
• Iceland, [647], [648], [711];
• Morocco, [713];
• Spain and Portugal, [667] and n., [668] n., [713];
• foreign trawlers on Scottish coast, [647];
• damage by foreign trawlers, [631];
• destruction of undersized fish, [714] n.;
• Board of Trade empowered to restrict, [717];
• German proposals to restrict in North Sea, [636];
• restrictive regulations, [662], [698], [714], [733];
• in England, [715];
• prohibited beyond ordinary limits in Adriatic, [659];
• Argentina, [662];
• Austria-Hungary, [715];
• Italy, [71];
• Ireland, [715], [716];
• Norway, [680], [715];
• Portugal, [666-668];
• Scotland, [716-720];
• Spain, [666-668];
• bill to prohibit within eight miles of coast, [444] and n.;
• German proposal to restrict, [636];
• restrictions desired by English trawlers, [702], [704-710];
• ten-mile limit desired by English trawlers, [707];
• voluntary closure of Continental area, [704], [706];
• international agreement necessary, [732], [734], [735], [738];
• recent views as to extension of limits, [735], [737]
• Fisheries, tribute from foreigners proposed, [101], [138], [139], [295]
• Fisheries, truce for fishing during war, [74], [75]
• Fishermen, early frequent distant seas, [86]
• Fishermen, foreign—
• On British coasts, [29], [33], [57], [59-62], [65], [69], [76], [83], [91], [92], [98], [101], [126], [129], [145-150], [227], [288], [533], [544] n., [605-608], [611], [615], [617], [618], [631];
• Belgian, [615-618];
• Dutch, [60], [62], [64], [77-79], [82-85], [94], and see Dutch;
• Flemish, [29], [59-62], [83], [101];
• French, [59-62], [65], [83], [101], [150], [544] n., [606-608], [611], [617], [618], [631];
• Portuguese, [129];
• Spanish, [67], [129], [150];
• cause of increase of, [61];
• complaints against, [94], [95], [100], [101], [144], [604], [605], [631];
• against Belgian, [615], [616];
• Dutch, see Dutch;
• French, [29], [544] n., [606-608], [611], [617], [618], [631];
• encouraged in England, [75];
• prohibited to fish, [9], [33], [150], [202], [227], [293], [294];
• licenses for, [62], [65], [150], [294];
• tax on proposed, [101], [138], [139], [214], [295];
• protection of, [63]
• On Irish coasts, [33], [92], [98], [101], [150]
• Fishermen, guardians of, appointed, [63]
• Fishery Conventions, [604], [693];
• Anglo-Belgian, of 1852, [61];
• Anglo-French, of 1839, [612], [613], [644];
• of 1867, [618], [619], [630], [633], [634], [645];
• North Sea, of 1882, [634], [637-639];
• Norway and Sweden decline to adhere to North Sea Convention, [636]
• Fishery, reciprocal right of, [626], [627], [658], [659], [665], [666];
• old Scandinavian rights, [677]
• Fishery, right of, Boroughs on, [364];
• Callis, [363];
• Craig, [357];
• Digges, [362];
• Fiore, [684];
• Graswinckel, [412];
• Grotius, [346], [351], [356];
• Hall, [688];
• Hautefeuille, [601], [602];
• Wicquefort, [495];
• Malynes, [358];
• Meadows, [525];
• Pontanus, [376];
• Puffendorf, [551];
• Rayneval, [596];
• Sarpi, [547];
• Selden, [372], [373];
• Stubbe, [497];
• Vasquius, [341];
• Vattel, [560], [561];
• Welwood, [354], [355];
• Wheaton, [599];
• Wolff, [559]
• Fishery rights, British North America. See America.
• Fishery Societies and Associations, [96], [97], [124], [128] n., [136-140], [160-162], [202], [203], [211], [214], [218], [222], [225], [227], [230] n., [232], [235-243], [266], [267], [292], [301], [328], [346], [439], [442], [444], [494], [515], [516], [533], [534]
• Fishing boats, [33];
• question of neutrality of, during war, [636]
• Fishing boats, varieties of, [63], [90], [126], [129]
• Fishing, old limit on Scottish coast, [79]
• Fishing, safe-conducts for, [62], [71], [72], [79]
• Fishing vessels, armed, [34] n., [43], [70]
• Fitton, Sir Henry, [64]
• Fitzmaurice, Lord, Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, on territorial sea, [630], [730], [731]
• Flag, “honour of.” See Striking.
• Flanders, [29], [30], [34], [43], [45], [52] n., [53], [55], [57], [59], [60], [61], [62], [69], [70], [71], [72], [75], [83], [88], [92], [101], [125], [209], [253], [255], [329]
• Fleta, [539]
• Fletcher, George, [225] n., [239] n.
• Flushing, [142]
• Fogg, Captain, [322], [323]
• Foggo, Robert, [78]
• Folkestone, [33], [145] n.
• Foreign Enlistment Act, [589]
• Foreshore, ownership of, [361-363]
• Forth, Firth of, [221] n., [273] n., [298];
• herring fishery, [59], [61], [77]
• Four Seas, [17], [18], [119] n., [251], [363]
• France, [8], [12], [14], [20], [29], [30], [32], [33], [35], [36], [44], [50], [57], [60], [61], [65], [67], [69], [70], [71], [72], [83], [88], [92], [97], [101], [103], [105], [117], [127], [129], [134], [151], [158], [189], [212], [246], [264], [265], [269], [275], [286], [413], [426], [451], [452], [463];
• Customs jurisdiction, [594];
• differences with United Provinces as to striking, [452], [463];
• regulation of fisheries beyond three miles, [657];
• territorial sea, [657];
• treaty with Dutch regarding fishery question, [451-454]
• Francis I. of France, [74], [75]
• Franconia, case of, [580] n., [590], [591]
• Frankland, [311] n.
• Freiras, F. S. de, on Mare Liberum, [350]
• French fishermen on British coasts, [101], [129], [130], [150], [605];
• whalers at Spitzbergen, [182], [183] and n.
• Frezno, Marquis of, [508]
• Friesland, [28], [45], [60], [62], [75], [81], [92], [104]
• Froissart, [32]
• Fryer, C. E., [619] n.
• Fundy, Bay of, [623], [624], [625]
• Fyvie, Lord President, [223]
• Galiani, on territorial sea, [563];
• first to suggest three miles as equivalent to range of guns, [563]
• Galicia, [98], [469]
• Gama, Vasco da, [340]
• Garde, Baron de la, [116]
• Gelderland, [81]
• Genoa, [30], [45], [45] n., [402], [476], [504];
• sovereignty of Ligurian Sea, [4], [158], [339], [341], [371], [411], [473];
• limit of territorial sea, [570]
• Gentilis, on appropriation of sea, [122], [358], [359]
• Gentleman, Tobias, [128] and n., [129], [132], [134], [137], [358], [364] n.
• Gerbier, [318]
• German Ocean, [19], [209]
• Germany, [45], [61], [197], [198], [199], [216], [373], [377];
• territorial waters of, [652], [653]
• Ghent, [71], [73];
• negotiations at, [581]
• Ghent, van, [462], [479], [480], [481], [482]
• Glanville, [539]
• Glückstadt, [473]
• Goch, Johan van, [185] n.
• Godey, on range of vision, [546]
• Godolphin, [52] n., [53], [515]
• Godsdue, Richard, [162]
• Gondomar, Count of, [206], [208]
• Goodwin Sands, territoriality of, [640], [640] n.
• Gorée, [477], [478], [490], [511]
• Goring, George, [314]
• Grange, case of, [574]
• Granville Bay, [612], [619], [697]
• Graswinckel, Dirck, [305], [354] n., [366] n., [375], [376] n., [411], [412], [550]
• Gravelines, [68], [282], [327]
• Greece, territorial sea, [661]
• Greenland, [4], [28], [108], [181], [184], [199], [257], [376], [393], [407], [430], [437];
• whale fishery at, [200], [527]
• Grey, Sir Edward, Secretary for Foreign Affairs, on territorial sea, [732], [733]
• Grimaldi, Reyner. See Grimbald.
• Grimbald, Reyner, [44] n., [45] and n., [47-51], [54], [409], [740], [744]
• Grimsby, [32], [699];
• trawlers of, in Moray Firth, [722], [727-729]
• Groningen, [81]
• Groningen-Watt, [578]
• Groot, de, [504]
• Groot, Cornets de, [344] n.
• Groot, Hugo de. See Grotius.
• Grotius, [5], [105], [118], [148], [157] n., [158] n., [173], [174], [185] n., [190], [191] n., [256] n., [353], [366], [370], [530], [538], [546], [591];
• appearance of, Mare Liberum, [338], [342];
• object and genesis of, [342], [343], [344];
• arguments of, [344-350];
• defends a Dutch mare clausum, [340], [356];
• ‘Rights of War and Peace,’ [347] ;
• on appropriation of sea, [356];
• on Portuguese and Spanish claims, [339];
• on range of gun limit, [157] n., [158] n., [549];
• on Selden’s Mare Clausum, [375];
• on Welwood, [356]
• Grotius and James I., [346], [347] n., [351], [357]
• Guard for fishing fleet, [248]
• Guernsey, [36]
• Guiccardini, [125]
• Guise, Duke of, license to fish at Zowe, [65], [426]
• Gulf of Nuevo, [661]
• Gulf of St George, [661]
• Gulf of San Matias, [661]
• Guns, range of. See Territorial sea.
• Guthrie, Lord, on territorial sea, [623]
• Haas, Captain Adrian de, [486]
• Haddington, Earl of, [179] n.
• Hagaland, [110]
• Hague, The, [81], [152], [172], [176], [212], [256], [305], [314], [335], [351], [367], [384], [414], [426], [474], [479], [482], [488];
• Conference at, 1881, [632];
• Tribunal N. American Fisheries Arbitration, [732] n.
• Hale, Lord Chief-Justice, [18], [66], [363], [374], [543]
• Halifax Commission, [627]
• Halifax, Viscount, [490]
• Hall, H. van, [605] n.
• Hall, on Sovereignty of Sea, [48] n., [312] n., [580] n.;
• on territorial sea, [687]
• Halleck, on territorial sea, [683]
• Halsbury, Lord, on territorial sea, [522], [730]
• Halse, Sir Nicholas, [130], [132], [142], [162] n., [292]
• Hamburg, [129], [130], [140], [195], [235], [485], [528];
• conference at, [336]
• Hamburgers, [117], [126], [141], [178] n., [227], [255]
• Hamilton, Marquis of, [186], [225] n.
• Hamilton, Sir Thomas, [179] n., [223]
• Hampden, [324]
• Hansards, [30], [61], [62], [73]
• Hardy, Sir T. Duffus, [41]
• Harfleur, [70]
• Hargrave, [374];
• on Sovereignty of Sea, [580] n.
• Harris, Captain Joseph, condemned to death for striking to Spaniard, [512]
• Harvey, Sir William, [162]
• Harwich, [274], [699]
• Hastings, [33], [40], [41], [145] n., [544] n.
• Hatherly, Lord, on territorial sea, [586] n.
• Hautefeuille, on territorial sea, [601]
• Hawkins, Sir John, [5], [117]
• Hay, Sir George, [186]
• Hay, Sir John, [217], [218], [220] n., [221], [225] n., [227], [239] n.
• Headland doctrine, [360], [622], [624].
