LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| FIG. | PAGE | |
| [1]. | Toda Man. Full Face | 19 |
| [2]. | Toda Man. Side Face | 20 |
| [3]. | Toda Woman. Full Face | 21 |
| [4]. | Toda Woman. Side Face | 22 |
| [5]. | The Village of Taradr, showing two Dairies in the Foreground and three Houses in the Background | 25 |
| [6]. | The Village of Taradr, showing the Houses surrounded by a Wall, in which there is one Opening in the Middle | 27 |
| [7]. | The chief House of the Village of Kiudr | 28 |
| [8]. | The Village of Peivòrs, showing a Double Hut (in the Background). The two Buildings on the Left are Dairies, and the Structure in the Centre is a Calf-House | 29 |
| [9]. | A Toda Man, Siriar (20), with his Wife and Child, showing the ordinary Method of wearing the ‘Putkuli’ | 30 |
| [10]. | Kòdrner performing the Salutation called ‘Kaimukhti.’ His Right Arm is bared (‘Kevenarut’), and he has removed his Turban | 31 |
| [11]. | Women Pounding and Sifting. The Broom is on the Ground to the Right | 33 |
| [12]. | The ‘Kalmelpudithti’ Salutation taking place at the Village of Nòdrs. On the Left is the House; on the Right is the less important Dairy of the Village (the ‘Tarvali’), and in Front of it is the Stone called ‘Menkars’ | 35 |
| [13]. | The Conical Dairy of Nòdrs. The Stone at the Right-Hand End of the Wall is the ‘Teidrtolkars’ | 44 |
| [14]. | The lower part of the Conical Dairy of Nòdrs, which is hidden by the Wall in [Fig. 13]. The ‘Wursol’ is shown eating ‘Al’ from a Leaf-Plate | 46 |
| [15]. | Òd (26) Churning | 51 |
| [16]. | The morning Milking at the Village of Molkush. In the Background is a modern ‘Tu’ made of Wooden Palings | 53 |
| [17]. | A Milking Scene | 54 |
| [18]. | The chief Dairy Vessels [[xiv]] | 59 |
| [19]. | The ‘Wursol’ of Nòdrs carrying the ‘Adimu’ and ‘Patatpun’ to fetch Water | 63 |
| [20]. | The ‘Palikartmokh’ Saluting the Threshold of the Dairy at Kiudr, ‘Pavnersatiti’ | 65 |
| [21]. | The ‘Kudrpali’ of Kars, with the ‘Kudrpalikartmokh’ standing on the Wall. In the Foreground is the Mound called ‘Imudrikars.’ In the Background on the Right is the Calf-House | 67 |
| [23]. | The ‘Wursol’ of Kars, Kernpisi (56), standing by the side of his Dairy | 75 |
| [24]. | The ‘Kugvali’ of Taradr. On its Left is the ‘Kwotars,’ and on the extreme Right, under the Tree, is the ‘Kush.’ The flat Stone to the Right of the ‘Kugvali’ is the ‘Püdrshtikars’ | 77 |
| [25]. | The ‘Poh’ of Kanòdrs. The two Walls are shown | 80 |
| [26]. | Showing the General Plan of the Ti Dairy | 87 |
| [27]. | The ‘Palol’ Karkievan, saluting at Mòdr. He is standing in the ‘Pepkarmus.’ The Building next to the ‘Palol’ is the ‘Ti poh’; that on the Right is the ‘Karenpoh’ and between it and the ‘Ti poh’ can be seen the Hut where the Inhabitants of the ‘Ti mad’ sleep | 95 |
| [28]. | To show the Attitude adopted by the ‘Palol’ when Praying | 96 |
| [29]. | To show the Method of carrying the Contents of the Dairy. The boy Kalmad (64) is carrying the ‘Patatpur’; Karsüln (15) the ‘Ertatpur.’ In front of Kalmad is the entrance of the Pen at Kars called ‘Althftu’ | 125 |
| [30]. | 1. A. The ‘Madth.’ B. A ‘Patat.’ C. Another ‘Patat.’ D. The ‘Parskadrvenmu.’ E. The ‘Irkartpun.’ 2. A. The axe. B. The fire-sticks. C. The ‘Majpariv.’ D. The ‘Pòlmachok.’ E. The ‘Ertatpun.’ F. A ‘Tek.’ G. The lamp | 127 |
| [31]. | The Dairy of Kiudr with the ‘Palikartmokh’ Etamudri (58); on the Right of the Dairy above and to the Left of the head of Etamudri is the Stone called ‘Neurzülnkars,’ by which the ‘Patatmani’ is laid | 129 |
| [32]. | The ‘Neurzülnkars’ of Kiudr, by the side of which the ‘Ertatmani’ are laid | 130 |
| [33]. | The four ‘Neurzülnkars’ at Mòdr. Behind the Stones on the Right is Karkievan, the ‘Palol’ of the ‘Tiir’; on the Left is Nerponers, the ‘Palol’ of the ‘Warsir’; in the Centre is the ‘Kaltmokh,’ Katsog, carrying a sickle-shaped Knife | 141 |
