R.
Rabbinic.
Later Hebrew; applied also to the cursive alphabet used by the Rabbins, and in a modified form by German and Polish Jews. See [Talmudic].
Radack, Ralick.
Polynesian: chain of islands in Lord Mulgrave’s archipelago; allied to Carolines.
Radigeurs.
American: French name for Shoshones.
Rafael, see [Raphael].
Raffles’ Bay.
Australian: See Wilson’s “Narrative,” London, 1835.
Rafizies.
Shiah-Mohammedans of Ghazan, Central Asia.
Ragusan.
Slavonic: local dialect of Illyrian, spoken in Dalmatia.
Rahwa.
Native name for aborigines of Western Esthonia and Eastern Livonia. See [Lief].
Raj-Mahali.
Dravidian: dialect of Tamil. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Rakkaing (Rukheng).
Monosyllabic: dialect of this tribe in N. Arracan, classed as Indo-Chinese. A. C. See [Ro].
Ralick, see [Radack].
Ramasi (Rah-már-syána).
Indian: slang of Thugs. Wilson.
Ramosi, Ramoosee.
Dialect of Mahratta spoken by a low race, resembling the Bheels, ranging from Poona, S. to Kolapur. Wilson.
Raphael, San.
American: Tchokoyem Indians of Californian Mission; closely allied to Talatui, and classed as Diegunos.
Rarotongan.
A dialect of Eastern Polynesia spoken by the natives of the entire Hervey group comprising the Islands of Rarotonga, Mangaia, Aitutaki, with several smaller ones. The group is situated 18° to 22° S. lat., and 157° to 160° W. long. W. G. L.
Rarung, Rasgramee.
Indian: local dialects of Kunawar.
Ras, Rasena.
Native appellation of Old Etruscans; the word is supposed to survive in Rhætian, and Tschudi quotes a list of Romansch words, which he considers to have been derived from the Etruscan. See Taylor’s “Words and Places,” p. 49, 2nd edit.
Ratahan.
Malayan: sub-dialect of Menadu. Vocaby. in Wallace’s “M. Archipelago.”
Ravensberg.
Teutonic: dialect of Low-German, “Westphalian Magazine” for 1788.
Rdjagar.
Indian: a Sanskritic dialect of Thibet.
Redscar Bay.
Negrito: dialect of Papuan. Vocaby. in Macgillivray’s “Voyage of the Rattlesnake,” vol. ii., p. 318.
Reduplicated.
Words found in all languages having sounds or syllables doubled, as “hoddy-doddy” for “snail;” “hogan-mogan,” “a Dutch man of rank.” Dicty. by Wheatley, London, 1866.
Reindeer.
Ugrian: a dialect of Koriak spoken by Tshuktshi in Kamskatka.
Rejang, Redjang.
A dialect of Malay, perhaps sufficiently distinct to be considered as a peculiar language, and spoken in Sumatra in the Rejang districts of the interior, and in the adjacent districts of Bencoolen. It is written with the Palembang or Renchong alphabet. P. J. V. See [Palembang].
Rekhta.
“Mixed language,” applied to Hindostani or Urdu.
Rembokeng.
Malayan: sub-dialect of Menadu.
Rennes.
Romance; patois of French. “Memoirs Fr. Antiq. Society,” vol. vi.
Rennthier.
German form of “rein-deer,” applied to the Tshuktshi.
Reval, Revel.
Finnish: local dialect of Esthonian. See [Dorpat].
Rhætian.
The class of languages spoken in the Tyrol, to which the Etruscan has also been referred. See Palæo-Georgian.
Rhæto-Romanic.
Same as Churwalsche; name for the patois of La Suisse Romane as spoken in the Rhætian Alps. Glossary by Bridel, Lausanne, 1866.
Rhatore, see [Mewara].
Rhenish.
Germanic: sub-dialect of Nieder-Deutsch. See Müller’s “Provinzialismen,” Aachen, 1838.
Riccari.
American, also written Aricara; name for the Satrahe tribes of Pawnee Indians.
Rihani.
Arabic: term used for titular characters, or inscriptions on monuments.
Ro.
Monosyllabic; sub-dialect of Rakkeng. See [Rossawn].
Rodiya.
Indian: rude dialect of Ceylon, allied to Hindi. Small Vocaby. by Dr. Roth in Latham’s “Elements,” p. 233.
Rodong.
Non-Aryan language of Nipal, belonging to the Kiranti group. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Roka.
Malayan: dialect of Flores or Mangeyle, E. Indies.
Roma, Romany, see [Rommany].
Romagnol, Romagna, Roman.
Italic: dialect of Central Italy. See “Racotta,” Osinio, 1769.
Romaic.
Hellenic: language of Modern Greece, called also Neo-Hellenic. The vernacular speech is largely augmented with Slavonic, Turkish, and Italian, but not the written language.
⁂ Several dialects have been distinguished: there is most Turkish in the languages of Macedonia; most Italian in the languages of the Ionian Islands.
Roman.
Alphabetic character in universal use; adopted in early Italic from the Phœnician or early Greek, and spread by means of the Latin language.
Romana, Romanese, Rumonsch.
A modification of Latin, including upper and lower Engadine, vernacular in the Grisons, Swiss Alps.
Romance, or Romanic.