• See Bays.
• Heath, Attorney-General, [252]
• Heaton, Captain, [437]
• Hebrides, [153] n., [230], [234], [241] n., [301]
• Heemskerk, Jacob van, [5], [118], [183], [343]
• Heffter, on territorial sea, [600];
• on range of vision, [546]
• Helgeland, [108]
• Heneage, Lord, [728] n., [739]
• Henrietta Maria, Queen, [380], [382]
• Henry I., [16], [29], [31], [40], [41]
• Henry II., [28]
• Henry II. of France, [117]
• Henry III., [31], [66]
• Henry III. of France, [117]
• Henry IV., [43], [56], [67], [68], [69], [70]
• Henry IV. of France, [159], [204]
• Henry V., [8], [34], [41], [42], [43], [70], [108]
• Henry VI., [38], [70], [109]
• Henry VII., [63], [72], [73], [109], [387]
• Henry VIII., [62], [73], [75], [89], [109], [116]
• Henry, Prince, of Scotland, [81], [169]
• Herbert, Captain, [512]
• Herbert, Sir John, [146]
• Hermetra, [241] n.
• Herring busses, [74] n., [162], [447]
• Herring fishery. See Fisheries, herring.
• Herrings, commerce in, [61], [132], [242];
• price of, [97]
• Herschell, Lord, on territorial sea, [592] n., [731]
• Hervey, Lord, [202]
• Heywood, Thomas, [326] and n.
• Higgin, W. H., inquiry on North Sea fishery disputes, [631]
• Highlanders, [216], [242]
• Hitchcock, Captain Robert, [64], [95], [105], [125], [133], [136], [138], [203], [364] n.
• Hoek, Dr P. P. C., [707] n.
• Holland, [45], [60], [62], [64], [71], [72], [74] n., [75], [77], [78], [79], [81], [84], [92], [94], [95], [104], [125], [129], [132], [135], [139], [144], [151], [171], [172], [175], [190], [195], [197], [215], [292], [374], [384], [407], [433], [450], [460]
• Holland, Earl of, [77]
• Holland, fishery treaty with, [71], [72]
• Holland, Prof., [359] n.;
• on territorial sea, [691] n.
• Hollanders. See Dutch.
• Holmes, Captain Sir Robert, [455], [456] n., [458], [484], [485], [486]
• Hoorn, Simon van, [449] n.
• Horn, Andrew, [542]
• Hovering Acts, [593]
• Howard, Lord William, [117]
• Hübner, on territorial sea, [562]
• Hull, [43], [94], [96], [108], [194] n., [699]
• Humber, [133]
• Hume, [311] n.
• Huxley, Professor, [702] n.
• Hythe, [145] n.
• Iceland, [4], [28], [86], [88], [97], [108], [109], [112], [113], [133], [145], [247], [248], [339], [376];
• area of fishing-grounds at, [739];
• English fishermen attacked by Danes, [109], [110];
• English traffic with, [339];
• Danish claims at, [528], [529], [567];
• fisheries at, [57], [94];
• English at, [87], [89], [90], [113], [408];
• foreign trawlers at, [700], [707], [711], [714] n.;
• fishery dispute between Denmark and United Provinces, [529];
• fishery limit at, [647], [648];
• seven-mile limit, [739], [740] n.
• Idle persons, [98], [115], [116]
• Impressment of ships, [32]
• Indies, [107], [135], [215], [257], [341], [360], [457]
• Insecurity of sea, [247], [248], [249], [253]
• Institut de Droit International, on territorial sea, [689-692];
• articles on, [774]
• Intercursus Magnus, treaty, [72], [73], [80], [86], [157], [158], [256] n., [368], [386], [388], [394], [416], [425], [430], [449], [500]
• International fishery investigations. See Fisheries.
• International Law Association, on territorial sea, [689-692], [774];
• Articles on, [774]
• Inveraray, [83] n.
• Ipswich, [247]
• Ireland, [29], [70], [88], [97], [98], [143], [201], [226], [257], [359];
• fisheries, [92];
• oyster fisheries, [697];
• foreigners prohibited from fishing at, [33], [63];
• restrictions on trawling beyond three-mile limit, [716];
• Spanish fishings at, [67], [98];
• territoriality of oyster-beds, [620], [621]
• Irgens, J., Norwegian Minister for Foreign Affairs, [673] n.
• Isabel of Portugal, [70]
• Islay, [230]
• Isle of Man, fishery regulations, [698]
• Isle of May, fishing tithes, [59], [76]
• Italian jurists, [6], [35], [101], [347], [360], [539]
• Italian Republics, [3], [6], [340]
• Italy, [358];
• Customs jurisdiction, [594], [661];
• reciprocal rights of fishery with Austria, [659];
• territorial sea, [659]
• James I., [9], [17], [62], [73], [75], [81], [136], [257], [346], [347] n., [351], [353], [357]
• James I., a new policy, [118];
• antecedents of, [124];
• proclamation forbidding hostilities in King’s Chambers, [9], [119], [360], [750];
• concludes peace with Spain, [125];
• proclamation restraining foreigners from fishing on British coasts, [9], [145-148], [150], [541], [755];
• remit of Council on, [146];
• deliverance of Committee on, [147];
• attitude of French towards, [151];
• negotiations with Dutch, [151], [155-159], [170], [178-180], [185-194], [197], [198];
• proclamation suspended, [159];
• orders records to be searched, [162], [179], [187];
• grants of assize herrings, [165], [166];
• instructs assize herrings to be levied from foreign fishermen, [168], [757];
• indignation at capture of Brown, satisfaction demanded, [172], [174];
• forbids Scottish fishermen to fish within a land-kenning at the Faroes, [176];
• requests Dutch not to fish within sight of land, [176];
• requests Scottish Council to prevent the Hollanders fishing within sight of land, [178];
• again demands assize herrings from Dutch, [180];
• claims seas around Spitzbergen as British, [183];
• appoints commissioners to treat with Dutch envoys, [186];
• Dutch ambassadors without power to treat of herring fishery, [188], [189];
• indignation with Dutch ambassadors, [189];
• again gives way on the herring fishery question, [192];
• requests Dutch to prohibit fishing within fourteen miles, [192];
• negotiations with Dutch as to whale fishery, [193];
• Carleton advises fixing a limit, [193];
• Dutch agree to keep out of sight of shore, [193];
• orders assize herrings to be again collected, [194], [196];
• Dutch embassy appointed, [198];
• Dutch ambassadors without instructions to deal with fishery question, [199];
• speech to Dutch ambassadors, [199];
• indignation against Dutch, [200];
• Dutch ambassadors advise States-General to settle fishery question, [200];
• failure of policy of assize herring, [203]
• James II., [517]
• James III. of Scotland, [83]
• James V. of Scotland, [77], [78], [83], [218]
• James VI. of Scotland, treaty with Dutch, [80], [81]
• Jan Mayen, sealing at, [695];
• whaling at, [527]
• Japan, territorial sea, [661]
• Jenkins, Sir Leoline, judge of the High Court of Admiralty, judicial decisions regarding neutral waters, [553];
• plenipotentiary at Cologne, [498];
• on case of the Merlin, [480];
• on confiscation of Smyrna fleet, [486];
• on sovereignty of sea, [484] n.;
• on striking, [477], [480], [481], [501-503], [511], [512], [513]
• Jenkinson. See Lord Liverpool.
• Jennings, Edward, [115]
• Jersey, [36]
• Joachimi, Dutch ambassador, [155], [256], [301], [302], [304], [305], [306], [384]
• John’s ordinance, [6], [16];
• on striking, [39-43], [278], [365], [409]
• Johnsen, Hans, on Moray Firth, [728] n.
• Jongestal, Dutch ambassador, [415], [417], [433]
• Jonson, Ben, [115], [196] n.
• Juridical controversies about sovereignty of sea, [338-340], [410-413]
• Kanin, Cape, [657], [713]
• Kemble, [27], [28]
• Kennet, [311] n.
• Kent, on territorial sea, [599]
• Kerouaille, Mademoiselle de, [475]
• Ketelby, Captain, [281]
• Keymer, John, author of the “Raleigh” tract, [126], [127], [128] n., [131], [358]
• Killigrew, Sir William, [280]
• King James’s Newland, [183]
• King John’s ordinance. See John.
• King, Thomas, [446], [448]
• King’s Chambers, [50], [54], [209], [260], [262], [263], [359], [360], [373], [539], [553], [598], [622], [723] n.;
• declaration of Trinity House as to limits of, [753];
• description of, [120];
• defined by James I., [9], [118], [120];
• extent of, [122], [251];
• proclamation concerning, [251], [750];
• question of validity of, [576], [577];
• restricted to neutrality, [122], [251], [548];
• violation of, [10], [245], [247], [255], [256], [258], [259], [326], [328], [330-333], [336]
• Kirkelee, [49]
• Kishinouye, Dr, [661] n.
• Kleen, on territorial sea, [685]
• Klüber, on territorial sea, [597]
• Kronberg, striking at, [473], [520]
• Kyllachy, Lord, on territorial sea, [725]
• Lake, Sir Thomas, [359] n.
• Lampredi, on territorial sea, [562]
• Lampreys, [244]
• “Land-fishing” in Scotland, [222], [226]
• Land-kenning in Scotland, [77], [84], [144], [154], [175], [176], [177] n., [178], [192], [193], [211], [218], [221], [222] n., [223], [228], [235], [545], [546];
• at Faroes, [175].
• See Territorial Sea, Range of Vision.
• Land-van-Staten, [506], [508], [510], [515]
• Larrey, [311] n.
• Latour, on territorial sea, [595], [685]
• Laud, Archbishop, [243], [306], [314], [316], [368], [376] n.
• Lauderdale, Lord, [187], [483], [507]
• Laughton, Professor, [521] n.
• Law, early English, as to fishing, [66]
• Lawrence on territorial sea, [683], [688]
• Laws of Oleron, [6], [40], [42], [44] n., [51], [52], [54], [213], [363], [365]
• Laws of the Sea, old, [30], [52] n.
• Lawson, Vice-Admiral Sir John, [437], [456], [457] n., [463], [472]
• Leda, case of, [586] n.
• Lediard, [167] n., [311] n.
• Lefevre, Mr Shaw. See Lord Eversley.
• Leghorn, [402], [473]
• Leicester, Earl of, [96], [264] n.
• Lennox, Duke of, [130] n., [166], [168], [170], [172], [186], [195] and n., [230] n., [353], [461];
• grant of assize herrings to, [166], [168]
• Lent, [75], [87], [88], [114], [136], [214], [242], [244];
• difficulties in enforcing observance of, [114], [115];
• laxity of observance of, [88], [89];
• measures to enforce observance of, [88], [114].
• See also Political Lent.
• Leon, [32]
• “L’Espagnols sur Mer,” battle of, [37], [67]
• Levant, [340]
• Levi, Leoni, on territorial sea, [664] n.
• Lewes, [216], [217], [220], [221], [224], [227], [234], [235], [237], [241], [242]
• Lewis, [216], [217] and n.
• Leybourne, Lord William de, [45] n.
• Leyden, [73], [342]
• Libelle of Englyshe Polycye, [18], [30], [37], [38] n.
