LIST OF NAMES.
Abel, Cain's brother, [108].
Älf-here (gen. Älf-heres, [2605]), a kinsman of Wîglâf's, [2605].
Äsc-here, confidential adviser of King Hrôðgâr ([1326]), older brother of Yrmenlâf ([1325]), killed by Grendel's mother, [1295], [1324], [2123].
Bân-stân, father of Breca, [524].
Beó-wulf, son of Scyld, king of the Danes, [18], [19]. After the death of his father, he succeeds to the throne of the Scyldings, [53]. His son is Healfdene, [57].
Beó-wulf (Biówulf, [1988], [2390]; gen. Beówulfes, [857], etc., Biówulfes, [2195], [2808], etc.; dat. Beówulfe, [610], etc., Biówulfe, [2325], [2843]), of the race of the Geátas. His father is the Wægmunding Ecgþeów ([263], etc.); his mother a daughter of Hrêðel, king of the Geátas ([374]), at whose court he is brought up after his seventh year with Hrêðel's sons, Herebeald, Hæðcyn, and Hygelâc, [2429] ff. In his youth lazy and unapt ([2184] f., [2188] f.); as man he attains in the gripe of his hand the strength of thirty men, [379]. Hence his victories in his combats with bare hands ([711] ff., [2502] ff.), while fate denies him the victory in the battle with swords, [2683] f. His swimming-match with Breca in his youth, [506] ff. Goes with fourteen Geátas to the assistance of the Danish king, Hrôðgâr, against Grendel, [198] ff. His combat with Grendel, and his victory, [711] ff., [819] ff. He is, in consequence, presented with rich gifts by Hrôðgâr, [1021] ff. His combat with Grendel's mother, [1442] ff. Having again received gifts, he leaves Hrôðgâr ([1818-1888]), and returns to Hygelâc, [1964] ff.—After Hygelâc's last battle and death, he flees alone across the sea, [2360] f. In this battle he crushes Däghrefn, one of the Hûgas, to death, [2502] f. He rejects at the same time Hygelâc's kingdom and the hand of his widow ([2370] ff.), but carries on the government as guardian of the young Heardrêd, son of Hygelâc, [2378] ff. After Heardrêd's death, the kingdom falls to Beówulf, [2208], [2390].—Afterwards, on an expedition to avenge the murdered Heardrêd, he kills the Scylfing, Eádgils ([2397]), and probably conquers his country. —His fight with the drake, [2539] ff. His death, [2818]. His burial, [3135] ff.
Breca (acc. Brecan, [506], [531]), son of Beánstân, [524]. Chief of the Brondings, [521]. His swimming-match with Beówulf, [506] ff.
Brondingas (gen. Brondinga, [521]), Breca, their chief, [521].
Brosinga mene, corrupted from, or according to Müllenhoff, written by mistake for, Breosinga mene (O.N., Brisinga men, cf. Haupts Zeitschr. XII. 304), collar, which the Brisingas once possessed.
Cain (gen. Caines, [107]): descended from him are Grendel and his kin, [107], [1262] ff.
Däg-hrefn (dat. Däghrefne, [2502]), a warrior of the Hûgas, who, according to [2504-5], compared with [1203], and with [1208], seems to have been the slayer of King Hygelâc, in his battle against the allied Franks, Frisians, and Hûgas. Is crushed to death by Beówulf in a hand-to-hand combat, [2502] ff.
Dene (gen. Dena, [242], etc., Denia, [2126], Deniga, [271], etc.; dat. Denum, [768], etc.), as subjects of Scyld and his descendants, they are also called Scyldings; and after the first king of the East Danes, Ing (Runenlied, [22]), Ing-wine, [1045], [1320]. They are also once called Hrêðmen, [445]. On account of their renowned warlike character, they bore the names Gâr-Dene, [1], [1857], Hring-Dene (Armor-Danes), [116], [1280], Beorht-Dene, [427], [610]. The great extent of this people is indicated by their names from the four quarters of the heavens: Eást-Dene, [392], [617], etc., West-Dene, [383], [1579], Sûð-Dene, [463], Norð-Dene, [784].—Their dwelling-place "in Scedelandum," [19], "on Scedenigge," [1687], "be sæm tweónum," [1686].
