ANNEXE B: LETTER FROM MR. E. VARTANIAN, AN ARMENIAN-AMERICAN VOLUNTEER IN THE RUSSIAN SERVICE, TO HIS BROTHER-IN-LAW IN EGYPT; DATED 9th/22nd JULY, 1915, AND PUBLISHED IN THE ARMENIAN JOURNAL “HOUSSAPER,” OF CAIRO.

We have been here three days. Some of us are going to be sent to Erivan; the rest of us are starting in two days for Van.

The enthusiasm here is very great. There are already 20,000 volunteers at the front, and they are trying to increase the number to 30,000. Each district we occupy is placed under Armenian administration, and an Armenian post is running from Igdir to Van. The Russian Government is showing great goodwill towards the Armenians and doing everything in its power for the liberation of Turkish Armenia.

When we disembarked at Archangel the Government gave us every possible assistance. It even undertook the transport of our baggage, and gave us free passes, second class, to Petrograd.

At Petrograd we received an equally hearty welcome, and the Governor of the city presented each of us with a medal in token of his sympathy. The Armenian colony put us up in the best hotels, entertained us at the best restaurants, and could not make enough of us. This lasted for five days, and then we continued our journey, again at the Government’s expense, to Tiflis.

Everywhere on the way the population received us with cheers and offerings of flowers. Just as we were leaving Archangel, a young Russian lady came with flowers and offered one to each of us. I also saw a quite poor man who was so moved by the speech in Russian that one of our comrades had made, that he came and put his tobacco into the pipe of a comrade standing next to me, and kept nothing for himself but a bare half-pipeful. A third, an old man, was so moved by the speech that he began to cry and nearly made off, but a little while after I saw him standing in front of the carriage window and, with a shaking hand, holding out a hard-boiled egg to our comrade the chemist Roupen Stepanian. Probably it was his one meal for the day.

And so at every step we found ourselves in the midst of affecting scenes. At Petrograd Railway Station the crowd was enormous. There was an Armenian lady there who offered each of us a rose. There were boys and young men who wept because they could not come with us. At Rostov a young Russian joined our ranks. He was caught more than once by his parents at the stations further down the line, but he always succeeded in escaping them and rejoining us. We have christened him Stepan.

When we arrived at Tiflis, we marched singing to the offices of the Central Armenian Bureau, with our flag unfurled in front of us, and the people marched on either side of us in such a crowd that the trams were forced to stop running.

That is enough for to-day. My next letter shall be written from Armenia itself.

Please say nothing to my sister about this resolution that I have taken. I hope, of course, that she would know how to sacrifice her affection for her brother to her love for the nation and for liberty. I should curse any of my relations who lamented my resolution; they would have committed treason against the nation. There are five of us brothers; was it not imperative that at least one of us should devote himself to the cause of our national emancipation? Let us keep up our courage, realise the urgency of the moment and do our duty.

ANNEXE C: ALLEGED TEXT OF THE OTTOMAN GOVERNMENT’S PROCLAMATION ORDERING THE DEPORTATION OF THE ARMENIANS; REPRINTED FROM AN ARTICLE BY MISS ELEANOR FRANKLIN EGAN IN THE PHILADELPHIA “SATURDAY EVENING POST,” 5th FEBRUARY, 1916 [^[278]].

Our fellow countrymen, the Armenians, who form one of the racial elements of the Ottoman Empire, having taken up, as a result of foreign instigation for many years past, with a lot of false ideas of a nature to disturb the public order; and because of the fact that they brought about bloody happenings and have attempted to destroy the peace and security of the Ottoman state, and the safety and interests of their fellow countrymen, as well as of themselves; and, moreover, as they have now dared to join themselves to the enemy of their existence [^[279]] and to the enemies now at war with our state—our Government is compelled to adopt extraordinary measures and sacrifices, both for the preservation of the order and security of the country and for the welfare and the continuation of the existence of the Armenian community. Therefore, as a measure to be applied until the conclusion of the war, the Armenians have to be sent away to places which have been prepared in the interior vilayets; and a literal obedience to the following orders, in a categorical manner, is accordingly enjoined on all Ottomans:

First.—All Armenians, with the exception of the sick, are obliged to leave within five days from the date of this proclamation, by villages or quarters, and under the escort of the gendarmerie.