• Licenses for foreign fishermen, [62], [63], [111], [141], [210], [235], [257], [264], [288], [292], [294], [425], [426], [430], [453];
• for Dutch, [272], [488], [489];
• distributed to the busses, [300];
• sums received for, [309], [310], [311];
• offered to Dutch, [317];
• to French, [440], [454];
• to Swedes to fish in British seas, [427];
• Danish to fish at Iceland and northern seas, [108-112]
• Liens, Joachim, Dutch Ambassador, [185] n.
• Ligurian Sea, sovereignty of, [4], [339], [341], [371], [411]
• Lindsay, Thomas, [242]
• Lindsey, Earl of, [250], [256], [257], [267], [270], [271], [275] n., [282], [284], [286], [287], [380];
• appointed Admiral of the first ship-money fleet, [259];
• his instructions from the Admiralty, [260];
• private instructions from Charles I., [264];
• to force licenses on Dutch fishermen, [264];
• punctilios of, as to flags, extent of British Seas, [264], [265], [266], [269];
• dissatisfaction of Charles with, [268];
• and the Dutch herring busses, [272];
• proceedings of the fleet, [259-274]
• Lisle, Viscount, [428], [429]
• Liverpool, Lord, on neutral rights, [596]
• Lizard, [103], [122], [269], [437]
• Loccenius, on territorial sea, [550]
• Loch Broom, [83]
• Loch Fyne, [83], [153] n.
• Loch Maddy, [241] n.
• Lofoten Isles, [672]
• Logan, Sir Robert, [77] n.
• London, [7], [49], [50], [61], [88], [94], [96], [114], [124], [140], [189], [198], [199], [214], [223], [241], [266], [299] n., [330], [358], [384], [396], [404], [407], [428], [439], [443], [446], [448], [449];
• consumption of fish in, [87], [97];
• fish supply of, [131], [134], [144], [241] n.;
• and Fishery Society, [443];
• fishmongers of, [89]
• Long Parliament, [336], [414];
• attitude towards Sovereignty of Sea, [378], [379], [380], [381], [382]
• Lord Mayor, [115], [202], [214], [443], [448]
• Loreburn, Lord, on territorial sea, [732]
• “Lords of the Sea,” English kings as, [8], [28], [35], [36], [38] n., [39], [209], [210], [211], [244], [373]
• Lothian, Firth of, [153] n., [233], [235], [239]
• Lottery for Fishery Society, [244], [446], [447]
• Louis of Nassau, [449] n.
• Louis XIV., [463], [465], [474], [476], [483], [490], [493], [503], [518], [526];
• on fishery question, [453];
• intrigue with Charles, [459];
• reveals to Charles De Witt’s negotiations, [471];
• his policy, [474];
• declares war against States-General, [488];
• on striking, [518]
• Low Countries, [73], [77], [94];
• fisheries of, [98];
• fishermen of, [94], [100], [144].
• See also Dutch and Netherlands.
• Lowestoft, [249], [307], [469]
• Lucas farthing, [470] n.
• Lundy, Laird of, [188]
• Lushington, Dr, on territorial sea, [586] n.
• Lynn, [49], [77] n., [90], [108], [247]
• Mackerel fishery, [134], [150]
• MacLeod, Sir Reginald, [667] n., [673] n.
• Madrid, [150], [201], [253], [318]
• Mainwaring, Sir H., [65] n.
• Malynes, Gerard, [128] n., [130] n., [138] n., [160];
• on the appropriation of the sea, [358]
• Manning, on territorial sea, [600]
• Mansel, Sir Robert, [219] n.
• Mare Clausum, [11], [19], [20], [251], [254], [257], [258] n., [286], [287], [288], [289], [302], [315] n., [330], [365], [369], [375].
• See Selden.
• Mare Liberum, [255], [256] n., [257], [338], [340], [342], [374], [410].
• See Grotius.
• Margaret of Savoy, [73]
• Marine laws, [51], [52], [54]
• Maritime laws, [41], [42], [44]
• Marlborough, Duke of, [486] n., [531]
• Marion, Professor A. F., [667] n.
• Marten, Sir Henry, [155], [174], [244] n., [251], [263], [264], [278], [283], [288], [295]
• Martens, F., [194] n.
• Martens, G. F. von, on territorial sea, [563]
• Martens, Professor de, on territorial sea, [686], [688]
• Martin, Martin, [241] n.
• Martin, Sir Henry, [39], [119] n., [762]
• Mary, Queen, [64], [88], [91], [117], [141], [206]
• Mary, Queen, of Hungary and Bohemia, [80] and n.
• Mary Stuart, Queen, [79], [81], [83]
• Mason, Capt. John, [153] n., [167] n., [216], [219] n., [220] n., [241], [364] n.;
• grant of assize herrings to, [165], [166], [167] n.
• Massé, on territorial sea, [602]
• Masson, Professor, [195] n.
• Masterman, Captain Walter S., [711] n.
• Masterman, Dr A. T., [735] n.
• Maurice, Count, [173]
• Maximilian of Austria, [72]
• Meadows, Sir Philip, on sovereignty of sea, [397], [428] n., [510], [524], [694];
• proposes a convention for fishery limits, [525]
• Mechlin, [71]
• Medina Sidonia, Duke of, [142]
• Mediterranean, [28], [30], [134], [143], [340], [347], [372], [389], [437], [457], [485];
• striking in, See Striking.
• Meerman, Dutch ambassador, [483]
• Melrose, Earl of, [179] n.
• Mendoza, [107]
• Merchant Adventurers, [160], [292]
• Merchant Associations to secure the peace of the sea, [6], [30]
• Mercurius Politicus, [410]
• Merlin, the King’s yacht, [15], [477-482], [510];
• encounter with Dutch fleet, [479];
• inquiry by Sir Leoline Jenkins on, [480]
• Mervin, Sir Henry, [284], [287], [296], [297], [300], [327]
• Mexico, Customs jurisdiction, [594];
• pearl fisheries, [697];
• treaties with, [679] and n.
• Mid-line (Thalweg), [3], [101], [102], [111], [226], [361], [373], [541], [542], [652]
• Miles, Scots, [233] n.
• Milton, John, [410], [428] n., [524]
• Minch, [230]
• Mirror of Justice and mid-line, [542]
• Molloy, on sovereignty of sea, [514];
• on striking, [557]
• Monk, Duke of Albemarle, [408];
• on Dutch commerce, [457], [459]
• Monson, Sir William, [130] n., [132], [135], [143], [202], [204], [205], [206] n., [208], [216], [219] n., [259]
• Montague, General. See Earl of Sandwich.
• Monteith, Earl of, [224], [225] n., [239] n.
• Moore, on sovereignty of sea, [580] n.;
• on territorial sea, [691] n.
• Moray Firth, [233], [235], [239];
• prohibition of trawling within, [718], [720];
• foreign trawlers in, [647], [720-728];
• Norwegian-registered trawlers in, [721], [727];
• prosecution and conviction of foreign trawlers, [722], [723], [724], [727];
• case of Catalonia, [722];
• of Emmanuel Mortensen, [722], [724-727];
• of Martin Olsen, [722];
• of Niobe, [722], [724];
• of Pinewold, [723];
• of Verbena, [723];
• High Court of Justiciary decides prohibition applies to foreigners, [722], [724-727];
• protest by Norway, [727], [728];
• Norway favours a convention, [728], [730];
• and warns Norwegian trawlers to cease fishing in Moray Firth, [728];
• actions against British subjects on foreign trawlers, [728], [729];
• views of Foreign Office, [729], [730];
• proposal of International Council, [737];
• territoriality of, [723-728], [729], [732], [734];
• opinions of Scottish judges as to territoriality of, [724-727]
• Moray Firth, herring fishery in, [61]
• Morocco, [5], [256], [668];
• trawling at, [713]
• Morton, Earl of, [225] n., [239] n.
• Moser, on territorial sea, [562]
• Muncke, Levinus, [155], [156] n.
• Mundesley, [247]
• Murray, Captain David, [172], [195] n., [196]
• Muscovy Company, [160];
• whale fishery of, [181], [182], [183], [184], [194] n.
• Musselburgh, [175] n., [445]
• Nansen, Dr Fridtjof, Norwegian Minister, [673] n., [728]
• Nantes, [97]
• Narrow seas, the, [8], [18], [19], [26], [29], [30], [34], [36], [113], [212], [213], [214], [253], [256], [260], [261], [270], [274], [287], [324] n., [327], [328], [361], [363], [381], [408], [430], [458], [459] n.;
• description of, [18];
• herring fisheries in, [67];
• hostilities prohibited in, [261], [262], [263];
• prizes taken in, [359] n.;
• striking in, [204-206], [270], [402].
• See Channel.
• National Sea Fisheries Protection Association, [667] n., [706], [728] n., [740]
• Naval Salute. See Striking.
• Navare, Michel de, [49]
• Navigation, freedom of, [3], [5], [6], [8], [11], [20], [33], [34], [35], [43], [67], [86], [106], [158], [341], [346], [358], [360], [365], [421], [497], [676]
• Navigation Act of 1651, [391] and n., [392], [413], [416], [419];
• of 1660, [441], [451], [464]
• Navy, [2], [5], [10], [11], [22], [26], [27], [31], [32], [34], [58], [68], [91], [92], [113], [117], [134], [246], [251], [252], [255], [257], [286], [288], [379], [428], [475], [517], [523];
• under Charles I., [246];
• under Edward III., [33], [36], [38];
• under Henry IV., [68];
• under Henry VI., [38];
• complaint of Commons on, [38]
• Navy and fisheries, [428]
• Needham, Marchamont, [410], [411]
• Netherlands, [21], [74], [76], [78], [79], [81], [82], [93] n., [94], [105], [112], [125], [126], [127] n., [138], [144], [168], [185], [200], [203], [312], [380], [397];
• prohibit their fishermen from fishing within two leagues of Scottish coast, [605], [606];
• territorial sea, [658].
• See Dutch.
• Neutral waters, [22], [119], [120], [359] n., [548], [586], [622], [641] n., [665], [685], [775];
• decrees regarding, [569-571];
• limit of, [546];
• proclamations and decisions regarding, [553], [554];
• Scandinavian limit of, [568];
• treaties regarding, [571], [572];
• usage in seventeenth century, [552], [553], [554]
• Newcastle, [34] n., [96], [114], [248], [249], [252], [273] n., [428]
• Newfoundland, [86], [88], [92], [97], [113], [219], [589];
• fishery rights at, [531], [532]
• Nicholas, Secretary of Admiralty, [44] n., [213], [262], [263], [275] n., [278], [292], [295], [318], [322]
• Nicholl, Sir John, on territorial sea, [586] n.
• Nicolas, Sir N. H., [37], [45] n., [46] n., [53], [56]
• Nieuport, [60], [327], [400]
• Nieuport, William, Dutch ambassador, [395], [415], [417], [433]
• Nootka Sound, [573]
• Nordland, [108]
• Norfolk, [46] n., [63], [90], [94], [101], [162], [248]
• Norham, [60]
• Norman Conquest, [6], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [59], [372]
• Normandy, [29], [36], [43], [48], [50], [59], [62], [69], [74], [97], [103], [129], [213]
• Northampton, Earl of, [138], [353]
• North Cape, [58], [86], [478], [502], [503]
• North-east passage, [343]
• Northmen, sea power of, [26], [28]
• North Sea, [21], [22], [43], [246], [247], [382], [432], [434], [465], [466] n.;
• fisheries, [43], [60], [87], [89], [130], [131], [133], [408], [470];
• Conference at Hague on, 1881, [632];
• Fishery Convention, 1882, [634], [637], [638], [639], [644], [721], [722], [725], [726], [735], [737];
• defects in definitions, [641];
• question of limit of exclusive fishing on other coasts, [643], [644], [645], [646];
• Sweden and Norway decline to join, [636];
• development of trawling in, [699], [700];
• impoverishment of fishing-grounds in, [706-710], [711], [738], [739] n.
