Statement of the Ordinary Expense Incurred By His Majesty in These Islands

Common gold
The president, governor, and captain-general of these islands receives an annual salary of eight thousand pesos de minas,or thirteen thousand two hundred and thirty-five pesos and two tomins.13U235 pesos, 2 tomins.
Four auditors and one fiscal receive each two thousand pesos de minas, which total sixteen thousand five hundred and forty-ninepesos and six granos.16U549 pesos, 6 granos.
One chaplain of the royal Audiencia, three hundred pesos.U300 pesos.
Three royal officials with five hundred and ten thousand maravedis apiece, which amounts to five thousand six hundred andtwenty-five pesos.5U625 pesos.
One chief clerk with a salary of three hundred pesos.U300 pesos.
Another clerk, for military affairs, with a salary of two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
Another clerk, for matters of trade, with the same salary.U200 pesos.
One executioner, with one hundred and fifty pesos.U150 pesos.
One notary, with two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
One galley-purser, with one hundred pesos.U100 pesos.
Alcaldes-mayor and corregidors
The alcalde-mayor of Tondo, with a salary of three hundred pesos.U300 pesos.
Of Bulacan, with another three hundred pesos.U300 pesos.
Of La Panpanga, the same.U300 pesos.
Of Laguna de Bay, the same.U300 pesos.
Of Calilaya, the same.U300 pesos.
Of Balayan, the same.U300 pesos.
Of Pangasinan, the same.U300 pesos.
Of Ylocos, the same.U300 pesos.
Of Carmarines, the same.U300 pesos.
Of Arevalo, the same.U300 pesos.
Of Cibu, the same.U300 pesos.
Corregidor of Calamianes, with two hundred and fifty pesos.U250 pesos.
Of Maribeles, with one hundred and fifty pesos.U150 pesos.
Of Mindoro, one hundred pesos.U100 pesos.
Of Catanduanes, one hundred and fifty pesos.U150 pesos.
Of Ybalon, two hundred pesos, because it serves also as the outpost of Capul.U200 pesos.
Of Panay, another two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
Leyte, one hundred and fifty pesos.U150 pesos.
Butuan, two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
Alcalde-mayor of Cagayan, three hundred pesos.U300 pesos.
Various salaries
One assayer and appraiser, with four hundred pesos.U400 pesos.
One navy storekeeper, two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
One clerk, for the warehouses of this city, with one hundred and fifty pesos.U150 pesos.
One shore master, with a salary of six hundred pesos.U600 pesos.
One clerk, for the warehouses of Cavite, with one hundred and forty pesos.U140 pesos.
One chief of galley construction, with five hundred pesos.U500 pesos.
Another carpenter, with two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
One hundred and sixty Indian carpenters at one-half real and their board daily; their wages amount annually to three thousandsix hundred and fifty pesos.3U650 pesos.
One master blacksmith, with five hundred pesos.U500 pesos.
The Indian smiths who serve in the smithies for various wages, now more and now less, which amount to one thousand one hundredpesos.1U100 pesos.
The charcoal used in the smithies and in the founding of artillery will amount to one thousand pesos.1U000 pesos.
One artillery and bell-founder, with a salary of one thousand pesos.1U000 pesos.
In the said founding eight hundred pesos will be spent yearly in paying the Indians who work at it, and in other petty expenses.U800 pesos.
One master powder-maker, with six hundred pesos.U600 pesos.
In the manufacture of powder, twenty or twenty-five mortars are used, which are manipulated by slaves of private persons,who place them there for evil conduct; and nothing but their board is given them.
Four coopers and one workman—the former with wages of three hundred pesos apiece, besides their rations of rice; and the workman,with forty-eight pesos: All together amounting to one thousand two hundred and forty-eight pesos.1U248 pesos.
Six calkers, with wages of three hundred pesos apiece, besides their rations of rice, which amount to one thousand eight hundredpesos.1U800 pesos.
At the time of careening and repairing the ships, and for other extraordinary matters in this trade of the calkers, some receivedaily wages of two pesos and two and one-half pesos apiece, which will amount to one thousand five hundred pesos annually.1U500 pesos.
There are sixty sailors, or two more or less, who are kept here. As for those who come in vessels from Nueva España, theyserve in the port of Cavite, and in the warehouses; and sail in fragatas used to carry rice, rigging, pitch, and other articleswhich are offered and taken to the said warehouses. They receive wages of one hundred and fifty pesos, besides the rations of rice,which amount to nine thousand pesos.9U000 pesos.
There are also other sailors and other workmen who come in the ships from Nueva España, and take from here a certificationof their services here, by virtue of which they are paid in Mexico; while nothing more than their rations of rice are paidthem here, which amount to three fanégas of unwinnowed rice apiece per month, and some additional aid from year to year, andbetween the departure of the vessels. The total will amount to eight thousand pesos.8U000 pesos.
