Olympic Victor Monuments and Greek Athletic Art

by Walter Woodburn Hyde

INDEX.

• Aberdeen head, [87].
• Academy, festival in honor of Athenian soldiers at the, [11].
• Achæans, games among, [20];
  • in Homer, [1], [7];
  • origin of sports among, [1].
• Achaia, erects victor statue at Olympia, [30];
  • Pausanias’ account of, 323.
• Achilleae, definition of, 92, note [6];
  • statues, 87, 226.
• Achilles, casts solos at games of Patroklos, [218];
  • fights with Telephos, on Tegea pediment, [306], [307];
  • shield of, [5];
  • yields prize to Agamemnon, 8.
• Acrobats, among Athenians, [5];
  • in Crete, [2], [3];
  • in Homer, [5];
  • in modern Italy, [5];
  • in Thessaly, [5];
  • at Tiryns, [2], [3];
  • on Vapheio cups, 5.
• Actors, statues of victorious, at Olympia, [285].
• Adlocutio, gesture of, [132].
• Admetos, boxing match with Mopsos, on chest of Kypselos, [285].
• Adonis(?), statue of, [74].
• Adorantes se feminae, statues by Apellas, [131].
• Adoration and prayer, as athletic motives, [130f].
• Aegean civilization, [1f].;
  • unathletic character of, 7.
• Aegina, games on, [20];
  • date of gable statues from temple of Aphaia, [125];
  • gable statues from temple of Aphaia, [123f].;
  • influence of sculptors on “Apollo” statues, [102];
  • kneeling Herakles, from East gable, [195];
  • movement in gable statues, [176];
  • observation of nature in, [244];
  • runners, from West gable, [195];
  • sculptors from, [122f].;
  • sculptors in favor at Olympia, [264];
  • temple of Aphaia on, [123f].
• Aeginetans, at battle of Salamis, [125].
• Aelian, on bronze horses of Kimon, [363].
• Aesthetic judgments of classical writers, [58].
• Africanus, list of stade victors in, [191];
  • on omission of 211th Olympiad, 369.
• Agamemnon, prize of, [8];
  • the Agamemnon of Aischylos, 75.
• Agasias, sculptor, [208].
• Agathinos, statue at Olympia, [345].
• Age, classification of Greek athletes by, [189];
  • in Plato’s Republic, 189.
• Ageladas; see Hagelaïdas, [190].
• Agenor, statue at Olympia, [30], [118].
• Agesarchos, statue at Olympia, [129].
• Agiadas, statue at Olympia, [123].
• Agias, statue at Delphi, [46], [365], [366];
  • statue at Pharsalos, [366];
  • careless finish of Delphian statue, [304];
  • compared with Apoxyomenos of Vatican, [289];
  • compared with Farnese Herakles, [253];
  • epigram on base of statue, [328];
  • as example of assimilation, [94];
  • fillet on, [150];
  • as statue “double,” [304];
  • as statue of a pancratiast, [292];
  • supplants Apoxyomenos as norm of Lysippos, [290], [291f].;
  • swollen ear of, [168];
  • why considered copy, [303f]., 316.
• Agids, tomb in Sparta, [362].
• Agilochos, statue at Olympia, [357].
• Agon (Contest), figure in group of Mikythos, [164], [215].
• Agorakritos, sculptor, [182].
• Agrippa, M., removes the Apoxyomenos to Rome, [289].
• Aiakos, games in honor of, [20].
• Aigion, boy from, chosen as priest for his beauty, [57].
• Aigistratos, Olympic victor statue at Lindos, [372].
• Aigospotamoi, battle of, [352];
  • memorial at Delphi, 278.
• Aigyptos, equestrian monument at Olympia, [120], [267], [279].
• Ainetos, statue at Amyklai, [371].
• Aischines, statue at Olympia, [29], [214], [346].
• Aischylos, on ἀγώνιοι θεοί, [75];
  • Agamemnon of, 75.
• Aischylos, victor relief, in honor of the Dioskouroi, [96], [97].
• Ajax, acrobatic feat of, [3];
  • combat with Diomedes, [8];
  • on r.-f. Etruscan stamnos, 132.
• Akarnania, [318].
• Akastos, games of, depicted on chest of Kypselos and on throne of Apollo at Amyklai, [12].
• Akestorides, statue at Olympia, [345], [354].
• Akontistai; see Javelin-throwers. Akousilaos, statue at Olympia, [130], [165].
• Akragas, bronze statue dedicated at Olympia by people of, [130];
  • decadrachm of, 48.
• Akropolis at Athens, Aeginetan bronze head from, [123];
  • Argive bronze head from, [114], [115];
  • athlete statue from, [115], [127];
  • chariot-race relief from, [128];
  • ephebe head, yellow-haired, from, [116];
  • excavations of, [126];
  • Hermes relief from, [270];
  • Korai from, [115], [126];
  • la petite boudeuse from, [115];
  • pre-Persian sculptures from, [126f.];
  • Old Temple of Athena on, 128, 271.
• Akroteria, winged figures as, [177].
• Aktion, “Apollos” from, [103], [334].
• Alabastron, on statue of Milo at Olympia, [107].
• Alexander the Great, bust of, from Alexandria, [316];
  • coin of, showing Herakles, [253];
  • funeral games in honor of, [11];
  • head of, in Copenhagen, from sarcophagus, [95];
  • institutes funeral games for Hephaistion, [11];
  • portraits of, [56];
  • portraits of, by Lysippos, [290], [311], [316];
  • pensiveness in portraits of, [318];
  • statue of, by Lysippos, 73.
• Alexander Sarcophagus, so-called, in Constantinople, [275].
• Alexinikos, statue at Olympia, [122].
• Alkainetos, statue at Olympia, [343], [352].
• Alkamenes, and Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo type, [89];
  • Enkrinomenos of, [134];
  • and Olympia gable statues, [113];
  • and Standing Diskobolos, 76.
• Alkandridas, P. Ailios, statue at Olympia, [360].
• Alketos, statue at Olympia, [120], [344].
• Alki, temple of Apollo at, [336].
• Alkibiades, victor at Olympia, [257];
  • so-called Alkibiades of the Vatican, 199.
• Alkibios, base of statue of, from Akropolis, [284].
• Alkinoos, King of Scheria, [210].
• Alkmena, [10].
• Alpheios, river at Olympia, [49], [258].
• Altars, at Olympia: of Aphrodite, [351];
  • near Stadion, [283];
  • of Nymphs, [351];
  • of Seasons, [351];
  • scattered positions of, [341];
  • of Zeus; see Great Altar of Zeus.
• Altis at Olympia, East Byzantine wall of, [345], [357];
  • erection of statues in, [27], [99];
  • excavation of, [24];
  • honor statues in, [339];
  • location of earliest statues in, [299];
  • North Byzantine wall of, [359];
  • periegesis of Pausanias in, [151], [298];
  • positions of victor statues in, 339f.;
  • processional entrance of, [347];
  • processional way of, [348];
  • Roman enlargement of, [348];
  • routes (ἔφοδοι) of Pausanias in, [339f].;
  • South Terrace wall of, [346];
  • South wall of, [339], [341], [345], [347], [352], [357];
  • Southwest gate of, [360];
  • statues “within,” [347];
  • topography of, [339];
  • West Byzantine wall of, [358];
  • West wall of, [347], [355f].
• Alypos, sculptor, [120].
• Amaltheia, ivory horn of, at Olympia, [264], [265].
• Amastris, coin of, showing figure of Hermes, [78].
• Amazon, of Polykleitos, [159];
  • torso of Atalanta from Tegea pediment, draped as, 306.
• Ambrakia, [105].
• Amelung, W., on supposed absence of libation-pouring in athletic art, [140];
  • on head in Turin, [93];
  • on statuette in Vatican, 212, 244.
• Amenartas; see Amenerdis. Amenerdis, Egyptian queen, statue of, [331].
• Amenemhat III, co-regent of Horfuabra, [330].
• Amentum; see Thong. Amertas, statue of, at Olympia, [117].
• Amphiaraos vase, in Berlin, [13], [269], [280];
  • Amphiaraos, on chest of Kypselos, [269];
  • reliefs in honor of, 273.
• Amphiareion, at Oropos, [272], [273].
• Amphidamas, games of, [19].
• Amphiktyonic League, [17].
• Amphion, sculptor, [277].
• Amphipolis, games at, [11].
• Amyklai, temple of Apollo at, [19].
• Amykos, boxing match of, with Polydeukes, [269];
  • invention of boxing-gloves ascribed to, 236.
• Amyntas, statue at Olympia, [129], [354].
• Analogy, in Greek art, [66].
• Anatomy, knowledge of, in Greek sculpture, [56];
  • in Aeginetan gable statues, [124];
  • in Ligourió bronze, [111];
  • studied in Alexandria, 289.
• Anauchidas, statue at Olympia, [341].
• Anaxandros, statue at Olympia, [130], [266].
• Anaxilas, as dedicator of Delphi Charioteer, [278].
• Ancestors, worship of, in Greece, [14].
• Ancient writings of the Eleans, [15].
• Andokides, vase-painter, [229], [230].
• Andreas, sculptor, [118].
• Angelion, sculptor, [122], [304], [334].
  • See also Tektaios.
• Aniconic statues, [58].
• Anochos, statue at Olympia, [110], [111].
• Anointing, as athletic motive, [133f]. Antaios, bout with Herakles, on proto-Attic amphora, [13].
• Antenor, sculptor, [174], [175].
• Anthologies, Greek, [43], [239], [368].
• Anthropometry in Greek sculpture, [68].
• Antidotos, painter, [29], [233].
• Antigenes, statue at Olympia, [357].
• Antignotos, sculptor, [136].
• Antigonos, statue at Olympia, [346].
• Antikythera, bronze statue of youth from sea near, [80f].;
  • statuette from sea near, 78, 79.
• Antioch, date of founding of, [121].
• Antipatros, statue at Olympia, [118];
  • father of, bribed by Syracuse, 33.
• Antoninus Pius, coins of, showing pine, [21].
• Apellas, sculptor, [131], [267], [367].
• Aphaia, temple of, on Aegina, [123f]. Aphrodeisios, Tiberios Klaudios, statue at Olympia, [359];
  • victor in horse-race, 262.
• Aphrodite, altar at Olympia, [351];
  • statue in Heraion at Olympia, [326];
  • temple at Naukratis, 334.
• Apobates, chariot-race, [272f].;
  • armor worn in, [272], [273];
  • known at Athens and in Bœotia, [273];
  • preserves tradition of Homeric warfare, [272];
  • on reliefs, [272];
  • apobates, horse-race, at Olympia, [282f].
• Apollas, lost work of, on Olympic victors, [45], [130], [343].
• Apollo, as athlete, [88];
  • beaten in running, [76];
  • beats Ares in boxing, [88], [235], [285];
  • beats Hermes in running, [88], [285];
  • as charioteer, [129], [270];
  • combat with Herakles, [88], [89];
  • cult statue of, represented on vases, [335];
  • as god of boxing at Delphi, [235];
  • as god of boxing in Homer, [235];
  • as god of contests, [75];
  • as god of youth, [88];
  • hymn to, [25];
  • on coins of Athens, [90];
  • on relief in Capitoline, [89];
  • on relief with Artemis and Leto, in Louvre, [284];
  • tripods in worship of, [19].
  • Statues: Apollo Alexikakos, by Kalamis, [90];
  • from temple of Apollo at Alki, [336];
  • from Delos, [334], [335];
  • colossal, from Delos, [336];
  • from Mausoleion, [311];
  • colossal, from Olympia, [91];
  • Philesian Apollo, by elder Kanachos, [107], [118], [336];
  • from Porto d’Anzio, [144];
  • Praxitelian, in Medici Gardens, Rome, [313];
  • from West gable, Olympia, 114–116.
  • Statuettes: bronze from Naxos, in Berlin, [74], [119];
  • Payne Knight bronze, British Museum, [108], [119];
  • bronze, from Piombino, Louvre, [118];
  • Sciarra bronze, Rome, [119].
  • Temples: of Apollo Lykios, [364];
  • at Bassai, [327];
  • at Naukratis, 334.
• “Apollo,” type of, in sculpture, [100f].;
  • Aeginetan influence on, [102];
  • Choiseul-Gouffier, [89f]., [91], [148];
  • funerary in character, [336], [337];
  • “grinning” and “stolid” groups, [100];
  • name “Apollo,” [337];
  • name rightly applied to statues found in sanctuaries of Apollo, 334–336;
  • nudity of, [48];
  • represents early victor statues, [334f].;
  • on-the-Omphalos, [89f]., [168].
  • Statues of: from Aktion, [103], [334];
    • from Cyprus, [337];
    • from Delphi, [148];
    • colossal, from Megara, [336];
    • from Melos, [100f].;
    • from Mount Ptoion, 100–103, [120], [123], [334];
    • from Naukratis, [334];
    • from Naxos, [328], [334];
    • from Orchomenos, [100], [101], [103], [328], [334];
    • from Pompeii, [111];
    • from Tenea, [100f]., [127], [148], [327], [328], [336];
    • from Thera, [100f]., [327], [337];
    • from Volomandra, 100, 104, 337.
• Apollonia, head from, [157].
• Apollonios, sculptor, [168], [224];
  • quoted by Philostratos, 107.
• Apollonios, T. Ailios Aurelios, Olympic victor, statue at Athens, [370].
• Apollonios, victor at Olympia, fined by the umpires, [34].
• Apoxyomenos, the, after Lysippos, [74];
  • statue in Vatican, [136], [288f].;
  • pose of, [81], [99];
  • regarded formerly as center of stylistic treatment of Lysippos, [288];
  • so regarded by some scholars now, [291];
  • present doubts of, [290];
  • display of anatomical knowledge in, [289];
  • compared with the Agias, [289f].;
  • as work of Lysippos’ school, [292];
  • of third century B. C., [292];
  • Apoxyomenos of Polykleitos, [136];
  • statue in Uffizi as, 136, 137, 168.
• Apples, prizes at Delphi, [21], [107], [182].
• Aratos, statesman, honor statue at Olympia, [42].
• Aratos, victor, painting of, [29].
• Archaism, break with, in the statue of the ephebe from the Akropolis, [115].
• Archedamos, statue at Olympia, [120].
• Archemoros, [10].
• Archery, in Homer, [8].
• Archiadas, statue at Olympia, [358].
• Archias, victor statue at Delphi, [368].
• Archidamas, chariot victor, statue at Olympia, [265].
• Archidamas III, King of Sparta, statues at Olympia, [42].
• Archippos, statue at Olympia, [346].
• Ares, beaten by Apollo in boxing, [235], [285];
  • Doryphoros of Polykleitos converted into Ares, [74];
  • head of, in Munich, [170];
  • helmeted head of, in Louvre, [170];
  • Ludovisi statue of, [170];
  • swollen ears on heads of, 170.
• Argeiadas, sculptor, [110].
• Argive “Apollos” from Delphi, [104], [106];
  • Argive and Sikyonian canons, 68.
• Argos, canon of early sculptors of, [68];
  • characteristics of sculptors of, [116];
  • Nemean games held at, [17];
  • prizes at, [20];
  • public chariot of, victorious at Olympia, [31], [257];
  • public horse of, victorious at Olympia, [31], [257];
  • school of sculptors from, [58], [109f]., [105];
  • schools of Argos and Sikyon, [109f].;
  • square shoulders of canon of sculptors from, 112.
• Arion, victor statue on Helikon, [284].
• Aristarchos, statue at Olympia, [358].
• Aristeides, the Elder, painter, [29].
• Aristeus, statue, at Olympia, [344].
• Aristion, statue at Olympia, 46, 88, 117, 159 and note [3], [240], [345].
• Aristion, stele of, [124], [127].
  • See Aristokles.
• Aristodamos, statue at Olympia, [356].
• Aristodemos, statue at Olympia, [120].
• Aristogeiton, statue of, [173f].
  • See also Harmodios and Tyrannicides.
• Aristokles, Cretan sculptor of Sikyon, [118], [120].
• Aristokles, sculptor of Aristion stele, [127].
• Ariston, of Rhegion, kitharoidos, [284].
• Ariston, P. Kornelios, statue at Olympia, [359].
• Aristonikos of Egypt, beaten at Olympia, [147].
• Aristonikos of Karystos, ball-player, [84].
• Aristophanes, [36], [246];
  • scholia on, 110, 363.
• Aristophanes, of Byzantion, [367].
• Aristophon, statue at Olympia, [31], [345], [368];
  • at Athens, 368.
• Aristotimos, [42].
• Aristotle, honor statue at Olympia, [42];
  • lost work of, on Olympic victors, [45], [130], [343];
  • on inscribed base of statue of unknown Olympic victor, [367];
  • on jumping, [214];
  • on jumping-weights, [216];
  • in praise of “mimetic” arts, 58.
• Arkadia, funeral games in, [9], [20];
  • Pausanias’ description of, [326];
  • statue of unnamed boxer from, at Olympia, 245.
• Arkas, father of Azan, [9].
• Arkesilaos, of Sparta, statue at Olympia, [29].
• Arkesilas IV, of Kyrene, chariot victor at Olympia [257];
  • chariot model at Delphi, [24], [265], [267];
  • as dedicator of the Delphi Charioteer, 277.
• Arm, right, of boy victor, from Olympia, [46];
  • bronze right arm from statue of Olympic victor, 322.
• Armed contest, in early Greek art, 8–9.
• Armor, race in; see Hoplite-race. Arndt, P., on so-called Jason, of Louvre, [87];
  • on the Perinthos and allied heads, 180.
• Arolsen, statuette of diskobolos in, [187].
• Arrhachion, crowned after death, [247];
  • statue at Phigalia, [100], [325], [326f]., [328], [335], [337], [363];
  • inscription on, [333];
  • one of oldest victor statues, [327], [333];
  • three victories of [327];
  • throttled by adversary, 247.
• Ars statuaria, defined by Pliny, [302].
• Artemas, P. Ailios, statue at Olympia, [360].
• Artemidoros, Olympic victor, [354].
• Artemidoros, T. Phlabios, statue in Naples, [369].
• Artemis, on Sparta relief, [284].
• Artemisia, chariot-group of, [264].
• Artists, statues of, at Olympia, [285].
• Arvanitopoullos, A. S., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [81], [84].
• Aryballos, [74], [119], [137], [138], [212];
  • on vase-paintings, [133];
  • wrongly as wrestler attribute, 165.
• Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, head of Diadoumenos in, [154].
• Asiatics, wear loin-cloth, [48].
• Asios, fragment of, [52].
• Asklepiades, M. Aurelios, dedicates statue in Rome to father, [370].
• Asklepiades, P., dedicates bronze diskos at Olympia, [22], [360].
• Asklepieion, the, at Athens, statues in, [130].
• Asklepios, temple at Sikyon, [370].
• Assimilation of statues of men to god and hero types, [71f].;
  • of Olympic victor statues, [71f].;
  • to types of Apollo, [88f].;
  • of the Dioskouroi, [96f].;
  • of Herakles, [93f]., [319];
  • of Hermes, [75f].
• Assurbanipal, reliefs from palace of, at Nineveh, [330].
• Assyro-Babylonian art, reliefs of, represented in motion, [177];
  • influence on early Greek art, 329.
• Astragalos, base in form of, at Olympia, [240].
• Astylos, bribed by Hiero of Syracuse, [33];
  • statue at Kroton, [33], [363];
  • at Olympia, 179, 363.
• Asymmetry, example of, [70].
• Atalanta, soul of, chooses body of athlete, in Plato’s myth of Er, [36];
  • statue of, from Tegea, 306, 310, 316.
• Athena, Alea, temple at Tegea, [306];
  • Chalkioikos, hieron of, in Sparta, [283];
  • helmeted heads of, [53];
  • Lemnia, [53];
  • Old Temple of, on Akropolis, [128], [271];
  • on relief from Tarentum, 96.
• Athenæus, [57], [284].
• Athenaia; see Panathenaia. Athenaios, statue at Olympia, [244], [343], [353].
• Athens, athletes at, divided into two classes according to age, [189];
  • coins of, showing Apollo, [90];
  • statues of victors in, 26–27;
  • Gymnasion of Ptolemy at, 166.
• Athletes: barefoot and bareheaded, [48];
  • head of, in Capitoline called Juba II, [166];
  • head of, in Metropolitan Museum, showing swollen ears, [168];
  • statue of, in Copenhagen resembling the Agias, [293];
  • statue found at Ephesos, [137], [138];
  • two statues in lunging attitude, in Dresden, [292];
  • statue from Palazzo Farnese, now in London, [293];
  • statue of late style in Lansdowne House, London, [180];
  • statues of, adorn palæstræ and gymnasia, [297];
  • statues of, assimilated to types of Apollo, [88f].;
  • of the Dioskouroi, 96–97;
  • of Herakles, [93f].;
  • of Hermes, [75f].;
  • bronze statuette in Louvre, 213, 214; etc.
• Athletics, origin and early history of Greek, [1f].;
  • in Crete, [1f].;
  • at Delphi, [25];
  • in Homer, [7f].;
  • athletics and Greek religion, [14];
  • influence on sculpture, [64];
  • athletic funeral scene on a Cypriote silver vase from Etruria, [13];
  • Argive-Sikyonian school of athletic sculptors, [1], [109f].
• Attalos, base of victor statue of Attalos, father of Attalos I, at Pergamon, [368];
  • Portico of, in Athens, 368.
• Attic sculptors, [126f].;
  • characteristics of, [128];
  • examples of pre-Persian sculptures, [281];
  • influence on Polykleitos, [152], [153];
  • old Attic canon of proportions, 68.
• Attributes of victor statues, [147f].;
  • primary, [148f].;
  • secondary [161f].
• Augustus, coins of, showing celery, [21];
  • enlarges privileges of athletes in Rome, [33];
  • statue from Primaporta, 82.
• Aura, victorious mare of Pheidolas, [279].
• Aurelius, M. Antoninus, [43].
• Authors; see Poets, Prose-writers. Autolykos, statue in Athens, [27].
• Autun, statuette of pancratiast from, in Louvre, [167], [250].
• Aves, the, of Aristophanes, quoted, [206].
• Azan, games of, in Arkadia, [9], [259].
• Bacchiadas, flutist, statue on Helikon, [284].
• Bacchylides, [10], [36].
• Ball-playing (σφαιρίζειν), in antiquity, [83], [84];
  • game known as φανίνδα, [84];
  • Spartan origin of, 84.
