N.
Naas or Noosdalum.
American: tribes of the W. coast, spoken about N.L. 53°.
Nabadache.
American: tribes of Caddos.
Nabathæan.
Semitic: a form of Syriac; name for character of early Bedaween inscriptions.
Nachhereng.
Non-Aryan language of India, belonging to the Kiranti group, E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Nadic, see [Natic].
Nadowessier.
American: tribes of Dacotah or Sioux.
Naga.
Indo-Chinese: aboriginal tribes of snake worshippers; same as Kookie. The word “Naga” means “snake” or “serpent” in Sanskrit; compare the Latin “a-nguis.” Pánchála, the ancient dominion of the Nágás, is now Rohilcund; they were also in the Deccan. Mr. Hunter distinguishes the following dialects, viz.: Angami, Khari, Mithan, Namsang, Nowgong, Tablung, Tengsa. See Vocabys. in “Comp. Dicty.”
⁂ It is also used as a general term applied to mountaineers of the N.E. frontier of Bengal. W. E.
Nagailer.
American: tribe of Tacullies or Carriers; also called Chin-Indians.
Nagoe, Nagoo.
African: sub-dialect of Papaa, i.e., Popo or Dahomey, spoken on the Slave-coast.
Nagranda.
American: tribes of Chorotegans in the plains of Leon. See Squier’s “Nicaragua,” New York, 1852.
Naguegtgaquehi.
American: tribes of Abipones.
Nahuatl.
American: primitive language of Anahuac, or Mexico, before the Aztec. See [Niquiran].
Naikude.
Non-Aryan language of Central India, allied to Kolami and Gondi. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” H. C. See [Naik].
Nakhchuo.
Native name for the Chech or Tschetsch, language of the Caucasus. H. C.
Naknanuk.
American: dialect of Botocudo, spoken by mountaineers of Brasil. See Castelnau’s “Exped.,” vol. v., p. 249.
Nalu.
African: somewhat allied to Felup. Small Vocaby. in Latham’s “Elements,” p. 596.
Namaqua.
African: Hottentot of the W. coast. Grammar and Vocaby. by Tindall.
Namollo.
Tschuktshi: Eskimo of N.E. Asia.
Namsang, Namseng.
Indo-Chinese: dialect of Singpho. See [Naga].
Nancowry.
Malayan: dialect of the Nicobar Is.
Nandako.
American: tribes of Caddos.
Nankinese, see Kiang-Nan.
Nano.
African: classed by Bleek as Bunda.
Nanticok.
American: Algonkin of the Susquehanna. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 111.
Napoli, see [Neapolitan].
Narea.
Sub-Semitic: dialect of Amharic.
Narragansetts.
American: Algonkin of the Massachusetts coast-line. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 110. See also Vocaby. in Wood’s “New England’s Prospect,” &c., Boston, 1764; “A Key into the Language of America,” &c., by Roger Williams, Boston, 1810.
Narymshen.
Ugrian: tribe of Samoyed.
Na-Squally, under [S].
Nassau, see [Poggy].
Natchez.
American: tribe of Creek Indians; it is spoken in Louisiana. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 94.
⁂ It appears to be related to the language of Terra del Fuego. H. C.
Natic.
American: tribes of Massachusetts. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. i., p. 288.
Navaho.
American: Athabascan of U. California and New Mexico, allied to Chepewyan and Apache. Schoolcraft’s “Ind. Tribes,” vol. iv., p. 416.
Navarrese.
A name for Basque. Prince Louis L. Bonaparte distinguishes four spoken dialects, viz.: N. and S. High-Navarrese, E. and W. Low-Navarrese.
Navigators, see [Samoan].
Nawer.
Gipsey dialect of Egypt.
Ndob.
African: dialect of the Gaboon, allied to Tumu and Nfut. H. C.
Neapolitan.
Romance: the patois of Naples; a sub-dialect of Italian. Vocaby. by Galiani, Naples, 1789.
Neger-Englische, see [Creolese].
Negrij-baru.
Malayan: sub-dialect of Menadu.
Negritic, Negrito.
Class name for dialects of Polynesian, spoken by dark-skinned races of the Indian Archipelago, applied primarily to New Guinea, Australia, &c.