There are three pilots, who are experienced in the navigation between these islands and the mainland, for some voyages thatare usually made to the mainland near these islands, and who receive six hundred pesos apiece, or one thousand eight hundredpesos.1U800 pesos.
In the royal warehouses of this city, ten Indians generally serve from month to month. They receive apiece one peso per month,and their board, which amounts to one hundred and twenty pesos.U120 pesos.
In the fragatas and other vessels of his Majesty which ply amid these islands eighty Indians are employed from month to month,each receiving one peso per month and their board, which amounts to nine hundred and sixty pesos.U960 pesos.
For the service of the port of Cavite and its vessels, sixty Indians are generally drafted each month. They are paid six realsper month and their board, a total of five hundred and forty pesos.U540 pesos.
To three Indian rope-makers who assist in the rope-factory at Manila, where the hemp rigging is made, are paid total annualwages of one hundred and fifty pesos.U150 pesos
Each month thirty Indians work month by month in this rope factory, to whom are paid six reals per month and their rationsof rice, a total of two hundred and seventy pesos.U270 pesos.
Purchases
The black rigging and that made from abaca in Balayan for the ships and galleys will amount to four thousand pesos.4U000 pesos.
Every year hemp brought from Japon is bought for rigging, which from year to year will amount to one thousand five hundredpesos.1U500 pesos.
One thousand six hundred quintals of pitch, at ten reals per quintal, are also used annually, which amounts to two thousandone hundred and twenty-five pesos2U125 pesos.
The saltpeter purchased for this camp will average from year to year one thousand eight hundred pesos. Some years it will amount to more or less.1U800 pesos.
The bonote[2] purchased to calk the vessels [going to New Spain?] and other ships will amount to two hundred and seventy pesosU270 pesos.
Arquebus fuses, one hundred and fifty pesos.U150 pesos.
The cocoa-oil purchased for the churches where the sacraments are administered amounts to two hundred and fifty pesos.U250 pesos.
The fish-oil and galagal for the careening and repairing of the ships amounts to nine hundred pesos.U900 pesos.
Six hundred picos of iron, at various prices are used in addition to that brought by sail from Nueva España, which will amountto two thousand pesos.2U000 pesos.
Item: Four hundred picos of nails, which, at the least price, is seven pesos [per pico], amount to two thousand eight hundredpesos.2U800 pesos.
The canvas bought annually for the sails of the ships and other vessels, exclusive of those for the galleys (which is includedin gross expense of those vessels), amounts from year to year to six thousand pieces at three reals apiece, which makes atotal of two thousand two hundred and fifty pesos.2U250 pesos.
For the other trifling expenses incurred in building each year, to which, as they are various, no name can be given, are spent two thousand pesos.2U000 pesos.
The purchases of timbers and ribs and their carriage to the port of Cavite and other ports, for the ships made and repaired,will amount to two thousand two hundred pesos.2U200 pesos.
Likewise for the food supplies bought annually for the voyage of the ships to Nueva España, and other trifles, are spent eleventhousand pesos.11U000 pesos.
The rice purchased yearly, and collected from the tributes, amounts to fourteen or fifteen thousand pesos for the supportof the people in [government] service, and is given them in place of board and rations. To each one is given the amount thathe must have according to his work and contract. Six thousand fanégas of this is given to the orders and hospitals, whichhis Majesty has ordered to be given them annually. Of the above quantity of fifteen thousand pesos, two thirds, or ten thousandpesos, are not mentioned here; for the other third is used in the galleys, of whose expense a report is made later, and inthat report enters this third part which is still to be mentioned10U000 pesos.
The artillery balls bought annually from Japon amount yearly to six hundred pesos.U600 pesos.
The lead bought for the musket and arquebus balls amounts on an average to one thousand five hundred pesos.1U500 pesos.
The copper used in founding the artillery is computed at one thousand pesos annually.1U000 pesos.
The tin and other metals for the mixture amount to another thousand pesos.1U000 pesos.
Salaries and expenses among the ecclesiastics, and in the churches and doctrinas [i.e., missions]
Archbishop of Manila, with an annual salary of four thousand one hundred and twenty-five pesos4U125 pesos.
Bishop of Cibu, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.1U838 pesos.
Bishop of Cagayan, the same1U838 pesos.
Bishop of Camarines, the same1U838 pesos.
The dean of Manila, six hundred pesosU600 pesos.
The archdeacon, five hundred pesosU500 pesos.
The precentor, another five hundred pesosU500 pesos.
The schoolmaster, another five hundred pesosU500 pesos.
The treasurer, another five hundred pesosU500 pesos.
Four canons, with salaries of four hundred pesos apiece, which amounts to one thousand six hundred pesos1U600 pesos.