• Barbarians, invade Greece in Middle Ages, [322];
  • destroy victor statues at Olympia, 43.
• Barberini Palace, Rome, statue in, [142];
  • estate of the Barberini, 50.
• Barracco Collection, Rome, athlete statue in, [156].
• Bases; see Victor statue bases. Bassai, temple of Apollo Epikourios at, [327].
• Bates, W. N., on interpretation of head of boy statue from Sparta, [305].
• Bathykles, sculptor, [12].
• Battos of Kyrene, group of, dedicated at Delphi, [277].
• Baukis, statue at Olympia, [117].
• Beauty, contest of, among women, in Arkadia, [57];
  • in Elis, [57];
  • on Lesbos, [57];
  • at Panathenaic games, Athens, [57];
  • on Tenedos, [57];
  • games in honor of, [57];
  • Greek worship of, [57];
  • youth chosen for, at Tanagra, 57.
• Bellerophon, on Chimæra tomb, Xanthos, [271].
• Belvedere Hermes, statue in Vatican, [72].
• Beneventum, head from, in Louvre, [63].
• Beni-Hasan, Egypt, wall-paintings at, [1], [228].
• Benndorf, on Boboli athlete in Florence, [180];
  • on epigram relative to Ladas, [197];
  • on Pliny’s nudus talo incessens of Polykleitos, 250.
• Bieber, Fräulein, on various artistic tendencies in the Daochos group, [291].
• Bigae and quadrigae, mentioned by Pliny, [264].
• Biting, prohibited in pankration, [246].
• Biton (?), statue of, from Delphi, [105].
• Bloch, on the Uffizi Apoxyomenos, [137].
• Boboli athlete in Florence, [180];
  • Hermes, 85.
• Boeckh, on division of athletes according to age at Athens, [189].
• Boëdromion, month of, [18].
• Bœotian games in Thebes, statues erected for, [26].
• Boetticher, on Praxitelian origin of head from Olympia, [294].
• Bologna, r.-f. krater in, [90].
• Bonus Eventus (?), statue found in Rhine, [276].
• Boreas, winged, on relief in Metropolitan Museum, [194].
• Borghese Warrior (Gladiator), statue by Agasias, [169], [208], [209], [290].
• Borsdorf, bronze bowl from, [231].
• Bosanquet, R. C., on bronze statuette found in sea off Antikythera, [79].
• Boudeuse, la petite, statue from Akropolis, [115].
• Bouleuterion; see Council-house.
• Bouprasion, Nestor contends at, [9].
• Bow, attribute of Philesian Apollo, [119].
• Boxer Vase, from Hagia Triada, [6], [7], [235].
• Boxers, bases of statues of, at Olympia, [240], [241];
  • bearded, on University of Pennsylvania Panathenaic amphora, [239];
  • between groups of warriors and dancers on an eighth century B. C. vase, [13];
  • boxer known as “man with crushed ear,” [167];
  • on Boxer Vase, [6], [7];
  • bronze head of boxer or pancratiast, from Olympia, [146], [254], [255], [322];
  • on bronze shield from Mount Ida, [235];
  • caps of, [165f].;
  • head in Munich, with swollen ears, [63], [168];
  • positions of, on vases, [239];
  • pyctae (?), by Myron, [188];
  • on pyxis, from Knossos, [7];
  • on r.-f. kylix in the British Museum, [239];
  • on r.-f. kylix of Douris, [239];
  • Seated Boxer, of Museo delle Terme, [145f].;
  • statues of, represented in motion, [243];
  • statue of, with Diadoumenos motive, [155];
  • statue in Kassel, [242];
  • statue in Lansdowne House, London, [155];
  • statue in Palazzo Albani, Rome, [165];
  • statue from Sorrento, [242];
  • statuette of, from Olympia, [28], [244];
  • swollen ear of, 240, 241.
• Boxing, [234f].;
  • antiquity of, [235];
  • in Crete, [3], [5], [6], [7], [235];
  • in Homer, [8], [234];
  • invented by Theseus, [235];
  • more dangerous than pankration, [246];
  • most popular sport at Olympia, [235];
  • one of oldest sports, [234];
  • when introduced at Olympia, [235];
  • boys’ contest, when introduced at Olympia, [235];
  • painful character of, [234f].;
  • two periods of, [235];
  • at Sparta, [167];
  • on vases, 239.
• Boxing-gloves, [235f].;
  • on Boxer Vase, [7], [235];
  • in Crete, [235];
  • in Homer, [235];
  • described by Pausanias and Philostratos, [236];
  • forms of, [236];
  • heavy (σφαῖραι or ἱμάντες ὀξεῖς), [235f].;
  • soft (ἱμάντες λεπτοί or μειλίχαι) [235f].;
  • method of putting on, [236];
  • not used in pankration, [246];
  • soft, on bronze arm found in sea off Antikythera, [236];
  • on fist from Verona, [238];
  • on forearms of Seated Boxer of the Museo delle Terme, [237], [238];
  • on statue from Herculaneum, [238];
  • on statue from Sorrento, 238.
• Boy Binding on a Fillet (ἀναδούμενος), by Pheidias, [150].
• Boy Crowning Himself, copies of statue of, identified with statue of Kyniskos at Olympia, [156];
  • on funerary relief, 155.
• Boy victors, statues of, at Olympia, [31];
  • fragments of, [324], [325];
  • less than life-size, [46];
  • boy victor (?) from Sparta, head from statue of, [305f].;
  • as case of assimilation, [319f].;
  • as an eclectic work, [37], [38];
  • chiefly Lysippan, [311], [318];
  • compared with head of Philandridas, [316];
  • surface modeling of, 318.
• Branchidai, [304], [336].
• Brasidas, games in honor of, [11].
• Bribery, of Olympic victors, [33];
  • at Epidauros, the Isthmus, etc., 34.
• Brimias, statue at Olympia, [346].
• Bronze, used for victor statues, [321f].;
  • more expensive than marble, [323], [326];
  • bronze and stone monuments together, 323.
• Brunn, on Aeginetan art, [124];
  • on archaic Attic art, [124];
  • on Daidalian ξόανα, [328];
  • on the Oil-pourer in Munich, [134];
  • on Olympia pediment groups, [114];
  • on Standing Diskobolos, [76];
  • on symmetry and rhythm, [66];
  • on Tux bronze, [207];
  • on the Vaison and Farnese types of the Diadoumenos, 154.
• Brutus, the, of Cicero, [60].
• Brygos, r.-f. kylix in style of, [204].
• Bull, in Crete, [1f].;
  • zone of the, at Olympia, 355.
• Bulle, on boxer head from Olympia, [255];
  • on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [82];
  • on the Polykleitan Diadoumenos, [151];
  • on Doryphoros, [227];
  • on dying hoplite relief, [209];
  • on Egyptian influence on early Greek sculpture, [330];
  • on ephebe statue from Akropolis, [115];
  • on Farnese Herakles, [253];
  • on hair technique of Greek sculptors, [53];
  • on the Idolino, [141], [142];
  • on the Oil-pourer, [134];
  • on Tux bronze, [207];
  • on statues of two wrestlers, from Herculaneum, 231.
• Bull-grappling, in Crete, [2f].;
  • in Tiryns, [2], [3];
  • on Vapheio cups, [355];
  • in Thessaly, [5];
  • in Viterbo, 5.
• Bull-ring, ivory model of, from Knossos, [3].
• Burgon vase, [260].
• Bybon, inscribed solos of, from Olympia, [22], [218].
• Bykelos, statue at Olympia, [120].
• Byzantine church, the, at Olympia, [347], [356f]. Byzantine walls, at Olympia, [345], [357], [358], [359].
• Caere (Cerveteri), Amphiaraos vase from, 13 and note [1];
  • hydrias from, 52.
• Candia, Museum at, [2], [3].
• Canina, discovers the Apoxyomenos of the Vatican, [288].
• Canon, of Polykleitos, [69].
• Canons of proportions, [65f]. Cap, of boxers and pancratiasts, [165f].;
  • on athlete head called Juba II, [166];
  • on relief in Rome, [166];
  • on Munich kylix, 166–167;
  • on statuette from Autun, 167.
• Capua, bronze statuette from, [207].
• Caracalla, baths of, [252].
• Caricature, Theban law against, [57].
• Casa Buonarroti, Florence, arm of Diskobolos from, [186].
• Caskey, L. D., on Sparta head of boy athlete, [305], [306], [310], [319].
• Castel Porziano, copy of Diskobolos from, [184].
• Castellani copy of Spinario, [202].
• Catania, coins of, showing Nike, [182].
• Cauldron, as early prize, from Cumae, [20].
• Celery, fresh, used for wreaths at Nemea, [20], [21];
  • wild, used for wreaths at the Isthmus, 21.
• Celetizontes pueri, of Kanachos, [120].
• Cerveteri; see Caere. Cestus, described by Virgil, [239];
  • metal, invented by Romans, [238], [239];
  • not mentioned by late Greek writers, [239];
  • not used in Greek contests, 235.
• Chabrias, general, statue of, [173].
• Chæroneia, battle of, [301].
• Chalkis, [19].
• Champion, the, of East gable of temple on Aegina, [207];
  • of West gable, 126.
• Chamyne; see Demeter. Chancery, hold in pankration, [247], [248].
• Chaplet, as victor attribute, [148].
• Chariots, Athenian type on vases, [262];
  • on Cretan relief, [262];
  • war-chariot in Crete and at Mycenæ, [262];
  • on Mycenæan tombstones, [262];
  • dedication of, [22];
  • descendant of Homeric war-chariot, [260];
  • four-horse, [262];
  • four-horse, on vases, [263];
  • four-horse, on marble relief, [268], [269];
  • miniature models of, at Olympia, [23];
  • war-chariot from Monteleone, in Metropolitan Museum, [263];
  • two-horse, on vases, [263];
  • two types of Greek racing-chariot, [262];
  • on eighth century B. C. vase, [263];
  • zone of, at Olympia, 345, 346, 352.
• Charioteers, statues of, [274f].;
  • close-fitting chiton of, [275];
  • long chiton of, [48], [263], [273], [274];
  • nude, [48], [275], [276];
  • statue of, in Boston, [275];
  • statue of, at Delphi, [48], [81], [90], [276f].;
  • inscription on, [277];
  • part of a group, [277];
  • copies of, [277];
  • deficiencies of, [278];
  • Gelo as dedicator of, [278];
  • as Aeginetan, [278];
  • as Attic work, [278];
  • assigned to Pythagoras, [278];
  • statue of, from Esquiline, [276];
  • statue of (?) found in Rhine near Xanten, [276];
  • relief of, mounting chariot, from Akropolis, 128, 269.
• Chariot-groups, at Olympia, [264f];
  • remains of, 269.
• Chariot-race, antiquity at Olympia, [259];
  • common in Greece, [257f].;
  • most brilliant event at Olympia and elsewhere, [257];
  • one of earliest events at Olympia, [259];
  • with two colts συνωρὶς πώλων, at Olympia, [260];
  • harnessing of two horses, on b.-f. hydria, [263];
  • groups, remains at Olympia, [269];
  • with four colts πώλων ἅρμα, at Olympia, when introduced, [260];
  • with four horses τέθριππον or ἵππων τελείων δρόμος, when introduced at Olympia, [259], [260];
  • four-horse τέθριππον, on Panathenaic vase from Sparta, [263];
  • length of race with four colts at Olympia, [260];
  • length of race with four full-grown horses at Olympia, [260];
  • with mules ἀπήνη, when introduced at Olympia, [261];
  • at oldest funeral games, in Arkadia, [259];
  • oldest monument of, at Olympia, [264], [265];
  • origin of in mythical times, [259];
  • originally with two horses, [260];
  • when stopped at Olympia, [261];
  • sport of wealthy, [257];
  • representations, common on vases, [262f].;
  • trotting-race with mares κάλπη, [261], [282].
  • See Apobates, chariot-race.
• Chariot victors, dedicate chariot-groups at Olympia, [264f].;
  • dedicate models of chariots at Olympia, [265];
  • dedicate statues at Olympia, [265];
  • act as own charioteers, 266–267.
• Charmides, statue at Olympia, [342].
• Charops, statue at Olympia, [358].
• Chase, G. H., on bronze tripods in Loeb collection, 194, note [7];
  • on Monteleone chariot, 264.
• Cheilon, ephor of Sparta, died of joy at Olympia, [36].
• Cheilon, date of second victory of, [301];
  • fights at Lamia, [301];
  • statue at Olympia, 32, 121, 298.
• Cheimon, statue at Argos, [366];
  • at Olympia, 117, 234, 344, 366.
• Cheirisophos, sculptor, [334].
• Chewsurs, of the Caucasus, funeral games among, [11].
• Chimæra tomb, so-called, at Xanthos, [271].
• Chinnery Hermes, head, [181].
• Chionis, statue at Olympia, [32], [333], [352], [362];
  • tablet of, at Sparta, [362];
  • record jump of, at Olympia, 216.
• Chios, early sculpture of, 177; games on, [189].
• Chisel, used in hair of the Agias and Philandridas, [297].
• Chiton, conventional dress of charioteers, [275].
• Chiusi, wall-painting from, [217].
• Chlamys, on statues of Meleager, [313].
• Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo, statue known as, [89f].;
  • replica of head in British Museum, [91];
  • replica of head, from Kyrene [334];
  • thongs on tree-trunk nearby, 165.
• Chorus, of boys and girls, in honor of victors, [34].
• Christodoros, description of statue of Hermes by, [87].
• Chrysippos, quoted by Galen, [70].
• Chrysothemis, sculptor, [105], [116].
• Cicero, as art critic, [60].
• Cincinnatus, [87].
• Circassians, funeral games among, [11].
• Circus, Roman, hair-fashion of athletes at, [52];
  • finally supersedes equestrian contests of Olympia, 261.
• Cloak, prize at Pellene, [20].
• Club, on Cretan grave-relief, [199];
  • on statuette from Palermo, 199.
• Cockerell, on dedication from Delphi, [372].
• Coins: of Antoninus Pius, showing pine, [21];
  • of Alexander the Great, showing Herakles, [253];
  • of Athens, showing Apollo, [90];
  • of Augustus, showing celery, [21];
  • of Catania, showing Nike, [182];
  • of Commodus as Hercules, [74];
  • of Delphi, showing Apollo, [92], [336];
  • of Euagoras I, King of Salamis in Cyprus, showing swollen ears, [169];
  • of Geta, [306];
  • of Lucius Verus, [21];
  • of Markianopolis, [87];
  • of Messana, showing mule-car, [263];
  • of Messene, [111];
  • of Miletos, [74], [118], [119], [336];
  • of Nero, [21];
  • of Philip II, King of Macedon, showing victorious jockey with palm-branch, [280];
  • of Philippopolis, [78];
  • of Rhegion, showing mule-car, [263];
  • of Selinos, showing celery wreath, [21];
  • of Sicily, showing racing chariots, [262], [263];
  • of Syracuse, showing Nike with tablet, [182];
  • of Tarentum, showing apobates horse-race, [282];
  • showing poses of Olympic victor statues, [44];
  • showing scenes of wrestling, 228.
• Collignon, M., on statue of Astylos, at Kroton, [364];
  • on so-called Borghese Warrior, [209];
  • on the Doryphoros of Polykleitos, [227];
  • on Egyptian influence on early Greek sculpture, [329];
  • on identification of the statue of Kyniskos, [159];
  • on the Olympia gable sculptures, [114];
  • on Tux bronze, 207.
• Color, on early Attic sculpture, [126].
• Commodus, statue in Mantua, [72];
  • coins of, showing him as Hercules, 74.
• Concentration (αύτάρκεια), in Greek statues, [82];
  • in Myron’s statues, [183];
  • in the Diskobolos, 137, 201.
• Concord, temple of, Rome, [234].
• Constantinople, sack of, by Franks, [253].
• Contest (Agon), figure of, in Mikythos group at Olympia, [164], [215].
• Conversion of athlete statues into those of gods, [74].
• Conze, A., on “Apollo” type as representing victors, [335];
  • on Choiseul-Gouffier statue type, [90];
  • on statue of Commodus at Mantua, 72.
• Copenhagen, heads in Ny-Carlsberg collection at, with swollen ears, [168].
• Corfu, bronze from, [96].
• Corinth, clay tablets from, [52], [182];
  • festival at Isthmus of, [1];
  • meeting-place of East and West, [17];
  • near Isthmian games, [25];
  • end of tyranny at, 17.
• Corn-grinding slave woman, Egyptian statuette of, [177].
• Council-house (Bouleuterion), at Olympia, [227], [344], [346], [349], [350], [355], [357], [358].
• Cow, sacrificed to Hera at the Heraia, Olympia, [49].
• Cowardice, case of, at Olympia, [34].
• Crete, acrobats of, [2];
  • center of Aegean civilization, [1];
  • costumes of men and women acrobats, [2], [4];
  • Cretan youths dedicate offerings to Eros, [57];
  • Cretan youths sacrifice to Apollo, the runner, [88];
  • famed in the long race, [191];
  • motion figures from, [3];
  • origin of sports in, [1];
  • physical development in, [6];
  • sports in, [1f].
• Crœsus, fall of empire of, [126].
• Cross-buttocks, throw in wrestling, [229];
  • shown in small bronze group in the Loeb Collection, 232, 233.
• Crown of wild olive, as temporary reward for victor, [37], [155f]. Cuirass (?), prize at Argos, [20].
• Cumae, inscribed cauldron from, as prize, [20].
• Cures, effected by victor statues, [35].
• Curtius, E., on the Σκήνωμα in Sparta, [367].
• Cypriote silver vase in repoussé from Etruria, in Florence, [13].
• Daidalian ξόανα, [328].
• Daidalos, of Crete, mythical sculptor, [118].
• Daidalos, of Sikyon, sculptor, [109], [120], [138], [266], [279];
  • Daidalos and canon of Polykleitos, [69];
  • statues of destringentes se by, [136];
  • leg position of statues of, 159.
• Daïkles, victor, [20].
• Daïppos, sculptor, statues at Olympia, [121];
  • perixyomenoi by, 136.
• Daitondas, sculptor, [121].
• Dalecampius, on Myron’s pristae, 188. Damagetos, statue at Olympia, [36], [46], [355].
• Damaithidas, statue at Olympia, [358].
• Damaretos, statue at Olympia, [105], [116], [117], [161], [203].
• Dameas, sculptor, [116].
• Damokritos, sculptor, [120].
• Damonon, hippodrome victories of, in and near Lakonia, [257];
  • acts as own charioteer, 266.
• Damoxenidas, statue at Olympia, [44].
• Damoxenos, slays Kreugas in pankration at Nemea, [237], [247].
• Danaë and Perseus, in a chest, [188].
• Dancers, bronze, from Herculaneum, identified with statue of Kyniska, [267];
  • ceremonial of, at Knossos, [3];
  • on shield of Achilles, 5.
• Daochos, dedicates statuary group at Pharsalos and Delphi, [286f]. Dead, cult of, as origin of Greek games, [9f]. Dedication, of athletic prizes, [21f].;
  • formulæ at Olympia, 37.
• Deida, M., statue at Olympia, [359].
• Deinolochos, statue at Olympia, [120].
• Deinosthenes, statue at Olympia, [347].
• Delian Apollo, of Angelion and Tektaios, [304];
  • “doubles” of, in Athens and Delphi, 304.
• Delos, Apollo from, [334];
  • colossal Apollo from, [336];
  • copy of Diadoumenos from, [92f]., [152], [153];
  • Ionian festival on, [15];
  • contests of Theseus in honor of Apollo on, [160];
  • tripods in temple of Apollo on, 9.
• Delphi, “Apollos” from, [104];
  • athletes divided into three classes according to age, [189];
  • coins of, showing Apollo, [92], [336];
  • coins of, showing laurel wreath, [21];
  • contests at, [25];
  • athletic, [25];
  • dramatic, [25];
  • equestrian, [25];
  • flute solo, [25];
  • lyre-playing, [25];
  • music, as chief contest at, [25];
  • painting, [25];
  • poetry, [25];
  • singing, [25];
  • decrees of, to athletes, [26];
  • Delphians sacrifice to Apollo the boxer, [88];
  • festival at, [9];
  • inscribed bases of victor monuments from, [26];
  • mentioned by Homer, [9];
  • oracle at, [18], [30], [34];
  • religious interest of Pausanias in, [24];
  • statue of pancratiast at, [26];
  • statuette of victor from, [28];
  • temple of Apollo at, [336];
  • tripods in temple of Apollo at, [19];
  • victor monuments at, [26];
  • victor grave-relief from, 138.
• Demeter, the Eleusinia in honor of, [18];
  • Chamyne, priestess of, admitted to Olympia, [16];
  • of Knidos, statue of, 311.
• Demetrios, M. Aurelios, Olympic victor statue in Rome, [370].
• Demetrios of Phaleron, honor statues in Athens, [41].
• Demetrios, sculptor, [56].
• Demokrates, statue at Olympia, [358].
• Deonna, W., against Egyptian influence on early Greek sculpture, [329].
• Dermys and Kitylos, grave-figures of, from Tanagra, [335].
• Destringentes se, statues mentioned by Pliny, [136].
• Diadoumenoi, or fillet-binders, [150f]. Diadoumenos, of Pheidias, [150f].;
  • older than that of Polykleitos, [151];
  • motive of, [151];
  • Farnese copy, [151];
  • of Polykleitos, [152f].;
  • as example of rest statue, [99];
  • as example of “ethical grace,” [63];
  • leg position of, [159];
  • copy of, from Delos, [92f]., [152], [153];
  • other copies of, [152f].;
  • head-style of, [152];
  • British Museum head of, [153], [154];
  • Dresden head of, [153];
  • Kassel head of, [153];
  • statuette from Smyrna, [154];
  • on throne of Zeus at Olympia, [150];
  • pose of Vaison and Farnese copies, 155.
• Diagoras, most famous Greek boxer, [365];
  • statue at Olympia, [130], [365];
  • size of, [45];
  • family group of, 342, 343, 352.
• Diaulodromos, or double sprinter, [193];
  • on Athens inscribed vase, 194.
• Dickins, G., on Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [90];
  • on statuette of trumpeter from Sparta, 283.
• Didymaion, near Miletos, [108];
  • statues at, 26.
• Diitrephes, statue on Akropolis, 199 and note [5], [373].
• Dikon, three statues at Olympia, [29], [55];
  • bribed by Syracuse, 33.
