Wednesday, April 7.
An engrossed bill for the relief of Thomas K. Jones was read the third time, and passed.
The Speaker laid before the House a letter from the Secretary of State, accompanying his report on the memorial of Fulwar Skipwith, referred to him by order of the House on the nineteenth of January last; which were read, and ordered to be committed to a Committee of the whole House on Friday next.
Mr. John C. Smith, from the Committee of Claims, to whom was recommitted, on the fifteenth ultimo, their report on the memorial of Paul Coulon, a French citizen, made a supplementary report thereon; which was read, and ordered to be referred to a Committee of the whole House to-day.
On motion it was Resolved, That a committee be appointed to examine and report the state of the office of the Clerk of this House.
Ordered, That Mr. Clay, Mr. Huger, and Mr. Southard, be appointed a committee pursuant to the said resolution.
Mr. Mitchill, from the committee to whom were referred, on the fifth instant, the amendments proposed by the Senate to the bill, entitled "An act for revising and amending the acts concerning naturalization," reported that the committee had had the said amendments under consideration, and directed him to report to the House their agreement to the same.
North-western Territory.
The House resolved itself into a Committee of the Whole on the bill to enable the people of the eastern division of the Territory north-west of the river Ohio to form a constitution and State Government, and for the admission of such State into the Union, on an equal footing with the original States, and for other purposes.
Mr. Fearing moved to amend the bill so as to embrace the population of the eastern division as bounded by the articles of the ordinance, the effect of which motion would be to include about thirty thousand inhabitants of that division, that are excluded by the provisions of the bill, and respecting whom it is provided in the bill, that they may hereafter be added by Congress to the new State, or disposed of otherwise, as provided by the fifth article of the compact.
This motion gave rise to a debate of considerable length, in which Messrs. Fearing, Bayard, Griswold, Goddard, Henderson, and Randolph, supported; and Messrs. Giles, Bacon, and R. Williams, opposed the amendment.
Those who supported the amendment contended that the exclusion of that portion of territory occupied by about three thousand inhabitants was both unconstitutional and inexpedient. On the ground of constitutionality, they contended, that under the articles of the compact, which were to be considered as the constitution of the territory, Congress had only the right of forming the eastern division into one, two, or three States; and that under this power, no right existed to form one part of the division into a State, and leave the remaining section in a Territorial condition; that the rights of the whole of the inhabitants of the eastern division were equal, and if one part was, so also must the remaining part be, admitted to the privilege of a State.
On the ground of expediency, it was contended that the situation of the excluded inhabitants would be peculiarly hard; that, if attached to the Indiana Territory, they would be placed two or three hundred miles from it; that they would be furthermore degraded from the second to the first branch of Territorial government, and that they would be deprived, by the reduction of their numbers, from the prospect of being admitted for a great number of years, to State rights.
On the contrary, the opponents of the amendment contended that the provisions of the bill were both constitutional and expedient; that under the compact the right was given to Congress of admitting the eastern division into the Union, in the form of one, two, or three States; that this right involved a discretion to admit a part of that division at one time, and the remaining part at a subsequent period; that if the whole division were once admitted into the Union, Congress would be prohibited from dividing hereafter, when it was acknowledged such division would be expedient, the said division into two or more States, without the consent of the State now formed.
That, as to considerations of expediency, the hardships likely to be felt by the excluded inhabitants were such as arose, not from the provisions of the bill, but from their local situation; and that it was not true that they would be degraded by annexation to the Indiana Territory; to a lower grade of Territorial character than they at present enjoyed—the grade being the same.
Mr. Randolph supported the amendment on peculiar ground, declaring that if the amendment should not prevail, he would still vote for the admission. He declared himself in favor of the amendment, principally from a desire to avoid the introduction of too many small States into the Union.
The question was then taken on Mr. Fearing's amendment, and lost—yeas 34, nays 38.
Mr. Fearing moved so to amend the bill as to leave to the new State the right of naming itself. Agreed to.
After some discussion of the details of the bill, the committee rose and repeated the bill, with amendments.
Ordered, That the said bill, with the amendments, do lie on the table.