Two racioneros[3] with three hundred pesos apiece, amounting to six hundred pesosU600 pesos.
Two medio-racioneros,[4] with two hundred pesos apieceU400 pesos.
One chaplain of the college of Santa Potenciana, with three hundred pesosU300 pesos.
To the convent of San Agustín in this city, six hundred pesos and six hundred fanégas of rice, for six religious who are engagedthere in instruction; given by decree of his MajestyU600 pesos.
To the above convent, seven hundred pesos annually, which sum is the situados from two encomiendas, given for the buildingof the convent, until the fulfilment of three of his Majesty’s decrees—one of which grants ten thousand ducados, another sixthousand, and the third two thousandU700 pesos.
Each of the two convents of St. Dominic and of the Society of Jesus are given four hundred pesos and four hundred fanégasof rice for four religious, which amount to eight hundred pesosU800 pesos.
And although his Majesty orders the same to be given to the convent of St. Francis they neither accept nor wish it.
To the convent of Santisimo Nombre de Jesus, in Cibu, are given annually two hundred pesos and two hundred fanégas of rice.That convent was the first one founded.U200 pesos.
In the doctrinas of the encomiendas belonging to his Majesty in these islands (which were mentioned in the statement of the incomes), there are fifty-eight religious whoadminister instruction therein; and, according to the stipend given to each one, the total amounts to seven thousand and seventy-onepesos7U071 pesos.
To six parish priests and their sacristans, located in the six Spanish settlements—namely, Manila, Caceres, Segovia, Arebalo,Villa Fernandina, and Cibu—are given salaries of fifty thousand maravedís to each priest, and twenty-five thousand to eachsacristan, making a total of one thousand six hundred and fifty-four pesos, three tomins, and two granos7U654 pesos, 3 tomins, 2 granos.
Three other parish priests and two sacristans, for the towns of Cavite and La Hermita de Guia, and for the natives in Manilaand those outside its walls, receive a total of seven hundred pesosU700 pesos.
It appears that there has been excessive expense hitherto in the building of churches; but at present there is not so much,because there is not given to any church that is being rebuilt that part [of the expense] pertaining to his Majesty—and whichhis Majesty should have paid—in the encomiendas of private persons. For the churches in the lands of the royal crown the amountaverages four thousand pesos annually4U000 pesos.
For the ornaments given to the doctrinas of the encomiendas apportioned to the royal crown, exclusive of missal-books andother articles from Nueva España, six hundred pesosU600 pesos.
To the three convents of St. Augustine, Santo Domingo, and the Society of Jesus, are given medicines according to his Majesty’sdecree. This amounts annually to six hundred pesosU600 pesos.
Item: Six hundred Castilian ducados, given to the Manila cathedral, by decree of his Majesty—five hundred for music and the verger,and one hundred for the building of the church.U85 pesos.
Item: Four hundred pesos, to be given annually to the said cathedral, by decree of his Majesty, for six years, for wine, wax,and other thingsU400 pesos.
Item: Five hundred ducados, given annually by order of Don Luis Perez Dasmariñas, former governor of these islands, to the nativehospital of this city. This amounts to six hundred and eighty-seven pesos and four tomins. Further, one thousand five hundredfanégas of rice, one thousand five hundred fowls, and a number of coverlets for the sickU687 pesos, [tomins]
Item: To the hospital of Cagayan, three hundred pesos annually, by order of Doctor Santiago de Vera, former governor of these islandsU300 pesos.
Extraordinary expenses
On his Majesty’s account, a vessel is annually despatched to the kingdom of Japon with an embassy and present to the king.This, with other embassies to various other kings and lords, and many other trifling matters, will amount to six thousandpesos annually6U000 pesos.
Likewise there is another expense of the two salaries paid at the same time to a governor, auditor, or royal official; forfrom their departure from España until their arrival here the salary of each is paid to him, as well as to the official here,so that two salaries are paid at the same time for one office. These amount annually to about two thousand pesos2U000 pesos.
The salaries paid to the agents who collect the tributes of his Majesty’s encomiendas, and the situados of individuals, inaccordance with what each one collects, and the commission given him, amount to one thousand six hundred pesos[1U600 pesos]
Expenses of the soldiers and their officers
One master-of-camp, with a salary of one thousand six hundred and fifty-three pesos.1U653 [pesos]
This camp of Manila has five captains, each receiving a salary of four hundred and twenty pesos, which amount to two thousand one hundred pesos.[2U100 pesos]
Five alferezes, with a salary of two hundred and forty pesos apiece, which amount to one thousand two hundred pesos1U200 [pesos]
Five sergeants with one hundred and twenty pesos apiece, which amount to six hundred pesosU600 [pesos]