Second.—Though they are free to carry with them on their journey the articles of their movable property which they desire, they are forbidden to sell their lands and their extra effects, or to leave the latter here and there with other people, because their exile is only temporary and their landed property, and the effects they will be unable to take with them, will be taken care of under the supervision of the Government, and stored in closed and protected buildings. Anyone who sells or attempts to take care of his movable effects or landed property in a manner contrary to this order, shall be sent before the Court Martial. They are free to sell to the Government only the articles which may answer the needs of the Army.

Third.—Contains a promise of safe conduct.

Fourth.—A threat against anyone attempting to molest them on the way.

Fifth.—Since the Armenians are obliged to submit to this decision of the Government, if some of them attempt to use arms against the soldiers or gendarmes, arms shall be employed against them and they shall be taken, dead or alive. In like manner those who, in opposition to the Government’s decision, refrain from leaving or seek to hide themselves—if they are sheltered or given food and assistance, the persons who thus shelter or aid them shall be sent before the Court Martial for execution.

[278]. Miss Egan writes that she managed to bring this document out of Turkey by copying it on the margins of the inner pages of a book, which she pretended to be reading when the Turkish officials searched her at the frontier. The book was examined, but the marginal pencilling passed undetected.

[279]. i.e., Russia.

ANNEXE D: [^[280]]: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RACIAL ELEMENTS IN THE OTTOMAN VILAYETS OF ERZEROUM, VAN, BITLIS, MAMOURET-UL-AZIZ, DIYARBEKIR, AND SIVAS [^[281]]; DRAWN UP IN 1912 BY THE ARMENIAN PATRIARCHATE AT CONSTANTINOPLE.

Nos.	Nations and Races.	Erzeroum.	Van.	Bitlis.	Mamouret-ul-Aziz.	Diyarbekir.	Sivas.	Total.	%			Total %
1.	Turks	240,000	47,000	40,000	102,000	45,000	192,000	666,000		25.4			Moslems, 45.1
2.	Circassians (immigrants)	7,000	—	10,000	—	—	45,000	62,000		3.4
3.	Persians	13,000	—	—	—	—	—	13,000
4.	Lazes	10,000	—	—	—	—	—	10,000
5.	Gipsies	—	3,000	—	—	—	—	3,000
6.	Sedentary Kurds	35,000	32,000	35,000	75,000	30,000	35,000	242,000		9.2	16.3
7.	Nomadic Kurds	40,000	40,000	42,000	20,000	25,000	15,000	182,000		7.1	16.3
8.	Kizilbashis	25,000	—	8,000	80,000	27,000	—	140,000		5.3	8.2		Various, 9.7
9.	Zaza-Tmbli-Tchariklis	30,000	—	47,000	—	—	—	77,000		2.9	8.2
10.	Yezidis	3,000	25,000	5,000	—	4,000	—	37,000		1.4
11.	Armenians	215,000	185,000	180,000	168,000	105,000	165,000	1,018,000		38.9			Christians 45.2
12.	Nestorians, Jacobites, and Chaldaeans	—	18,000	15,000	5,000	60,000	25,000	123,000		4.7
13.	Greeks and other Christians	12,000	—	—	—	—	30,000	42,000		1.6
		630,000	350,000	382,000	450,000	296,000	507,000	2,615,000	100%			100%

Moslems.
Turks Kurds Other Moslems	666,000 424,000 88,000	}	45.1%
Total	1,178,000

Various Religions.
Kizilbashis Zaza-Tmbli-Tchariklis Yezidis	140,000 77,000 37,000	}	9.6%
Total	254,000

Christians.
Armenians Nestorians Greeks	1,018,000 123,000 42,000	}	45.2%
Total	1,183,000


Summary of Totals.
Christians	1,183,000	=	45.2%
Moslems	1,178,000	=	45.1%
Various Religions	254,000	=	9.7%
Grand Total	2,615,000

[280]. Reprinted from “La Question Arménienne à la Lumière des Documents,” par “Marcel Léart” (Paris, 1913).