| [34]. | Punatvan (53) drinking during his Ordination as ‘Palikartmokh’ of Karia | 146 |
| [35]. | Imitation Buffalo Horns | 190 |
| [36]. | Midjkudr and Mongudrvan Divining at a Funeral [[xv]] | 253 |
| [37]. | Punatvan and Pichievan attempting to make Fire at the ‘Erkumptthpimi’ Ceremony | 277 |
| [38]. | Punatvan uttering the ‘Erkumptthpimi’ Prayer. He is holding the ‘Erkumptthkud,’ and one of the ‘Tudr’ Leaves in his hand can be distinctly seen | 279 |
| [39]. | Stroking the back of the Calf with the ‘Toashtitudr.’ Punatvan is beginning the third Movement, and one of the Branches of Leaves can be seen on the Ground behind the Calf | 280 |
| [40]. | Punatvan and Pichievan cutting up the Calf. In the Background Kòdrner is sharpening up the ‘Ko’ | 281 |
| [41]. | Roasting the pieces of the Calf | 283 |
| [42]. | The ‘Irnörtkars’ at Kars. In the Background is the ‘Wursuli’ | 299 |
| [43]. | Gap in the Wall at Nòdrs through which the Calf is driven at the ‘Irnörtiti’ Ceremony | 301 |
| [44]. | The ‘Nersatiti’ Salutation | 304 |
| [45]. | The ‘Puzhars’ at Molkush | 314 |
| [46]. | Tersveli sitting at the Door of the ‘Puzhars’ at Karia with her face turned from the Sun | 325 |
| [47]. | Sintagars drinking at the ‘Marthk maj atpimi’ Ceremony. The boy, Pongudr, is sitting behind her | 328 |
| [48]. | Funeral Hut round which women are lamenting. Several pairs are pressing their foreheads together. The Hut is not within a stone circle, showing that the Funeral is not being held at an old Funeral Place | 339 |
| [49]. | The ‘Puzhutpimi’ Ceremony. In the Centre is the Corpse. The foremost man on the Left is kneeling down preparatory to throwing Earth | 346 |
| [50]. | The ‘Puzhutpimi’ Ceremony. Throwing Earth backwards on the Corpse | 347 |
| [51]. | The Wooden ‘Teiks’ at Inikitj | 350 |
| [52]. | Leading the Buffalo to be Killed | 353 |
| [53]. | The Corpse by the head of the dying Buffalo | 355 |
| [54]. | Saluting the dead Buffalo | 357 |
| [55]. | The Mourners round the Body | 358 |
| [56]. | Kotas playing Music at a Toda Funeral | 364 |
| [57]. | Keinba and Perpakh; the former is holding in his hand the imitation Bow and Arrow and has his Cloak over his Head | 393 |
| [58]. | Bough of the ‘Tudr’ Tree. (From Marshall.) | 434 |
| [59]. | The Memorial of Keirevan | 440 |
| [60]. | Kuriolv and Pilimurg | 552 |
| [61]. | Showing Methods of wearing the Toda Garments and of doing the Hair | 573 |
| [62]. | Tilipa (12) wearing his Hair long on account of a vow made at a Hindu Temple [[xvi]] | 575 |
| [63] and [64]. | To show Method of Shaving the Head of a Child | 577 |
| [65]. | Karol (64), the ‘Wursol’ of Taradr, making Fire | 582 |
| [66]. | To show a Stage in the construction of a Hut | 584 |
| [67]. | (From Breeks).—The first Man on the Left is holding a Bow and Arrow; the second a Club (probably the ‘Nanmakud’) in his Right Hand, and the ‘Tadri’ in his Left; the third Man is carrying a Club, and the fourth Man is playing the ‘Buguri’ | 587 |
| [68]. | (From Breeks).—The five Tribes of the Nilgiri Hills | 629 |
| [69]. | A Badaga greeting a Toda | 631 |
| [70]. | A view of Nòdrs. The Stone in the Foreground on the Left is the ‘Nerovkars’; that on the Right is the ‘Uteiks.’ In the Background in the Centre is an old ‘Tu.’ The lower part of the Conical Dairy can be seen between the Boy and the ‘Uteiks’ | 646 |
| [71]. | The Stones at Pishkwosht called ‘Teuar’ | 657 |
| [72]. | The Village of Umgas, showing the ‘Nadrkkars’ in the Centre. Behind the Stones is the ‘Poh’ of this Village, and on its Right are the Dwelling-Huts | 673 |
| [73]. | Plan of ‘Etudmad’ | 689 |
| [74]. | Plan of Ancient Toda Villages | 690 |
| [75]. | (From Breeks).—A Cairn on the Nilgiri Hills | 711 |
| [76]. | Various objects found in the Nilgiri Cairns, taken from Breeks | 713 |
[[xvii]]