⁂ The true Negritos are the black population of the Philippine Islands and the Malay peninsula, and, according to Mr. Wallace, “Malay Archipelago,” vol. ii., pp. 451-3, are quite distinct from the Papuans, as well as from the Malays, and rather of Asiatic than of Polynesian origin. P. J. V. See [Pygmean].
Negro.
(1) African, see [Nigritian].
(2) American, see [Creole].
Nehethowuck, Nenawehk.
American: tribes of Crees.
Nenetsch.
Ugrian: tribes of Samoyeds.
Nengone.
Papuan: dialect of the Loyalty Is., S. Pacific. Also called Mare.
Neo-Hellenic.
Later Greek. See under [Romaic].
Nepaulese, see [Nipal].
Nepesang, see [Nipissing].
Nertshinsk, Nerchinsk.
Moghol: dialect of Tungus, closely allied to Yakutsk.
Nestorian.
Semitic: a name for Estrangelo, an ancient form of Syriac. See Syro-Chaldee.
Netela.
American: dialect of New California, allied to the Kij, Paduca, Uta, and Comanche. See Buschmann: “Die Sprachen Netela,” Berlin, 1856. H. C.
Netherlandish.
Germanic: classed as Low-Dutch. See [Flemish].
Neufchatel.
Romance: French dialect of Switzerland. “Dialogue,” &c., Neufchatel, 1825.
Neu Hoch-Deutsch.
Teutonic: literary High-German, dating from Luther. See [Misnian].
Nevome.
American: same as Pima.
New Caledonia, see [Baladea].
New England Indian.
American: dialects of Algonkin.
Newfoundland.
American: classed in E. branch of Algonkin. Dialects are Belhuck (extinct), Mikmak, and Millicite.
New Guinea.
Negritic of the Indian Archipelago. Native Christian teachers landed there in 1871. W. G.
⁂ I believe that Mr. Wallace is right in his distinction between Negritos and Papuans, and that the name of Negrito, given by the Spaniards to the black population of the Philippines, should not be applied to the inhabitants of New Guinea. P. J. V. See [Papuan].
New Hebrides.
(1) Negritic. The principal islands of this archipelago are Tana, Aneitum, Erromango, Mallicolo, and L’Espirito Santo; for the first four we have vocabularies and grammatical sketches, of which Tana and Mallicolo date from Cook’s voyage in 1772-5.
(2) Polynesian. In Futuma, Nina, and some parts of the Fate or Sandwich Is., the language is not Papuan but Polynesian, and allied to the Rarotongan and Samoan. See Cook’s “Voyage to the S. Pole,” London, 1777.
New Holland, see [Australian].
New Ireland.
Negrito: a dialect of Polynesian. See Crawfurd’s Dissert., “Malay Grammar.”
New S. Wales.
Province of Australia. Specimens by Threlkeld, Sydney.
New Sweden, see [Myncquesar].
New Zealand, see [Maori].
Newari.
Language of the valley of Nipal; it is allied to Pahri. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.” A. C.
Nez-Percees.
American: French name for the Sahaptin Indians.
Ngoala.
African: dialect of the Gaboon. See [Angola].
Ngodzen.
African: dialect of Bornui, allied to Bode, Dodi, Houssa, and perhaps to Puelche. H. C.
Ngoko.
Javanese. A verbal form derived from “Ko,” the pronoun of the second person, by which common people are addressed. Hence the low or common Javanese is called “Basa-Ngoko.” The term “Ngoko” may be compared to the French “tutoyer,” or the German “duzen.” A few words peculiarly used in contemptuous language are designated by the name of “Ngoko andap,” “Low Ngoko.” P. J. V.
Ngoten.
African: dialect of the Gaboon, allied to Melon and Nhalemoe. H. C.
Nguru.
African: dialect of Bornui, allied to Kanuri and Munio. H. C.
Nhalemoe.
African: dialect of the Gaboon. It has the same affinities as Ngoten. H. C.
Niam-Niam, see [Sandeh].
Nias.
Malayan: the language of the I. of Nias on the W. coast of Sumatra. The dialects of the N. and S. parts of the island differ considerably, but both are akin to the Batta language of Sumatra. P. J. V.