Five drummers, with seventy-two pesos apiece, which amount to three hundred and sixty pesosU360 [pesos]
Five fifers, with the same payU360 [pesos]
Five shield-bearers, with the same payU360 [pesos]
Also five standard-bearers, with the same payU360 [pesos]
At present there are also two captains, two alferezes, two sergeants, two drummers, two fifers, two shield-bearers, and twostandard-bearers, who all receive the same pay as those above—but they do not draw it in the lump but only for extraordinaryexpenses—who were appointed for the reënforcement of the Pintados.
Item: One commanding officer of this reënforcement, with eight hundred pesos’ pay annually.[800 pesos]
Item: One sargento-mayor, with the same pay as the captains above-mentioned.
His adjutant, with the same pay as that of this camp.
According to the last musters made, there are five hundred and sixteen foot soldiers, of whom one hundred and four latelydeparted for the said reënforcement of the Pintados. Among them are included fourteen corporals, twelve halberdiers of thecaptain-general’s guard, and those serving in the fort of Santiago. At the rate of six pesos apiece per month, this amountsto thirty-seven thousand one hundred and fifty-two pesos annually37U152 pesos.
Item: At the option of the captain-general, one thousand pesos is distributed among all the soldiers, ten pesos being given toeach soldier whom the captain-general wishes to favor.1U000 pesos.
Item: There are one hundred musketeers among all this soldiery, each of whom receives two pesos more each month than the pay ofthe arquebusiers of infantry. This amounts to two thousand four hundred pesos2U400 pesos.
Item: There are fourteen corporals, each of whom receives twelve pesos more per year than the pay of the infantrymen. This amountsto one hundred and sixty-eight pesosU168 pesos.
There is an artillery-captain in the camp, with an annual salary of four hundred and twenty pesosU420 pesos.
An adjutant of the sargento-mayor, with one hundred and eighty pesos’ payU180 pesos.
One campaign barrachel,[5] with the same payU180 pesos.
One head drummer, with seventy-two pesosU072 pesos.
One captain of the guard of the captain-general, with two hundred and forty pesos.U240 pesos.
One corporal of the said guard, with eighty-four pesosU084 pesos.
In the presidio of the town of Arevalo are one sergeant and twenty-nine infantrymen, with the same pay as the others, whichamounts to two thousand two hundred and eight pesos2U208 pesos.
In the presidio of Cibu are a captain, alferez, sergeant, drummer, fifer, shield-bearer, standard-bearer, and eighty-threeinfantrymen, all with the pay above mentioned for the others. The total amounts to seven thousand and forty-four pesos7U044 pesos.
Item: One adjutant of the sargento-mayor, with ninety-six pesosU096 pesos.
In the presidio of Cagayan are a sargento-mayor, and another sergeant, each drawing ninety-six pesos; and forty-seven infantrymen,with the same pay as the others. The total amounts to three thousand five hundred and seventy-six pesos.3U576 pesos.
In this camp there are usually twelve artillerymen, who serve in the fortresses, ships, and on other occasions of the camp.They draw pay of two hundred pesos apiece, the total amounting to two thousand four hundred pesos, beside their rations ofrice.2U400 pesos.
In the districts of Calamianes and Leyte are eight infantrymen, whose pay amounts to five hundred and seventy-six pesos.U576 pesos.
By virtue of one of his Majesty’s decrees, brought by Governor Don Pedro de Acuña, and of a clause of the instructions receivedhere by Don Francisco Tello, the said Don Pedro de Acuña began to rebuild the galleys, and, as appears, built four galleys.After having often adjusted the expenses incurred by his Majesty annually in salaries, food, and other expenses of galleys,the expense is found always to reach six thousand pesos per galley. At present there are two eighteen-bench galliots, theexpenses of which, likewise adjusted, amount to four thousand five hundred pesos apiece, a total of nine thousand pesos.9U000 pesos.
Item: There is usually one sentry-post in the island of Maribeles, which receives two hundred and forty pesos for the pay of theIndians serving in it, besides the rice given them as rations.U240 pesos.
Castellans
One castellan of the fort of Santiago in this city of Manila, with a salary of eight hundred pesos annually.U800 pesos.
One lieutenant, with pay of three hundred pesos.U300 pesos.
Item: One sergeant, with one hundred and twenty pesos; one corporal, with eighty-four pesos; a drummer and fifer, with seventy-twopesos’ pay apiece; all amounting to three hundred and forty-eight pesos.U348 pesos.
In Cagayan, a governor of the fortress, with title of captain, who draws a salary of two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
One lieutenant, with ninety-six pesos.U096 pesos.
In Arevalo there is another governor of the fort, with two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
In Cibu is another governor of the fort, with two hundred pesos.U200 pesos.
One lieutenant with ninety-six pesos.U096 pesos.
Expenses. 255U578 pesos, 1 [tomin], 8 [granos].
Incomes. 120U561 pesos, 2 [granos].
Excess of expenses over incomes. 135U017 pesos, 1 [tomin], 6 [granos].

