Genus HESPERIA Fabricius
PL. CXXXIII
(1) Hesperia tessellata Scudder, [Plate CXXXIII], Fig. 1, ♂ (The Tessellated Skipper).
Paler on under side than on upper side, with spots enlarged. Expanse 1.00-1.35 inch.
Ranges from Canada to the Gulf and from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
(2) Hesperia centaureæ Rambur, [Plate CXXXIII], Fig. 2, ♂ (The Grizzled Skipper).
Below darker than preceding species, white circle at end of cell surrounding black spot, thus forming an eye-like spot; hind wings below brown scaled with green, crossed by three bands of quadrate spots. Expanse 1.15 inch.
Found in northern Europe and Asia and from Alaska to Labrador; extending south on the high mountains both in the West and in the Carolinas.
(3) Hesperia xanthus Edwards, [Plate CXXXIII], Fig. 3, ♂ (The Checkerling).
Resembling H. tessellata, but much smaller and darker at base of wings, spots more crowded. Expanse 1.00 inch.
Found in Colorado and Rocky Mountains to west and south.
Genus PHOLISORA Scudder
(The Sooty-wing).
PL. CXXXIV
(1) Pholisora catullus (Fabricius), [Plate CXXXIV], Fig. 1, ♀ (The Common Sooty-wing).
Easily recognizable by means of our figure. Expanse 0.80-1.15 inch.
The caterpillar feeds on “lamb’s-quarter” ( Chenopodium).
Ranges over all temperate North America.
(2) Pholisora hayhursti (Edwards), [Plate CXXXIV], Fig. 2, ♀ (Hayhurst’s Sooty-wing).
Easily distinguished from preceding by white color of under side of abdomen as well as by the different arrangement of spots on fore wing. Expanse 0.90-1.15 inch.
Ranges from Pennsylvania to the Gulf as far as the Rocky Mountains.
(3) Pholisora lybia Scudder, [Plate CXXXIV], Fig. 3, ♂ (The Mohave Sooty-wing).
Distinguished from the two preceding by the white fringes of the wings and by the markings of the upper side. Expanse 0.80-1.40 inch.
Found from western Texas to Nevada and Arizona.
(4) Pholisora alpheus (Edwards), [Plate CXXXIV], Fig. 4, ♂ (New Mexican Sooty-wing).
More checkered on the upper side than the other species, tip of fore wing white. Expanse 0.95-1.00 inch.
Ranges from New Mexico to Arizona.
Genus THANAOS Boisduval
(The Dusky-wings).
PL. CXXXV
(1) Thanaos brizo Boisduval & Leconte, [Plate CXXXV], Fig. 1, ♀ (The Sleepy Dusky-wing).
The two rows of light yellow spots on the outer margin of the hind wings appear more distinctly on the under side. Expanse 1.25-1.60 inch.
Larva feeds on oaks and other plants. Ranges from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from New England to Florida and Arizona.
(2) Thanaos icelus Lintner, [Plate CXXXV], Fig. 2, ♂ (The Dreamy Dusky-wing).
Under side paler than upper, marked with many small, indistinct yellow spots, not forming well-defined bands as in preceding species. Expanse 1.00-1.20 inch.
Caterpillar feeds on aspen, oaks, and witch-hazel. Ranges from Nova Scotia to Oregon, south to Florida and Arizona.
(3) Thanaos lucilius Lintner, [Plate CXXXV], Fig. 3, ♂ (Lucilius’ Dusky-wing).
Closely related to preceding, but distinguished by more regularly checkered fringes of the fore wing and the different arrangement of the spots on the under side. Expanse 1.20-1.40 inch.
Larva feeds on columbine ( Aquilegia). Ranges from New England to Georgia, and westward through the valley of the Mississippi.
PL. CXXXVI
(4) Thanaos juvenalis (Fabricius), [Plate CXXXVI], Fig. 1, ♀ (Juvenal’s Dusky-wing).
A large species with translucent spots arranged as an interrupted band beyond middle of wing. Expanse 1.35-1.60 inch.
Ranges from Quebec to Florida and westward to Arizona.
(5) Thanaos petronius Lintner, [Plate CXXXVI], Fig. 2, ♂ (Petronius’ Dusky-wing).
Somewhat resembling the preceding, but translucent spots much fewer in number and upper side much darker. Under side uniformly dusky with few light spots. Expanse 1.50-1.75 inch.
Confined to Florida so far as known.
PL. CXXXVII
(6) Thanaos martialis Scudder, [Plate CXXXVII], Fig. 1, ♂ (Martial’s Dusky-wing).
Upper side paler than in most species, with a purplish gray cast, all light spots of upper side repeated more distinctly on under side. Expanse 1.25-1.40 inch.
Ranges from Massachusetts to Georgia, westward to Missouri and New Mexico.
(7) Thanaos horatius Scudder, [Plate CXXXVII], Fig. 2, ♂ (Horace’s Dusky-wing).
Smaller than T. juvenalis, which it resembles; paler above on both wings, below more profusely mottled on hind wings. Expanse 1.65 inch.
Ranges from Massachusetts to Texas.
(8) Thanaos funeralis Lintner, [Plate CXXXVII], Fig. 3, ♂ (The Funereal Dusky-wing).
Hind wings very dark, partly fringed with pure white. Expanse 1.35 inch.
Found from western Texas to Mexico.
Subfamily PAMPHILINÆ
(The Pamphilids).
The male never has a costal fold on the fore wing, but in most of the genera has a discal stigma on the fore wing, the only exceptions to this in our fauna being in the case of the three genera Amblyscirtes, Pamphila, and Oarisma. The antennæ are short, in some genera very short, clubbed at the end and provided in many genera with a little finely pointed tip at the end of the club, which sometimes is bent backward. The third joint of the palpi is generally small, inconspicuous, and often pointing forward. The lower radial in the fore wing always is nearer to the median than to the upper radial; the lower radial in the hind wing is generally lacking. When at rest they raise the fore wings, folding them together, while the hind wings are held horizontally. This attitude is characteristic of this subfamily.