Ecg-lâf (gen. Ecglâfes, [499]), Hûnferð's father, [499].
Ecg-þeów (nom. Ecgþeów, [263], Ecgþeó, [373]; gen. Ecgþeówes, [529], etc., Ecgþiówes, [2000]), a far-famed hero of the Geátas, of the house of the Wægmundings. Beówulf is the son of Ecgþeów, by the only daughter of Hrêðel, king of the Geátas, [262], etc. Among the Wylfings, he has slain Heaðolâf ([460]), and in consequence he goes over the sea to the Danes ([463]), whose king, Hrôðgâr, by means of gold, finishes the strife for him, [470].
Ecg-wela (gen. Ecg-welan, [1711]). The Scyldings are called his descendants, [1711]. Grein considers him the founder of the older dynasty of Danish kings, which closes with Heremôd. See Heremôd.
Elan, daughter of Healfdene, king of the Danes, (?) [62]. According to the restored text, she is the wife of Ongenþeów, the Scylfing, [62], [63].
Earna-näs, the Eagle Cape in the land of the Geátas, where occurred Beówulf's fight with the drake, [3032].
Eádgils (dat. Eádgilse, [2393]), son of Ôhthere, and grandson of Ongenþeów, the Scylfing, [2393]. His older brother is
Eánmund (gen. Eánmundes, [2612]). What is said about both in our poem ([2201-2207], [2380-2397], [2612-2620]) is obscure, but the following may be conjectured:—
The sons of Ôhthere, Eánmund and Eádgils, have rebelled against their father ([2382]), and must, in consequence, depart with their followers from Swiórîce, [2205-6], [2380]. They come into the country of the Geátas to Heardrêd ([2380]), but whether with friendly or hostile intent is not stated; but, according to [2203] f., we are to presume that they came against Heardrêd with designs of conquest. At a banquet (on feorme; or feorme, MS.) Heardrêd falls, probably through treachery, by the hand of one of the brothers, [2386], [2207]. The murderer must have been Eánmund, to whom, according to [2613], "in battle the revenge of Weohstân brings death." Weohstân takes revenge for his murdered king, and exercises upon Eánmund's body the booty-right, and robs it of helm, breastplate, and sword ([2616-17]), which the slain man had received as gifts from his uncle, Onela, [2617-18]. But Weohstân does not speak willingly of this fight, although he has slain Onela's brother's son, [2619-20].—After Heardrêd's and Eánmund's death, the descendant of Ongenþeów, Eádgils, returns to his home, [2388]. He must give way before Beówulf, who has, since Heardrêd's death, ascended the throne of the Geátas, [2390]. But Beówulf remembers it against him in after days, and the old feud breaks out anew, [2392-94]. Eádgils makes an invasion into the land of the Geátas ([2394-95]), during which he falls at the hands of Beówulf, [2397]. The latter must have then obtained the sovereignty over the Sweonas ([3005-6], where only the version, Scylfingas, can give a satisfactory sense).
Eofor (gen. Eofores, [2487], [2965]; dat. Jofore, [2994], [2998]), one of the Geátas, son of Wonrêd and brother of Wulf ([2965], [2979]), kills the Swedish king, Ongenþeów ([2487] ff., [2978-82]), for which he receives from King Hygelâc, along with other gifts, his only daughter in marriage, [2994-99].
Eormen-rîc (gen. Eormenrîces, [1202]), king of the Goths (cf. about him, W. Grimm, Deutsche Heldensage, p. 2, ff.). Hâma has wrested the Brosinga mene from him, [1202].
Eomær, son of Offa and Þryðo (cf. Þryðo), [1961].