Nibalu.
African: sub-dialect of Kouri; said to be spoken in the Chamba country. H. C.
Nicaraguan, see [Niquiran].
Nice, see [Nissarda].
Nicobar.
Malayan: islands in the Bay of Bengal. Language of mixed character. H. C.
Niebelungen-Lied.
Great German mythological poem, attributed to Herr von Ofterdingen; Eng. by Lettsom.
Nieder-Deutsch, see [Dutch].
Nieder-Sachsisch, see [Low-Saxon].
Nieue, Niuen.
Polynesian of the Savage Islands, S. Pacific, 19° S.L., 169° W.L.; closely allied to Tongan, and also to Rarotongan. W. G. L.
Nigori.
Japanese: accent word.
Nigritian.
African: pure Negro of Negro-land; dialects of the Soudan, situated along the course of the R. Niger.
Nihaloitih.
American: Watlala tribe of Chinuks; also called Echeloots. See [Nihal].
Nij.
Caucasian: a sub-dialect of the Ude. H. C.
Nilgherries, Nilgiri, see [Tuda].
Ning-po.
Colloquial Chinese.
Nipal.
Mixed forms of speech: Indo-Chinese, Indic, Sub-Dravidian; many aboriginal tribes of the Himalayas. Denwari, Newari, Khaspoora. They use the Devanagri character. Papers by Hodgson in “Jnl. As. Socy. of Bengal,” 1830. See [Parbuttia].
Nipissing.
American: Algonkin of Montreal, L. Canada.
Nippegon.
American: name for the Winnebagos.
Niquiran.
American: Nahuatl dialect of Mexican, spoken in Nicaragua. See [Tlaskalteca].
Nishada.
Sanskrit word for “outcast,” applied as a name for Dravidian, and to all aboriginal races.
⁂ It is the best and most comprehensive name, dating at least from as early as the fourth century B.C. W. S. W. V. See [Pariah].
Nishi or Niski (Neshki).
Semitic: modern alphabetic character; name applied to the “nice” or finished writing of Arabic; also adopted in writing Turkish, Urdu, Malay, &c.; used also in printed Persian. See [Talik].
Nissarda.
Romance: Italian dialect of Nice. Grammar by Micen, Nizza, 1841 (Nice).
Nitendi, see [Indeni].
Niuen, under [Nieue].
Nizhni.
Moghol: closely allied to Selenga; also called Nizniah-Uda.
Nizza, see [Nissarda].
Njenez, see [Nenetsch].
Njoko, see [Ngoko].
Nkele.
African: dialect of the Gaboon.
Nogay.
Turkee: closely allied to Bashkir.
Nogoten, see [Ngoten].
Norfolk.
Provincial dialect of English, classed as E. Anglian. See “Promptorium Parvulorum,” Edit. Way (Camden Soc.); Forby’s Vocaby., London, 1830; Nall’s “Guide to Great Yarmouth,” London, 1866. W. W. S.
Norfolk-Sound.
American: Kolush of Sitka.
Norman.
Romance: patois of France, sometimes called Norman-French. Old Norman was a dialect of the Langue d’oïl. See Kelham’s Dictionary, London, 1779.
Norse, Norsk.
Same as Icelandic or Scandinavian. See “Old nordisk Formlaere,” by Wimmer, Steen, 1870.
North American, under [Indian].
Northumbrian.
Provincial dialect of England, to which Lowland Scottish is closely allied. Glossary in Ray’s Collection; Brockett’s “Glossary of North-Country Words,” London, 1846; also “Proceedings of Ethnol. Soc.,” vol. i., pp. 123-39.
⁂ The best examples of Old Northumbrian are exhibited in the glosses to the Latin Gospels in the celebrated Durham Book, and the Rushworth MSS. W. W. S.
Norton-Sound.
American: dialects of Eskimo.
Norwegian.
(1) Scandinavian: Old Norwegian is the Norse of Iceland; Modern Norwegian is a form of Danish. Grammar by Foss, Christiania, 1858; Practical Introduction by Fraedersdorff, London, 1860.
⁂ Twenty sub-dialects are enumerated by Aasen: “Ordbog,” Christiania, 1850.
(2) Ugrian: see Quanian.