• Dio Chrysostom, on art, [61];
  • on confusing athlete and hero statues, [71];
  • on difference between victor and honor statues, [41];
  • on Theagenes’ statue at Thasos, 364.
• Diodoros, on Egyptian influence on early Greek sculpture, [330];
  • on proportion in Egyptian statuary, 67, note [4];
  • on family of the artist Rhoikos of Samos, [330];
  • on Pythian Apollo by Telekles and Theodoros, 334.
• Diogenes, five times victor in trumpeting, at Olympia, [283];
  • base of statue at Olympia, 360.
• Diogenes Laertios, on gold statue vowed by Periandros, [266];
  • on Pythagoras, 67, 179.
• Diomedes, as boxer, [169];
  • Delphic tripod ascribed to, [21];
  • single combat of, with Ajax, [8];
  • statue known as, in Munich, [157], [169];
  • statue known as, in Palazzo Valentini, Rome, 163, 207.
• Dionysia, games at the, in Kyrene, [50];
  • at Sparta, [50];
  • statue of victor at, in Athens, 27.
• Dionysios, sculptor, [268].
• Dionysios, tyrant of Syracuse, [33].
• Dionysos, bearded type of, [335];
  • short hair of, on Parthenon frieze, [53];
  • statue of, in group, [144];
  • statue of (?), found in Rhine near Xanten, [276];
  • tripods in honor of, at Athens and Rhodes, 19.
• Diophanes, statue at the Isthmus, [27].
• Diophon, pentathlete, epigram on, [210].
• Dioskouroi, athlete statues assimilated to, [96], [97];
  • diskos dedicated to, by Exoïdas, [218];
  • on grave-relief in Verona, [97];
  • relief of, from Tarentum, [96];
  • on votive relief in London, 97.
• Dipoinos, sculptor, [118], [122], [334].
  • See also Skyllis.
• Dipylon geometric vase from Akropolis, in Copenhagen, showing funeral games, [13].
• Diskoboloi, statuettes of, [28], [218f];
  • bronze statuette in London, [221];
  • bronze statuette in Metropolitan Museum, [116], [148], [220], [221];
  • on cover of lebes in London, 221.
• Diskobolos, the, of Myron, [184f].;
  • cast of, from various copies, [186];
  • concentration of (αυτάρκεια) [137], [183], [201];
  • copies of [184f].;
  • copy of, in Capitoline, [185];
  • from Castel Porziano, [184];
  • in Lancellotti Palace, Rome, [184];
  • Græco-Roman copy from Tivoli, in London, [184], [185];
  • in Vatican, from Tivoli, [184];
  • on a gem, [187];
  • as example of a diskos-thrower, [164];
  • as example of rhythm, [66];
  • Lucian’s description of, [186], [187];
  • moment chosen by Myron in, [187];
  • pose of, [219], [220];
  • predecessors of, [222];
  • Quintilian on, [187];
  • relief of, from Dipylon, [127];
  • represents trained athlete, [183], [184];
  • right arm of, from Casa Buonarroti, Florence, [186];
  • short hair of, [52];
  • small bronze in Berlin, [221];
  • statuettes in Munich and Arolsen, [187];
  • compared with Tyrannicides, [183].
  • See also Standing Diskobolos.
• Diskoi, bronze, from the Altis, [22], [218];
  • dedication of bronze, [22];
  • kept in Sikyonian treasury at Olympia, for use of pentathletes, [22];
  • on r.-f. vase in Munich, [164];
  • diskos, as attribute of pentathlete statues, [164];
  • bronze, from Sicily, [217];
  • inscribed, of Asklepiades, [40];
  • inscribed, of Exoïdas, from Kephallenia (?), [97], [218];
  • known to Homer, [218];
  • lighter for boys than for men, 218.
• Diskos-throwing (δισκοβολία), goes back to mythology, [218];
  • shown by statues, statuettes, reliefs, vase-paintings, etc., [164], [218];
  • seven positions of, given by Gardiner, [218f].;
  • record throw of Phaÿllos in, discussed, 216.
• Dittenberger, W., on division of athletes at Athens, according to age, [189];
  • on Pliny, [27];
  • on votive character of inscriptions on victor statue-bases, at Olympia, [39];
  • Dittenberger and Purgold, on exclusive use of bronze for Olympic victor statues, 321.
• Diver (?), statuette of, from Perugia, [217].
• Dodona, bronze statuette from, [143];
  • bronze statuette of ephebe on horseback from, [28], [281];
  • bronze statuette of warrior from, [126], [178];
  • mentioned by Homer, [16];
  • tripods in temple of Zeus at, 19.
• Doerpfeld, W., on base of the Platæan Zeus at Olympia, [344];
  • on bases of victors found in South wall of Altis, [347];
  • on beginning of Pausanias’ first route in the Altis, [341];
  • on excavations at site so-called of Great Altar of Zeus at Olympia, [349];
  • on positions of victor statues in the Altis, [340];
  • on second route of Pausanias in the Altis, [351];
  • on statues, ἐν τῇ Ἄλτει, 350.
• Dolichodromos, endurance runner, [193].
• Domitian, stadion at Rome, [50].
• Dorians, the, [1].
• Dorieus, prisoner at Athens, [36];
  • victor statue at Olympia, 355.
• Dorykleidas, victor dedication to Herakles and Hermes by, [75], [76].
• Doryphoroi, mentioned by Pliny, [226].
• Doryphoros, of Kresilas, [145];
  • of Polykleitos, [77], [224f].;
  • as an Achilles, [92];
  • converted into god-type, [74];
  • converted into Hermes, [87], [88];
  • compared with Diadoumenos, [152];
  • copy at Olympia, [227];
  • green basalt torso in Florence, [225];
  • marble torso formerly in Pourtalès Collection, [225];
  • from Pompeii, its measurements, [70];
  • copy in Vatican, [225];
  • etymology and use of word, [225], [226];
  • head from Herculaneum, by Apollonios, [168];
  • as highest ideal of manly beauty, [141];
  • as example of javelin-thrower, [164];
  • leg position of, [159];
  • as master of Lysippos, [70], [301];
  • as norm of proportions, [58], [68], [69], [70];
  • original as pentathlete victor statue, [227];
  • pose of, [225];
  • style of head of, [152];
  • as victor statue, 226, 227.
• Double foot-race (δίαυλος), [190];
  • date of introduction at Olympia, 191.
• “Doubles” of statues, [304], [305].
• Douris, on Lysippos, [69].
• Douris, vase-painter, r.-f. kylix by, [239].
• Dramatic contests, at Delphi, [25].
• Dresden Boy, the, statue in Dresden, [213].
• Dromeus, statue at Olympia, [179], [343];
  • identified with mala ferens nudus, of Pliny, 182.
• Drunkenness, statue of, [144].
• Duerer, Albrecht, on proportions, [68].
• Duetschke, on the Mantuan Commodus, [72].
• Dumont, on division of athletes at Athens by age, [189].
• Dying hoplite runner, relief of, in Athens, [194], [209].
• Dying Gaul statues, [255].
• Dyneiketos, victor, represented on r.-f. Panathenaic vase, [280].
• Ear, swollen, as attribute of victor statues, [167f].;
  • as professional characteristic of athlete and god statues, [168];
  • on various heads, [168];
  • on heads of gods and heroes, [169f].
• Ear-lappets (ἀμφωτίδες, ἐπωτίδες), on marble head, [167];
  • worn by boys in the palæstra, 167.
• Echembrotos, musician, dedicates a tripod to Herakles [22].
• Echo Colonnade, at Olympia, [343], [345], [352], [358], [360].
• Egesta, Sicily, [35];
  • honors Philippos, victor, with a heroön, 57.
• Egypt, division of, into Old and Middle Kingdoms, and New Empire, 330–331.
• Egyptian art, proportions in, 67 and note [4];
  • adopted by Greeks, [330];
  • becomes fixed, [331];
  • influence of, on early Greek art, [328f]., [332];
  • Egyptian statues, characteristics of, [332];
  • compared with Greek, 332.
• Eklektos, Valerios, statue at Athens, [371];
  • at Olympia, 359, 360, 371.
• Elean register, [31];
  • school of sculpture, [114];
  • umpires, 94.
• Eleans, led by Oxylos from Aitolia, [15].
• Electra, of Sophokles, quoted, [267].
• Eleusinia, the, [18];
  • prizes at, [20];
  • statue of victor in Athens, 27.
• Eleusis, copy of statue of Kyniskos (?) from, [74], [156].
• Eleutheria, games at Platæa, 11, 203. Emerson, A., on statue of Kyniska, [267].
• Energy, as characteristic of Myron’s statues, [152].
• Enkrinomenos, statue by Alkamenes, [77], [134].
• Enymakratidas, hippodrome victories of, in Lakonia, [257].
• Epainetos, inscribed jumping-weight of, from Eleusis, [215].
• Epeios, boxing-match with Euryalos, [7], [88].
• Epeirote singer, pummelled by order of Nero, [34].
• Eperastos, victor at Olympia, [163].
• Ephebe, head of, with yellow hair, from Akropolis, [116];
  • statue from Akropolis, [115], [175];
  • statue from Hadrian’s villa, assimilated to Hermes, [80];
  • victorious ephebes leading horses, on Athenian relief, [281];
  • ephebes (ἀγένειοι), 189.
• Ephodoi (ἔφοδοι), or routes of Pausanias, in the Altis, [339], [341f]., [348f]. Epicharinos, statue on Akropolis, [27], [176], [179], [206], [372].
• Epidauros, inscription from, [34].
• Epigonos, erects monument to Attalos, [368].
• Epigrams, on Olympic victor statue bases, [43].
• Epikradios, statue at Olympia, [122], [352].
• Epitaphia, festival at Athens, [18].
• Epitherses, statue at Olympia, [31], [244], [346].
• Eponymus victor, at Olympia, [191].
• Equestrian contests, at Delphi, [25];
  • at Olympia, replaced by amusements of Roman circus, [261];
  • revived at Olympia under Empire, [261].
  • See also Chariot-race, Horse-race.
• Er, myth of, in Plato’s Republic, [36].
• Erasistratos, physician at Alexandria, [290].
• Eretrian Bull, the, at Olympia, [342], [352], [357], [358], [359];
  • zone of, at Olympia, 343.
• Eriphyle, on archaic vase, [13].
• Eros, offerings to, [57];
  • bronze statue from Tunis, 156, 158.
• Erotidia, division of athletes at the Bœotian, according to age, [189].
• Etruria, funeral games of, borrowed by Romans, [11];
  • athletic scenes from tombs of, 11.
• Etruscan Orator, statue in Florence, [82].
• Euagoras I, King of Salamis, in Cyprus, coins of, showing swollen ears, [169].
• Euagoras of Sparta, chariot-group of, at Olympia, [23], [37], [265].
• Eubotas, statue at Kyrene, [366];
  • at Olympia, 31, 352, 366.
• Eudelos, of Rhodes, adversary of Straton, at Olympia, [34].
• Eukles, statue at Olympia, [45], [117], [241], [342], [343].
• Eumastas, inscribed stone of, from Thera, 218, note [3].
• Eunomos, kitharoidos, statue in honor of Pythian victory, [284].
• Euphorbos, on painted terra-cotta plate, [178].
• Euphranor, sculptor, [23], [36], [69];
  • books of, on symmetry, [69];
  • canon of, [69];
  • head of athlete statue from circle of, 233.
• Euphronios, r.-f. kylix by, [204].
• Eupolemos, statue at Olympia, 120, 342.c Eupolos, bribes three adversaries at Olympia and all four are fined, [33].
• Eupompos, painter, [29], [69], [160].
• Euripides, protests against professionalism in athletics, [36].
• Euryalos, [8], [88].
• Eurybates, pentathlete, [59].
• Euryleonis, victress, statue at Sparta, [367].
• Eurytos, [8].
• Eusebios, on statue of Theagenes, [364].
• Eutelidas, sculptor, [105], [116].
• Eutelidas, victor statue at Olympia, [106], [333], [337], [346].
• Euthykrates, sculptor, [314].
• Euthymenes, statue at Olympia, [120], [344], [352].
• Euthymos, boxing match with Theagenes, [247];
  • son of river god Kaikinos, [35];
  • statue at Lokroi Epizephyrioi, [364];
  • statue at Olympia, [55], [62], [90], [179], [183], [342], [352];
  • inscribed base from, [38];
  • statue at Olympia identified by Waldstein with Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo type, 179.
• Eutychides, sculptor and painter, [121], [324].
• Evans, A., on ivory statuettes from Knossos, [3];
  • on stucco reliefs from Knossos, 4.
• Exainetos, victor, drawn into native city by fellow-citizens, [35].
• Exhortation to the Arts, work by Galen cited, [37].
• Exoïdas, bronze diskos of, [97], [218].
• Eye, almond-shaped, in archaic art, [127];
  • in the Agias, [315];
  • in Skopaic heads, [308], [311f].;
  • treatment of, by Lysippos, [311f].
• Fabius Maximus, carries off colossal Herakles from Tarentum to Rome, [253].
• Fagan head, the, in British Museum, [87].
• Farnese Diadoumenos, statue in British Museum, [151f]., [154];
  • compared with Diadoumenos from Vaison, 154.
• Farnese Herakles, statue in Naples, [252], [253];
  • of Lysippan origin, [253];
  • as realistic work, 289.
• Farnese Hermes, statue in British Museum, [72].
• Farnsworth Museum, Wellesley, Mass., statue of athlete in, [139].
• Fawn, as attribute of Philesian Apollo, [119].
• Fellows, C., discovers Chimæra tomb at Xanthos, [271].
• Fevers, cured by victor statues, [364].
• Ficoroni cista, in Rome, [243], [269].
• Fierce expression (γοργόν), of Philandridas head from Olympia, [294], [297];
  • threatening look of athletes mentioned by Sokrates, 59.
• File, use of, on Philandridas head, [295].
• Fillet, victor, [168f].;
  • on victor statues, [149f].;
  • on statue from Piræus, [150];
  • in hand of victor, [150];
  • on heads, [96];
  • as symposium attribute, [149];
  • rolled, on heads of Herakles, [170].
  • See Tainia.
• Fillet-binders, or diadoumenoi, [150f]. Fine, paid by Theagenes, [247].
• Finger, as common measure in proportions, [68].
• Flasch, A. F., on bronze head of a boxer from Olympia, [255];
  • on the Olympia gable sculptures, [114];
  • on positions of victor statues in Altis, 340.
• Flaxman, John, sculptor, on proportions, [68].
• Flute-playing, at Delphi, [25];
  • accompanies pentathlon, at Olympia, [284];
  • on vases, 285.
• Flutists, statues of victorious, [284];
  • honor statue of, [42];
  • on chest of Kypselos, 285.
• Flying mare, throw in pankration, [247];
  • throw in wrestling, 229.
• Foal-race, at Olympia, [260].
• Foerster, H., on location of statue of Ladas, [197];
  • on statue of Leon, 366.
• Foerster, R., on head of hoplitodrome, from Olympia, [163].
• Foot, as common measure in proportions, [68];
  • bronze, from victor statue at Olympia, [255], [322];
  • left, forward in Egyptian and early Greek statues, 332.
• Footmarks, on bases of victor statues, at Olympia, [43].
• Foot-race, the, at games of Patroklos, [8];
  • at the Heraia, at Olympia, [49].
  • See Stade-race.
• Forearm, fragment of, with horn, in relief, [4].
• Fragments, bronze, of victor statues, from Olympia, [322];
  • marble, from Olympia, [324];
  • bronze, of boy victor statues from Olympia, [322];
  • marble, of boy victor statues from Olympia, 324, 325.
• Frascati, statuette from, in Boston, [138].
• Frazer, J. G., on Arrhachion’s statue, [327];
  • on funeral games, [11];
  • on omission of Olympiad 211 from Elean register, [369];
  • on statue of Diitrephes, Athens, 373.
• “Free” leg, motive in sculpture, [109], [226].
• Friedrichs, K., on identifying Doryphoros from Pompeii, [224].
• Friedrichs-Wolters, on Olympia gable sculptures, [114].
• Fritsch, G., on body proportions in Greek sculpture, [67].
• Froehner, W., on the Jason of the Louvre, [87].
• “Frontality,” law of, formulated, [175], [328].
• Frost, K. T., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [82];
  • on differences between the Agias and Apoxyomenos, [290];
  • on Ligourió bronze, 111.
• Funeral games, on archaic vases, [13];
  • attested by early Greek art, [12];
  • on Dipylon vase, in Copenhagen, [13];
  • in honor of Azan, 9; in honor of eminent men, [11];
  • in honor of Patroklos, [8], [9];
  • origin of, [14];
  • periodic, [13], [14];
  • on sarcophagus from Klazomenai, [13];
  • funeral customs survive in later ritual, 11.
• Funerary reliefs, Attic, [66].
• Furtwaengler, A., on Akropolis chariot relief, [271];
  • on the Alkibiades of Vatican, [199], [200];
  • on the Apoxyomenos of Uffizi, [137];
  • on the Apoxyomenos of Vatican, [136];
  • on Aristion’s statue, [88], [241];
  • on athlete head in Copenhagen, [95];
  • on athlete statue in British Museum, [293];
  • on bronze head of a boxer in Glyptothek, [63];
  • on bronze head of a boxer from Olympia, [255];
  • on bronze foot from Olympia, [255];
  • on bronze head from Akropolis, [115];
  • on bronze statuette in Louvre, [139];
  • on Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo type, [90];
  • on statue of Diitrephes, on Akropolis, [373];
  • on so-called Diomedes, of Palazzo Valentini, Rome, [207];
  • on doryphoroi of Pliny, [226];
  • on term doryphoros, [226];
  • on Dresden athlete statues, [292];
  • on Dresden Boy, [213];
  • on Egyptian influence on “Apollo” type, [329];
  • on ephebe statue from Akropolis, [115];
  • on erecting statues of victors at Olympia, [38];
  • on Esquiline charioteer, [276];
  • on Eupompos’ painting of Olympic victor, [160];
  • on excavations at Aegina, [124];
  • on Hagelaïdas, [110];
  • on Idolino, [141], [142];
  • on influence of athletics on Greek art, [64];
  • on Kassel boxer, [155];
  • on Kassel head of Polykleitos’ Diadoumenos, [153];
  • on kneeling figures from West gable at Olympia, [195];
  • on Kresilæan athlete head, [145];
  • on statue of Kylon, on Akropolis, [362];
  • on statue of Kyniska, at Olympia, [131];
  • on Kyniska’s victor group at Olympia, [267];
  • on Kyniskos’ statue, [74];
  • on Lansdowne Herakles, [313];
  • on libation-pouring, [139];
  • on Ligourió bronze, [111];
  • on marble head in Turin, [93];
  • on Monteleone chariot in Metropolitan Museum, [264];
  • on motive of Pheidias’ Diadoumenos, [151];
  • on Munich Oil-pourer, [134];
  • on Munich King, (?), [226];
  • on Myron’s pristae, [188];
  • on nudus talo incessens of Polykleitos, [250], [251];
  • on Olympia gable sculptures, [114];
  • on Petworth ephebe, [133];
  • on Pheidias’ hair treatment in goddess heads, [53];
  • on Philandridas head, [294];
  • on Pythagoras, [179], [180];
  • on Pythokles’ statue, [212];
  • on Rayet head, [128];
  • on Riccardi bust in Florence, [180];
  • on right arm of boy victor, from Olympia, [46];
  • on rolled fillet, [96];
  • on short and long hair of god heads, [52];
  • on Somzée athlete, [251];
  • on sparring motive in Berlin torso, [244];
  • on Standing Diskobolos, [76];
  • on statue from Carinthia, [131];
  • on statue “doubles,” [304];
  • on statue of youth in Berlin, [292];
  • on tin-foil wheels, from Olympia, [23];
  • on two heads of hoplitodromes from Olympia, [163];
  • on use of marble in Olympic victor statues, [324];
  • on “Vatican athlete at rest,” [140];
  • Furtwaengler and Urlichs, on use of bronze for Olympic victor statues, 321.
• Galen, on ball-playing, [84];
  • on the Doryphoros, [70];
  • protests against professionalism in athletics, 36, 37.
• Games, early Greek, [1f].;
  • origin of, in cult of dead, [9f].;
  • origin of four national, [9];
  • early history of, [14f].;
  • local, [17f].
• Ganymedes, identified with statue of youth from Subiaco, [195].
• Gardiner, E. N., on apobates horse-race, [282];
  • on colossal Farnese Herakles, [252];
  • on diskos-throwing, [218f].;
  • on earliest event at Olympia, [37];
  • on Irish fairs, [12];
  • on origin of four-horse chariot-race at Olympia, [259];
  • on positions in javelin-throwing, [223];
  • on rules of pankration, [246];
  • on shapes of jumping-weights, [214];
  • on Uffizi pancratiast group, 252.
• Gardner, E. A., on the Agias, [303];
  • on artist school at Olympia, [58];
  • on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [81];
  • on contrast between the Atalanta and other Tegea heads, 310, note [3];
  • on epigram from statue of Ladas, [197];
  • on eye treatment in the Agias, [315];
  • on eye treatment in the Atalanta from Tegea, [310];
  • on honors paid to victors, [36];
  • on helmeted head from Tegea, [308].
• Gardner, P., on date of Lysippos [300], [301];
  • on Greek portraiture, [55];
  • on head of Diadoumenos of Polykleitos, in Oxford, [154], [155];
  • on the Meleager and Lansdowne Herakles as Lysippan, [315];
  • quotes K. T. Frost on the Agias and the Apoxyomenos, [290];
  • on symmetry, [66].
• Gelados; see Hagelaïdas. Gelo, chariot-group at Olympia, [23], [122], [257], [264], [266], [344], [355];
  • as dedicator of Delphi Charioteer, [278].
• Gem, showing Apoxyomenos of Polykleitos, [136];
  • showing Diskobolos, [187];
  • showing Perseus and Gorgon’s head, [83];
  • showing poses of Olympic victor statues, [214].
• Genzano, bust of Herakles from, [169], [170].
• Geraistos, Euboea, [373].
• Gerhard, E., on vases showing four-horse chariots, [263].
• Germanicus, statue so-called, [85].
• Germanicus Caesar, victor in chariot race at Olympia, [257], [261], [357], [358], [359].
• Germans, excavations of Olympia by, [43].
• Gestures, “transitory” and “stationary,” [83].
• Geta, coin of, [306].
• Girl runner, statue in Vatican, [49], [50];
  • statuette from Dodona, [28].