Finn (gen. Finnes, [1069], etc.; dat. Finne, [1129]), son of Folcwalda ([1090]), king of the North Frisians, i.e. of the Eotenas, husband of Hildeburg, a daughter of Hôc, [1072], [1077]. He is the hero of the inserted poem on the Attack in Finnsburg, the obscure incidents of which are, perhaps, as follows: In Finn's castle, Finnsburg, situated in Jutland ([1126-28]), the Hôcing, Hnäf, a relative—perhaps a brother—of Hildeburg is spending some time as guest. Hnäf, who is a liegeman of the Danish king, Healfdene, has sixty men with him (Finnsburg, [38]). These are treacherously attacked one night by Finn's men, [1073]. For five days they hold the doors of their lodging-place without losing one of their number (Finnsburg, [41], [42]). Then, however, Hnäf is slain ([1071]), and the Dane, Hengest, who was among Hnäf's followers, assumes the command of the beleaguered band. But on the attacking side the fight has brought terrible losses to Finn's men. Their numbers are diminished ([1081] f.), and Hildeburg bemoans a son and a brother among the fallen ([1074] f., cf. [1116], [1119]). Therefore the Frisians offer the Danes peace ([1086]) under the conditions mentioned ([1087-1095]), and it is confirmed with oaths ([1097]), and money is given by Finn in propitiation ([1108]). Now all who have survived the battle go together to Friesland, the homo proper of Finn, and here Hengest remains during the winter, prevented by ice and storms from returning home (Grein). But in spring the feud breaks out anew. Gûðlâf and Oslâf avenge Hnäf's fall, probably after they have brought help from home ([1150]). In the battle, the hall is filled with the corpses of the enemy. Finn himself is killed, and the queen is captured and carried away, along with the booty, to the land of the Danes, [1147-1160].
Finna land. Beówulf reaches it in his swimming-race with Breca, [580].
Fitela, the son and nephew of the Wälsing, Sigemund, and his companion in arms, [876-890]. (Sigemund had begotten Fitela by his sister, Signý. Cf. more at length Leo on Beówulf, p. 38 ff., where an extract from the legend of the Walsungs is given.)
Folc-walda (gen. Folc-waldan, [1090]), Finn's father, [1090].
Francan (gen. Francna, [1211]; dat. Froncum, [2913]). King Hygelâc fell on an expedition against the allied Franks, Frisians, and Hûgas, [1211], [2917].
Fresan, Frisan, Frysan (gen. Fresena, [1094], Frysna, [1105], Fresna, [2916]: dat. Frysum, [1208], [2913]). To be distinguished, are: 1) North Frisians, whose king is Finn, [1069] ff.; 2) West Frisians, in alliance with the Franks and Hûgas, in the war against whom Hygelâc falls, [1208], [2916]. The country of the former is called Frysland, [1127]; that of the latter, Fresna land, [2916].
Fr..es wäl (in Fr..es wäle, [1071]), mutilated proper name.
Freáwaru, daughter of the Danish king, Hrôðgâr; given in marriage to Ingeld, the son of the Heaðobeard king, Frôda, in order to end a war between the Danes and the Heaðobeardnas, [2023] ff., [2065].
Frôda (gen. Frôdan), father of Ingeld, the husband of Freáware, [2026].
Gârmund (gen. Gârmundes, [1963]) father of Offa. His grandson is Eómær, [1961-63].
Geátas (gen. Geáta, [205], etc.; dat. Geátum, [195], etc.), a tribe in Southern Scandinavia, to which the hero of this poem belongs; also called Wedergeátas, [1493], [2552]; or, Wederas, [225], [423], etc.; Gûðgeátas, [1539]; Sægeátas, [1851], [1987]. Their kings named in this poem are: Hrêðel; Hæðcyn, second son of Hrêðel; Hygelâc, the brother of Hæðcyn; Heardrêd, son of Hygelâc; then Beówulf.
Gifðas (dat. Gifðum, [2495]), Gepidæ, mentioned in connection with Danes and Swedes, [2495].
Grendel, a fen-spirit ([102-3]) of Cain's race, [107], [111], [1262], [1267]. He breaks every night into Hrôðgâr's hall and carries off thirty warriors, [115] ff., [1583]ff. He continues this for twelve years, till Beówulf fights with him ([147], [711] ff.), and gives him a mortal wound, in that he tears out one of his arms ([817]), which is hung up as a trophy in the roof of Heorot, [837]. Grendel's mother wishes to avenge her son, and the following night breaks into the hall and carries off Äschere, [1295]. Beówulf seeks for and finds her home in the fen-lake ([1493] ff.), fights with her ([1498] ff.), and kills her ([1567]); and cuts off the head of Grendel, who lay there dead ([1589]), and brings it to Hrôðgâr, [1648].