Class name for all modern languages derived from Latin; including, in chief, French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Wallachian, and Romansch. See Etymological Dictionary by Diez and Donkin, London, 1864; Essay by Lewis, London, 1862.
Romance, Romaunt, or Roman.
A name awkwardly used as equivalent to Provençal, or the Langue d’Oc of South France; thus Raynouard’s Dicty. of Provençal is called “Lexique de la Langue Roman.” W. W. S. See [Romaine].
Romano-Moldavian.
Dialect of Romanic, intermediate between Moldavian and Wallachian.
Rommany.
A name for Gipsy, self-applied; also called Bohemian, Zincali, Tchinghianes, Zigeuner, Gitano, &c. ☞
Romohon.
Malayan: sub-dialect of Menadu.
Romonan.
American: tribe of Costanos in California.
Ron.
Negrito: dialect of Papuan spoken in New Guinea.
Root-Diggers or Diggers.
American: Indians of the Sierra Nevada, California, classed as Shoshones. They are also called Gens de Pitie, Radigeurs, and Maradiços; the most degraded race of Red Indians in N. America.
⁂ The language is allied to the Negritic or Pygmean of the Andamans. H. C.
Roots.
Ultimate forms of words, the primitive basis of a language, serving to connect related languages in different parts of the globe, and frequently transferred from one family of speech to another.
Rosetta-Stone.
Egyptian: remarkable object of antiquity in the B. Museum; Bilingual inscription of Ptolemy Epiphanes, B.C. 196, in Hieroglyphic, Demotic, or Enchorial, and Uncial Greek.
Rossawn, Rusan.
Indian: a dialect of Bengali spoken by Hindus of Arakan. See [Ruinga].
Rothwalsh.
German term for cant, slang, or gibberish. See [Diebes-Sp.]
Rotti.
Malayan: Island of the Sunda group S. W. of Timor; it has straight-haired Polynesians, with a separate language. See Dissertation in Crawfurd’s “Malay Gr.”
Rotuman.
The language of the Island of Rotumah, situated in 12° S. lat. and 177° E. long., which appears to be a compound of Eastern and Western Polynesian. W. G. L.
Rouchi-Française.
The same as Wallon. See Dicty. of Hécart, Paris, 1834.
Rouman, Roumana, Rumanyo (Rumanje.)
A name for Dacian. See [Wallachian].
Roveredo.
Romance: sub-dialect of Italian. “Lezione,” by Pannetti, Roveredo, 1761.
Rucahee.
American: tribe of Abipones.
Ruinga.
Indian: dialect of Bengali spoken by Mohammedans of Arakan. See [Rakkaing].
Rukheng, see [Rakkaing].
Rumahkai.
Malayan: dialect of Ceram.
Rumonsch, see [Romana].
Rumsen, Runsienes.
American: Achastlian Indians of the San Carlos Mission, Monterey.
Runda.
African: sub-dialect of Kaffir.
Runes, Runic.
Early alphabet of N. Europe, attributed to primitive Gothic, and found in Scandinavian or old Norse and Icelandic inscriptions; called Futhorc, from the first five letters. The Anglo-Saxon names are Feoh, Ur, THorn, Os, Rad, Cen. Dicty. by Dieterich, Stockholm, 1845; Work by Stephens: “Old Northern Runic Monuments,” London, 1869.
⁂ Historically viewed, Runes may be considered as associated with the Pagan era of Scandinavian races, having apparently been relinquished as each tribe, in succession, adopted the Roman alphabet in consequence of embracing Christianity. In English the rune Wen, or W., continued in use till about A.D. 1280; the rune Thorn, or Th, lingered till A.D. 1500, and is even used now, though miswritten “y,” as in “ye,” pronounced “the.” W. W. S.
Rungchenbung.
Non-Aryan: dialect of Kiranti group E. Nipal. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
Rungo.
African: dialect of Sierra Leone. See Kilham’s Specimens.
Runsienes, see [Rumsen].
Rusan, see [Rossawn].
Ruslen.
American: Indians of California.
Russ or Russian (Rooskie).
Dominant language of Slavonic, using the Cyrillic characters, and very largely augmented from other families of speech, forming one of the most copious languages in the world; sub-divisions or local dialects known as Muscovite or Great Russian, White Russian, Susdalic, Olonetzian, Ukrainian or Little Russian. Grammar by Heard; by Reiff, Paris, 1862; Lexicon, Karlsruhe, 1870-1; and by Dahl.
Russniack.
Slavonic: a local dialect of Hungary. See [Orosz].
Rustica (Lingua).
Supposed provincial dialects of classical Latin during the Roman period. (Raynouard.)
Rutana.
African: dialect of Nubia. See Jülg’s “Vater,” p. 319.
Ruthenian.
Slavonic: dialect of Russ.
Rutluk.
Non-Aryan language of Central India. Vocaby. in Hunter’s “Comp. Dicty.”
ADDENDA.
Ressawian.
A dialect of Servian, spoken on the Resava and the Schwartz-bach. G. R.
Romaine or Romance.
A name awkwardly used as equivalent to the Old French of the North of France, or Langue d’oïl; thus Roquefort’s Dicty. of the Langue d’oïl is called “Glossaire de la Langue Romaine.” W. W. S.
Romania.
The name by which the Wallachians call their own language. G. R.
Rumelian.
A dialect of Turkish, spoken in and about Constantinople. G. R.