• Gladiatorial shows, borrowed from Etruria by Romans, [11].
• Glaukias, sculptor, [32], [122], [125], [176], [243], [244], [264], [266], [278].
• Glaukon, chariot-group at Olympia, [23], [265], [347].
• Glaukos, statue at Olympia, [32], [122], [125], [176], [243].
• Glykon, sculptor, [252], [253].
• Gods, statues of, dedicated to other gods and goddesses, [335];
  • worship of, supersedes that of heroes, [14].
• Goldsmiths, in Crete, [4].
• Gorgias, honor statue at Olympia, [42], [351].
• Gorgon, on Pindar’s VIIth Olympic ode, [365].
• Gorgos, statue at Olympia, [55], [59].
• Gouging, prohibited in pankration, [246];
  • shown on r.-f. kylix, [246].
• Graef, B., on Antenor’s female statue from Akropolis [174];
  • on copies of original of Lansdowne Herakles, [313];
  • Skopaic group of, [315].
• Grain, as prize at the Eleusinia, [20].
• Grained-hair technique, [53].
• Granianos; see Kranaos.
• Grave-relief, fragment from Dipylon, [127].
• Great Altar; see Zeus, Great Altar of. Greaves, early attribute of hoplitodromoi, [161];
  • later discarded, [203].
• Greece, dependent on outside peoples in early art, [329];
  • debt to Orient, [330];
  • Roman conquest of, [261].
• Greek anthologies, see Anthologies, Greek. Greek and Egyptian statues compared, [332].
• “Grinning” group, of so-called “Apollo” statues, [100].
• Guillaume, E., on measurements of Doryphoros, [70].
• Gurlitt, W., on Pausanias’ routes in Altis, [340].
• Gymnasia, absent in Homer, [7];
  • statues of athletes in, [297];
  • statues of athletic gods in, [75], [94].
• Gymnasiarch, Hermes as, [78].
• Gymnasion, Great, at Olympia, [297], [299], [356].
• Gymnasium, scene from, on r.-f. kylix, [164].
• Gythion, statue of Herakles, at, [319].
• Habich, G., on Standing Diskobolos, [78].
• Hadrian, revives Nemean games at Argos, [17];
  • villa of, at Tivoli, [80], [174].
• Hagelaïdas. sculptor, [36];
  • canon of, [68], [148], [159];
  • chariot-group of Kleosthenes, at Olympia, by, [266];
  • date of, [61], [321];
  • teacher of Myron and Polykleitos, [61], [110];
  • teacher of Pheidias, [110];
  • called Gelados by scholiast on Aristophanes’ Ranae, [110].
• Hair-fashion, athletic, [50f].;
  • Bulle on hair, [53];
  • ephebes dedicate hair to a god, [51];
  • grained style, [53];
  • on Hellenistic heads, [296].
  • Long, at Athens, after Persian Wars, [51];
  • long, on athletes, before Persian Wars, [335];
  • braided, by boxers and pancratiasts, [51];
  • discarded in wrestling, [51];
  • in Homer, [50], [51];
  • on monuments, [52];
  • on old Attic vases, [52];
  • as sign of effeminacy, [51];
  • at Sparta, [51];
  • at Thermopylæ, [51];
  • worn by knights, [51];
  • long and short, on god statues, [52];
  • pearl-string style of, [53];
  • pictorial treatment of, [53].
  • Short hair, on “Apollo” statues, [335];
  • short, on athletes, after Persian Wars, [51], [335];
  • on children, at Sparta, [51];
  • on early vases, [52];
  • on monuments, [52];
  • not characteristic of athletes, [50], [51];
  • as sign of mourning, at Athens, [51];
  • of slaves, [51];
  • sketchy treatment, on Hermes of Praxiteles, [303];
  • snail-volute style of, [53].
  • See Krobylos.
• Halikarnassos, funeral games at, [11];
  • chariot-group from Mausoleion at, [244].
• Halimous, grave-relief from Attic deme of, [249].
• Halteres; see Jumping-weights. Hamilton, Gavin, [76].
• Harmodios, statue of, [148], [173f].
  • See also Aristogeiton and Tyrannicides.
• Hartwig. P., on bronze statuette from Capua, [207].
• Hauser, F., on Autun statuette of pancratiast, [249]–251;
  • on armor worn in hoplite-race, [203];
  • on bronze athlete statue from Ephesos, [138];
  • on bronze wrestlers from Herculaneum, [231];
  • on Delian Diadoumenos, [92];
  • on Tux bronze, [207].
• Head-dress, artificial, on charioteers, [275], [276].
• “Healer,” epithet of the Delian Apollo, [304].
• Heave, in wrestling, [229];
  • bronze wrestler-group in Paris, showing, [232];
  • on metope of Theseion, [232];
  • on r.-f. kylix, [230].
• Hegestratos, statue at Athens, [27].
• Hegias, sculptor, [110], [126], [175], [279];
  • compared with Kallon, [122];
  • criticism of, by Lucian, [60].
• Hekatompedon, the, on Akropolis, [128].
• Hektor, [7].
• Helbig, W., on Barracco athlete statue, [157], [159];
  • on Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo, [90];
  • on Doryphoros of Polykleitos, [226];
  • on funerary relief, from Dipylon, [156];
  • on Greek knights, [282];
  • on head of Standing Diskobolos, [77], [78];
  • on Spinario, [201];
  • on Vatican statuette, [212].
• Helikon, Mount, statues of poets and musicians on, [284];
  • tripod on, dedicated by Hesiod, [21], [22].
• Heliodoros, description of wrestling-match by, [252].
• Hellanikos, statue at Olympia, [240], [342], [343].
• Hellanodikai, the, at Olympia, [27] and n. [20], [29], [45], [227], [259].
• Hellenistic Prince, statue of a, [73];
  • assimilated to type of Alexander, [73].
• Helmets, on Boxer Vase from Crete, [7];
  • as early attributes of hoplite runners, [161];
  • of hoplite runners, [48].
• Hemerodromoi, institution of, [190].
• Hephaistion, funeral games in honor of, [11].
• Hera, temple of Lakinian, near Kroton, [363];
  • worship of, at Olympia, earlier than that of Zeus, [16].
  • See Heraion.
• Heraia, the, games at Argos, [20];
  • games at Olympia, [49];
  • girls at, divided into three classes, [189];
  • reliefs vowed by girl runners at, [29];
  • running race for girls at, [191].
• Heraion, the, at Olympia, [16], [259], [299], [341], [342], [343], [349], [352], [353], [358];
  • monuments inside of, [325].
• Herakleia, the, at Marathon, [18], [20];
  • at Thebes and elsewhere, [19], [27].
• Herakleides Ponticus, on the krobylos hair-fashion, [52].
• Herakleion, the, at Sparta, [319].
• Herakles, as boxer, [169], [235];
  • of Crete, [10];
  • destroys statue of self at Elis, [178];
  • as father of athlete Theagenes, [35];
  • first to win pankration and wrestling on same day, [252];
  • as founder of Olympic games, [10], [93];
  • Herakles and Hermes, as protectors of contests, [75];
  • as inventor of pankration, [247];
  • at Marathon, [18];
  • in Odyssey, [8];
  • plants olive at Olympia, [20];
  • son of Zeus and Alkmena, [10];
  • in Sophokles’ Trachiniae, [318];
  • tripods in honor of, [19], [22];
  • as wrestler, [13], [93], [228].
• Herakles, heads of: beardless, in British Museum, [96];
  • of boy athlete from Sparta so interpreted, [305];
  • boyish, in British Museum, [319];
  • bust from Genzano, [95];
  • bust from Herculaneum, [170];
  • colossal filleted, in Vatican, [95];
  • from Tegea pediment, [306]–311;
  • marble, in Munich, [170];
  • Philandridas head so interpreted, [297];
  • showing swollen ears, [169];
  • with rolled fillets, [96].
  • Statues of: Alexikakos, by Hagelaïdas, [110];
    • colossal, by Lysippos, [253];
    • colossal, by Onatas, [122];
    • in group with Telephos, in Vatican, [70], [95];
    • in gymnasia and palæstræ, [94], [297];
    • kneeling, from East gable from Aegina, [195];
    • as knee-runner, bronze in Metropolitan Museum, [195];
    • Kyniskos, converted into type of, [74];
    • in Lakonia, [319];
    • in Palazzo Altemps, Rome, [243];
    • by Skopas, [306];
    • victor statues assimilated to, [354f].
• Heralds, contests of, when introduced at Olympia, [283];
  • statues of, at Olympia, [283].
• Herculaneum, bronze head from, in Naples, [63], [140].
• Hercules, guild of athletes of, in Rome, [371].
• Hermaia, the, games at Pheneus, [76].
• Hermann, G., on Perinthos head, [180].
• Hermas, base of statue of, at Olympia, [359].
• Hermes, altar of, ἐναγώνιος, at Olympia, [76];
  • beaten by Apollo in running at Olympia, [285];
  • founder of wrestling, [76];
  • god of youth and sports, [75];
  • gymnasion of, at Athens, [76];
  • one of athletic gods, [75];
  • “presider over contests,” [36];
  • head, in Boston, [85];
  • bearded herma, by Alkamenes, [77];
  • bearded type, [335];
  • compared with Philandridas head, [293], [294];
  • hair-treatment of, [303];
  • on relief fragment from Athens, [270].
  • Statues: from Andros, [71f].;
    • in gymnasia and palæstræ, [94];
    • in Lansdowne House, [88], [241];
    • Logios or Agoraios, [80], [82], [84], [131];
    • Ludovisi, [84];
    • by Onatas, at Olympia, [122];
    • by Praxiteles, at Olympia, [72], [144];
    • victor statues assimilated to type of, [181], [354];
    • statuette of, in Boston, [108];
    • bronze, in British Museum, [88].
• Hermes-Diskobolos, statue by Naukydes, [78].
• Hermes Kriophoros, festival at Tanagra, [57].
• Hermesianax, statue at Olympia, [30].
• Hermione, stadion at, [96].
• Hermitage, copy of head of boy athlete in, [157].
• Hermogenes, victor at Olympia, [354].
• Hermokrates, statue at Athens, [27].
• Hermolykos, statue on Akropolis, [27], [372], [373].
• Herodoros, trumpeter at Olympia, [283].
• Herodotos, historian, on Hermolykos, pancratiast, [373];
  • style of, imitated by Pausanias, [61].
• Herodotos, of Klazomenai, statue at Olympia, [30].
• Herodotos, of Thebes, as his own charioteer, [266], [267].
• Heroes, nine Greek, on curved base at Olympia, [122].
• Heroizing, custom of, in sculpture, [71].
• Herophilos, physician at Alexandria, [290].
• Hertz, Miss, copy of head of Nike by Paionios in collection of, Rome, [304].
• Hesiod, wins tripod at Chalkis, [19];
  • dedicates tripod to muses on Helikon, [21], [22];
  • victor statue of, on Helikon, [284].
• Hetoimokles, statue at Sparta, [106], [333], [337], [362].
• Hiero, chariot-group at Olympia, [23], [122], [257], [264], [267], [278], [279];
  • Pythian victory of, [278];
  • tyrant of Syracuse, [362].
• Hierothesion, the, at Messene, [19].
• Hill, G. F., on Apoxyomenos and Lysippos, [288], [289].
• Hipparchos, tyrant of Athens, [173].
• Hippodameia, [14], [259].
• Hippodrome races, at Olympia, non-athletic, [257];
  • programme of, [259f].;
  • horses and colts distinguished in, [259].
  • See Chariot-race and Horse-race.
• Hippodromes, common in Greece, [257f].;
  • at Constantinople, [253];
  • at Olympia, [258].
• Hippokleides, [5].
• Hippos, statue at Olympia, [120].
• Hipposthenes, victor, temple dedicated to, at Sparta, [362].
• Hirschfeld, G., on locations of victor statues in Altis, [340];
  • on omission of Olympiad [211] from Elean register, [369].
• Hirt, A., on Pliny’s “iconic” (iconicus = εἰκονικός) statues, [54];
  • on Tux bronze, [207].
• Historia Naturalis, of Pliny, [60], [321], and passim. Hitzig-Bluemner, on exclusive use of bronze in Olympic victor statues, [321];
  • on statue of Milo, at Olympia, [107].
• Holleaux, M., on “Apollo” torso from Mount Ptoion, [119], [120].
• Home-coming of Olympic victors, [34], [35].
• Homer, athletics in, [7f].;
  • does not mention Olympia, [16];
  • κελετίζειν in, [3], [261];
  • makes men and gods shriek, [57];
  • on painful character of boxing, [234];
  • warrior in, [8].
• Homolle, Th., on appellation “Apollo,” [336];
  • on artistic influences in the Agias, [291], [301];
  • assigns the Agias to Lysippos, [292], [311];
  • on expression of face of the Agias, [317];
  • on group of Daochos at Delphi, [286];
  • on resemblance between Philandridas head and that of the Agias, [294];
  • on small heads outside school of Lysippos, [294];
  • on differentiating statues of Herakles and victors, [94];
  • on swollen ears of athlete statues, [168].
• Honor statues, at Olympia, [41], [42], [339f]. Honors, extraordinary, paid to victors, [32f]., [71].
• Hoplite-race (ὁπλίτης), [190f].;
  • belongs to mixed athletics, [203];
  • called ἀσπίς, [190], [204];
  • date of introduction at Olympia, [191];
  • as diaulos at Olympia and Athens, [203];
  • finish of, on a r.-f. kylix, [204];
  • in full armor at the Eleutheria, at Platæa, [203];
  • last in gymnic contests at Olympia and elsewhere, [203];
  • most complete representation of, on a r.-f. kylix in Berlin, [204];
  • preparations for, on a r.-f. kylix by Euphronios, [204];
  • racers in, turning central post, on r.-f. kylix in Berlin, [204];
  • round shields and Attic helmets used in, [204];
  • semi-comic character of, on vases, [205];
  • start of, on a r.-f. kylix in Berlin, [204];
  • weapons used in, [203].
• Hoplitodromoi, attributes of, [161] f.;
  • so-called dying hoplite runner on grave-relief from Athens, [149], [209];
  • statues of, in motion, [203f].;
  • two heads from statues of, [46], [162f]., [324];
  • paintings of, by Parrhasios, [206];
  • Tux bronze of, [206f].
• Horarios, inscribed votive relief of, [75].
• Horfuabra, statue from Dahshur, Egypt, [330].
• Horse, crowned by Nike, on votive relief from Athens, [269];
  • imported into Crete from Libya, [1];
  • models of miniature horses at Olympia, [23].
• Horse-race (ἵππος κέλης): common in Greece, [257f].;
  • horses and colts distinguished in, [259];
  • length of course at Olympia, [261];
  • monuments, illustrating, [280f].;
  • sport of the rich, [257];
  • when introduced at Olympia, [260];
  • race known as the apobates, at Olympia, [282f].
• Horse-racers: bronze statuette of, from Dodona, [281];
  • bronze statuette of, in Loeb collection, [282];
  • bronze statuette of, from Volubilis, Morocco, [281];
  • dedications of, at Olympia, [23], [278f].;
  • on funerary relief, from Sicily, [281];
  • on galloping horse, on terra-cotta relief from Thera, [281];
  • mounted, on Athens relief, [281];
  • nude, on vases, [281];
  • small figures of, from Olympia, [24];
  • statue of, in Florence, [281];
  • two fragments of statues of, from Akropolis, [281];
  • victorious racer leading-horse, on Athenian relief, [281].
• Human sacrifice, as origin of funerary games, [14].
• Hunter, honor statue at Olympia, [42].
• Hyblæans, the Zeus of the, at Olympia, [344].
• Hydriæ, from Caere (Cerveteri), [52];
  • bronze, as prize at the Panathenaia, [20].
• Hylas, identified with statue of youth from Subiaco, [196].
• Hyperboreans, home of wild olive among, [20].
• Hysmon, statue at Olympia, [120], [164].
• Iapygians, King of the, [125].
• Iconic and aniconic statues, [54f]. Ida, Mount, grotto of Zeus in, [235].
• Idealism, in Greek art, [56], [71];
  • idealism and realism, [57].
• Identification of athlete statues in Roman copies, [44].
• Idolino, the, statue in Florence, [131], [139], [141f].;
  • as highest ideal of boyish beauty, [141];
  • interpretation of, [142f].
• Ikkos, slain by Kleomedes, [35];
  • as teacher of gymnastics, [59].
• Ildefonso group, in Madrid, [158].
• Iliad, games of Patroklos in, [9].
• Ilissos, river in Attica, [20];
  • relief from, [312].
• Impressionism, in hair technique, by Greek artists, [53];
  • by Lysippos, [69].
• Ince Blundell head of athlete, [167], note [4], [168], [180], [181].
• Indians, the, of North America, funeral games among, [12].
• Information, sources of, in reconstruction of Olympic victor statues, [43].
• Inscriptions, earliest, using pankration for dates, [191];
  • on pillars, in honor of victors, [34];
  • on victor statue bases at Olympia, [43].
• Iolaos, hurls stone diskos, [218].
• Ionia, passes Egyptian influence to Greek sculptors, [332];
  • school of sculpture from, [114];
  • women of, witness games, [49].
• Ionians, short hair with, [52].
• Ionism, in Greek art, [115f]., [126], [129], [175];
  • reaction against, [116], [126].
• Iphitos, restores Olympic games, [15].
• Ismenian Apollo, the, statue in Thebes, [304].
• Ismenion, the, at Thebes, tripods in, [19].
• Isokrates, statue on Akropolis, [24], [27], [281], [373].
• Isthmian festival, athletes divided into three classes according to age at, [189];
  • beast contests at, [25];
  • excavations on site of, [25];
  • famed in Roman days, [25];
  • funerary origin of, [9];
  • history and administration of, [17];
  • inferior to Olympia, [25];
  • later in honor of a god, [9];
  • in honor of Melikertes, [10];
  • most frequented, [25];
  • statue of victor at, in Athens, [27];
  • statues of victors at, on Isthmus, [26].
• Italian Archæological Mission, [3].
• Italy, funeral games, in ancient, [11].
• Jahn, O., on symmetry, [66];
  • on the Wounded Amazon of Capitoline, [157].
• Jason, statue so-called, of Louvre, [86].
• Javelin (ἀκόντιον), [164], [165];
  • as athletic attribute, [108], [164];
  • Greek names for, [223];
  • size of, [223];
  • on vase-paintings, [164], [223].
• Javelin-throwers (ἀκοντισταί), [222f].;
  • two bronze statuettes of, [227], [228];
  • on Spartan relief, [223].
• Javelin-throwing, [222f].;
  • athletic type of, [223];
  • for distance, [223];
  • from horseback, on vase-paintings, [223];
  • at games of Patroklos, [222];
  • origin of, mythical, [222];
  • positions in, [223f].;
  • positions, given by E. N. Gardiner, [223];
  • practical, in war and the chase, [223];
  • in sculpture, [224];
  • two types of, [222], [223].
• Jockey, nude, on vase-paintings, [280];
  • in short-sleeved chiton, on b.-f. Panathenaic vase, [280].
• Jones, H. Stuart, on Pliny’s Perseus et pristae of Myron, [188].
• Joubin, A., on Delphi Charioteer, [278];
  • on Olympia gable sculptures, [114].
• Juba II, King of Numidia, [166].
• Juethner, J., on Greek origin of javelin-throwing, [222];
  • on shapes of jumping-weights, [214f].;
  • on Standing Diskobolos, [220];
  • on statue of boxer from Sorrento, [243].
• Jumping, [214f].;
  • adapted to painter and not to sculptor, [217];
  • ancient records in, [216];
  • modern records in, with and without weights, [216];
  • modern record in, front spring-board, [216];
  • most difficult feature of pentathlon, [216];
  • most representative feature of pentathlon, [214];
  • in Odyssey, [9], [214];
  • as part of pentathlon, [214];
  • popularity of, [216];
  • spring-board not used in Greece in, [216];
  • various moments in, depicted on vases, [216], [217];
  • with weights, [216], [217].
• Jumping-weights (ἁλτῆρες), [214f].;
  • as attribute of pentathletes, [164];
  • on bronze statue in Berlin, [164];
  • dedications of, [22];
  • forms of, [214f].;
  • club-like form, [215];
  • semispherical, [215];
  • forms of, divided by Philostratos, [215];
  • shown on vases, [215];
  • on mosaic in Lateran, [215];
  • not in Homer, [214];
  • on r.-f. kylix in Munich, [164];
  • on relief from Sparta, [164];
  • on Roman copies of Greek athlete statues, [215];
  • on statue of Hysmon, at Olympia, [164];
  • on statues in Dresden and Florence, [215];
  • stone, from Corinth and Olympia, [215];
  • on tree-trunk beside statue, [164];
  • use of, according to Aristotle and Philostratos, [216];
  • use of, in medical gymnastics, [21];
  • use of, according to vase-paintings, [216].
• Justin, on chariot-groups at Delphi, [26].
• Ka-aper, wood statue of, in Cairo, [330];
  • statue of “wife” of, so-called, in Cairo, [330].
• Kabbadias, P., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [81].
• Kabeirion, statuette from, [28].
• Kalamis, sculptor, [36], [324];
  • Kalamis and Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo type, [89];
  • characterized, [90], [279];
  • chariot-groups by, [23];
  • criticism of, by Cicero, [60];
  • horse-groups by, [24], [279];
  • horses by, characterized by Pliny, [62];
  • jockeys on horseback by, [23];
  • Kalamis and nude charioteer from Esquiline, [276];
  • Kalamis and Onatas, [219], [264], [267], [268];
  • Kalamis and Praxiteles, [268];
  • as predecessor of Pheidias, [279];
  • statues at Olympia by, set up by the Akragantines, [130];
  • Kalamis as unrivalled sculptor of horses, [279].
• Kalkmann, A., on Herakles Alexikakos of Hagelaïdas, [110];
  • on kneeling figures from West gable of temple on Aegina, [195];
  • on proportions of face in Greek sculpture, [67].
• Kallias, statue at Athens, [27], [182], [183], [365];
  • statue at Olympia, [45], [129], [251], [352], [365].
• Kallikles, sculptor, [365].
• Kallikrates, dates of victories of, at Olympia, [301];
  • statue at Olympia, [121], [298].
• Kallimachos, on statues of Euthymos being struck by lightning, [364].
• Kallippos, bribes opponents and is fined, [34].
• Kallistratos, characterizes Skopas, [309].
• Kalliteles, statue at Olympia, [265], [347].