Gûð-lâf and Oslâf, Danish warriors under Hnäf, whose death they avenge on Finn, [1149].
Hâlga, with the surname, til, the younger brother of the Danish king, Hrôðgâr, [61]. His son is Hrôðulf, [1018], [1165], [1182].
Hâma wrests the Brosinga mene from Eormenrîc, [1199].
Häreð (gen. Häreðes, [1982]), father of Hygd, the wife of Hygelâc, [1930], [1982].
Hæðcyn (dat. Hæðcynne, [2483]), second son of Hrêðel, king of the Geátas, [2435]. Kills his oldest brother, Herebeald, accidentally, with an arrow, [2438] ff. After Hrêðel's death, he obtains the kingdom, [2475], [2483]. He falls at Ravenswood, in the battle against the Swedish king, Ongenþeów, [2925]. His successor is his younger brother, Hygelâc, [2944] ff., [2992].
Helmingas (gen. Helminga, [621]). From them comes Wealhþeów, Hrôðgâr's wife, [621].
Heming (gen. Heminges, [1945], [1962]). Offa is called Heminges mæg, [1945]; Eómær, [1962]. According to Bachlechner (Pfeiffer's Germania, I., p. 458), Heming is the son of the sister of Gârmund, Offa's father.
Hengest (gen. Hengestes, [1092]; dat. Hengeste, [1084]): about him and his relations to Hnäf and Finn, see Finn.
Here-beald (dat. Herebealde, [2464]), the oldest son of Hrêðel, king of the Geátas ([2435]), accidentally killed with an arrow by his younger brother, Hæðcyn, [2440].
Here-môd (gen. Heremôdes, [902]), king of the Danes, not belonging to the Scylding dynasty, but, according to Grein, immediately preceding it; is, on account of his unprecedented cruelty, driven out, [902] ff., [1710].
Here-rîc (gen. Hererîces, [2207]) Heardrêd is called Hererîces nefa, [2207]. Nothing further is known of him.
Het-ware or Franks, in alliance with the Frisians and the Hûgas, conquer Hygelâc, king of the Geátas, [2355], [2364] ff., [2917].
Healf-dene (gen. Healfdenes, [189], etc.), son of Beówulf, the Scylding ([57]); rules the Danes long and gloriously ([57] f.); has three sons, Heorogâr, Hrôðgâr, and Hâlga ([61]), and a daughter, Elan, who, according to the renewed text of the passage, wäs married to the Scylfing, Ongenþeów, [62], [63].
Heard-rêd (dat. Heardrêde, [2203], [2376]), son of Hygelâc, king of the Geátas, and Hygd. After his father's death, while still under age, he obtains the throne ([2371], [2376], [2379]); wherefore Beówulf, as nephew of Heardrêd's father, acts as guardian to the youth till he becomes older, [2378]. He is slain by Ôhthere's sons, [2386]. This murder Beówulf avenges on Eádgils, [2396-97].
Heaðo-beardnas (gen. -beardna, [2033], [2038], [2068]), the tribe of the Lombards. Their king, Frôda, has fallen in a war with the Danes, [2029], [2051]. In order to end the feud, King Hrôðgâr has given his daughter, Freáwaru, as wife to the young Ingeld, the son of Frôda, a marriage that does not result happily; for Ingeld, though he long defers it on account of his love for his wife, nevertheless takes revenge for his father, [2021-2070] (Wîdsîð, 45-49).
Heaðo-lâf (dat. Heaðo-lâfe, [460]), a Wylfingish warrior. Ecgþeów, Beówulf's father, kills him, [460].
Heaðo-ræmas reached by B. in the swimming-race with Beówulf, [519].
Heoro-gâr (nom. [61]; Heregâr, [467]; Hiorogâr, [2159]), son of Healfdene, and older brother of Hrôðgâr, [61]. His death is mentioned, [467]. He has a son, Heoroweard, [2162]. His coat of mail Beówulf has received from Hrôðgâr ([2156]), and presents it to Hygelâc, [2158].