Nosindambo.
Native appellation for the I. of Madagascar.
Notargekon.
Hebrew anagrams: superstition of Cabalistic Jews.
Nottoway.
American: S. dialect of Iroquois, spoken in N. Carolina, and closely allied to Tuscarora. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 115.
Noub, see [Nubian].
Nova Scotia.
American: Mikmak dialect of Algonkin.
Nowgong.
Indo-Chinese: Singpo dialect of Assam. See [Naga].
Nsietshawus.
American: Upper Killamuks; dialect of Atna or Selish, spoken in the Oregon district. “Amer. Ethnol.,” vol. ii., p. 120. See [Jagon].
Nso.
African: dialect of the Gaboon.
Ntere.
African: dialect of Kaffir, allied to Mbamba, Kanyika, Musentando, &c. H. C.
Nubian.
African of the Valley of the Nile, from the frontier of Egypt (i.e., the Tropic of Cancer) to the boundary of Abyssinia. Its three known dialects are (1) the Kenuz, that of the most northern portion: the Dodeka Skoinos of the classical geographers, the most northern division of the Roman province of Egypt—of this the word “Kenuz” is a corruption; (2) the Noub, or Nubian proper; (3) the Dongolawy of Dongola on the south. The Arabic has greatly encroached upon the languages or dialects of this class. R. G. L.
Nufi.
African: dialects of Nigritian; also called Tappa or Tapua.
⁂ The following vocabularies are Nufi:—Appa, Basa, Bujanne, Dsuku, Ebe, Egbira-Himi, Eregba, Esitako, Goali, Kakanda, Kupu, Musu, Nupayse, Opanda, Shabbie, Yala. See Clarke’s “Dialects,” p. 35. R. G. L.
Nukahiva.
Polynesian of the Marquesas Is. See [Marquesan].
Numelaha.
Koriak name for the Kamtshatlans.
Numidian.
African: from “Numidæ,” a Latinized form of nomades; Greek “nomos,” “a pasture.” Known by inscriptions in the form of dedication stones from N. Africa, and consisting of picture-writing and variants of the early Semitic alphabet.
Numismatic.
Many archaic forms of ancient alphabetic characters, known by inscriptions on coins. See Akerman’s “Numismatic Manual.”
Nurnberg, Nuremberg.
Teutonic: dialect of High-German. Dicty. by Gerischer, Leipzig, 1835.
Nusdalum, under [Naas].
Nut (Bazeegur).
Hindostani: dialects of Bazighurs in Bengal. See [Nat].
Nutka.
American: tribes of Van Couver’s Is. Same as Wakash and Yucuatl.
Nyamnyam.
African: spoken on the Nile about 5° N.L. Known only from a short vocabulary by Petherick. R. G. L. See [Sandeh].
Nyangeyarentshi, Nyegantshi.
African: both assigned by Barth to the Hamarua.
Nyffe, see [Nufi].
Nyombe.
African: dialect of Kaffir, allied to Lubalo, Songo, Runda, &c. H. C.
ADDENDA.
Naik, Nayak, Naikara.
A predatory tribe of Guzarat, N.E. of Baroda. W. E. See [Naikude].
Nat, Nata, Natwa.
A gipsey tribe of U. India. W. E. See [Nut].
Nayadi.
Outcast race of Malabar, inhabiting the forests N. of Cochin. They wear a covering of leaves, and their language is not intelligible to the people of the plains. Corruptly Naiadis. W. E.
Nesakula, Nesabidaru.
A class of bird-catchers in the Carnatic, speaking a corrupt dialect. W. E.
New Caledonia, see [Takulli].
Nihal.
An aboriginal race of Central India, said to be older than the Gonds. W. E.
Nisovi.
Ugrian: local dialect of Samoied, spoken N. of the Beresov.
Nomadic.
A term applied to the Turanian dialects, as the languages of nomades or wandering tribes, in contradistinction to the Aryan and Semitic dialects, which have been called “state or political languages.” G. R.
Northamptonshire.
A dialect of England. See the Glossaries by Miss Baker and Sternberg. W. W. S.
Nukonono.
Polynesian: mixed dialect of Tahitian and Rarotongan. One of the Manüki group. W. G.