• Kallon, sculptor, [122], [125].
• Kallon, victor, statue at Olympia, [121].
• Kalydonian boar hunt, represented in Tegea pediment group, [307].
• Kanachos, the Elder, sculptor, [24], [118], [120], [279], [324], [336];
  • celetizontes pueri, by, [120];
  • compared with Kallon, [122];
  • criticism of, by Cicero, [60].
• Kanachos, the Younger, sculptor, [120].
• Kantharos, sculptor, [122].
• Kaphisias, sculptor, [368], [375].
• Kapros, boxing-match with Kleitomachos, [247];
  • bronze foot from statue of, [255], [346];
  • first to win pankration and wrestling at Olympia on same day, [252];
  • Kapros and bronze boxer head from Olympia, [254];
  • two statues at Olympia, [29], [342], [354].
• Karrhotos, charioteer, [267].
• Kasia Mnasithea, statue base at Olympia, [360].
• Kassel, statue of Apollo in, [360];
  • statue of boxer in, [46], [155];
  • head of Diadoumenos of Polykleitos in, [153], [154].
• Kastor, victor in foot-race at Olympia, [96];
  • as horse-racer, [96];
  • hurls stone diskos, [218].
• Kebriones, [5].
• Kekulé, on the Idolino, [141], [142];
  • on Olympia gable sculptures, [114];
  • on the Spinario, [201];
  • on the Standing Diskobolos, [76].
• Kephisodotos, sculptor, [252].
• Kerameikos, Athens, [11].
• Keramopoullos, A. D., on the Delphi Charioteer, [278].
• Kerykeion, symbol of Hermes, [71], [72], [78], [82], [88], etc. Kettle, prize at early games, [20].
• Kicking, allowed in pankration, [246], [247].
• Kietz, on the Standing Diskobolos, [78].
• Kimon, son of Miltiades, [18].
• Kimon, son of Stesagoras, bronze mares of, at Athens, [27], [363].
• Kirchhoff, A., on statue of Hermolykos on Akropolis, [373].
• Kirghiz, the, of India, funeral games among, [12].
• Kittos, boxing and wrestling scenes on Panathenaic amphora of, [248].
• Kitylos and Dermys, grave-figures of, from Tanagra, [335].
• Kladeos, the, river at Olympia, [299], [342], [357], [358].
• Klazomenai, paintings from, [52];
  • reliefs from, [264], [268].
• Klein, W., on the Boston Charioteer (?), [275];
  • on the Idolino, [141];
  • on the Jason of Louvre, [86];
  • on the Oil-pourer of Munich, [134].
• Kleito; see Polykleitos. Kleitomachos, statue at Olympia, [353];
  • identified wrongly with the Seated Boxer of Museo delle Terme, Rome, [253];
  • story of, from Polybios, [147], [247].
• Kleitor, son of Azan, [9].
• Kleitor, relief from, [132].
• Kleobis (?), statue of, from Delphi, [105].
• Kleoitas, sculptor, [27].
• Kleomedes, heroized at death, [35].
• Kleomenes, sculptor, [85].
• Kleon, sculptor, [69], [120], [121], [164];
  • leg position of statues by, [159].
• Kleonai, [17].
• Kleosthenes, King of Pisa, [15].
• Kleosthenes, of Epidamnos, chariot-group of, at Olympia, [23], [266], [344], [345].
• Knee-runners, on bronze tripod reliefs, [194];
  • on small bronze relief in Metropolitan Museum, [194];
  • on marble relief of dying hoplite runner, [194];
  • on small bronzes, [195];
  • on vases, [194];
  • statue of kneeling youth from Subiaco, [195].
• Knights, Helbig on Greek, [282];
  • Homeric method of, fighting from chariot, [272], [282];
  • on Parthenon frieze, [281].
• Knossos, bull-grappling at, [1], [2];
  • ivory statuettes from, [3];
  • paved inclosure at, [3];
  • reliefs from, [3], [4];
  • seal from, showing huge horse, [1];
  • theatral area at, [3];
  • toreadors on wall-paintings from, [1], [3].
• Koblanos, sculptor, [242].
• Kodias (Κῳδίας), jumping-weight of, [40].
• Koehler, U., on the Apoxyomenos of Vatican, [290].
• Koerte, on name “Apollo” for early statues, [335].
• Korai, statues of, on Akropolis, [53], [115].
• Koroibos, victor in first recorded Olympiad, [15], [191].
• Kostobokoi, barbarian invaders of Greece, [370], [371].
• Kouroniotis, K., letter of, quoted [327].
• Kranaos, or Granianos, statue near Sikyon, [370].
• Krates, victor as herald at Olympia, [283].
• Kratinos, statue at Olympia, [122];
  • set up by trainer of, [31].
• Kratisthenes, chariot-group of, at Olympia, [179], [268].
• Kresilas, sculptor, [36], [93];
  • the Alkibiades of Vatican ascribed to, by Furtwaengler, [199];
  • Doryphoros by, [145];
  • portrait of Perikles by, [56];
  • statue of the Wounded Amazon by, [157].
• Kresilæan athlete head, five copies of, [144], [145].
• Kreugas, crowned after death, [247];
  • killed in boxing match, [236], [247];
  • statue at Argos, [236], [237].
• Krison, statue ascribed to, by Furtwaengler, [200].
• Kritios, sculptor, [115], [126], [173], [174];
  • criticism of, by Lucian, [60];
  • Kritios and Tux bronze [207].
• Kritodamos, statue at Olympia, [120], [344], [352].
• Krobylos, old Attic hair-fashion, [51], [52], [89], [128], [135], [270].
• Krokon, dedicates small bronze horse at Olympia, [23], [279].
• Kronos, altar of, at Olympia, [16];
  • wrestling match of, with Zeus, [14].
• Krotonians, famed as pentathletes, [60].
• Ktesibios, philosopher, on ball-playing, [84].
• Kylon, conspiracy of, in Athens, [362];
  • statue on Akropolis, [106], [333], [337], [362].
• Kylon, of Elis, honor statue at Olympia, [42].
• Kyniska, bronze horses of, at Olympia, [265], [267];
  • chariot-group of, at Olympia, [23], [131], [267], [299], [342], [367];
  • first woman to enter and win chariot-race at Olympia, [267], [367];
  • shrine in honor of, at Sparta, [367].
• Kyniskos, statue at Olympia, [74], [117], [239];
  • copies of (?), [156f]., [159];
  • foot position on base of statue of, [239];
  • date of victory, [160].
• Kynosarges, Attic amphora from Gymnasion of, [13].
• Kypselos, chest of, at Olympia, [12], [13].
• Kypselos, King of Arkadia, [57].
• Kyrene, the Dionysia at, [50];
  • head from, [89];
  • personified as charioteer in Delphi group, [277], [278];
  • statue found in baths of, [141].
• Kyrnos, battle of, [373].
• Ladas, of Sparta, fleetness of, [364];
  • grave of, [365];
  • stadion in honor of, [365];
  • statue in Argos, [364];
  • statue of, by Myron, [196f]., [364];
  • compared with that of girl runner of Vatican, [197];
  • epigrams on statue of, [196], [197];
  • pose of, [197];
  • story of death of, [196].
• Lakonia, statues of Herakles in, [319].
• Laloux and Monceaux, on Philandridas head, [294].
• Lamia, date of battle of, [301];
  • relief from, [132].
• Lampos, chariot-group at Olympia, [268].
• Lancellotti (or Massimi) Diskobolos, [184] and note 2. Lange, F. A., on Egyptian influence on early Greek culture, [332].
• Lange, J., on law of “frontality,” [175], [328];
  • on Olympia gable sculptures, [114].
• Lansdowne Herakles, statue, [81], [82];
  • ascribed to Myron, [181];
  • head of, compared with that of Philandridas, [298];
  • regarded as Lysippan, [298], [311];
  • regarded as Skopaic, [313].
• Laokoön, the, group, Pliny’s praise of, [61];
  • as realistic work, [289];
  • of Lessing, [54], [187].
• Las, statue of Herakles near, [319].
• Lasso, boy throwing, wrongly identified with statue of kneeling youth from Subiaco, [196].
• Lateran, athlete mosaic in, [215];
  • boxers on relief in, [238].
• Laurel, as prize at Delphi, [20], [21].
• Laurentum, now Castel Porziano, [184].
• Leaf, W., on chariot-race in the Iliad, [8].
• Leaping-weights; see Jumping-weights. Lechat, on bronze statue found in sea off Antikythera, [84];
  • on evolution of Greek sculpture, [329];
  • on the housing of stone statues, [325].
• Leg, right lower, fragment of victor statue, [322];
  • leg holds in pankration, [247];
  • “free” and “rest” legs, as motives in sculpture, [109], [226].
• Lekythion, athletic attribute, [84].
• Lekythos, [137], [138].
• Lemnian Athena, the, statue in Dresden, [53].
• Lemniskos, [155], [156].
• Leon, statue of, [366].
• Leonidaion, the, (Suedwestbau), at Olympia, [339], [340], [346], [347], [348], [350], [353], [355], [356].
• Leonidas, at Thermopylæ, [51];
  • funeral games in honor of, [11].
• Leonidas, of Naxos, statue at Olympia, [346], [347].
• Leontiskos, painter, [29].
• Leontiskos, of Sicily, statue at Olympia, [62], [179], [183], [249].
• Lessing, characterization of Diadoumenos and Doryphoros by, [152];
  • on most fruitful moment to be chosen by artist, [178].
  • See Laokoön.
• Libation-pourer, statue of, [143], [144].
• Libation-pouring, [138f]. Libya, figure in Delphi group, [277];
  • oracle of, [31].
• Lichas, statue at Olympia, [31], [342];
  • scourged by umpires, [33], [149].
• Life, athlete, happy, [36].
• Lifelike statues, [59].
• Life-size statues at Olympia, [46].
• Ligourió, bronze statuette from, [105], [111], [114].
• Limping Man, the, statue at Syracuse, [182].
• Lindos, temple of Athena at, [345].
• Loeb collection, Munich, bronze group of wrestlers in, [232], [233];
  • bronze statuette in, [136];
  • bronze statuette of boy-rider in, [282];
  • three bronze tripods in, [194], [264].
• Loeschke, G. L., on appellation “Apollo” for early statues, [335];
  • on statue of Kylon on Akropolis, [362] and note 7.
• Loewy, E., on Delian Diadoumenos, [92];
  • on group of Kyniska, at Olympia, [267];
  • on style of statue of Pythokles, at Olympia, [213].
• Loin-cloth, of athletes, [47];
  • absence of, on Cretan frescoes, [47];
  • worn by Asiatics, [48];
  • in Homer, [47];
  • on early vases, [47], [48];
  • dropped first by Orsippos of Megara, [47];
  • Plato on, [48];
  • used by boxers and wrestlers, [48].
• Lokroi, Ozolian, colonization of the, [201].
• Lokros, ancestor of the Ozolian Lokroi, [201].
• Longpérier, H. A., on bronze statuette in Paris, [142].
• Long race (δόλιχος), at Olympia, [190];
  • boys admitted to, at Delphi, [190];
  • men admitted to, at Olympia, [190].
• Lucian, on apples as prizes at Delphi, [21], [107];
  • on art criticism, [60];
  • criticism of Hegias, Kritios, and Nesiotes, by, [175];
  • description of Diskobolos by, [186], [187];
  • ideal statue of, [60];
  • on life-size victor statues, [45], [227];
  • on prohibition against biting and gouging in pankration, [246];
  • on statue of Pelichos, [56];
  • on statue of Theagenes on Thasos, [364].
• Lucius Verus, coins of, [21].
• Luctator anhelans, painting of, by Naukeros, [233].
• Lykaia, the, statues at the games of, [26].
• Lykaios, Mount, in Arkadia, hippodrome on, [258].
• Lykidas, of Sparta, enters colts as full-grown horses at Olympia, [259].
• Lykinos, of Elis, statue at Olympia, [343].
• Lykinos, of Heraia, statue at Olympia, [121].
• Lykinos, of Sparta, two statues at Olympia, [24], [29], [265], [266].
• Lykios, sculptor, [134], [243].
• Lykomedes, bases of two statues at Olympia, [358].
• Lykourgos, of Sparta, [15], [51].
• Lykourgos, rhetorician, [27].
• Lyre-playing, at Delphi, [25].
• Lyres, in Parthenon, [23].
• Lysandros, statue at Olympia, [343].
• Lysippos, of Elis, victor statue of, by Andreas, [118], [354].
• Lysippos, sculptor, [36], [375];
  • as art reformer, [301];
  • borrows from other sculptors, [291];
  • canon of, [68], [69], [136], [288];
  • characteristics of, [311];
  • chariot-groups by, [23];
  • circle of, [131], [255];
  • as court sculptor of Alexander, [296], [318];
  • criticism of, by Pliny, [61];
  • date of, [300f].;
  • dates of Lysippos, Skopas, and Praxiteles, [301];
  • divergent style of, [253];
  • follows Doryphoros and nature, [301];
  • improvements in hair technique by, [53], [296];
  • influence of, on realism, [56];
  • influenced by Skopas, [291], [301];
  • inscription on base of statue in Pharsalos by, [287];
  • Lansdowne Herakles ascribed to, [313];
  • Lysippos and Skopas compared, [311f].;
  • Lysippos and type of weary Herakles, [253];
  • makes 1500 statues, [302];
  • Philandridas head at Olympia, by, [298];
  • portraiture after time of, [54];
  • poses of statues of, [44];
  • regarded exclusively as bronze founder, [302];
  • statue of Agias by, [286], [366];
  • statues of destringentes se, by, [136];
  • statues of, at Olympia, [121], [266];
  • surpasses earlier artists in symmetry, [66];
  • as worker in marble, [302f].
• Lysistratos, sculptor, first to make plaster moulds from face, [56], [255], [304]. Macedon, coins of, showing racing chariots, [262];
  • kings of, [73];
  • princes of, as horse-racers, [357].
• Mach, E. von, against oriental influence on Greek sculpture, [329];
  • on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [84];
  • on the Charioteer (?) in Boston, [275], [276];
  • on original of Farnese Herakles, [253].
• Madrid, copy of Diadoumenos in, [153];
  • Ildefonso group in, [153].
• Mæcenas, and victor privileges in Rome, [33].
• Magna Græcia, cities of, honor victors, [35];
  • fond of hippodrome contests, [258].
• Magnesia ad Sipylum, victor statue base from, [370].
• Mahler, A., on copies of Doryphoros, [224];
  • on identifying statue of Ladas, [197];
  • on the Idolino, [141];
  • on resemblance between head of the Agias and Philandridas, [294].
• Maiden, figure of, in chariot-groups, [268].
• Maltho, gymnasium in Elis, [370].
• Manetho, Egyptian dynasties of, [330].
• Mantua, statue of Apollo in, [111].
• Marathon, battle of, [18], [209];
  • Herakleia, the, at, [18].
• Marble, less expensive than bronze, [28];
  • some victor statues made of, at Olympia, [324].
• Markianopolis, coin of, [87].
• Markios, Gnaios, base of statue at Olympia, [359].
• Marsyas, the, statue by Myron, [134], [183], [184].
• Masks, dedication of, [22].
• Massimi Diskobolos; see Lancellotti Diskobolos. Materials of Olympic victor statues, [321f]. Matz and von Duhn, on so-called Diomedes, in Palazzo Valentini, Rome, [207].
• Mau, A., on the Praying Boy of Berlin, [132].
• Mausoleion, Halikarnassos, chariot frieze from, [271], [289];
  • chariot-group from, [264];
  • small chariot frieze from, [274], [275].
• Mausolos, games in honor of, [11].
• Maviglia, Ada, on Diadoumenos of Delos, [93];
  • rejects the Apoxyomenos and the Agias as evidence of style of Lysippos, [290].
• Mayer, M., on athlete (?) statue from Olympieion, [143];
  • on Myron’s pristae, [188].
• Medes, the, [11].
• Mediterranean culture, [1];
  • gymnastic exercises in, [6];
  • origin of Greek athletics in, [7].
• Megakles, victor at Olympia, [363].
• Megara, colossal torso of “Apollo” from, [336].
• Megara Hyblaia, Sicily, necropolis in, [337];
  • statue of Zeus of, at Olympia, [344].
• Meleager, head of, on Praxitelian trunk in Medici Gardens, Rome, [313];
  • statue of, in Fogg Museum, Boston, [314];
  • statue of, in Vatican, [312];
  • statue of Kyniskos converted into, [74].
• Melikertes, [10].
• Melite, deme of, [110].
• Melos, “Apollo” from, [100], [101], [103], [104].
• Memorials, miscellaneous, of victors, [40], [41].
• Memphis, motion statuettes from, [177];
  • art of, [330].
• Mende, offering of people of, at Olympia, [164], [341].
• Mendel, M., excavations of, at Tegea, [306];
  • on head of Herakles, from Tegea, [306], [307].
• Menedemos, bases of two statues at Olympia, [358].
• Menelaos, sculptor, [113].
• Mengs, Raphael, painter, cast from collection of, showing swollen ears, [169];
  • on proportions, [68].
• Messana, coins of, showing mule-car, [263].
• Messene, coins of, [111];
  • hierothesion at, [19].
• Messenians, of Naupaktos, [110].
• Metageitnion, month of, [18].
• Metellus Macedonicus, base of statue at Olympia, [348].
• Metrobios, T. Phlabios (Flavius), base of statue at Iasos, [369].
• Metrodoros, Aurelios, base of statue at Kyzikos, [371].
• Michaelis, A., on apobates chariot-race on Parthenon frieze, [272];
  • on base of statue of Epicharinos, on Akropolis, [372];
  • on use of ἐν δεξιᾷ and ἐν ἀριστερᾷ by Pausanias, [349];
  • on Lansdowne Herakles, [298], [313];
  • on Petworth ephebe statue, [133];
  • on the Standing Diskobolos, [76];
  • Michaelis, A., and Conze, A., on “Apollo” type as victor statues, [335].
• Middle Kingdom, Egypt, dates of, [330] and note [6];
  • sculptures of, [330].
• Mikon, of Athens, sculptor, [61], [62], [129].
• Mikon, of Syracuse, sculptor, [375].
• Mikythos, or Smikythos, group dedicated at Olympia by, [215], [351].
• Milchhoefer, A., on painting by Eupompos, [160].
• Miletos, coins of, [74], [118], [119], [336].
• Military runner (δρομοκῆρυξ), [209].
• Milo, statue at Olympia, [31], [106f]., [130], [165], [337].
• Miltiades, games in honor of, on Thracian Chersonesos, [11].
• Miltiades, son of Kypselos, votive offering at Olympia, [264], [265].
• Minoans, the, of Crete, [1];
  • influenced by Orient, [1];
  • love of sports among, [6].
  • See Crete.
• Mnaseas, statue at Olympia, [161], [179], [181].
• Mnesiboulos, statue in Elateia, [204], [371].
• Monceaux; see Laloux and Monceaux. Mopsos, boxing match with Admetos, [285].
• Mosaic, athlete, in Lateran, Rome, [215].
• Mosso, A., on Boxer Vase, [6];
  • on origin of Greek boxing-glove, [235];
  • on Vapheio cups, [4].
• Motion statues, antiquity of, in Greece, [176f].;
  • in Assyro-Babylonian art, [177];
  • in Cretan art, [177];
  • in Egyptian art, [176], [177];
  • in Greece, not developed out of “Apollo” statue type, [177];
  • on early vases, [177];
  • victor statues in, [173f].;
  • victor statues in various contests, [188f].
• Motives, general, of statues in motion, [188f].;
  • at rest, [130f].
• Mounot, Étienne, sculptor, [185].
• Mueller, K. O., on common features of victor statues, [44].
• Mule-car, on Rhegian and Messanian coins, [263].
• Mule-race (ἀπήνη); see Chariot-race with mules. Munich King, statue so-called, [226].
• Muscles, in Cretan art, [3], [4].
• Muses, group of, by Hagelaïdas, Arostokles and Kanachos, [118].
• Musical contests, dedications for, at Olympia and elsewhere, [283f].;
  • at Delphi, [25];
  • honor dedications for, at Olympia, [285];
  • monuments for, victor or votive in character, [284];
  • at Olympia, non-athletic, [283], [285], represented on imitation Panathenaic vases, [284];
  • on reliefs, [284];
  • victors in, at Delphi, [284];
  • victor statues for musicians, on Helikon, [284].
• Mussius, L., gravestone of, [72].
• Mycenæ, [1], [7];
  • lack of athletic scenes at, [8];
  • no Egyptian influence on art of, [332].
• Mykale, battle of, [373].
• Myrina, terra-cotta statuettes from, [135].
• Myron, sculptor, [183f]., [324], [353], [375];
  • αὐτάρκεια of, [183];
  • criticism of, by Cicero, [60];
  • by Pliny, [180], [184];
  • dated by Pliny, [61];
  • love of movement of, [183];
  • Myron and Hermes Ludovisi, [85];
  • Myron and Pythagoras, difficulty of separating works of, [181], [245];
  • Myron and Standing Diskobolos, [76];
  • Olympic victor statues by, [129], [187f]., [245], [333];
  • poses of victor statues by, [44];
  • pupil of Hagelaïdas, [110];
  • as realist, [188];
  • statue of Ladas by, [196f].;
  • surpasses Polykleitos in rhythm and symmetry, [66];
  • versatility of, [188];
  • victor statues at Delphi by, [26], [188].
• Myron, tyrant of Sikyon, dedicates bronze chapel at Olympia, [41].
• Mytilene, statue from, [92].
• Narkissos, [158].
• Narykidas, base of statue at Olympia, [342].
• Natalis, L. Minikios (Minicius), equestrian monument at Olympia, [37].
• Natural History, of Pliny; see Historia Naturalis. Naturalism, in Greek Art, [44].
• Naukratis, Egypt, [105], [329], [334].
• Naukydes, sculptor, [76], [117], [120];
  • leg position of statues by, [159];
  • Naukydes and Standing Diskobolos, [76f].;
  • Naukydes and canon of Polykleitos, [69];
  • statue of Cheimon by, characterized by Pausanias, [62].
• Naupaktos, [110].
• Nausikaa, [83].
• Naxos, “Apollo” from, [328], [334];
  • bronze statuette from, [74], [119];
  • statue of Nikandre from, [177].
• Nelson, Philip, head in collection of, [157].