Heoro-weard (dat. Heorowearde, [2162]), Heorogâr's son, [2161-62].
Heort, [78]. Heorot, [166] (gen. Heorotes, [403]; dat. Heorote, [475], Heorute, [767], Hiorte, [2100]). Hrôðgâr's throne-room and banqueting hall and assembly-room for his liegemen, built by him with unusual splendor, [69], [78]. In it occurs Beówulf's fight with Grendel, [720] ff. The hall receives its name from the stag's antlers, of which the one-half crowns the eastern gable, the other half the western.
Hildeburh, daughter of Hôc, relative of the Danish leader, Hnäf, consort of the Frisian king, Finn. After the fall of the latter, she becomes a captive of the Danes, [1072], [1077], [1159]. See also under Finn.
Hnäf (gen. Hnäfes, [1115]), a Hôcing (Wîdsîð, 29), the Danish King Healfdene's general, [1070] ff. For his fight with Finn, his death and burial, see under Finn.
Hond-sció, warrior of the Geátas: dat. [2077].
Hôc (gen. Hôces, [1077]), father of Hildeburh, [1077]; probably also of Hnäf (Wîdsîð, 29).
Hrêðel (gen. Hrêðles, [1486]), son of Swerting, [1204]. King of the Geátas, [374]. He has, besides, a daughter, who is married to Ecgþeów, and has borne him Beówulf, ([374]), three sons, Herebeald, Hæðcyn, and Hygelâc, [2435]. The eldest of these is accidentally killed by the second, [2440]. On account of this inexpiable deed, Hrêðel becomes melancholy ([2443]), and dies, [2475].
Hrêðla (gen. Hrêðlan, MS. Hrædlan, [454]), the same as Hrêðel (cf. Müllenhoff in Haupts Zeitschrift, 12, 260), the former owner of Beówulf's coat of mail, [454].
Hrêð-men (gen. Hrêð-manna, [445]), the Danes are so called, [445].
Hrêð-rîc, son of Hrôðgâr, [1190], [1837].
Hrefna-wudu, [2926], or Hrefnes-holt, [2936], the thicket near which the Swedish king, Ongenþeów, slew Hæðcyn, king of the Geátas, in battle.
Hreosna-beorh, promontory in the land of the Geátas, near which Ongenþeów's sons, Ôhthere and Onela, had made repeated robbing incursions into the country after Hrêðel's death. These were the immediate cause of the war in which Hrêðel's son, King Hæðcyn, fell, [2478] ff.
Hrôð-gâr (gen. Hrôðgâres, [235], etc.; dat. Hrôðgâre, [64], etc.), of the dynasty of the Scyldings; the second of the three sons of King Healfdene, [61]. After the death of his elder brother, Heorogâr, he assumes the government of the Danes, [465], [467] (yet it is not certain whether Heorogâr was king of the Danes before Hrôðgâr, or whether his death occurred while his father, Healfdene, was still alive). His consort is Wealhþeów ([613]), of the stock of the Helmings ([621]), who has borne him two sons, Hrêðrîc and Hrôðmund ([1190]), and a daughter, Freáware ([2023]), who has been given in marriage to the king of the Heaðobeardnas, Ingeld. His throne-room ([78] ff.), which has been built at great cost ([74] ff.), is visited every night by Grendel ([102], [115]), who, along with his mother, is slain by Beówulf ([711] ff., [1493] ff). Hrôðgâr's rich gifts to Beówulf, in consequence, [1021], [1818]; he is praised as being generous, [71] ff., [80], [1028] ff., [1868] ff.; as being brave, [1041] ff., [1771] ff.; and wise, [1699], [1725].—Other information about Hrôðgâr's reign for the most part only suggested: his expiation of the murder which Ecgþeów, Beówulf's father, committed upon Heaðolâf, [460], [470]; his war with the Heaðobeardnas; his adjustment of it by giving his daughter, Freáware, in marriage to their king, Ingeld; evil results of this marriage, [2021-2070].—Treachery of his brother's son, Hrôðulf, intimated, [1165-1166].
Hrôð-mund, Hrôðgâr's son, [1190].