• Northumberland, Earl of, [131], [243], [264], [266] n., [278], [279], [319], [320], [322], [323], [327], [379], [380], [388], [425], [426], [557];
• appointed admiral of second ship-money fleet, [287];
• instructions of Admiralty, [289], [290];
• instructions from Charles, [295];
• proceedings of fleet in Channel, [290], [291];
• proceedings of fleet against Dutch fishermen, [295-300], [307-311];
• forces licenses on Dutch fishermen, [12], [291], [296], [297], [298], [299], [300], [301], [308];
• appointed admiral of the third ship-money fleet, [319];
• appointed Lord High Admiral, [329]
• Norway, [34], [45], [169] n., [339], [527];
• area of fishing-grounds, [738];
• Customs jurisdiction, [594];
• declines three-mile limit, [633], [678];
• declines to adhere to North Sea Convention, [636], [783];
• disputes with England as to fisheries, [108], [110];
• fisheries, [92];
• fisheries in Vestfjord, [672], [677];
• fishery limit early fixed, [528];
• special fishery limits, [671], [672], [678], [679];
• foreign trawlers seized for illegal fishing, [680];
• registered trawlers in Moray Firth, [721], [727], [728];
• sovereignty of sea of, [4];
• territorial sea, [653], [669-681], [685];
• method of computing, [653], [655], [669], [670], [676], [678], [685];
• respected by foreign fishermen, [677], [678]
• Norwegian Sea, sovereignty over, [4], [16]
• Nottingham, Earl of, [206], [353]
• Nova Zembla, [184]
• Okhotsk, Sea of, foreigners fishing in, [585]
• Oldenbarneveldt. See Barneveldt.
• Oldys, [127] n.
• Oleron, Laws of. See Laws.
• Onward Ho! case of, [657] n.
• Oppenheim, on territorial sea, [688]
• Oquendo, Don Antonio de, [330-334]
• Orange, Prince of, [190], [197], [303], [306], [314], [315] n., [384], [387], [422], [430], [433], [434], [460], [462], [490], [491], [492], [503], [517]
• Orfordness, [49], [277], [553]
• Orkney, [88], [108], [126], [165], [169], [180], [201], [215], [221], [227], [230], [234], [406]
• Orkney, Earl of, [169] n.
• Ormonde, Marquis of, [450]
• Ortolan, on territorial sea, [601]
• Orwell, [54]
• Ossory, Lord, [485], [486] n.
• Ostend, [43], [309]
• Ouwers, Egidio, [273] n.
• Overbury, Sir Thomas, [127] n.
• Over-Yssel, [81]
• Owen, Captain, [382]
• Oxford, [358]
• Oyster fisheries, special treatment of, [657];
• question of territoriality of Irish, [620], [621];
• reserved for French, [612], [619], [620]
• Pacius, on Venetian dominion of sea, [351]
• Palatinate, [198], [199], [210], [253], [265], [271], [274], [275], [286], [302], [305], [306], [314], [315], [316], [331]
• Papal Bulls, [5], [105], [106], [107], [339], [342], [344], [372]
• Pardessus, [41], [42]
• Parliament, [67], [77] n., [116], [211], [214], [367], [409], [414], [443], [449], [457], [458], [475], [483], [492], [493], [503], [506], [532];
• on safeguarding the sea, [34];
• petitions for dues on navigation of Channel, [35];
• on navy, [38]
• Parliament of Ireland, [33], [63]
• Parliament of Scotland, [82], [218], [220], [221], [222], [223], [224], [225]
• Parry, Sir Thomas, [155]
• Pauw, Adrian, Dutch ambassador, [405], [414]
• Pearl fisheries, [697];
• Vattel on, [560]
• Pedrogue, John de, [45] n., [49], [50]
• Pembroke, Earl of, [227], [239] n., [240-244], [446]
• Pendennis Castle, [280]
• Penn, Sir William, [383], [408], [456]
• Pennington, Sir John, [208], [212], [244], [259], [261], [264], [274], [275] n., [287], [290], [296], [297], [321], [322], [324], [327], [328], [379], [403];
• instructions as to striking, [261-263], [276], [277];
• suggestion as to neutral waters round a King’s ship, [262];
• on striking, [277], [278], [279], [280], [283];
• action at Battle of Downs, [329-335]
• Pepys, Samuel, [312] n., [513], [514];
• on Fishery Society, [447] n., [448], [449];
• on striking, [456];
• on second Dutch war, [458], [459];
• on state of navy, [517]
• Perels, on territorial sea, [652], [684], [688]
• Perkins, Sir Christopher, [146], [155]
• Perre, Van de, Dutch ambassador, [391], [415]
• Petersen, Gisbert, fishing license to, [460]
• Philip, Archduke of Austria, [72]
• Philip the Fair, [44]
• Philip II., [64], [81], [107], [141], [205], [425], [426], [544]
• Philip III., [350]
• Philip IV., [350]
• Phillimore, [312] n.;
• on territorial sea, [682]
• Picardy, [29], [62], [74], [88], [103], [130]
• Picaroons, [273], [276]
• Pilchard, [134], [143], [227], [235], [447]
• Piracy, prevalence of, [4], [5], [7], [30], [43]
• Pirates, [68], [72] n., [78], [79], [82], [91], [247], [253], [254], [260], [269], [274], [284] n., [291], [292], [327], [339], [390], [421], [456], [471]
• Pistoye and Duverdy, on territorial sea, [602]
• Pitt, on fishery arrangements with France, [532]
• Pittenweem, [59], [175] n.
• Plague, [299] n.
• Plancius, [183]
• Plantagenets, [8], [11], [30], [43], [75], [209], [211], [213], [258], [368], [421]
• Plegher, [80]
• Plowden, on sea of England, [102], [111], [361], [543]
• Plumleigh, Captain, [208], [277], [280]
• Plymouth, [33], [117], [267], [268], [327]
• Poland, [61];
• claim to Baltic, [4], [371], [377]
• Political Lent, the, [87], [88], [89], [112], [114]
• Pontalis, on fishery question, [453] n.
• Pontanus, J. I., on Selden’s Mare Clausum, [376], [550]
• Pope, the, [28], [105], [106], [107], [212], [277] n., [339], [371]
• Popham, Col. Edward, [382]
• Porpoise, [88]
• Portland, [267]
• Portland Castle, [256], [279]
• Portland, Earl of, [239] n., [241], [253]
• Portsmouth, [114], [408]
• Portsmouth, Duchess of, [475]
• Portugal, [91], [268];
• area of fishing-grounds, [738];
• fishermen visit British coasts, [129];
• and Irish coast, [98];
• fishery treaty with, [67];
• foreign trawlers at, [713];
• claim to sovereignty of sea, [5], [86], [105-108], [112], [340], [343], [344], [350];
• territorial sea, [569], [664], [668]
• Pradier-Fodéré, on territorial sea, [684], [688]
• Prerogative of crown, [236]
• Pribilov Islands, [695]
• Privateers, [462]
• Prize, law of, [359] n.
• Prussia, [34], [216];
• fishermen on British coasts, [605]
• Prynne, Keeper of the Records, [17], [25], [27] n., [39], [43], [44] n., [213], [326] n., [352] n., [367] and n.;
• on the sovereignty of the sea, [493]
• Puffendorf, on territorial sea, [551]
• Quarantine Acts, [594]
• Rainsford, Richard, [64], [138], [141], [142], [145], [159]
• Raleigh, Sir Walter, [127] and n., [136], [204], [413]
• Raleigh tract. See Keymer.
• Ramsgate, [699]
• Range of guns, Grotius on, [349];
• range of modern guns, [21];
• range of gun limit, [549];
• range of guns and salute, [473] n.;
• range of vision, [175], [193], [544];
• claimed by Denmark, [529];
• Grotius on, [347];
• old English law, [544];
• prescribed by Philip II., [544]
• See Land-kenning and Territorial sea.
• Rapin, [167] n., [311] n.
• Rayneval, on range of vision, [546];
• on territorial sea, [596]
• Reddie, on territorial sea, [600]
• Reformation, [67];
• influence of, on fisheries, [75], [87], [89], [92]
• Reprisals between Scots and Dutch, [77], [78], [79], [84];
• between traders, [53], [54]
• Reserved waters. See Scotland.
• Restoration, the, [14], [441]
• Revocation, Act of, [226]
• Rhé, Isle de, [246], [290]
• Richard I., [32], [40], [41], [51], [52]
• Richard II., [33], [62], [363]
• Richard III., [63], [72] n.
• Richelieu, Cardinal, [12], [210], [246], [261], [270], [271], [272], [273], [275], [276] n., [283], [291], [314], [526]
• Right of fishery. See Fishery.
• Right of search, [13], [330], [389], [393]
• Rio de la Plata, territoriality of, [663]
• Ripperda, Joachim, Dutch ambassador, [449]
• Rivalry in trade between English and Dutch, [10], [441], [457]
• Rochelle, [97], [267], [276] n., [290]
• Roe, Sir Thomas, [240], [276], [303], [306], [314], [315], [316] n., [323], [324]
• Roman law as to sea, [3], [344], [353], [356], [360], [539];
• as to fishing, [66]
• Romans and sovereignty of sea, [26]
• Rool d’Oleron. See Laws of Oleron.
• Rose, Richard, [324] n.
• Rosny, Sieur de, [204]
• Rostock, [195]
• Rotterdam, [79], [171], [327], [397] n., [511]
• Rouen, [61]
• Royal fishery, Pepys on, [447] n., [448]
• Roxburgh, Earl of, [225] n., [239] n.
• Rupert, Prince, [382], [493]
• Russia, [29], [61], [110], [142], [158], [358];
• Behring Sea question, [581], [582];
• Company, see Muscovy Company;
• Customs limit, [656], [657] n.;
• territorial sea, [656]
• Ruyter, Captain, [298] n., [304]
• Rye, [33], [54], [65], [145] n., [483]
• Ryley, William, Keeper of the Records, [409], [410] n.
• Ryswick, [466] n.
• Saen, Joris van der, [402], [404]
• St Andrews, [352]
• St George’s Channel, [142]
• St John, Lord Chief-Justice, [72];
• proceeds to The Hague, [384];
• negotiations with Dutch, [385-390];
• his proposals for alliance and coalescence, [385];
• Intercursus Magnus taken as basis of treaty, [386], [387];
• his seven articles, [387];
• the Dutch thirty-six articles, [388];
• abstract of, [764];
• as to fishing, [388], [389];
• Dutch proposals as to sovereignty of sea, [389];
• for a joint fleet to police the seas, [389], [395];
• Dutch withdraw proposal as to striking, [390];
• failure of negotiations, [390];
• leaves The Hague, [391]
• St Lo, Captain George, on fishery limit at Yarmouth, [546] n.