• Nemea, athletes at, divided into three classes, by ages, [189];
  • athletic contests at, [25];
  • athletic interest of, secondary to that of Olympia, [25];
  • boy contests at, [25];
  • festival at, [1];
  • founded by Adrastos, [17];
  • held every two years, [17];
  • in honor of Opheltes or Archermoros, [10];
  • later in honor of a god, [9];
  • origin of, [9];
  • records of victors at, [21];
  • relief from, [132];
  • retired valley of, [25];
  • revived by Hadrian, [17];
  • statues of victors at, [26];
  • statues of victors at, in Athens, [27];
  • summarily treated by Pausanias, [24];
  • transferred to Argos, [17];
  • under Argive influence, [17];
  • the Nemea of Thebes, [27].
• Nemead, first dated, [17].
• Nemesis, statue by Agorakritos at Rhamnous, [182].
• Neolaïdas, statue at Olympia, [120].
• Nepos, on first date of representing athlete statues in motion, [173].
• Nero, coins of, [21];
  • uses force to win at the Isthmia, [34];
  • villa of, at Subiaco, [195];
  • wins chariot-races at Olympia, [257], [262], [369].
• Nesiotes, sculptor, criticism of, by Lucian, [60].
• Nestor, [8];
  • contests at Bouprasion, [9];
  • statue at Olympia, by Onatas, [122].
• Net, on Vapheio cup, [5].
• New Empire, Egypt, dates of, [331] and note [2];
  • sculptures of, [331].
• Nida-Haddernheim, terra-cotta statuette from, [202].
• Nikandre, statue of, [177].
• Nikandros, statue at Olympia, [121].
• Nikanor, fragment of base of statue at Olympia, [359].
• Nikarchos, base of statue at Olympia, [356].
• Nike, the, of Archermos, [177];
  • bronze figurine from Akropolis, [177];
  • as charioteer, [268];
  • on Ficoroni cista, [269];
  • on hand of statue of Olympian Zeus, at Olympia, [149];
  • on Nike balustrade from Akropolis, [86];
  • on relief in Madrid, [269];
  • on relief from Phaleron, [269];
  • on sarcophagus from Klazomenai, [268].
  • See also Paionios, the Nike of.
• Nikeratos, date of archonship of, [194].
• Nikeus, casts stone diskos, [218].
• Nikodamos, sculptor, [244].
• Nikokles, victor monument at Akriai, [372].
• Nikomachos, painter, [268];
  • Victoria quadrigam in sublime rapiens by, [268].
• Nineveh, reliefs from, [330].
• Niobid, identified with statue of youth from Subiaco, [195].
• Nordostgraben, the, at Olympia, [358].
• Nordwestgraben, the, at Olympia, [356].
• North Greek-Thracian school of sculpture, [114].
• Noses, bloody, on vase-paintings, [167].
• Novus Annus (?), nude statue found in Rhine identified as, [276].
• Nudity, characteristic of archaic statues, [335];
  • as essential difference between Greek and foreigner, [48];
  • not observed by charioteers, [48];
  • of victor statues, [47f].
• Nudus talo incessens, statue by Polykleitos, [158], [249], [250];
  • statuette from Autun showing the Polykleitan motive, [249], [250].
• Numismatic commentary on Pausanias, [306].
• Ny-Carlsberg Museum, Copenhagen, archaic head of youth in, [128];
  • two heads in, [180], [181]; etc.
• Nymphs, altar at Olympia, [351].
• Odysseus, [8].
• Oibotas, statue at Olympia, [30], [32], [333], [343], [351].
• Oil, used in wrestling, [165].
• Oil-flask, on r.-f. kylix in Munich, [164].
• Oil-pourer, bronze statuette of, from South Italy, [135];
  • statue so-called, in Munich, [99], [133f]., [137];
  • as Attic work, [137];
  • head in Boston, copy of original of, [134];
  • pose of, [158];
  • torso in Dresden as variant of, [134], [135].
• Oil-pouring, on gems, reliefs and terra-cotta statuettes, [135].
• Oil-scraping, as athletic motive, [135f]. Oinoanda, base of victor statue from, [371].
• Oinomaos, chariot-race with Pelops, [14], [259];
  • column at Olympia, [323], [350], [351].
• Olaidas, honor statue at Olympia, [42].
• Old Kingdom, Egypt, dates of, [330] and note [3];
  • sculptures of, [330].
• Olive, crown of, as prize at Olympia, [155f].;
  • of “Fair Crown,” at Olympia, [20], [351];
  • wild, [20].
• Olympia, account of monuments at, by Pausanias, [24];
  • age of boy victors at, [189];
  • antiquity of, from excavations and religious history, [16];
  • athletes at, divided into two classes, by ages, [189];
  • boxer head from, [62];
  • celebrated every four years, [15];
  • controlled by Eleans alone after Persian wars, [15];
  • early controlled by Pisa, [15];
  • early overshadowed by Delphi and Delos, [14], [15];
  • founded before Dorian invasion, [14];
  • funeral origin of, [9];
  • German excavations at, [43];
  • history of, [14];
  • held in honor of a god, [9];
  • held in honor of Pelops, [10];
  • importance of, from seventh century B. C., [15];
  • later controlled by Pisa and Elis, [15];
  • prehistoric buildings at, [16], [349];
  • sacrifices at, to Pelops and Zeus, [11];
  • as sanctuary prior to advent of Achæans, [14];
  • style of head of athlete (Philandridas) from, [293f].;
  • style of gable statues from, [113], [114];
  • traditional history of, by Pausanias and Strabo, [15];
  • two figures from West gable of temple of Zeus from, [195];
  • victor statues in Altis at, [26]; etc.
• Olympia register, [15].
• Olympiad, first dated, [15];
  • traditional first, [8];
  • the 8th, 34th, 104th, 211th, omitted from Elean register, [369].
• Olympieion, statue from ruins of, [143].
• Olympos, sculptor, [120].
• Omphalos, from Athens, [89].
• Onatas, sculptor, [122];
  • group of Opis at Delphi by, [125];
  • inscribed base from Akropolis, [24], [281];
  • Onatas and East gable statues from temple on Aegina, [125];
  • Onatas and Kalamis, [129], [264];
  • works of, at Olympia, [122], [267].
• Onomastos, games of, at Cumae, [20].
• Onomastos, of Smyrna, institutes boxing rules at Olympia, [235].
• Opheltes, [10].
• Opis, group of, at Delphi, by Onatas, [125].
• Opportunity (Καιρός), altar at Olympia, [76];
  • statue by Lysippos, [250].
• Orchomenos, “Apollo” from, [100], [101], [103], [328], [334];
  • ceiling of treasury of, [329].
• Orestes, as his own charioteer, [267].
• Oriental influence on early Greek art, [328f]. Originals of victor statues at Olympia, [62f]., [322].
• Orpheus and Telete, victor group on Helikon, [284].
• Orsippos, first athlete to drop the loin-cloth, [47].
• Osthalle, the, at Olympia, [358].
• Overbeck, J., on Farnese Herakles, [253];
  • on head of hoplitodromos from Olympia, [163];
  • on heads of Apollo, [275];
  • on Lysippos as exclusively a bronze founder, [302];
  • on Olympia sculptures, [114];
  • on Piombino statuette, [119];
  • Schriftquellen of, [61];
  • on Standing Diskobolos, [76].
• Oxylos, King of Dorian Eleans, [15].
• Oxyrhynchus Papyri, the, [31];
  • order of contestants at Olympia in, [189].
• Paianios, statue at Olympia, [234].
• Paidotribes, or trainer of athletes, [229], [236], [248].
• Paint, used on sculptures, [326].
• Painting, competition in, at Delphi, [25].
• Paintings, as victor monuments, [28].
• Paionios, sculptor, [113];
  • the Nike of, at Olympia, [326], [343], [344], [352], [360];
  • replica of, at Delphi, [304];
  • replica of head of, in Rome, [304].
• Palæstra, absent in Homer, [7];
  • palæstra gymnast, statuette of, [108];
  • origin of name, [228];
  • statues of athletes in, [297];
  • statues of athletic gods in, [75], [94].
• Palaistra, the, at Olympia, [347], [355], [356], [359], [360], etc.;
  • at Pompeii, [224].
• Palatine, the, at Rome, [50];
  • fragment of leg of statue from, [89].
• Palladion, carried off by Diomedes, [169].
• Palm, the, as common measure in proportions, [68].
• Palm-branch, on so-called Apollo-on-the-Omphalos and Apollo Choiseul-Gouffier, [161];
  • in hand of victorious jockey on coin of Philip II, [280];
  • on statue from Formiae, [161];
  • on statue of girl runner in Vatican, [161];
  • on stele from Dipylon, [161];
  • on unfinished statue of athlete in Athens, [160];
  • on vases, [161];
  • as victor attribute, [50], [160f].
• Palm-wreath, common to many games, [21], [160].
• Pammachos, statue at Thebes, [368].
• Pamphilos, grave-relief of, in Vienna, [97].
• Pan, Doryphoros converted into, [74].
• Panathenaia, the; see Panathenaic games. Panathenaic amphoræ, runners on, [106], [194];
  • four-horse chariot on, from Sparta, [263];
  • Dyneiketos, victor, on, [280]; etc.
• Panathenaic games, Great, Athens, acrobatic feats at, [20];
  • contest of beauty at, [57];
  • dedication of victor in chariot-race at, [129];
  • held every fourth year, [18];
  • hydria as prize at, [20];
  • jars of oil as prizes at, [20];
  • money as prizes at, [33];
  • origin of, [17];
  • paintings dedicated by victors at, [29];
  • remodeled by Solon, [17];
  • statue of boy victor at, in Athens, [27].[s/b ;]
  • Little, annual Athenian festival, [18].
• Pancratiasts, [246f].;
  • bronze statuette of, from Autun, [249];
  • cap of, [165f].;
  • ear of, as no criterion of athlete statues, [95];
  • group of, in Florence, [99], [233], [251f].;
  • head of, from Olympia, [254], [255];
  • in sculpture, [170], [248].
• Pan-hellenic fame of victors at four national games, [33].
• Panionia, the, festival at Mykale, [19]. Pankration(παγκράτιον), Artemidoros on, [247];
  • biting and gouging allowed at Sparta in, [246];
  • boys’ contest introduced at Olympia, [247];
  • boys’ contests outside Olympia, [247];
  • as combination of boxing and wrestling, [246];
  • contrasted with wrestling, [246];
  • as dangerous sport, [246];
  • eight Pindaric odes in honor of, [246];
  • etymology of word, [246];
  • “fairest” of contests, [246];
  • fight on ground, [248];
  • grips and throws shown on vases, [247];
  • introduced at Olympia, [247];
  • invented by Theseus or Herakles, [247];
  • not in Homer, [247];
  • not so brutal as popularly believed, [246];
  • often ended with preliminary sparring, [249];
  • often resulted in death, [247];
  • pankration and wrestling on same day, [93], [94];
  • popularity of, at Olympia, [247];
  • rules of, [246].
• Panodoros, [371].
• Pantares, statue at Olympia, [354].
• Pantarkes, favorite of Pheidias, [150].
• Pantarkes, victor statue at Olympia, [150], [151].
• Pantheion, the, at Olympia, [21].
• Pantias, sculptor, [268], [279].
• Papyrus, containing wrestling instructions, [229].
• Paris, statue by Euphranor, [83].
• Parnon, Mount, statue of Herakles on, [319].
• Paros, torso of ephebe from Akropolis, work of sculptor from, [127].
• Parrhasios, painter, [29], [67], [206].
• Parsley, not used as prize wreath at Nemea, [21].
• Parthenon, frieze of the, [18], [53], [86], [151];
  • Athenian knights on, [281];
  • chariot scenes on, [271];
  • representing apobates race, [272];
  • youth crowning self on, [158];
  • metopes of, [149].
• Pasiteles, sculptor, [60], [112];
  • Pasiteles and Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [89];
  • Pasiteles and Spinario, [201], [202].
• Patrokles, sculptor, [117], [120], [131], [138], [141].
• Patroklos, contests at funeral games of, [8];
  • funeral games of, in Iliad, [7f]., [11], [51];
  • tripods in honor of, [19].
• Pausanias, King of Sparta, flees from ephors, [367];
  • funeral games in honor of, at Sparta, [11].
• Pausanias, the Periegete, on art, [61];
  • description of Greece by, [43];
  • description of victor statues in Altis by, [339];
  • on girl runners at the Heraia at Olympia, [49], [50];
  • on honor and victor statues, [39];
  • mentions only part of victor statues in Altis, [324];
  • on origin of Olympic games, [15];
  • periegesis of Altis by, [190];
  • on reason for Pythian air being played at pankration, [284], [285];
  • routes (ἔφοδοι) of, in Altis, [339], [341f]., [348f].;
  • on similarity between Greek and Egyptian sculptures, [330];
  • on statue of Euthymos, at Olympia, [183];
  • use of words ἐν ἀριστερᾷ and ἐν δεξιᾷ by, [299];
  • on victor statues of poets and musicians on Helikon, [284];
  • on votive character of victor statues at Athens and Olympia, [38]; etc.
• Payne Knight bronze statuette, so-called, in British Museum, [108], [119].
• Peace, temple of, in Rome, [366].
• Pearl-string hair technique, [53].
• Peisanos, M. Antonios Kallippos, statue at Olympia, [359].
• Peisirhodos, victor at Olympia, [47], [49].
• Peisistratidai, [128].
• Peisistratos, tyrant, [363];
  • head of, so-called, [181].
• Peisthetairos, in Aves of Aristophanes, [206].
• Pelias, funeral games of, [11];
  • on chest of Kypselos, [12];
  • tripods in honor of, [19].
• Pelichos, statue of, [56].
• Pelopion, the, at Olympia, [348], [349], [350], [357].
• Peloponnesian sculptors, [109f]., [114].
• Pelops, chariot-race with Oinomaos, [14], [259];
  • contestants at Olympia sacrifice to, [11];
  • Olympian games in honor of, [10];
  • Peloponnesian boys lashed at altar of, [11];
  • statue of, in East gable, temple of Zeus at Olympia, [176];
  • worship of, at Olympia, preceded that of Zeus, [16].
• Pensive expression, in portraits of Alexander, [296].
• Pentaëteris, or four-year festival, [17].
• Pentathletes, attributes of, [164], [165];
  • statues in motion, [210f].;
  • statues at rest, [164];
  • on vases, [164].
• Pentathlon, the, accompanied by flute, [284];
  • all-round development from, [59], [211];
  • boys’, introduced at Olympia, [210];
  • events in, on r.-f. vases, [210];
  • five events of, [9], [210];
  • diskos throwing, [218f].;
  • javelin throwing, [222f].;
  • jumping, [214f].;
  • jumping most difficult part of, [216];
  • jumping-weights used in, [214];
  • men’s introduced at Olympia, [210];
  • not in Homer, [9], [210];
  • Pythian air played at, [285].
• Pergamon, dying Gaul statues from, [255];
  • frieze of Great Altar at, [252];
  • small frieze from, [253].
• Periandros, tyrant, gold statue vowed by, [266];
  • refounds Isthmian games, [17].
• Periboëtos, statue of satyr known as the, [144].
• Perikles, [52], [362];
  • portrait of, by Kresilas, [56], [199];
  • statue of slave of, [143].
• Perinthos, head from, [179], [180], [181];
  • prototype of Riccardi and Ince Blundell heads, [181].
• Peripatetics, criticism of Greek sculpture by the, [58].
• Perixyomenoi, statues of, [136].
• Perrot and Chipiez, on so-called dying hoplite relief, [209].
• Perseus and head of Medusa, on engraved gem, [83];
  • Perseus and Danaë, in a chest, [188].
• Persian Wars, [51];
  • sack of Akropolis during, [126].
• Perugia, statuette of diver (?) from, [217].
• Pesaro, the Idolino found at, [141].
• Petasos, as attribute of Hermes, [108], [207], note 1, etc. Peter cista, the, in Vatican, [243].
• Petersen E., on Kyniskos’ statue, [159];
  • on Pythokles’ statue base, [212].
• Petrograd, head of athlete in, [180]; etc. Petworth House, Sussex, Kresilæan head of athlete in, [145];
  • statue of ephebe in, [133].
• Phaistos, theatral area at, [3].
• Phanas, head ascribed to, [163];
  • statue at Olympia, [106], [355].
• Pharsalos, home of Daochos, [286];
  • statue base of the Agias at, [303].
• Phaÿllos, record diskos-throw of, [216];
  • record jump of, [216];
  • statue at Delphi, [26].
• Pheidias, [36], [110];
  • goddess types of, [53];
  • ideal tendency of, [152];
  • relation of, to Diadoumenos Farnese, [151];
  • relation of, to Hermes Ludovisi, [85];
  • statue of boy crowning himself at Olympia by, [150f].
• Pheidippides, runner, [209].
• Pheidolas, sons of, monument at Olympia, [23], [279].
• Pheidon, king of Argos, [15].
• Pheneus, games at, [76].
• Pherenike, mother of Peisirhodos, [47], [49].
• Phigalia, victor statue of Arrhachion in market-place of, [326].
• Philandridas, date of victory of, [300];
  • head from statue of, at Olympia, by Lysippos, identified, [293f].;
  • head called youthful Herakles by some, [297];
  • compared with head of boy athlete from Sparta, [316f].;
  • crushed ear of, [168];
  • location of, in Altis, [300];
  • under life-size, [46].
• Philesian Apollo, of elder Kanachos, [74], [107], [108], [118]–120, [336] and note [1];
  • “double” of, in Thebes, [304].
• Philinos, statue at Olympia, [30], [55].
• Philios, D., on dying hoplite relief, so-called, [209].
• Philip II, king of Macedon, coin of, showing victorious jockey with palm-branch, [280];
  • coins of, showing Athenian type of chariot, [263];
  • equestrian victor at Olympia, [257], [263].
• Philippeion, the, at Olympia, [353], [355], [356], [357], [358].
• Philippopolis, coin of, [78].
• Philippos, of Kroton, Olympic victor, heroön of, at Egesta, [35], [57], [363].
• Philippos, of Pellene, inscribed bronze plate from victor statue base at Olympia, [244f]. Philistos, monument base at Olympia, [357].
• Phillen, or Philys, statue at Olympia, [344].
• Philon, statue at Olympia, [122].
• Philonides, courier of Alexander, honor statue at Olympia, [42], [346], [356], [359].
• Philonides, sculptor, [109], [266].
• Philonikos, base of statue at Olympia, [358].
• Philokrates, base of statue at Olympia, [368].
• Philoktetes, in Sophokles’ drama, the Philoctetes, [59].
• Philostratos, of Rhodes, adversary of Straton at Olympia, [34].
• Philostratos, on athletes wearing coarse mantle, [47];
  • on Eleans allowing strangling in pankration, [246];
  • on jumping-weights, [215], [216];
  • on method of putting on boxing thongs, [236];
  • on omitted 211th Olympiad, [369];
  • on pankration as “fairest of contests,” [246];
  • on prohibition against biting and gouging in pankration, [246];
  • on reason for nudity of Olympic athletes, [47];
  • on Spartans allowing biting and gouging in pankration, [246];
  • on statue of Milo, [106], [337];
  • on style of long race, [194];
  • on reason for Pythian air being played at pentathlon, [285].
• Philotimos, sculptor, [123], [264], [268], [279].
• Philoumenos, inscription from base of statue of, [371].
• Philys; see Phillen.
• Phlegon, on olive crown, [20].
• Phœnicians, the, transmit Assyrian and Egyptian designs to Greece, [330].
• Phokis, confederacy of, sets up statue at Olympia, [30].
• Phormis, offering at Olympia, [28], [62], [163], [264].
• Phorystas, base of statue from Tanagra, [368].
• Phradmon, sculptor, [117].
• Phrikias, head ascribed to, [162], [163], [353];
  • statue at Olympia, [106].
• Phrixos, on shield relief, [162].
• Physical differences, in athletes, [59].
• Piankhi, King of Aethiopia and invader of Egypt, [331].
• Pictorial hair technique, [53].
• Pinakotheke, the, at Athens, [29].
• Pinax, of victresses at the Heraia, at Olympia, [49];
  • votive on Attic vase, [29];
  • πινάκιον, iconic, [182].
• Pindar, on boxing and wrestling, [8];
  • on connection of Pelops with Olympia, [10];
  • on early value of bronze, [19];
  • on non-existence of the pentathlon in heroic days, [210];
  • ode on flutist Sakadas, [284];
  • scholia on, [26], [130], [190];
  • seventh Olympic ode of, [343];
  • sings praises of victors, [36];
  • sixth Pythian ode of, [267];
  • writes eight odes in praise of pankration, [246].
• Pine, the, at the Isthmus, [21];
  • wreath of, at the Isthmus, [20];
  • at Nemea, [21].
• Piombino, bronze statuette from, [118].
• Pison, sculptor, [278].
• Plane-tree Grove, Sparta, [319], [367].
• Plastic hair technique, [53].
• Platæa, the Eleutheria at, [11].
• Platæan Zeus, the, statue at Olympia, [344].
• Plato, on boys’ stade-race, [191];
  • divides athletes into three classes, [189];
  • on Egyptian art, [60];
  • on happy life of victors, [36];
  • on length of stade-race for boys, [191];
  • on length of stade-race for ephebes, [191];
  • on loin-cloth, [48];
  • mentions σφαῖραι, [237];
  • on mythical origin of wrestling, [228];
  • omits pankration in his ideal state, [246];
  • protests against competition in athletics, [36];
  • on swollen ear of athletes, [167].
• Plectra, in Parthenon, [23].
• Pliny, on Alkamenes’ Enkrinomenos, [77];
  • on the Apoxyomenos of Lysippos, [289];
  • on art, [60], [61];
  • on custom of setting up statues of victors at Olympia, [27], [324], [354];
  • on Euphranor’s canon, [69];
  • on Eutychides, sculptor, [121];
  • on Greek origin of equestrian monuments, [24];
  • Historia Naturalis of, [43], [321];
  • on iconic statues, [54], [55];
  • on Kanachos’ statue of the Philesian Apollo, [118];
  • on Kanachos’ celetizontes pueri, [120];
  • on Kresilas’ portrait of Perikles, [56];
  • on Lysippos’ proportions, [46];
  • on Lysistratos making portraits from plaster moulds, [56];
  • on monotony in the art of Polykleitos, [152], [226];
  • on Myron, [184];
  • on nudity of athletes, [47];
  • on the nudus talo incessens of Polykleitos, [249], [250];
  • on representing victors by paintings, [29];
  • on the sculptor Apellas, [267];
  • on the Splanchnoptes of Styphax, [143];
  • on statue of pancratiast at Delphi by Pythagoras, [26];
  • on statue represented in prayer, [130];
  • on statue of victors by Myron at Delphi, [26];
  • on symmetry, [66]; etc.