Hrôð-ulf, probably a son of Hâlga, the younger brother of King Hrôðgâr, [1018], [1182]. Wealhþeów expresses the hope ([1182]) that, in case of the early death of Hrôðgâr, Hrôð-ulf would prove a good guardian to Hrôðgâr's young son, who would succeed to the government; a hope which seems not to have been accomplished, since it appears from [1165], [1166] that Hrôð-ulf has abused his trust towards Hrôðgâr.
Hrones-näs (dat. -nässe, [2806], [3137]), a promontory on the coast of the country of the Geátas, visible from afar. Here is Beówulf's grave-mound, [2806], [3137].
Hrunting (dat. Hruntinge, [1660]), Hûnferð's sword, is so called, [1458], [1660].
Hûgas (gen. Hûga, [2503]), Hygelâc wars against them allied with the Franks and Frisians, and falls, [2195] ff. One of their heroes is called Däghrefn, whom Beówulf slays, [2503].
[H]ûn-ferð, the son of Ecglâf, þyle of King Hrôðgâr. As such, he has his place near the throne of the king, [499], [500], [1167]. He lends his sword, Hrunting, to Beówulf for his battle with Grendel's mother, [1456] f. According to [588], [1168], he slew his brothers. Since his name is always alliterated with vowels, it is probable that the original form was, as Rieger (Zachers Ztschr., [3], [414]) conjectures, Unferð.
Hûn-lâfing, name of a costly sword, which Finn presents to Hengest, [1144]. See [Note].
Hygd (dat. Hygde, [2173]), daughter of Häreð, [1930]; consort of Hygelâc, king of the Geátas, [1927]; her son, Heardrêd, [2203], etc.—Her noble, womanly character is emphasized, [1927] ff.
Hyge-lâc (gen. Hige-lâces, [194], etc., Hygelâces, [2387]; dat. Higelâce, [452], Hygelâce, [2170]), king of the Geátas, [1203], etc. His grandfather is Swerting, [1204]; his father, Hrêðel, [1486], [1848]; his older brothers, Herebeald and Hæðcyn, [2435]; his sister's son, Beówulf, [374], [375]. After his brother, Hæðcyn, is killed by Ongenþeów, he undertakes the government ([2992] in connection with the preceding from [2937] on). To Eofor he gives, as reward for slaying Ongenþeów, his only daughter in marriage, [2998]. But much later, at the time of the return of Beówulf from his expedition to Hrôðgâr, we see him married to the very young Hygd, the daughter of Häreð, [1930]. The latter seems, then, to have been his second wife. Their son is Heardrêd, [2203], [2376], [2387].—Hygelâc falls during an expedition against the Franks, Frisians, and Hûgas, [1206], [1211], [2356-59], [2916-17].
Ingeld (dat. Ingelde, [2065]), son of Frôda, the Heaðobeard chief, who fell in a battle with the Danes, [2051] ff. in order to end the war, Ingeld is married to Freáwaru, daughter of the Danish king, Hrôðgâr, [2025-30]. Yet his love for his young wife can make him forget only for a short while his desire to avenge his father. He finally carries it out, excited thereto by the repeated admonitions of an old warrior, [2042-70] (Wîdsîð, 45-59).
Ing-wine (gen. Ingwina, [1045], [1320]), friends of Ing, the first king of the East Danes. The Danes are so called, [1045], [1320].
Mere-wioingas (gen. Mere-wioinga, [2922]), as name of the Franks, [2922].
Nägling, the name of Beówulf's sword, [2681].
Offa (gen. Offan, [1950]), king of the Angles (Wîdsîð, 35), the son of Gârmund, [1963]; married ([1950]) to Þryðo ([1932]), a beautiful but cruel woman, of unfeminine spirit ([1932] ff.), by whom he has a son, Eómær, [1961].
Ôht-here (gen. Ôhtheres, [2929], [2933]; Ôhteres, [2381], [2393], [2395], [2613]), son of Ongenþeów, king of the Swedes, [2929]. His sons are Eánmund ([2612]) and Eádgils, [2393].
Onela (gen. Onelan, [2933]), Ôhthere's brother, [2617], [2933].