[281]. The analysis excludes certain portions of these provinces where the Armenians are only a minor element. These portions are as follows:—Hakkiari, in the Vilayet of Van; the south of Sairt, in the Vilayet of Bitlis; the south of the Vilayet of Diyarbekir; the south of Malatia, in the Vilayet of Mamouret-ul-Aziz; the north-west and west of the Vilayet of Sivas.

ANNEXE E: [^[282]]: STATISTICAL SCHEDULE OF ARMENIAN SCHOOLS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, DRAWN UP IN 1901-2 BY THE ARMENIAN PATRIARCHATE AT CONSTANTINOPLE.

Geographical	Schools.	Boy	Girl	Teachers.
Districts		Pupils	Pupils
The Six Vilayets.

Sairt	3	163	84	11
Amasia-Marsovan	9	1,524	814	54
Shabin Kara-Hissar	27	2,040	105	42
Erzeroum	27	1,956	,178	85
Kighi	27	1,336	367	43
Baïbourt	9	645	199	32
Diyarbekir	4	690	324	27
Harpout	27	2,058	496	58
Eghin	4	541	215	22
Tchemesh-Getzak	12	456	272	15
Arabkir	18	713	223	25
Tcharsandjak	12	617	189	18
Etesia	8	1,091	571	26
Gurin	12	736	78	20
Darandé	2	260	70	5
Divrig	10	757	100	20
Sivas	46	4,072	549	73
Bitlis	12	571	63	20
Erzindjan	22	1,389	475	63
Kamakh	13	646	28	16
Bayazid	6	338	54	13
Moush	23	1,034	284	35
Van	21	1,323	554	59
Lim and Gedoutz	3	203	56	6
Akhtamar	32	1,106	132	36
Derdjan	12	485	10	12
Isbir-Kiskim	3	80	—	3
Passin	7	315	—	7
Khnyss	8	352	15	12
Dikranakerd	2	180	—	5
Palou	8	505	50	15
Malatia	9	872	230	19
	438	29,054	7,785	897
Cilicia.

Aïntab	9	898	708	58
Antioch	10	440	47	10
Aleppo	2	438	249	18
Hadjin	4	508	69	12
Zeïtoun	10	605	85	15
Sis and the Neighbourhood	7	476	165	19
Adana	25	1,947	808	69
Marash	23	1,361	378	44
	90	6,673	2,509	245
The Rest of the Empire.

Adrianople	6	314	251	22
Rodosto	9	1,017	856	48
Ismid	38	5,404	3,103	212
Biledjik	10	1,120	143	21
Kutahia	5	825	349	23
Smyrna	27	1,640	1,295	109
Angora	7	895	395	29
Kaisaria	42	3,795	1,140	125
Samsoun	27	1,361	344	59
Trebizond	47	2,184	718	85
Baghdad	2	68	46	11
Yozgad	12	1,197	557	43
Broussa	16	1,345	733	54
Balikesri-Panderma	8	700	634	35
Tokat	11	1,408	558	50
Kastamouni	3	110	50	2
Konia	3	213	137	12
Armasha	2	190	110	6
	275	23,786	11,419	946
Grand Total	803	59,513	21,713	2,088

[282]. Reprinted from “La Question Arménienne à la Lumière des Documents,” par “Marcel Léart” (Paris, 1913). These statistics appear to be the most recent available, but it must be noted that they are fourteen years out of date, and that the figures must have risen considerably by April, 1915.