• Plutarch, on Apollo as boxer, [88];
  • on art, [61];
  • on portraits of Alexander by Lysippos, [290], [328].
• Plutus, the, of Aristophanes, quoted, [36].
• Poetic competitions at Delphi, [25].
• Poets, statues on Helikon, [284];
  • statues at Olympia, [285].
• Polemon, on statue of Leon, [366];
  • on statue of Epicharinos, [372].
• Polites, victor at Olympia, [354].
• Pollux, describes game of σκαπέρδη, [236].
• Pollux; see Polydeukes. Pollux, the statue in Louvre, so-called, [180], [181], [188], [245].
• Polybios, on Kleitomachos, boxer of Thebes, [147].
• Polychalchos, surname of Spartan victor Polykles, [266].
• Polydamas, relief from base of statue of, [303];
  • statue of, at Olympia, by Lysippos, [32], [45], [121], [298], [299];
  • statue of, cures fevers, [364].
• Polydeukes, boxing-match with Amykos on Ficoroni cista, [269];
  • as famed boxer, [235];
  • wins boxing match at Olympia, [96], [235].
• Polykleitos, the Elder, sculptor, [117], [118];
  • Apoxyomenos of, [136];
  • called Kleito by Sokrates, in Xenophon’s Memorabilia, [59];
  • canon of, [68], [111], [136], [148], [288];
  • characteristics of, [152];
  • date of, by Pliny, [61];
  • destringentesse of, [136], [288];
  • Diadoumenos of, [152], [154];
  • Doryphoros of, [211], [224f].;
  • as idealist, [188];
  • influence of, on Lysippos, [291];
  • influenced by Attic art, [152];
  • innovation of, in statue poses, [226];
  • monotony of, [152], [226];
  • poses of victor statues of, [44];
  • pupil of Hagelaïdas, [110];
  • pupils of, [139];
  • victor statues of, [36].
• Polykleitos, the Younger, sculptor, statues of victors at Olympia by, [30], [117], [118].
• Polykles, the Elder, sculptor, [129], [324].
• Polykles, victor group at Olympia, [150], [266].
• Polymedes, sculptor, [105].
• Polypeithes, chariot-group at Olympia, [23], [265], [347].
• Polyxenos, statue at Olympia, [359].
• Polyzalos, brother of Gelo, [278].
• Pomegranate, attribute of victor statues, [107], [165].
• Pompeii, Doryphoros of Polykleitos found at, [70];
  • Palaistra at, [87].
• Poros sculptures, [53], [128].
• Porto d’Anzio, statue from, [135], [144].
• Portraiture, Greek, [54], [55f].;
  • privilege of erecting portrait statues at Olympia, [57], [354];
  • privilege rarely given, [57];
  • realistic, [56], [57].
• Poseidon, altar at Isthmus, [259];
  • god of contests, [75];
  • pine sacred to, [21];
  • sanctuary at Isthmus, [21];
  • statue from Melos, [73], [74];
  • surnamed ἵππιος, at Sparta, [362].
• Poses, of victor statues, found on various sculptured and painted works, [44];
  • general, of victor statues at rest, [130f].;
  • general, of victor statues in motion, [188f].
• Poulsen, F., on the Agias, [291], note [2].
• Prado, copy of Diadoumenos of Polykleitos in the, Madrid, [153].
• Praisos, seal from, [3].
• Praxidamas, wood statue at Olympia, [106], [322], [326], [333], [337], [351].
• Praxiteles, sculptor, [36], [80];
  • the Agias of Lysippos influenced by, [291];
  • art of, rooted in fifth century B. C., [134];
  • as bronze worker, [303];
  • delicate male types of, [297];
  • hair technique of, [53];
  • head-type of, [77], [309];
  • Praxiteles and boy athlete head from Sparta, [305], [311];
  • Praxiteles and Kalamis, chariot-group by, [268];
  • Praxiteles and Philandridas head from Olympia, [293];
  • Praxiteles and Skopas differentiated, [311];
  • statue of a ψελιουμένη by, [131].
• Prayer, as motive in votive monuments, [130];
  • position of hands in Greek, [132];
  • statue of youth represented in, from Carinthia, [131];
  • statue of youth represented in, Berlin, [131];
  • statuette of youth represented in, Metropolitan Museum, [132], [133].
• Praying Boy, the, statue so-called, in Berlin, [131], [132].
• Preuner, E., on inscription from statue base in Pharsalos, [286], [317], [318], [363].
• Pristae, by Myron, [188].
• Prizes, on chest of Kypselos, [13];
  • at contests of beauty, [57];
  • early athlete, [18f].;
  • at games of Azan, [9];
  • at games of Patroklos, [19].
• Processional entrance, the, of the Altis, [347].
• Processional way, the, of the Altis, [348], [349], [350].
• Professionalism in athletics, at Olympia, [361];
  • protests against, [36], [37].
• Profile, first example of Greek, [116].
• Prokles, statue at Olympia, [345], [346].
• Promachos, statues at Olympia and Pellene, [31], [304], [323], [325], [326], [367].
• Proportio, in Greek art, [66].
• Proportions, canons of, [65f].;
  • in Egyptian art, [67];
  • Fritsch on, of body, [67];
  • Kalkmann on, of face, [67].
• Prose writers, statues at Olympia, [285].
• Protogenes, athlete painted by, [29].
• Protolaos, statue at Olympia, [179], [352].
• Prytaneion, the, in Athens, victors eat at public expense at, [32];
  • the, in Olympia, [299], [342], [355], [356], [357], [358], [359], [360].
• Psammetichos, tyrant of Corinth, [17].
• Pseudo-Andokides, [363].
• Pseudo-Plutarch, on statue of Isokrates at Athens, [24] and note 11, [27] and note [4], [281], [373].
• Ptoion, Mount, statues of “Apollo” from, [100], [101], [102], [103], [334];
  • tripods in temple of Apollo on, [19].
• Ptolemy, Gymnasion at Athens, [166].
• Ptolichos, sculptor, [61], [122].
• Puchstein, O., on location of Great Altar of Zeus at Olympia, [349]. Pummeling, allowed in pankration, [246].
• Pyanepsion, month of, [18].
• Pyrilampes, statue at Olympia, [343], [346], [353].
• Pythagoras, sculptor, [138], [178f]., [364], [375];
  • dated by Pliny, [61];
  • first to aim at rhythm and symmetry, [67], [179];
  • first to express sinews and veins, [138];
  • Pythagoras and Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [89];
  • Pythagoras and Delphi Charioteer, [278];
  • Pythagoras and Myron, [181], [245];
  • Pythagoras and Tux bronze, [207];
  • statue of Delphic pancratiast by, [26], [178], [182];
  • statue of mala ferens nudus by, [107];
  • style of, [179];
  • victor statues at Olympia, by, [36], [62], [161], [178f]., [268].
• Pytheos, see Pythis. Pythes, honor statue at Olympia, [42].
• Pythia, the, festival at Delphi, [16], [17];
  • as athletic meet, inferior to Nemea and Isthmia, [24], [25];
  • as festival, second to Olympia, [24];
  • in honor of the Python, [10];
  • statue of victor at, in Athens, [27].
  • See Delphi.
• Pythian air, played at pentathlon, [88], [285].
• Pythian Apollo, the, statue of, [330], [334].
• Pythis, or Pytheos, architect, [264].
• Python, the, at Delphi, [10], [25].
• Pythokles, replicas of statues of, [212f].;
  • statue of, at Olympia, [93], [117], [159] and note 3, [211], [212], [343].
• Pythokritos, flutist, honor statue at Olympia, [42], [285], [352].
• Pythokritos, sculptor, [244].
• Pyxis, from Knossos, [7].
• Quadrigae, mentioned by Pliny, [264].
  • See Chariot-race.
• Quatremère de Quincy, on Borghese Warrior, [208].
• “Quiet grandeur” (stille Grosse) of Greek Art, [57].
• Quintilian, on art, [61];
  • on the Doryphoros of Polykleitos, [70], [226];
  • on the Diskobolos of Myron, [187].
• Quintus Smyrnæus, on jumping among the Trojans, [214].
• Quiver, on Torlonia copy of the Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [89].
• Quoit; see Diskos. Ram-offerer, statue by Naukydes, [78].
• Rampin head, of Louvre, [126], [128], [176];
  • hair technique of, [53].
• Ra-nefer, limestone statue in Cairo, [330].
• Rayet, on Borghese Warrior, [208].
• Rayet-Jacobsen head, so-called, in Copenhagen, [127], [128], [167], [337].
• Realism in Greek art, [56], [57], [146f].;
  • in Greek portraiture, [56], [57].
• Reconstruction of Olympic victor statues, [43f]. Reinach, S., on bronze statue of youth from Antikythera, [83];
  • on stone statues being placed under cover, [325].
• Reinach, Th., on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [81].
• Reisch, E., on javelin-throwers in sculpture, [224];
  • on Pliny’s puer tenens tabellam and malaferens nudus, [181];
  • on statue of Euthymos at Olympia, [183];
  • on votive character of Olympic victor statues, [39].
• Reliefs, of akontistai, from Sparta, [223];
  • Amphiaraos, [273];
  • apobates chariot race, [272];
  • Apollo, Artemis, and Leto, in Louvre, [284];
  • Aristion, [124], [127];
  • Boreas, in Metropolitan Museum, [194];
  • boxers, in Lateran, [238];
  • boy crowning self, [155];
  • boxer, on bronze shield, from Mount Ida, Crete, [235];
  • cap, in Rome, [166];
  • charioteer, from Akropolis, [128];
  • charioteer mounting chariot, [269];
  • chariots, from Crete, [262];
  • Dermys and Kitylos, from Tanagra, [335];
  • Dioskouroi, set up by Aischylos, [96], [97];
  • Dioskouroi, in London, [97];
  • from Dipylon, [156];
  • diskobolos, from Dipylon, [127];
  • dying hoplite, from Athens, [194], [209];
  • four-horse chariot, [268], [269];
  • funerary, from Tanagra, [72];
  • funerary, from Athens, [66];
  • from Halimous, [249];
  • Hermes, fragment from Athens, [270];
  • hoplite runners, from Tarentum, [96];
  • horse crowned by Nike, from Athens, [269];
  • horseman, from Athens, [281];
  • horse-racer, from Sicily, [281];
  • horse-racer from Thera, [281];
  • horse-racer leading horse, from Athens, [281];
  • jumping-weights, from Sparta, [164];
  • from Klazomenai, [264], [268];
  • from Kleitor, [132];
  • from Knossos, [3], [4];
  • from Lamia, [132];
  • from Loeb collection, Munich, [194];
  • from Nemea, [132];
  • palæstra victor, from Delphi, [138];
  • in honor of Pamphilos and Alexandros, in Verona, [97];
  • showing poses of victor statues, [44];
  • as victor monuments, [28];
  • war-chariots, from Mycenæ, [262].
• Religion and Greek athletics, [14].
• Remnants of victor statues at Olympia, [43].
• Renaissance, the, [4];
  • bronze copies of Spinario from period of, [202].
• “Repose” of Greek art, [57].
• “Rest” leg, motive in sculpture, [109].
• Resting after contest, athletic motive, [144].
• Rewards, money, of victors at Athens, [32].
• Rhamnous, the Nemesis of Agorakritos at, [182].
• Rhegion, Anaxilas, tyrant of, [278];
  • coins of, showing mule-car, [263].
• Rhetoric, the, of Aristotle, [58];
  • inscribed base of Olympic victor mentioned in, [367].
• Rhexibios, wood statue at Olympia, [106], [332], [326], [337], [351];
  • wrongly called oldest at Olympia by Pausanias, [333].
• Rhodes, scene of fighting combatants, in art of, [178];
  • tripods in honor of Dionysos at, [19];
  • Zan at Olympia, set up by, [34].
• Rhoikos, bronze founder, date of, [321];
  • family of, [330].
  • See also Telekles and Theodoros.
• Rhouphos, Klaudios (Rufus, Claudius), statue in Rome, [371].
• Rhythm, definition of, [66];
  • in Greek Art, [66].
• Riccardi head, [169], [180], [181], [183].
• Richardson, R. B., on bronze head from Akropolis, [114];
  • on Farnese Herakles, [253], [254].
• Richter, G., on statuette of diskobolos in Metropolitan Museum, [220] and note 5. Ridder, A. de, on Tux bronze, [207];
  • on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, [221], [222].
• Robert, C., on Diadoumenos of Pheidias, [150f].;
  • on date of victor Kyniskos, [160].
• Robinson, D. M., [267].
• Robinson, E., on Charioteer (?), in Boston, [275];
  • on head of Hermes, in Boston, [85]; etc.
• Roehl, H., on inscription referred to statue of Milo, [38].
• Roman copies of victor statues, on, [44];
  • no copy proved to be of victor statue, [160];
  • on Roman patrons of art, [44].
• Ross, L., on inscribed base from statue of Epicharinos, [372].
• Rothschild, E. de, bronze copy of Spinario, in Paris collection of, [202].
• Rouse, W. D., on votive character of victor statues at Olympia, [39], [40].
• Routes, of Pausanias in the Altis; see Ephodoi. Runners, difference in style of various, shown by vase-paintings, [193], [194];
  • on Panathenaic amphoræ, [106], [194];
  • represented as running with bent knee, [194];
  • statues of boy, [200f].;
  • statues of, from Velletri, in Rome, [198], [199];
  • statues of, without special attributes, [170].
• Running race (δρόμος), various kinds of, [190f].;
  • in mythology, [190];
  • number of victors in, named by Pausanias, [193];
  • origin of, at Eleusis, [190];
  • part of all Greek games and exercises, [190].
  • See Double foot-race, Hoplite-race, Long race, Stade-race.
• Sabouroff collection, head from, [128].
• Sacred war, the, [17].
• Sakadas, flutist, statue of, [284].
• Salamis, Aeginetans at battle of, [125];
  • date of battle of, [125].
• Salis, A. von, on statue from Olympieion, [143].
• Salutation, attitude of, to a divinity, in statuette in Metropolitan Museum, [133].
• Sandal-binder, statue of, so-called, with copies, [86], [87], [202], [203].
• Sandal-binding, motive of, originates with Lysippos, [86].
• Sandals, worn by charioteers, [48].
• Santa Marinella, statue from, in Fogg Art Museum, Cambridge, Mass., [314].
• Sarapion, flees adversary and is fined, [34];
  • two statues in Elis, [370].
• Satrap Sarcophagus, so-called, in Constantinople, [276].
• Satyr, of Praxiteles, called Periboëtos, [144];
  • statue of, in Dresden, [144].
• Sawyers (?) (pristae), group by Myron, [188].
• Scarab, chalcedony, in British Museum, [138].
• Schaefer, A., on statue of Kylon on Akropolis, [362].
• Scherer, Chr., on exclusive use of bronze in Olympic victor statues, [321];
  • on “iconic” statues of Pliny, [54];
  • on Milo’s statue at Olympia, [107];
  • on positions of victor statues at Olympia, [340].
• Scheria, games on, [210].
• Schnaase, on Farnese Herakles, [253].
• Schober, A., on Perinthos and allied heads, [181].
• Schoell, R., on votive character of victor monuments, [39].
• Scholiasts, statements of, on victor statues at Olympia, [43].
• Schrader, H., on Attic relief from the Akropolis, [271].
• Schreiber, T., on Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [90].
• Schwabe, L., on Tux bronze, [207].
• Sciarra bronze, statuette so-called, in Rome, [119].
• Scraper; see Strigil. Sculptors, of Olympic victor statues, [36];
  • statistics of, [375].
• Sculptura, definition of, from Pliny, [302].
• Sculpture, Greek, after Persian Wars, [278];
  • ancient criticism of, [58f].;
  • evolution of, on traditional lines, [67];
  • knowledge of, necessary in reconstructing Olympic victor statues, [44].
• Sea-monsters (?) (pristes), group by Myron, [188].
• Seasons, altar at Olympia, [351].
• Seated Boxer, statue of the, in Museo delle Terme, Rome, [145f]., [168];
  • realism of, [57], [254].
• See-saw (?) (pristae?), group by Myron, [188].
• Seleados, base of statue at Olympia, [346].
• Seleukos I, date of founding Antioch by, [121].
• Selinos, coins of, showing celery wreath, [21];
  • temple E at, [114].
• Sellers, Eugénie; see Strong, Mrs. Eugénie. Selling out, examples at Olympia, [33].
• Seraglio, Old, manuscript from the, [258].
• Serambos, sculptor, [123].
• Shadow-fighting; see Sparring. Sheik-el-Beled, the; see Ka-aper, statue of. Shield, as attribute of hoplitodromoi, [161];
  • as prize at Argive Heraia, [21];
  • 25 bronze ones kept in temple of Zeus for Olympic hoplite runners, [22].
• Siamese, funeral games among, [12].
• Sicily, cities of, honor victors, [35];
  • coins of, showing racing chariots, [262], [263];
  • Greeks of, fond of hippodrome contests, [258];
  • princes of, as victors at Olympia, [357];
  • school of sculpture of, [114].
• Sidon, Alexander Sarcophagus from, in Constantinople, [275];
  • Satrap Sarcophagus from, in Constantinople, [276].
• Sikyon, athletic school of sculptors from, [58], [118f].
• Sikyonians, treasury of, at Olympia, [41], [265].
• Silanion, sculptor, [129].
• Silver bowl, as prize at games of Patroklos, [19];
  • silver cups, as prizes at Sikyonian Pythian games, [20].
• Simon, sculptor, [264], [268].
• Simonides, of Keos, [36], [47], [210].
• Singing, competition in, at Delphi, [25].
• Single-combat, between Ajax and Diomedes, in Iliad, [8].
• Six, J., on Borghese Warrior, [208];
  • on statue of Hermolykos on Akropolis, [373].
• Size of victor statues, [45f]. Skenoma (Σκήνωμα), the, at Sparta, [367].
• Skopas, sculptor, [36];
  • characteristics of, [311];
  • head in style of, in Capitoline Museum, Rome, [169];
  • head-type of, [77];
  • influence on the Agias, [291];
  • intense expression of, [307];
  • Kallistratos on, [309];
  • knowledge of, recently augmented, [286];
  • as master of expression of passion, [309];
  • Philandridas head wrongly ascribed to, [293];
  • Skopas and boy athlete head from Sparta, [305];
  • Skopas and Lysippos compared, [311f]., [315];
  • style of, from Tegea heads, [306].
• Skripou, convent of, [334].
• Skyllis, sculptor, [122], [334].
  • See also Dipoinos.
• Skyros, [18].
• Slings for diskoi, on r.-f. vase, [164].
• Smikythos; see Mikythos. Smile, in archaic sculpture, [100], [126].
• Smith, A. H., on Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [89], [90];
  • on athlete statue from Palazzo Farnese, Rome, in British Museum, [293].
• Snail-volute, hair technique, [53].
• Snatcher, the, from East gable, temple of Aegina, [125].
• Sodamas, statue at Olympia, [354].
• Sogliano, A., on boxer statue from Sorrento, [243].
• Sokrates, philosopher, condemns “mimetic” arts, [58];
  • on physical development of runners and boxers, [59];
  • visit of, to sculptor Kleito, [59].
• Sokrates, victor; see Sosikrates. Solon, assigns money prizes to Olympic and Isthmian victors, [25], [32].
• Solos, throwing of, in Iliad, [8];
  • as type of diskos, [218].
• Somzée Collection, athlete from the, [176], [251].
• Songs, in honor of victors, [34].
• Sophios, statue at Olympia, [299], [342].
• Sophokles, Trachiniae of, [318].
• Sorrento, statue of boxer from, by Koblanos, [242].
• Sosikrates (or Sokrates), victor statue of, at Olympia, [200], [344].
• Sostratos, dates of Olympic victories of, [300];
  • inscribed base from statue, at Delphi, [249];
  • statue at Olympia, [55];
  • surnamed ἀκροχερσίτης, [248], [249].
• Sotades, Olympic victor, bribed and exiled, [33].
• Southeast Building, the, at Olympia, [344].
• Sparring, preliminary, called ἀκροχερισμός in boxing and pankration, [248] and note [4];
  • depicted on Ficoroni cista in Rome, [243];
  • depicted on Peter cista in Rome, [243];
  • as motive of boxer statues, [243];
  • as motive of statuette of boxer in Vatican, [243];
  • as motive of marble torso in Berlin, [243];
  • preliminary in pankration, [248];
  • called σκιαμαχεῖν (to shadow-fight), in boxing, [122], [243] and note 4.
• Sparta, Akropolis, of, [305];
  • Dionysia at, [50];
  • Δρόμος at, [309];
  • funeral games at, in honor of Leonidas and Pausanias, [11];
  • head of statue of boy from, [305f].;
  • Σκήνωμα at, [367].
• Spartans, allow biting and gouging in pankration, [246];
  • ball-playing among, [84];
  • as boxers, [167];
  • boxing of, in Plato, [167];
  • excluded from Olympia on certain Olympiads, [31];
  • girls contest with boys, [49];
  • physical exercise among, [1];
  • sacrifice to Apollo the Runner, [88];
  • youths dedicate offerings to Eros in contest of beauty, [57].
• Spear, casting of, at games of Patroklos, [8].
• Sphairians (σφαιρεῖς), title of Spartan youths, [84], [319].
• Spinario, the, statue in Rome, [201f].;
  • as example of asymmetry, [70];
  • imitations of original of, [202].
• Splanchnoptes, statue of, by Styphax, [143].
• Sponges, shown on r.-f. kylix, [164].
• Springboard, not used in Greek jumping, [216].
• Stackelberg, O. von, traveling journal of, [286], [366].
• Stade-race (δρόμος, στάδιον), [190f].;
  • first event at Olympia and at the Panathenaia, [191];
  • for boys, introduced at Olympia, [191];
  • the oldest (?) event at Olympia, [191];
  • victor in, eponymous at Olympia, [37];
  • wrongly regarded as chief event at Olympia, [191].
• Stadia, absent in Homer, [7].
• Stadion, the, at Olympia, [258], [359], [360].
• Staïs, V., on Hermes of Andros, [71];
  • on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, [221], [222].
• Stamnos, r.-f., from Etruria, in Vienna, [132].