Ongen-þeów (nom. -þeów, [2487], -þió, [2952]; gen. -þeówes, [2476], -þiówes, [2388]; dat. -þió, [2987]), of the dynasty of the Scylfings; king of the Swedes, [2384]. His wife is, perhaps, Elan, daughter of the Danish king, Healfdene ([62]), and mother of two sons, Onela and Ôhthere, [2933]. She is taken prisoner by Hæðcyn, king of the Geátas, on an expedition into Sweden, which he undertakes on account of her sons' plundering raids into his country, [2480] ff. She is set free by Ongenþeów ([2931]), who kills Hæðcyn, [2925], and encloses the Geátas, now deprived of their leader, in the Ravenswood ([2937] ff.), till they are freed by Hygelâc, [2944]. A battle then follows, which is unfavorable to Ongenþeów's army. Ongenþeów himself, attacked by the brothers, Wulf and Eofor, is slain by the latter, [2487] ff., [2962] ff.
Ôs-lâf, a warrior of Hnäf's, who avenges on Finn his leader's death, [1149] f.
Scede-land, [19]. Sceden-îg (dat. Sceden-îgge, [1687]), O.N., Scân-ey, the most southern portion of the Scandinavian peninsula, belonging to the Danish kingdom, and, in the above-mentioned passages of our poem, a designation of the whole Danish kingdom.
Scêf or Sceáf. See [Note].
Scyld (gen. Scyldes, [19]), a Scêfing. [4]. His son is Beówulf, [18], [53]: his grandson, Healfdene, [57]; his great-grandson, Hrôðgâr, who had two brothers and a sister, [59] ff.—Scyld dies, [26]; his body, upon a decorated ship, is given over to the sea ([32] ff.), just as he, when a child, drifted alone, upon a ship, to the land of the Danes, [43] ff. After him his descendants bear his name.
Scyldingas (Scyldungas, [2053]; gen. Scyldinga, [53], etc., Scyldunga, [2102], [2160]; dat. Scyldingum, [274], etc.), a name which is extended also to the Danes, who are ruled by the Scyldings, [53], etc. They are also called Âr-Scyldingas, [464]; Sige-Scyldingas, [598], [2005]; Þeód-Scyldingas, [1020]; Here-Scyldingas, [1109].
Scylfingas, a Swedish royal family, whose relationship seems to extend to the Geátas, since Wîglâf, the son of Wihstân, who in another place, as a kinsman of Beówulf, is called a Wægmunding ([2815]), is also called leód Scylfinga, [2604]. The family connections are perhaps as follows:—
Scylf.
|
------------------------
Wægmund. .......
| |
------------------ ----------
Ecgþeów. Weohstân. Ongenþeów.
| | |
-------- -------- ---------------
Beówulf. Wîglâf. Onela. Ôhthere.
|
-----------------
Eáumund. Eádgils.
The Scylfings are also called Heaðo-Scilfingas, [63], Gûð-Scylfingas, [2928].
Sige-mund (dat. -munde, [876], [885]), the son of Wäls, [878], [898]. His (son and ) nephew is Fitela, [880], [882]. His fight with the drake, [887] ff.
Swerting (gen. Swertinges, [1204]), Hygelâc's grandfather, and Hrêðel's father, [1204].
Sweon (gen. Sweona, [2473], [2947], [3002]), also Sweó-þeód, [2923]. The dynasty of the Scylfings rules over them, [2382], [2925]. Their realm is called Swiórice, [2384], [2496].
Þryðo, consort of the Angle king, Offa, [1932], [1950]. Mother of Eómær, [1961], notorious on account of her cruel, unfeminine character, [1932] ff. She is mentioned as the opposite to the mild, dignified Hygd, the queen of the Geátas.
Wäls (gen. Wälses, [898]), father of Sigemund, [878], [898].
Wæg-mundingas (gen. Wægmundinga, [2608], [2815]). The Wægmundings are on one side, Wihstân and his son Wîglâf; on the other side, Ecgþeów and his son Beówulf ([2608], [2815]). See under Scylfingas.
Wederas (gen. Wedera, [225], [423], [498], etc.), or Weder-geátas. See Geátas.
Wêland (gen. Wêlandes, [455]), the maker of Beówulf's coat of mail, [455].
