FOOTNOTES:
[2] Another defective method of breathing consists in raising the shoulders for the purpose of increasing the capacity of the lungs. The shoulders should, however, not be moved at all in breathing.
[3] The custom of insisting on tightly-folded arms is not to be encouraged.
[4] The exercises suggested by Mr Burrell in Clear Speaking and Good Reading (p. [16] and foll.) are also recommended.
[5] Also called tone.
[6] Or, toned.
[7] Or, untoned, breathed.
[8] This definition has its drawbacks, as will be seen later.
[9] Consider what happens in the case of such words as vintner, lampman.
[10] It is doubtful whether this can be called a sound of standard English; see § 31.
[11] It is most important that you should not confuse sound with letter. Thus in bead we have the letters e and a, which represent vowels in bed and bad; but the e in bead has quite a different value from the e in bed. The two letters ea in bead together represent two sounds which are described in § 42.
[12] In the Specimens of English the diphthongs here represented by [uw] and [ij] are simply printed [uː] and [iː].
[13] Observe that the accent [´] precedes the stressed syllable. In the Specimens of English the vowel of the stressed syllable is printed in this type.