• Safe-conducts for fishing, [7], [33], [74]
• Salisbury, Earl, [64], [130] n., [150], [151], [155], [159], [223], [227] n., [359] n., [360];
• on 100-mile limit, [541]
• Salisbury, Marquis of, on territorial sea, [592], [731]
• Salisbury, Miss E., [45] n.
• Salmon fishing, [26], [233], [234], [235]
• Salute. See Striking.
• Sandwich, [73];
• Knut’s grant of, [542]
• Sandwich, Earl of, [438], [463], [472]
• Saracens, [5], [339]
• Sarpi, on territorial sea, [547]
• Savage, Viscount, [239] n.
• Savoy, Duke of, [540]
• Scania, [34], [362] n.;
• decline of herring fishery at, [61]
• Scarborough, [49], [89], [108], [142], [247], [250], [256], [273], [274], [322];
• castle, [64]
• Scaw, three-mile limit at, varies, [640] n.
• Schaep, Dutch ambassador, [391]
• Schelde, [28]
• Scheveningen, [460]
• Schiedam, [78], [79], [318], [397] n.
• Schmalz, on territorial sea, [597]
• Scilly Isles, [269], [390], [398], [399]
• Scotland, [48], [49], [59], [88];
• Draft Treaty of Union with England, 1604, [84], [192], [223], [227], [228], [230], [232], [694];
• fish exported from, [61];
• fisheries of, [93];
• importance of, [76];
• claim to, [76], [82];
• exclusive spirit as to, [76];
• policy towards, [82];
• treaties regarding, [75-82];
• foreigners at West Coast fishings, [83], [130];
• jealousy of foreign fishermen, [77], [124];
• fishing in bays and lochs prohibited, [202];
• attacks on Dutch fishermen, [77];
• complaints against Dutch fishermen, [144], [168], [177], [201], [234], [301];
• complaints against French fishermen, [606], [617];
• Dutch edicts re fishing, [201];
• old fishery limits, [226-229];
• old limit against Dutch, [83], [84];
• herring fishery in, [59], [61], [76], [79], [83], [143], [221] n.;
• extra-territorial jurisdiction in, [698];
• instructions of Privy Council re assize herrings, [757];
• fishery Acts, [76];
• fishery scheme, [225], [227];
• fishery society, [444];
• fishing in lochs claimed, [218];
• “land fishing” described, [222] and n.;
• land-kenning, see Land-kenning;
• limits of territorial sea, [226], [227], [228], [229], [230];
• limit of [14] miles in Draft Treaty of Union, [223];
• limit of two leagues fixed by Dutch, [605], [606];
• reserved waters, [77], [84], [209], [211], [218], [220], [222], [223], [226-230], [234], [236-238], [445], [547]
• Scotland, royal burghs, [76], [216], [217], [220], [221];
• ask that the Dutch be removed within a land-kenning, [221];
• and fishery society, [445];
• oppose assize herrings, [166];
• territoriality of firths, [692];
• trawling restrictions on, [715], [716];
• Fishery Board empowered to restrict, [717];
• Bill to extend prohibition of, [720];
• Act fixing thirteen-mile limit for, [720];
• treaties with the Dutch, [188] n.
• Scotland, Sea Fisheries Regulation Act, 1895, [592]
• Scott, Thomas, [284]
• Scott, Sir William. See Stowell, Lord.
• Scottish Seas, the, [226]
• Scudamore, Lord, [272]
• Sea, appropriation of, [537], [539];
• in Middle Ages, [3];
• reasons for, [5];
• Roman law on, [539], [541];
• opinions of Italian jurists, [101], [104];
• opinions of modern jurists on, [552];
• Bynkershoek, [555];
• Callis, [363];
• Lord Chief-Justice Coke on, [363];
• Gentilis on, [358], [359];
• Graswinckel on, [411], [412];
• Loccenius, [550];
• Puffendorf, [550];
• Lord Salisbury on, [361];
• Selden, [370-374];
• Lord Stair, [545] n.;
• Vattel, [560]
• Sea, exhaustibility of. See Fisheries.
• Sea, “High Seas,” [50], [54]
• Sea, insecurity of, [5], [6], [30], [53], [54], [57], [70], [247-257]
• Sea, measures for guarding, [31], [32], [33], [34]
• Sea, sovereignty of. See Sovereignty.
• Sea of England, [7], [8], [9], [11], [20], [31], [41], [101], [209];
• extent of, [15], [16], [54], [55], [56];
• seizure of ships in, by Grimbald, [49], [50];
• sovereign lordship of, [43], [46], [51], [54], [55];
• Callis on, [363];
• Plowden on, [102];
• terms applied to, [16], [17];
• the “Two Seas,” [17];
• the “Three Seas,” [17];
• the “Four Seas,” [17], [18], [251]
• Sea, property in bed of, [362]
• Seaforth, Earl of, [216], [220], [221], [222] n.
• Sealing, [695], [696]
• Seals, [88]
• Seas, British, extent of, [15], [16], [18], [19], [20], [26], [208], [264] and n., [381], [418], [419], [429], [431-437], [459] n., [465], [466] and n., [469], [470], [477], [495], [505], [506] and n., [510], [515], [521];
• Admiralty on, [437], [438];
• reluctance of Admiralty to define, [20], [264] and n.;
• boundaries intentionally left undefined, [20];
• Dee on extent of, [101-103];
• dispute as to extent of, [437];
• Richard Cromwell on extent of, [438];
• Thurloe on extent of, [434];
• Trinity House on extent of, [20], [477], [478];
• on striking in, [469], [470], [501-505];
• claim to, gradually died out, [21]
• Sebastian, King, [107]
• Secretary for Scotland, [219], [227] n., [232]
• Seine, [26], [28]
• Seines, Bill to prohibit, within ten miles, [444] n.
• Selden, [11], [17], [20], [25], [26], [31], [32], [33], [34], [39], [41], [43], [44], [45] n., [48], [49], [55], [56], [62], [64] n., [66], [119] n., [183], [186] n., [213], [251], [254], [258] n., [279], [286], [305], [352] n., [353], [363], [410] n., [456], [469], [546], [550], [551];
• controversy with Graswinckel, [411], [412];
• imprisonment and release of, [367];
• requested by Charles to write Mare Clausum, [366];
• on British seas, [19];
• on English sovereignty of sea, [373], [374];
• on exhaustibility of sea, [372];
• Mare Clausum, [11], [20], [254], [258] n., [315] n., [330], [389], [425], [456], [502], [504], [509] n., [543];
• history of, [365], [366];
• publication of, [288], [367];
• political importance of, [368], [369];
• importance of, in English law, [369], [374];
• satisfaction of Charles with, [368], [369];
• arguments of, [369-374];
• anxiety in Holland about, [374], [375];
• translated, [410]
• Semeyns, Meynert, [242] n.
• Servat, William, [50]
• Seven Stones Rocks, territoriality of, [642], [643]
• Shaftesbury, Earl of, [492];
• on the Dutch, [506]
• Sheerness seized by Dutch, [459]
• Shetlands, [4], [76], [88], [89], [90] n., [108], [113], [126], [129], [131], [151], [165], [169], [180], [201], [215], [221], [227], [230], [234], [238], [241], [406], [443], [534]
• Shields, [84]
• Ship-money, [324], [329], [379]
• Ship-money fleet, first, [256], [259] n.;
• object of, [260], [264], [265];
• proceedings of, [265], [266], [267], [268], [269], [270], [271], [272], [273], [274];
• failure of, [274], [275].
• See Lindsey.
• Second, [286];
• its object, [287], [288];
• opinion of Admiralty on convoying foreign vessels, [288], [289], [762];
• on protecting foreign licensed fishermen, [288], [762];
• proceedings of fleet, [290], [291], [295-301], [307-311];
• failure to meet with French, [290];
• instructions of Charles as to foreign fishermen, [295];
• licenses distributed to Dutch herring busses, [298], [300], [308];
• amount received as convoy and license-money, [309], [310], [311].
• See Northumberland.
• Third, [319], [323].
• Fourth, [327].
• Ship-money writs, [36] n., [211], [253], [254], [286]
• Ships, impressment of, [32]
• Shookius, [550]
• Shovel, Sir Cloudesley, [520]
• Shrewsbury, Duke of, [520]
• Sicily, [29]
• Skagerrack, [438] and n.;
• territoriality of, [636], [653]
• Sleeve, the, [260]
• Slingsby, Capt., [327]
• Sluys, battle of, [36], [37], [38]
• Smeerenburg, [194] n.
• Smith, Captain John, [312] n., [494]
• Smith, Lieut. Thomas, dismissed for forcing French to strike, [521]
• Smith, Northumberland’s Secretary, [328], [331], [332]
• Smith, Simon, [242] n., [244] n., [442], [443] n., [448]
• Smyrna fleet, [485], [486], [487]
• Society of Fishing Merchants, [138], [159]
• Solebay, battle of, [489]
• Solinus, [25]
• Somerset, Earl of, [56] n.
• Sommelsdijck, Lord of. See Aerssen.
• Sound, the sovereignty over, [4], [8], [16], [108];
• toll levied at the, [4], [8], [35], [91], [108], [110], [154], [190], [339], [501]
• South America, territorial sea, [661]
• Southampton, [68], [73], [94]
• Southwold, [90] n., [534]
• “Sovereign of the Seas,” the, [28], [326]
• Sovereignty of the sea, among ancients, [371] n., [373]
• Sovereignty of sea, decadence of claim to, [15], [517], [522], [523], [566]
• Sovereignty of sea, juridical controversies about, [5], [410-413];
• liberty of navigation, [8], [11], [33], [34], [54].
• See Navigation.
• Sovereignty of the sea, meaning of, [2];
• striking as a symbol of, [39]
• Sovereignty of sea, treatises on, [364] n.
• Sovereignty of the sea, Barrère on, [595];
• Blackstone, [580] n.;
• Boroughs, [364-366];
• Champagne, [595], [596];
• Chitty, [580] n.;
• Secretary Coke, [272];
• Cromwell, [423], [424];
• Dr Dee, [99], [103];
• De Witt, [454], [468], [470];
• Evelyn, [514];
• English writers, [493], [494], [513];
• Gentilis, [359];
• Hall, [580] n.;
• Hargrave, [580] n.;
• Italian jurists, [6];
• Jenkins, [484] n.;
• Loccenius, [550];
• Molloy, [514];
• Moore, [580] n.;
• naval historians on, [521];
• Selden, [370-374];
• Stubbe, [496-498];
• Wicquefort, [495];
• Baltic, [4], [33], [552];
• Bothnian Gulf, [4]
• Sovereignty of sea, Denmark, [4], [8], [16], [33], [105], [108], [158], [339], [371], [376], [530], [552], [567];
• contested by Elizabeth, [86];
• England, origin of English claims, [6], [29], [30];
• nature of, [8], [30];
• defects of, [33];
• early history of, [25];
• under ancient Britons, [25], [26];
• under Romans, [25], [365];
• under Anglo-Saxons, [26];
• under King Edgar, [27];
• before Norman Conquest, [27];
• after Norman Conquest, [29];
• under Plantagenet Kings, [30], [40], [51], [52];
• rolls concerning, [8], [43], [44], [45], [740], [744];
• not claimed, by Tudors, [86], [111];
• importance of claim under Stuarts, [9], [10], [118];
• claimed as a prerogative of the crown, [211];
• aimed against Dutch, [10], [125];
• extravagant claims under Charles I., [209], [251], [264], [274];
• under the Commonwealth, [378-382], [394], [395], [409], [412];
• under Charles II., [441], [458], [487], [488];
• decadence of claim, [15], [517], [522], [523];
• of France, [287];
• of Genoa, [4], [339], [341], [371];
• of Norway, [4], [16], [530];
• of Pisans, [371];
• Poland, [4], [377];
• Portugal, [5], [105-108], [112], [338], [339], [341], [371], [552];
• Spain, [5], [105-108], [112], [118], [158], [330], [339], [341], [371], [552];
• Sweden, [4], [350], [552];
• Tuscans, [371];
• Venice, [3], [4], [8], [16], [33], [338], [339], [341], [350], [351], [351] n., [371], [552], [566]
• Sowe. See Zowe.