The incomes total one hundred and twenty thousand five hundred and sixty-one pesos and two granos; and the expenses two hundred and fifty-five thousand five hundred and seventy-eight pesos, one tomin, and eight granos of common gold. In conformity to this, the said expenses exceed the said incomes by one hundred and thirty-five thousand and seventeen pesos, one tomin, and six granos.

The above statement was drawn from the royal books in our charge, at the order of Don Rodrigo de Bibero, president, governor, and captain-general of these islands. Manila, August eighteen, in the year one thousand six hundred and eight.

Pedro de Caldierva de Mariaca

Alonso Despia Ssaravia

[1] Situado is used here to mean the extra income from the encomiendas which is obtained by increasing the tribute from eight reals to ten. This was done at the time when Gomez Perez Dasmariñas was sent to govern the Philippines; see his instructions (Vol. VII, pp. 145, 146), and cf. Morga’s Sucesos, chap. viii (Vol. XVI of this series; and Hakluyt Society’s trans., pp. 325, 326). The two reals thus gained were to be thus applied: one-half real, to pay the obligations of the tithes; one and one-half reals, for the pay of soldiers, etc.

Prof. E.G. Bourne says: “Many of the Spanish colonies received regular situados from the crown to make up their annual deficits. The word may mean subsidy, appropriation, rent, or income, according to the context.” Humboldt mentions—in New Spain (Black’s trans.), iv, pp. 228, 229—the situados, “remittances of specie annually, made to other Spanish colonies” from the treasury of Mexico, which in 1803 amounted to 3,500,000 piastres. These remittances from Mexico of course ceased when that colony revolted from Spain and became a republic (1823).

Still another meaning of situado is given by Bowring (Philippine Islands, pp. 98, 99): “As it is, the Philippines have made, and continue to make, large contributions to the mother country, generally in excess of the stipulated amount which is called the situado.”

[2] The husk surrounding the cocoanut; it is used for making cordage and calking vessels.

[3] A prebendary who enjoys the benefice called racion.

[4] The prebendary immediately subordinate to the racionero.

[5] Barrachel: the alguacil-mayor. This word is now obsolete.