Wendlas (gen. Wendla, [348]): their chief is Wulfgâr. See Wulfgâr. The Wendlas are, according to Grundtvig and Bugge, the inhabitants of Vendill, the most northern part of Jutland, between Limfjord and the sea.
Wealh-þeów ([613], Wealh-þeó, [665], [1163]), the consort of King Hrôðgâr, of the stock of the Helmings, [621]. Her sons are Hrêðrîc and Hrôðmund, [1190]; her daughter, Freáwaru, [2023].
Weoh-stân (gen. Weox-stânes, [2603], Weoh-stânes, [2863], Wih-stânes, [2753], [2908], etc.), a Wægmunding ([2608]), father of Wîglâf, [2603]. In what relationship to him Älfhere, mentioned [2605], stands, is not clear.—Weohstân is the slayer of Eánmund ([2612]), in that, as it seems, he takes revenge for his murdered king, Heardrêd. See Eánmund.
Wîg-lâf, Weohstân's son, [2603], etc., a Wægmunding, [2815], and so also a Scylfing, [2604]; a kinsman of Älfhere, [2605]. For his relationship to Beówulf, see the genealogical table under Scylfingas.—He supports Beówulf in his fight with the drake, [2605] ff., [2662] ff. The hero gives him, before his death, his ring, his helm, and his coat of mail, [2810] ff.
Won-rêd (gen. Wonrêdes, [2972]), father of Wulf and Eofor, [2966], [2979].
Wulf (dat. Wulfe, [2994]), one of the Geátas, Wonrêd's son. He fights in the battle between the armies of Hygelâc and Ongenþeów with Ongenþeów himself, and gives him a wound ([2966]), whereupon Ongenþeów, by a stroke of his sword, disables him, [2975]. Eofor avenges his brother's fall by dealing Ongenþeów a mortal blow, [2978] ff.
Wulf-gâr, chief of the Wendlas, [348], lives at Hrôðgâr's court, and is his "âr and ombiht," [335].
Wylfingas (dat. Wylfingum, [461]). Ecgþeów has slain Heoðolâf, a warrior of this tribe, [460].
Yrmen-lâf, younger brother of Äschere, [1325].
ADDITIONAL.
Eotenas (gen. pl. Eotena, [1073], [1089], [1142]; dat. Eotenum, [1146]), the subjects of Finn, the North Frisians: distinguished from eoton, giant. Vid eoton. Cf. Bugge, Beit., xii. 37; Earle, Beowulf in Prose, pp. 146, 198.
Hrêðling, son of Hrêðel, Hygelâc: nom. sg. [1924]; nom. pl., the subjects of Hygelâc, the Geats, [2961].
Scêfing, the son (?) of Scêf, or Sceáf, reputed father of Scyld, [4]. See [Note].
ABBREVIATIONS.
| B.: | Bugge. |
| Br.: | S.A. Brooke, Hist. of Early Eng. Lit. |
| C.: | Cosijn. |
| E.: | Earle, Deeds of Beowulf in Prose. |
| G.: | Garnett, Translation of Beowulf |
| Gr.: | Grein. |
| H.: | Heyne. |
| Ha.: | Hall, Translation of Beowulf. |
| H.-So.: | Heyne-Socin, 5th ed. |
| Ho.: | Holder. |
| K.: | Kemble. |
| Kl.: | Kluge. |
| Müllenh.: | Müllenhoff. |
| R.: | Rieger. |
| S.: | Sievers. |
| Sw.: | Sweet, Anglo-Saxon Reader, 6th ed. |
| Ten Br.: | Ten Brink. |
| Th.: | Thorpe. |
| Z.: | Zupitza. |
PERIODICALS.
| Ang.: | Anglia. |
| Beit.: | Paul und Branne's Beiträge. |
| Eng. Stud.: | Englische Studien. |
| Germ.: | Germania. |
| Haupts Zeitschr.: | Haupts Zeitschrift, etc. |
| Mod. Lang. Notes: | Modern Language Notes. |
| Tidskr.: | Tidskrift for Philologi. |
| Zachers Zeitschr.: | Zachers Zeitschrift, etc. |