• Spain, [20], [30], [33], [45], [57], [87], [91], [95], [107], [189], [198], [199], [203], [205], [212], [245], [247], [253], [255], [264], [266], [268], [275], [286], [304], [493];
• claim to sovereignty of sea, [5], [86], [105-108], [112], [118], [188], [339];
• fisheries, [92];
• area of fishing-grounds, [738];
• foreign trawlers at, [713];
• fishermen of, on British coasts, [67], [129], [150];
• peace with England, [125], [358];
• war with United Provinces, [9], [119], [139], [148], [201], [243] n., [251];
• territorial sea, [644-668];
• limits of, [569], [664];
• Customs limit, [594];
• disputes with Great Britain and United States as to territorial sea, [664], [665]
• Spaniards forced to strike, [117], [206]
• Spanish Netherlands, [266], [272], [275]
• Spanish whalers at Spitzbergen, [182], [183] n.
• Spelman, [27]
• Spitzbergen, [4];
• whaling at, [112], [164], [181], [182-185], [193], [194], [194] n., [198], [199], [200], [527].
• See also Greenland.
• Spragge, Sir Edward, [485], [489]
• Sprat fishery, [133]
• Stair, Lord, on territorial limit, [545] n.
• Star Chamber, [243]
• Start, the, [260]
• State merchant, [136]
• States-General of the United Provinces, [84], [178], [186], [190], [192], [258], [292], [343], [351], [415], [481];
• conclude treaty with James VI., [81];
• conclude peace with Spain, [148];
• consider James’s proclamation on unlicensed fishing, [148], [150];
• decide to maintain freedom of fishing on British coast, [151];
• send embassy to James about, [155];
• arguments used, [155], [159];
• proclamation suspended, [159];
• apologise for the capture of Brown, [173];
• send the Captain responsible to London, [174];
• publish an edict forbidding their fishermen to interfere with Scottish fishermen, 179:
• negotiations with James, [189];
• disputes as to whale fishing at Spitzbergen, [181-185];
• send another embassy to London, [185];
• no instructions as to fishery question, [188], [189];
• order their fishermen to keep out of sight of shore, [193];
• send another embassy to James, [199];
• again without instructions as to fishery question, [199], [200];
• renew their edicts and order their fishermen not to go too near Scottish coast, [201];
• proceedings regarding licenses of Charles I., [301], [302], [303], [304], [305], [312], [313], [314], [315];
• instructions to Evertsen as to striking, [399];
• to Tromp, [399], [402] n., [405];
• send Van Dorp to protect the busses from Northumberland, [300];
• order Van Dorp to prevent acceptance of licenses, [312], [313];
• send Aerssen van Sommelsdijck as ambassador, [336];
• on Selden’s ‘Mare Clausum,’ [375];
• resolve to increase their fleet, [393];
• and question of striking, [390], [392];
• attitude to the Parliament, [381];
• send ambassador to London, [384];
• negotiations with St John, [384-391];
• another embassy to London, [391];
• consider and postpone question of striking, [392], [399];
• resolve to strengthen their fleet, [393];
• negotiations interrupted by Tromp’s encounter with Blake, [397];
• disown Tromp’s action, [405];
• instruct him to strike, [405];
• send the Grand Pensionary to London, [405];
• recall ambassador and prepare for war, [405], [406];
• send four deputies to the Parliament, [415];
• negotiations for peace, [414-435];
• peace concluded, [435]
• States-General and Charles II., action on fishery Bill, [449], [450], [451];
• embargo on fisheries, [460], [462];
• propose freedom of fishing during war, [461], [462];
• differences with France as to, [463];
• decision as to striking, [469], [481];
• orders to their men-of-war on striking, [473];
• drawn into dispute about striking, [482];
• yield as to striking, [483], [484];
• sue for peace, [490];
• terms offered, [490];
• reject terms, [491];
• negotiations for peace, [498-506];
• peace concluded, [508]
• States-General. See Dutch, Netherlands, United Provinces.
• States of Holland, [151], [155], [190], [303], [375], [384], [398], [407], [414]
• Stebbing, [127] n.
• Stephens, Violet, [139]
• Stewart, Lord Robert, [169] n.
• Stirling, Viscount, [239] n.
• Stornoway, [216], [242]
• Stowell, Lord, decisions respecting territorial limit, [577], [578], [641] n., [681], [682];
• on three-mile limit, [641] n.
• Straddling, Captain, [207] n., [282], [327]
• Straits of Dover. See Dover.
• Strange, Lady, [283]
• Stratherne, Earl of, [239] n.
• Strauchius, [550]
• Strickland, Walter, [384], [392], [429]
• Striking as an acknowledgment of maritime sovereignty, [3], [210];
• origin of, [7], [42], [207];
• first instance of, [43];
• John’s ordinance on, [39-43];
• under Tudors, [116];
• under Henry VIII., [116];
• opposed by French, [117];
• under Elizabeth, [117], [204];
• under James I., [204-208]
• Striking under Charles I., [11], [12], [210], [212];
• becomes very prominent, [276];
• arrogance of English officers regarding, [280], [281], [282];
• under Commonwealth, [378], [380], [381];
• under Charles II., [496];
• James II. and after, [552];
• decay of claim to, [327], [518], [519], [522];
• abandoned after Trafalgar, [15], [523];
• Admiralty instructions concerning, [260], [261], [277], [278], [380-383], [456], [469], [523] n.
• Striking, rules and customs of, [206-208], [277], [278], [398], [463], [464], [466], [469-472], [481];
• not well understood, [277], [456], [466], [469], [470], [478], [479]
• Striking at foreign ports and coasts, [278], [279], [280], [281], [282], [327], [381], [473], [477], [557];
• before forts, [256], [279], [280], [472];
• in British seas, [502], [503];
• in Mediterranean, [327], [413], [456], [468], [473], [488];
• in narrow seas, [206], [207] n., [208], [277], [402]
• Striking by merchant vessels, [206], [207], [282], [513];
• British, [260], [275], [283], [284], [285], [519];
• foreign, [207], [275], [513]
• Striking by Danes, [266], [282];
• claim to, by Danes, [473], [520];
• by Dunkirkers, [275], [282], [327]
• Striking by Dutch, [12], [13], [117], [204], [205], [208], [267], [269], [270], [276], [277], [279], [280], [281], [300], [327], [328], [330], [334], [383], [390], [392], [397], [398], [400-403], [437], [438], [449], [452], [455-457], [466-469], [472], [473], [477-481], [485], [486], [490], [491] n., [495], [501], [510-513], [520];
• States-General consider question, [390], [392], [397];
• De Witt’s proposals regarding, [467], [468], [469], [470];
• on striking to a frigate or ketch, [468-470];
• question of whole fleet to single ship, [477], [478], [479], [482];
• terms offered Dutch, [490], [491] n.;
• offer to strike in all seas, [432], [505], [506], [510];
• by Dutch to French, [276] and n.;
• by English to Dutch, [512]
• Striking by French, [117], [204], [212], [267], [270] and n., [271], [272], [275], [276], [279], [280], [283], [291], [313], [327], [332], [333], [471], [477], [488], [512], [513], [518], [520], [521];
• French demand salute from English vessels, [212];
• force English merchant vessels to strike, [268], [277], [283], [327];
• by Hamburgers, [117];
• by Spaniards, [205], [327], [330], [477];
• by English to Spaniards, [512];
• by Swedes, [382], [455], [456] n., [520]
• Striking, Bynkershoek on, [556];
• Jenkins on, [480], [481];
• jurists on, [557];
• Molloy on, [515];
• Wicquefort on, [495];
• Duke of York on, [469]
• Striking, treaties regarding, [382], [455], [508], [517], [522-572] n.
• Striking, arrangement between Charles and Louis, [488]
• Striking, arrangement between France and the United Provinces proposed, [452]
• Striking, differences between French and Dutch as to, [452], [463]
• Striking, French edicts on, [513]
• Striking, Richelieu’s proposals, [271], [272]
• Striking, Tromp’s memorandum on, [398], [770]
• Stuarts, the, [9], [57], [65], [118], [378]
• Stubbe, Henry, on sovereignty of sea, [496], [497], [498]
• Sturgeon, [66], [88], [363]
• Stypmannus, [550]
• Suffolk, [63], [94], [101], [248], [462]
• Suffolk, Earl of, [227]
• Sully, Duke of, [204]
• Sunderland, [249]
• Sweden, [60], [62], [142], [158], [358], [474], [490], [498];
• asks for and obtains liberty of fishing in British seas, [427];
• claim to sovereignty of sea, [4], [350], [377];
• and striking, [208], [382];
• territorial sea, [653], [664], [669], [674], [675];
• method of computing, [669];
• Customs limit, [594];
• declines to adhere to North Sea Convention, [636]
• Taurus, case of, [640]
• Taxation of foreign fishermen, [203]
• Teind fish, [195], [196]
• Temple, Lady, [478], [479], [480]
• Temple, Sir William, [470], [481];
• on striking, [467], [468];
• concludes Triple Alliance, [474];
• recalled from The Hague, [476];
• negotiates peace, [508];
• on the article regarding striking, [509], [510]
• Territorial sea, agreements between Great Britain and Germany, [634], [652];
• Anglo-Danish Convention concerning Iceland and Faroes, [647], [648];
• boundaries begin to be fixed, [554], [573];
• by treaty, [526], [565];
• Gulf Stream as a boundary, [575], [650];
• British Foreign Office on, [665], [667] and n., [730], [731], [732], [738];
• wishes territorial waters in North Sea to remain undefined, [632], [633], [634];
• Parliamentary Committee recommend extension of, [707] and n.
• Territorial sea, bays, and gulfs, [77], [348], [544], [545], [547], [548], [552], [574], [575], [581], [585], [589], [598], [599], [601-603], [610], [614], [619] n., [622-630], [632-634], [639], [649], [652], [666], [668], [670], [678], [718], [723], [725], [726], [730];
• of Bengal, [625];
• Biscay, [564], [625];
• Bothnia, Gulf of, [564];
• Cancale, see Granville;
• Chaleurs, [623], [624], [628], [629], [630], [692];
• Conception, [588], [589];
• Delaware, [574], [599], [629];
• Fundy, [623-625];
• Granville, [612], [619], [692];
• Hudson’s, [561];
• of Argentina, [661];
• Norway, [670], [672], [674], [677];
• Scotland, firths, [222], [223], [230], [233], [239], [545], [622], [692];
• Moray Firth, [721].
• See also Fisheries and King’s Chambers.
• Territorial sea, British Foreign Office on, [629], [730], [731] and n., [732], [733];
• delimitation of North American, [622], [627-630];
• French Government on, [632];
• Hague Tribunal on, [732];
• Institut de Droit International on, [691], [775];
• International Law Association on, [691], [775];
• inter fauces terræ, [544], [547];
• measurement of, [639];
• old English law regarding, [547];
• omitted in Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, [593];
• principles regarding, [548];
• six-mile line for, [627], [629], [630], [632], [730], [731];
• treaty stipulation in 1521, [548];
• usage regarding, [547], [548]
• Territorial sea, closed seas, [339], [564], [572], [582], [584], [585], [598], [657];
• straits, [547], [561], [564], [586], [692], [776]
• Territorial sea, Dano-Swedish limit in Baltic, [655];
• decisions of law courts as to extent of, [585-592];
• definitions in Acts, [589], [591], [718];
• in Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, [591], [592]
• Territorial sea, not absolutely defined by any State, [651], [652], [657], [660]
• Territorial sea, not defined by Great Britain, [593]
• Territorial sea, discussion between Spain, Great Britain, and United States, [665]
• Territorial sea, discussion as to limit in North Sea, [632], [633], [634]
• Territorial sea, distinction between limit under international law and in treaties, [644];
• between exclusive fishery limit and territorial limit, [644], [660];
• distinction between “coasts” and “bays,” [622];
• meaning of “coasts,” [641] n.
• Territorial sea, historical evolution of, [537]
• Territorial sea, in peace and war, [636], [651], [665]
• Territorial sea, in relation to fisheries, [693];
• for “floating” fish, [698];
• for coral, [684], [695], [697];
• oysters, [611], [612], [619], [620], [621], [697];
• pearls, [560], [697];
• seals, [662], [663], [695], [696];
• whales, [674], [695], [696];
• exclusive fishery limit, [639];
• on British and Irish coasts, [646], [647];
• outside the North Sea, [643], [644], [645], [646];
• extra-territorial regulations, [657], [661], [662], [663], [695], [699], [704], [707], [708], [716], [720], [725], [726], [727];
• international regulations, [733], [734], [735];
• trawling, [698], [707], [735];
• jurisdiction for Customs, [593-595], [609], [665], [676], [679] n.;
• for public health and slave-ships, [593-595];
• under common law of England, [546];
• over foreigners, [589], [590], [591];
• navigation in, [78], [676]
• Territorial sea, need of distinguishing different rights in, [690];
• neutral waters, decrees respecting, [569-570];
• proposed limit for, [690], [775]
• Territorial sea, possession of opposite shores, [35], [43];
• principle of thalweg or mid-line, [541-544]
• Territorial sea, proposals of International Law Association, [690-692], [774];
• question of banks and flats, [633], [634], [635], [639], [640] and n., [641] n.;
• of consistency of soil, [641] n.;
• of depth, [562];
• of islands, [618], [634], [639], [641] n.;
• of rocks and islets, [641-643], [649];
• of tide-marks, [579], [641], [652], [659], [661], [666], [669] and n.;
• of true boundary of, [539];
• Scottish firths, [692];
• statutes referring to, [589-594]
• Territorial sea, usage in seventeenth century, [552];
• in eighteenth, [566];
• modern, [650]
• Territorial sea, modern usage, Algeria, [657];
• Argentine Republic, wide claim by, [661], [662], [663];
• in Rio de la Plata, [663];
• Austria-Hungary, [572], [658];
• in Behring Sea, [585], [695] and n., [696];
• Belgium, [658];
• Chili, [661];
• Cuba, [665];
• Denmark, [528], [529], [530], [538], [567], [568], [653], [655], [664];
• in Cattegat, [653];
• Iceland and Faroes, [647], [648];
• Skagerrack, [636], [653];
• France, [657];
• Germany, [652];
• Great Britain, origin of, [538];
• in Bristol Channel, [586-588];
• at Bell Rock, [642];
• at Eddystone, [641], [642], [643];
• at Seven Stones Rocks, [642], [643];
• British colonies, [661];
• British N. America, [531];
• Greece, [661];
• Italy, [659];
• Japan, [661];
• Netherlands, [658];
• in Zuiderzee, [635], [636];
• Norway, [457], [528], [538], [568], [653], [664], [669-681], [685];
• method of measuring, [669], [670], [685];
• rejects three-mile limit, [633], [636], [678], [681];
• reasons for wide limit, [676], [677];
• in Varangerfjord, [674];
• in Vestfjord, Lofotens, [672-674], [677];
• special limits in, [671], [672], [678], [679];
• Portugal, [538], [569], [664], [668];
• Russia, [656];
• White Sea, [564], [657];
• Scandinavian limit, [528], [567] and n., [653], [655];
• Spain, [538], [569], [664-668];
• South America, [661];
• Sweden, [538], [653], [664], [669], [674], [675];
• method of computing in, [669];
• United States, [661];
• various limits claimed by, [575];
• Uruguay, [663];
• Venice, [571]
• Territorial sea, opinions of publicists in first part eighteenth century on, [565], [566];
• of recent publicists, [603], [605], [681], [688], [689]
• Territorial sea, opinions of Abreu y Bertodano, [559];
• Aschehoug, [686], [688];
• Auber, [691];
• Azuni, [564], [565];
• on Bays, [565];
• Bishop, [683], [689];
• Bluntschli, [682], [688];
• Bodin, [540];
• Burgus, [550];
• Bynkershoek, [555], [556];
• on range of vision, [546];
• Calvo, [682], [688];
• Casaregi, [558];
• Lord Chelmsford, [586];
• Chitty, [597];
• Conringius, [550];
• Baron de Courcel, [664] n.;
• Craig, [357];
• Dana, [683], [689];
• Desjardins, [685], [688];
• Lord Dunedin, [724];
• Ferguson, [684], [689];
• Fiore, [684], [689];
• Lord Fitzmaurice, [630], [730], [731];
• Galiani, [563];
• Gentilis, [540];
• Graswinckel, [550];
• Sir Edward Grey, [732];
• Grotius, [549];
• on range of vision, [545];
• Lord Guthrie, [723];
• Chief-Justice Hale, [543];
• Hall, [687], [689];
• Halleck, [683], [689];
• Lord Halsbury, [592];
• Lord Hatherly, [586] n.;
• Hautefeuille, [601], [688];
• Heffter, [600], [689];
• Lord Herschell, [692] n.;
• Holland, [691];
• Hübner, [562];
• Kent, [599], [689];
• Kleen, [685];
• Klüber, [597], [688];
• Lord Kyllachy, [725];
• Lampredi, [563];
• Latour, [595], [685];
• Lawrence, [683], [688];
• Leoni Levi, [664] n.;
• Loccenius, [550];
• Lord Loreburn, [732];
• Lushington, [586] n.;
• Manning, [600], [689];
• Massé, [602], [688];
• de Martens, [686], [688];
• G. F. von Martens, [563];
• on bays, [564];
• on straits, [564];
• Moore, [691] n.;
• Moser, [562];
• Sir John Nicholl, [586];
• Oppenheim, [688];
• Ortolan, [600], [688];
• Perels, [684], [688];
• Phillimore, [682], [688], [689];
• Pistoye and Duverdy, [602], [688];
• Pontanus, [550];
• Pradier-Fodéré, [684], [688];
• Puffendorf, [550];
• on bays and gulfs, [551];
• Rayneval, [596];
• Reddie, [600];
• Lord Salisbury, [592];
• Sarpi, [547];
• Schmalz, [597], [688];
• Shookius, [550];
• Lord Stowell, [641] n.;
• Strauchius, [550];
• Sir Travers Twiss, [683], [689], [691] n.;
• Valin, [562];
• Vattel, [560], [689];
• on bays, [561];
• on straits, [561];
• Lord Wensleydale, [586] n.;
• Westlake, [691] n.;
• Wheaton, [598], [689];
• Wolff, [559], [689];
• Woolsey, [683], [689];
• opinions of early English lawyers, [539];
• of early Italian jurists, [539];
• of Institut de Droit International, [689-692], [774];
• of International Law Association, [689-692], [774];
• of judges in Franconia case, [590]
• Territorial Sea. Various limits proposed or adopted for different purposes:
• Three-mile limit, proposed by Galiani, [563];
• by Azuni, [565];
• introduced for neutrality by United States, [573], [574];
• introduced into English jurisprudence, [576], [577];
• originated in neutral rights, [694];
• applied to fisheries, [581];
• confusion of, with range of guns, [591] and n., [598], [682], [683], [689];
• not equivalent to range of guns, [21], [576];
• discussion on, [650-652];
• generally adopted through influence of the United States and Great Britain, [21], [681];
• an Anglo-American doctrine, [681], [684];
• not generally accepted by publicists, [580], [680], [681], [688], [775];
• common adoption of, [21], [650];
• in some international fishery conventions, [581], [612], [614], [617], [619], [621], [634], [635], [647], [649], [652];
• generally for fisheries, [616], [647], [663], [680];
• inadequacy of, [21], [604], [615], [617], [651], [679], [682], [683], [686], [687], [690], [693], [694], [707] and n.;
• in relation to next great maritime war, [22];
• British Government on, [730], [732];
• refuses to recognise jurisdiction beyond three miles, [663], [667] and n., [738];
• wishes three-mile limit extended in war, [665];
• rejected by four European States, [664];
• refused by Norway, [633], [636], [678], [681];
• complex on Norwegian coast, [672], [676]
• Four-mile limit, [653];
• five miles, [575], [665], [691], [698], [715];
• six miles, [559], [563], [565], [566], [575], [582], [605], [606], [664], [665], [690], [691], [694], [775];
• adopted by International Law Association for Fisheries, [690], [775];
• limit for Dutch on Scottish coast, [605], [606];
• eight miles, [665], [694];
• nine miles, [563], [564] n., [608] and n., [611], [618], [679], [679] n., [691], [698], [737];
• on French coast, [608] n., [609];
• recommended by English trawlers for North Sea, [702];
• ten miles, [665], [668], [687], [694], [696], [698], [707], [737];
• in Argentina, [661];
• recommended for North Sea by English trawlers, [702];
• twelve miles, [575], [593], [594], [662], [665], [668], [715];
• thirteen miles, [703], [720], [738];
• for fishery on Scottish coast, [720];
• fourteen miles, [77], [84], [192], [193], [545], [694];
• twenty-eight miles, [77], [84], [545];
• thirty miles, [572], [696];
• forty miles, [178], [585];
• sixty miles, [3], [540], [696];
• eighty miles, [79], [355];
• 100 miles, [3], [169], [353], [360], [373], [539], [541], [559];
• claimed by Russia in Behring Sea, [582]
• Range of guns, [21], [349], [549], [552], [593], [646], [658], [660], [676], [681], [685-687], [690], [716];
• first proposed by Dutch ambassadors, [156], [549];
• Bynkershoek’s dictum on, [556];
• merits of, [558];
• fixed in treaties and decrees, [570-572];
• generally adopted, [576];
• incorporated in international law, [558];
• generally accepted by publicists, [688];
• the true principle of delimitation, [595], [602], [603];
• and neutral rights, [557], [559], [571], [572];
• and salute, [556], [557];
• as “zone of respect,” [690], [775]
• Range of vision, [175], [193], [347], [544-546], [571], [574], [596], [602], [694];
• defects of, [546];
• adhered to by Dutch, [546];
• claimed by Denmark, [529], [545];
• proposed by some modern publicists, [546], [565], [600] (see Land-kenning);
• subsistence limit of Sarpi, [547]
• Territorial waters. See Territorial sea.
• Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act, [580] n., [590], [591], [592], [717], [718], [731]
• Teutonic invaders, seafaring habits of, [26]
• Texel, [18], [409]; battle of, [498]
• Thalweg. See Mid-line.
• Thames, [49], [60], [76], [131], [133], [219], [443], [444], [459], [462], [472], [476]
• Thanet, [49], [68]
• Thorpe, [27], [28]
• Three-mile limit. See Territorial sea.
• Three seas, [17]
• Thurloe, [432], [434], [436], [497], [498] n.
• Tithes of fish. See Fish.
• Tlieff, Captain Andrees, [171], [174], [175]
• Top-sails, lowering of. See Striking.
• Tordesillas, treaty of, [5], [106]
• Traders, hostilities between, [53], [54]
• Trafalgar, [15]
• Trawling. See Fisheries.
• Treaties, England and Burgundy, 1405, 1408, [69];
• 1417, [70];
• 1439, [70];
• 1467, [71];
• 1478, [72];
• 1496 (Intercursus Magnus), [72];
• 1499, [73];
• 1506, [73];
• 1515, [73];
• 1520, [73];
• and Castile, 1351, [67];
• and Denmark, 1468, [110];
• 1490, [109];
• 1523, [109];
• 1583, [110];
• and Flanders, 1320, [55];
• and France, 1303, [44-46], [49];
• 1403, [67];
• 1471, [72];
• 1528, [75];
• and Portugal, 1353, [67];
• 1439, [70];
• and United Provinces, 1585, [433];
• Scotland and the Emperor, 1541, [78];
• 1550, [79], [179];
• Scotland and the Netherlands, 1291, 1321, 1323, 1371, 1401, 1407, 1412, 1416, [76];
• 1531, 1541, [188] n.;
• and United Provinces, 1594, [81], [157], [169], [173], [188] n., [257], [388];
• Great Britain and Belgium, 1852, [617], [645];
• 1882, [637];
• and Denmark, 1882, [637];
• 1901, [647], [740];
• and France, 1686, [526], [622];
• 1786, [572];
• 1839, [612];
• 1867, [619];
• 1882, [637];
• and Germany, 1882, [637];
• and Mexico, 1888, [679] n.;
• and the Netherlands, 1625, [433];
• 1654, [435], [436], [455];
• 1662, [455];
• 1674, [508];
• 1689, [517];
• 1784, [522];
• 1882, [637];
• and Russia, 1825, [583];
• and Spain, 1630, [425];
• 1790, [573];
• and Sweden, [427];
• and United States, 1783, [622];
• 1794, [574], [622];
• 1814, [581];
• 1818, [581], [627];
• 1854, [625];
• 1871, [627];
• 1888, [628];
• Denmark and Sweden, 1780, [572] n.;
• 1899, [655], [675];
• France and Algeria, 1689, [527], [573];
• Burgundy, 1468, [71];
• the Emperor, 1521, [74], [119];
• Russia, 1787, [572];
• and United Provinces, 1635, [276];
• 1662, [453];
• Norway and Mexico, 1886, [594], [679];
• Porte and Naples, 1740, [546];
• Russia, Denmark, and Sweden, 1780, [572] n.;
• and the two Sicilies, 1787, [572];
• and the United Provinces and Prussia, 1781, [572] n.;
• Spain and Morocco, 1861, [668];
• and Portugal, 1494, [106];
• 1878, 1885, 1893, [665], [666];
• and Tripoli, 1784, [572];
• and the United Provinces, 1609, [148], [344], [350] n.;
• United States and Morocco, 1785, [572];
• and Russia, 1824, [583]
• Treaties concerning fishery, British North America, [526], [531], [532], [574], [622], [625], [627], [628]
• Treaties guaranteeing liberty of fishing on English coasts, [66-74]
• Treaty of Antwerp, [148], [344], [350] n.;
• of Breda, [464], [465];
• of Dover, [475];
• of Ryswick, [466] n.;
• of Southampton, [388];
• of Tordesillas, [5], [106];
• of Troyes, [8], [35];
• of Union, England and Scotland, 1604, [192], [545];
• of Utrecht, [531]
• Treport, [65], [426]
• Trinity House, [114], [120], [447];
• on limits of King’s Chambers, [9], [753];
• on extent of British Seas, [20], [465] n., [477], [478];
• on jurisdiction of Cinque Ports in Channel, [544];
• on striking, [477]
• Triple Alliance, [467], [471], [474], [476], [481], [483], [490]
• Tromp, Lieut.-Admiral Martin Harpentz, [329], [390], [395], [408], [411] n., [415], [422], [436], [477], [511];
• attacks Oquendo in the Straits of Dover, [330];
• in the Downs, [245], [331];
• strikes to English, [330], [334];
• his letter to Pennington, [334];
• commands Dutch fleet, [329];
• puts to sea to prevent search of Dutch vessels, [397];
• no instructions as to striking, [397], [399];
• his memorandum on striking, [398], [770];
• reluctance to strike, [400], [401], [403], [404];
• encounter with Blake, [12], [207] n., [397], [403], [404], [421];
• correspondence with Blake, [404] n., [771];
• story of broom, [408], [409]
• Tudors, [85], [86], [87], [118]
• Tunny fishery, [142], [504]
• Tweedmouth, Lord, [691], [720]
• Twee Gebroeders, case of, [576], [577], [641] n.
• Twiss, Sir Travers, [39], [40], [41], [42], [52] n., [53], [312] n., [689], [691] n.
• Two seas, [17]
• Tynemouth, [214]
• Tyrrhenian Sea, sovereignty of, [371]
• United Provinces, [9], [12-14], [81], [119], [125], [126] n., [151], [157], [170], [179], [187], [191], [197], [198], [201], [243] n., [246], [251], [253], [257], [264], [265], [275], [288], [301], [302], [304], [340], [342], [364], [384], [399], [405], [416], [441], [454], [460], [470], [474], [517], [527-529].
• See States-General, Dutch, Netherlands.
• United States of America, disputes and negotiations regarding British North American fisheries, [532], [581], [621-630], [731] and n.;
• regarding Behring Sea, [541], [583], [584], [695] n.;
• territorial sea, [599], [661];
• fixes three miles for neutrality, [21], [93], [573], [574];
• various limits claimed, [574], [575], [650];
• influence of, in adoption of three-mile limit, [650]
• Uruguay, territorial sea, [663]
• Ushant, [103], [290], [399], [437]
• Utrecht, [81]; treaty of, [531], [582]
• Vagabonds, [98]
• Valck, Jacob, [81]
• Valin, on territorial sea, [562]
• Vane, Sir Henry, [269], [414], [422] n., [439]
• Varangerfjord, [674], [695]
• Vardö, or Vardöhuus, [86], [97] n., [108], [109], [110]
• Vasquez. See Vasquius.
• Vasquius, Ferdinand, on dominion of sea, [341], [351], [353]
• Vattel, on territorial sea, [560];
• on appropriation of fisheries, [561]
• Venice, [30], [91], [186] n., [191];
• sea sovereignty of, [3], [4] and n., [16], [33], [54], [107], [158], [339], [341], [350], [351], [361], [371], [540], [547], [552];
• limit of territorial sea, [571]
• Vestfjord, [672], [677]
• Vic, M. de, Vice-Admiral of France, [204]
• Violation of ports, [247], [249], [250]
• Virginia, [388]
• Visit and search and gun range, [557]
• Visitation of English ships, [268]
• Wagenaar, [80], [167] n., [311] n.
• Walderswick, [90] n.
• Walker, Sir Richard, [280]
• Walmer Castle, [279]
• Warbeck, Perkin, [72], [387]
• Wardhouse. See Vardö.
• Warwick, Earl of, [206] n, [276], [379], [380]
• Wash, the, [18]
• Washington, George, [573], [681]
• Wells, [90]
• Welwood, William, [342] n., [343], [371], [546], [551];
• on appropriation of the sea, [353];
• dominion of the sea, [354];
• exhaustibility of sea, [355];
• on Grotius, [352];
• on limit for Dutch on Scottish coast, [79], [84];
• sea laws of Scotland, [352];
• attack on, by Graswinckel, [412]
• Wensleydale, Lord, on territorial sea, [586] n.
• Wentworth, Viscount, [227] n.
• West Friesland, [453]
• Westlake, Professor, on territorial sea, [691] n.
• Westmoney Islands, [109], [247]
• Weston, Lord, [227], [239] n., [241], [281]
• Weymouth, [268]
• Whale-fishing, [187], [189];
• in Behring Sea, [585];
• at Greenland, [407], [527-530];
• at Jan Mayen, [527];
• at Spitzbergen, [112], [164], [181-184], [193], [194] n., [200], [527];
• in Varangerfjord, [674];
• regulations, [695]
• Whales, right to, [66], [363]
• Wharton, [312] n.
• Wheaton, on territorial sea, [598]
• Whestone, Admiral, [520]
• Whitby, [462]
• Whitelock, [414]
• White Sea, sealing at, [695];
• territoriality of, [657];
• trawling at, [680]
• Whitstable Fishery, case of, [586] n.
• Wicklow, [63]
• Wicquefort, on sovereignty of sea, [495]
• Wilkins, [27]
• Willes, John, [43]
• William of Malmesbury, [27]
• William III. and sovereignty of sea, [517-520]
• William the Lion, King, [59]
• Williamson, Sir Joseph, plenipotentiary at Cologne, [496], [497], [498], [511]
• Willoughby, [181], [183]
• Wilson, Thomas, [163] n.
• Wimbledon, Viscount, [227] n.
• Winchelsea, [37], [49], [50], [73]
• Windebank, [243], [250], [253], [263], [267], [287], [295], [302], [319], [320], [322], [323]
• Winwood, Sir Ralph, [130] n., [152], [162], [168], [172]
• Wolff, on territorial sea, [559]
• Wolseley, Sir Charles, [429]
• Wolsey, Cardinal, [74], [119], [548]
• Woolsey, on territorial sea, [683]
• Worcester, [27]
• Worcester, Earl of, [56] n.
• Worsley, Dr Benjamin, [515]
• Wotton, [162]
• Wreck, right to, [66], [362], [363], [542]
• Yarmouth, [34] n., [46] n., [49], [58], [60], [62], [73], [90], [96], [97] n., [100], [108], [126], [129], [130] n., [131], [133], [134], [143-145], [151], [162], [214], [247], [248], [249], [295], [307], [308], [391] n., [438], [455], [461], [462], [463], [515], [546]
• York, Duke of, [446], [448], [456], [457], [458], [469], [472], [485], [493], [516]
• Yorkshire, [133]
• Young, Captain, [207] n., [401], [402]
• Ypres, [71]
• Zealand, [45], [60], [62], [64], [71], [72], [73], [74] n., [75], [81], [88], [92], [94], [95], [125], [195]
• Zierikzee, [45] n.
• Zorgdrager, [194] n.
• Zouch, [515]
• Zowe, fishing-bank, [65] and n., [189] n., [276] n., [426] n., [440], [544], [749]
• Zuiderzee, territoriality of, [635]