• Standard of physical development uniform in fifth century B. C., [147f]. Standing Diskobolos, the statue in Vatican, [76f].;
  • pose of, [219], [220];
  • replica of, [77].
• Standing Hermes, the, statue in Vatican, [72].
• “Stand-motif,” Polykleitan, [82].
• “Starters of the race,” epithets of Kastor and Polydeukes at Sparta, [96].
• Stassoff, on supposed Oriental origin of javelin-throwing, [222].
• Statuettes, of ivory acrobats, from Knossos, [3];
  • akontistai, two bronze, [227], [228];
  • Apollo, from Naxos, in Berlin, [74], [119];
  • Apollo (Payne Knight), in British Museum, [108], [119];
  • Apollo, from Piombino, in Louvre, [118];
  • Apollo, from Palazzo Sciarra, Rome, [119];
  • apoxyomenos, in Loeb collection, Munich, [136];
  • athlete, archaic, from Delphi, [28];
  • athlete, from Ligourió, [105], [111], [114];
  • athlete, in Louvre, [213], [214];
  • boxer, from Akropolis, [28];
  • boxer, from Corfu, in British Museum, [96];
  • boxer, from Olympia, [28], [244];
  • boxer, in Vatican Museum, [243];
  • diadoumenos, terra cotta from Smyrna, in London, [154];
  • diadoumenos, from Akropolis, [155];
  • diskoboloi, [28], [218f].;
  • diskoboloi, two bronze, from Akropolis, [222];
  • diskoboloi, group in Loeb collection, Munich [232], [233];
  • diskobolos, in Berlin, [221];
  • diskobolos, in British Museum, [221];
  • diskobolos, from cover of lebes, in British Museum, [221];
  • diskobolos, from the Kabeirion, [28];
  • diskobolos, in Metropolitan Museum, [220], [221];
  • girl runner, from Dodona, [28];
  • girl extracting thorn, terra cotta from Nida-Haddernheim, [202];
  • Herakles or victor, in Berlin, [96];
  • Herakles, or victors, in British Museum, [96];
  • Hermes Diskobolos, from sea off Antikythera, [78], [79];
  • hoplitodrome, from Capua, in Vienna, [207];
  • hoplitodrome, Tux bronze, in Tuebingen, [28];
  • horse-racer, from Dodona, [28], [281];
  • horse-racer, in Loeb collection, Munich, [282];
  • horse-racer, from Volubilis, [281];
  • horse-racers, from Olympia, [24];
  • oil-pourer, from S. Italy, in British Museum, [135];
  • oil-pourers, terra cottas from Myrina, [135];
  • pancratiast, from Autun, in Louvre, [249f].;
  • praying boys, two bronze, in Metropolitan Museum, [132], [133];
  • sacrificer, from Dodona, [143];
  • trumpeter, from Sparta, [283];
  • warrior, from Dodona, [126];
  • wrestlers, group from Akropolis, [28];
  • wrestlers, group in Loeb Collection, Munich, [232];
  • statuettes in motion, from Egyptian art, [177];
  • in Paris and Rome, showing motive of statue of Xenokles, [138], [139].
• Stelæ, in honor of victors, [40].
• Stephanos, sculptor, statue by, [111f]. “Stolid” group of so-called “Apollo” statues, [100].
• Stomach throw, in pankration, [247].
• Stomios, famous pentathlete, [59];
  • statue of, at Olympia, [42].
• Stone, used in Olympic victor statues, [323f]. Strabo, on origin of Olympic games, [15].
• Strangford Apollo, the, statue in British Museum, [102], [103], [123], [244].
• Strangling, allowed in pankration, [246], [247].
• Straton, Olympic victor, [34], [93].
• Strigil, or scraper (στλεγγίς), used by athletes as a common palæstra attribute, [135], [138], [288].
• Stroganoff, statuette formerly in Collection, [166].
• Strong, Mrs. Eugénie (née Sellers), on Apollo head, in British Museum, [92];
  • on Beneventum head, in Louvre, [63].
• Studniczka, F., on the gable statues from Olympia, [114];
  • on the Idolino, [141];
  • on statues of Theagenes, [364].
• Styphax (or Styppax), sculptor, [143].
• Subiaco, statue of kneeling youth from, [195];
  • date and interpretation of, [195], [196].
• Succession, contests of, as explanation of funerary games, [14].
• Suedwestbau; see Leonidaion. Svoronos, J. N., on bronze arm found in sea off Antikythera, [236];
  • on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [83];
  • on bronze statuette found in sea off Antikythera, [79];
  • on Delphi Charioteer, [277];
  • on dying hoplite relief, from Athens, [209];
  • on the Idolino, [142].
• Swollen ear, as attribute of victor statues, [167f].;
  • not a determining distinction between heads of athletes and Herakles, [297], [319], [320];
  • on various heads of athletes, gods, and heroes, [168f].
• Symmachos, statue at Olympia, [120], [342].
• Symmetry, in Greek art, [65], [66];
  • Pliny and Vitruvius on, [66].
• Symplegma, group representing a, by Kephisodotos, [252].
• Symposium, of Xenophon, [59].
• Syracuse, coins of, representing Nike with tablet, [182];
  • funeral games at, in honor of Timoleon, [11];
  • Hiero and Gelo, kings of, [257].
• Tainia, or fillet, as victor attribute, [148f]. Tanagra, ephebe chosen at, for his beauty, [57];
  • grave-stele from, [72].
• Tarentum (Taras), captured by Q. Fabius Maximus, [253];
  • coins of, showing apobates horse-racers, [282].
• Tarsos, athlete head from, [168].
• Tegea, excavations at temple of Athena at, [306];
  • heads from gable of temple at, [306];
  • heads from, compared with small frieze from Mausoleion, [275];
  • heads from, compared with boy athlete head from Sparta, [305];
  • torso of the Amazon from, [306].
• Teisikrates, chariot victor, at Delphi, [268].
• Teisikrates, pancratiast, inscribed base of statue of, from Delphi, [249].
• Teisikrates, Theban sculptor, [368].
• Tektaios, sculptor, [122], [304], [334], [335].
  • See also Angelion.
• Telekles, sculptor, [330], [334].
  • See also Rhoikos and Theodoros.
• Telemachos, base of statue at Olympia, [346], [348], [355];
  • statue at Olympia, [109], [266], [339], [345];
  • zone of, at Olympia, [345], [346].
• Telephos, battle with Achilles, in Tegea pediment, [306];
  • in group, on small frieze from Pergamon, [253];
  • in group, in Vatican, [95].
• Telesikrates, hoplite victor, statue at Delphi, [26], [162].
• Tellon, base of statue at Olympia, [240], [345];
  • statue at Olympia, [31], [352].
• Temessa, Black Spirit of, [35].
• Tempe, vale of, as home of laurel, [21].
• Temple, spoken of as pro persona, [299].
• Tenea, “Apollo” of, [100], [101], [103], [104], [105], [106], [127], [327], [336];
  • “Apollo” of, as runner, [148];
  • necropolis of, [337].
• Tenerani, sculptor, [288].
• Tepemankh, wood statue in Cairo, [330].
• Terrace wall, South, at Olympia, [346], [348], [357], [358].
• Tetradrachm, silver, in honor of Olympic victory of Philip II, [280].
• Thaliarchos, base of statue of, [358];
  • oldest prose inscription making an Olympic victor statue votive, [39].
• Thamyris, victor statue on Helikon, [284].
• Thargelia, the, statue of boy victor at, [27].
• Thasos, statue of Theagenes on, [364];
  • temple of Apollo at Alki on, [336].
• Theagenes, Olympic victor, boxing match with Euthymos, [247];
  • heroized after death, [35];
  • statue at Olympia, [122], [244], [364];
  • story of statue on Thasos, [364];
  • too wearied by boxing to enter pankration, [247];
  • wrestling match with Aethiopian, [252].
• Theekoleon, the, at Olympia, [353], [355], [357].
• Theochrestos, chariot dedicated at Olympia, [265].
• Theodoros, bronze founder, [321], [330], [334].
  • See also Rhoikos and Telekles.
• Theodosius, Roman emperor, abolishes Olympic games, [15].
• Theognetos, statue at Olympia, [61], [165], [352].
• Theopompos, statue at Olympia, [161].
• Theopropos, base of statue at Olympia, [360].
• Theoros, painter, [29], [133].
• Theotimos, statue at Olympia, [121].
• Thera, “Apollo” of, [100], [101], [103], [104], [327], [337].
• Thermæ, the, of M. Agrippa, Rome, [289].
• Thermopylæ, battle of, [51].
• Thersias, first victor in mule-race at Olympia, [261].
• Thersilochos, statue at Olympia, [117].
• Thersonides, base of statue from Olympia, [356].
• Theseia, the, [18];
  • boys at, divided into three classes, [189].
• Theseus, [18];
  • contest of, on Delos, in honor of Apollo, [160];
  • as inventor of boxing, [235];
  • as inventor of pankration, [247];
  • statues of, in gymnasia and palæstræ, [94];
  • Theseus and Kerkyon, on metope of Theseion, [232].
• Thessalonika, funeral games at, [11].
• Thessaly, bull-grappling sport in, [5].
• Thong (ἀγκύλη, amentum), of javelin, [223].
• Thorn-puller; see Spinario. Thorwaldsen, sculptor, restores Aegina gable statues, [123].
• Thracian Chersonesos, games on, [11].
• Thrasyboulos, drives father’s car at Delphi, [267].
• Thrasymachos (or Thrasymedes), base of statue at Olympia, [358].
• Threatening look of victor statues, [59].
• Thukydides, on Diitrephes, [373];
  • on krobylos hair-fashion, [52];
  • on loin-cloth of athletes, [48];
  • on refuge of King Pausanias, [367];
  • uses pancratiasts for dating, [191].
• Tiberius, Roman emperor, base of statue at Olympia, [357], [358];
  • chariot victor at Olympia, [261];
  • enamored of the Apoxyomenos of Lysippos, [289].
• Tilting, hold in pankration, [247].
• Timainetos, painter, [29].
• Timaios, first victor in trumpeting at Olympia, [283].
• Timaios, historian, [284].
• Timarchides, sculptor, [129], [324].
• Timasitheos, statue at Olympia, [111], [355].
• Timokles, sculptor, [129].
• Timoleon, funeral games in honor of, at Syracuse, [11].
• Timon, chariot victor, statue in equestrian group, [120], [266], [268], [279].
• Timon, pentathlete, statue at Olympia, [109], [354].
• Timoptolis, honor statue at Olympia, [42].
• Timosthenes, statue at Olympia, [121], [342].
• Tiryns, fresco from, [2], [3];
  • lack of athletic scenes at, [8].
• Titus, baths at Rome, [371].
• Toalios, Aurelios, base of victor statue at Oinoanda, [371].
• Torches, dedications of, [22].
• Toreadors, paintings of, male and female, at Knossos, [1], [3].
• Torlonia, Palazzo, Rome, copy of Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type in, [89];
  • head of Ares in, [170].
• Trachiniae, of Sophokles, [318].
• Trainers at Olympia, nude, [49].
• Treasuries, the, at Olympia, [351].
• Treu, G., on colossal Apollo from Olympia, [92];
  • on copy of Doryphoros of Polykleitos, at Olympia, [227];
  • on gable statues from temple of Zeus, Olympia, [114];
  • on head of hoplite runner from Olympia, [163];
  • identifies Leonidaion, at Olympia, [348];
  • on Philandridas head, [293], [294];
  • on use of marble in Olympic victor statues, [324], [326].
• Triopia, the, at Mykale, [19].
• Triphylia, [15].
• Tripods, as early prizes, [19];
  • found at Olympia and elsewhere, [22];
  • in honor of various gods and heroes, [19];
  • reliefs on bronze, in Loeb collection, Munich, [194].
• Tripping, in wrestling, [229];
  • shown by five bronze groups, [233].
• Triptolemos (?), statue of Kyniskos converted into, [74].
• Troilos, dates of victories at Olympia, [300], [301];
  • statue at Olympia, [29], [121], [266], [298];
  • tablet from base of statue of, [299], [342].
• Trotting-race with mares (κάλπη), introduced at Olympia, [261];
  • why introduced, [282].
• Trumpeters, on Attic vases, [284];
  • bronze statuette of, from Sparta, [283];
  • contests of, introduced at Olympia, [283];
  • statues at Olympia, [283].
• Tuebingen bronze; see Tux bronze. Tui, wood statue of, in Louvre, [331].
• Tumblers, among Athenians, [5];
  • among Trojans, [5];
  • on shield of Achilles, [5].
• Turin, head of athlete in, [87];
  • marble head of Apollo in, [93];
  • Roman grave-stone from, [72].
• Tux bronze, statuette of hoplitodromos (?), in University Museum, Tuebingen, [28], [123], [164], [206], [207].
• Tyche, statue by Eutychides, at Antioch, [121].
• Types, various, of Olympic victor statues, [44], [99f]., [173f].; etc. Tyrannicides, the, group by Kritios and Nesiotes, [60], [148], [173f].;
  • break with law of “frontality,” [175];
  • as first examples of honor statues, [41];
  • group of, returned from Susa by Alexander, [173];
  • reconstruction of, from reliefs, vase-paintings, etc., [174];
  • represented on oinochoe in Boston, [175];
  • sculptors of, [173f]., [372];
  • Tyrannicides and Diskobolos compared, [183].
• Umpires, at Olympia, [149].
  • See also Hellanodikai.
• Uncritical judgments of ancient writers on art, [58].
• Uniformity, standard of, in physical development in fifth century B. C., [147f]. Urlichs, H. L. von, on pristae of Myron, [188];
  • on puer tenens tabellam of Pythagoras, [182].
• Urlichs, L. von, on mala ferens nudus, mentioned by Pliny, [182];
  • on puer tenens tabellam of Pythagoras, [182].
• Vaison Diadoumenos of Polykleitos, [152].
• Valerian, Roman emperor, [11].
• Vapheio, cups from, [4]. Varro, opinions of, on art, [60].
• Vase-paintings, showing poses of Olympic victor statues, [44].
• “Vatican athlete standing at rest,” so-called, [140].
• Veins, shown in Cretan art, [3], [4].
• Venator, statue of, by Euthykrates, [314].
• Ventnor head in British Museum, [89].
• Verona, grave-relief in, [72].
• Victor fillets, [52].
• Victor statues, assimilated to types of gods and heroes, [71f].;
  • bases of, from Altis, [43], [353f].;
  • carried off to Italy, [43];
  • dedication of, an old Greek custom, [99];
  • dedication at Olympia and elsewhere, [24f].;
  • distinguished from statues of gods and heroes, [71];
  • general characteristics of, [43f].;
  • groups of, in Altis, [300], [340];
  • hair-fashion of, [50f].;
  • life-size, examples of, [46];
  • materials of, [321f].;
  • in motion, [173f].;
  • nudity of, [47f].;
  • periegesis of, in the Altis, by Pausanias, [321];
  • positions of, in Altis, [339f]., [352];
  • remnants of, [43], [62f].;
  • at rest, [99f].;
  • set up at Olympia, long after victory, [32];
  • set up at Olympia, soon after victory, [31];
  • set up at Olympia by relatives of victor, by native city of victor, by fellow-citizens of victor, [30];
  • set up by trainers, [30];
  • set up outside Olympia, [361f].;
  • size of, [45f].;
  • statuaries of, [375];
  • two classes of, [99];
  • zones of, at Olympia, [340].
• Victor statuettes, set up at Olympia, [27], [28];
  • on Akropolis, [28].
• Victoria quadrigam in sublime rapiens, painting by Nikomachos, [268].
• Victors, special privileges of, at Rome, [33];
  • Victor certamine gymnico palmam tenens, painting of, by Eupompos, [160];
  • victor, represented as crowned, on chest of Kypselos, [13];
  • victor in wrestling and pankration on same day, called παράδοξος or παραδοξονίκης, [94];
  • victors at four national games, called περιοδονῖκαι, [361].
• Victory, of Paionios; see Paionios, Nike of;
  • zone of, at Olympia, [344], [355].
• Vincent, Edgar, head of athlete in Collection of, [156].
• Vinci, Leonardo da, on body proportions, [68].
• Visconti, on so-called Borghese Warrior, [209];
  • on Pliny’s “iconic” statues, [54].
• Viterbo, bull-grappling in province of, [5].
• Vitruvius, on analogy, rhythm, and symmetry, in Greek art, [66].
• Volneratus deficiens, the, statue by Kresilas, [199].
• Volomandra, “Apollo” from, [100], [104], [337].
• Volubilis, Morocco, French excavations at, [281].
• Votive offerings (ἀναθήματα), mentioned by Pausanias, [339];
  • victor monuments as, [37].
• Wace, A. J. B., on Parian marble male head in Turin, of athlete or Apollo, [93];
  • on Roman male head in Turin, resembling the Apoxyomenos of Lysippan school, [292].
• Waldstein (Walston), C., on appellation “Apollo” for early athlete statues, [335];
  • on bronze statue of youth found in sea off Antikythera, [81];
  • on Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [90], [179];
  • on the Strangford Apollo, [244];
  • on victor fillet, [149].
• Walking motive in sculpture, not Polykleitan in origin, [226].
• Walston, C.; see Waldstein, C. Warrior, or hoplitodromos, bronze head from Akropolis, [123].
• Washburn, O. M., on Delphi Charioteer, [277], [278].
• Wernicke, K., on Great Altar of Zeus at Olympia, [349].
• Westgraben, the, at Olympia, [358].
• Westmacott Athlete, the, [156f]., [158], [305].
• Wheels, four-spoked, one dedicated at Argos, [97];
  • tin-foil, dedicated at Olympia, [23].
• White, H. G. E., on two statuettes of diskoboloi from Akropolis, [221], [222].
• Wilamowitz, U. von (Wilamowitz-Moellendorf), on inscribed base of statue of Epicharinos on Akropolis, [372].
• Winckelmann, J., on character of Greek Art, [57];
  • on Jason of Louvre, [87].
• Wine-pourers, statues of, [144].
• Winged figures, represented in motion before sixth century B. C., [176f]. Winnefeld, H., on Westmacott Athlete statue type, [158].
• Winter, F., on Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [90];
  • on the Seated Boxer of Museo delle Terme, [147].
• Woelfflin, E., on nudus talo incessens of Polykleitos, [250], [251].
• Wolters, P., on bronze foot from Olympia, [255];
  • on Choiseul-Gouffier Apollo statue type, [90], [91];
  • on head of hoplitodrome, from Olympia, [163];
  • on inscribed base of the Agias, [292];
  • on Spinario, [201];
  • on Tux bronze, [207];
  • on use of bronze in Olympic victor statues, [321].
• Woman, statue of Muse type, from Andros, [71];
  • head in Louvre, [128].
• Women, admitted to chariot-race at Olympia, [49];
  • excluded from Olympia, [49];
  • victress statues of, draped, [48];
  • admitted to the Heraia, Olympia, [49].
• Worship of victors after death, [35].
• Wounded Amazon, statue in Capitoline Museum, [151].
• Wounded Man, the, statue of; see Volneratus deficiens. Wreath of leaves, as prize at various games. Wrestlers, attributes of statues of, [165];
  • bronze group of, in Paris, [232];
  • bronze statue in Naples, [99];
  • five copies of bronze group of, showing tripping, [233];
  • group of, on bronze bowl from Borsdorf, showing hand grip, [231], [232];
  • groups of, on cista handles, [232];
  • groups of, on Etruscan cista in Metropolitan Museum, [231];
  • group of, at Olympia (?), [233f].;
  • paintings of wrestlers by Naukeros, and by Antidotos, [233];
  • part of group of, found in sea off Antikythera, [232];
  • small bronze group of, in Loeb Collection, showing cross-buttocks, [232];
  • statues of, at Olympia, [234];
  • statues of, without special attributes, [170];
  • two bronze statues of, from Herculaneum showing front hold, [230], [231];
  • two groups of, on rim of bronze bowl, in Boston, [232].
• Wrestling (πάλη), [228f].;
  • bout between Theseus and Kerkyon, on metope of Theseion, [232];
  • cap used in, [166];
  • depicted on proto-Attic amphora, [13];
  • for boys, introduced at Olympia, [228];
  • at games of Patroklos, [8];
  • ground wrestling, on gems and vases, [248];
  • holds in, on vases (arm, body, front, neck, side, wrist), [229];
  • introduced at Olympia, [228];
  • oldest(?) of athletic sports, [228];
  • one of most popular sports, [228];
  • positions in, on various monuments, [229];
  • on r.-f. kylix, in Philadelphia, [230];
  • scenes in, on r.-f. vase, by Andokides, [230];
  • throws in, on vases (buttocks, cross-buttocks, flying mare, heave, tripping), [229];
  • two kinds of, upright (ὀρθὴ πάλη), ground (κύλισις), [228], [229];
  • victors in wrestling and pankration on same day, [93], [94];
  • on wall-paintings at Beni-Hasan, Egypt, [1], [228];
  • wrestling and boxing on Panathenaic amphora of Kittos, [248];
  • wrestling and boxing in pankration, [247];
  • wrestling and pankration contrasted, [246].
• Wunderer, C., on the Seated Boxer of Museo delle Terme, [147].
• Xanten, bronze statue of boy found in Rhine near, [276].
• Xanthos, Chimæra tomb at, [271].
• Xenodamos, statue at Antikythera, [369].
• Xenodikos, statue at Olympia, [279], [345].
• Xenokles, base of statue at Olympia, [234], [344];
  • copies of statue of, [228], [234];
  • motive of statue of, [138], [139];
  • statue at Olympia, by Polykleitos the Younger, [118].
• Xenokrates, of Akragas, chariot victor at Delphi, [267].
• Xenokrates, sculptor, [61].
• Xenombrotos, base of statue at Olympia, [345];
  • base of second statue at Olympia, [355];
  • portrait statue of, at Olympia, [54];
  • statue at Olympia, by Philotimos, [122], [264], [279];
  • two monuments of, at Olympia, [29].
• Xenophanes, philosopher, on dangerous character of pankration, [246];
  • on painful character of boxing, [235];
  • protest of, against reverencing victors, [36].
• Xenophon, historian, on athletics, [58], [59];
  • Symposium of, [59].
• Xenophon, of Aigion, statue at Olympia, [120], [343].
• Xerxes, carries off the Tyrannicides to Susa, [173];
  • sacks Akropolis, [271].
• Xoana (ξόανα), Daidalian, [328].
• Youth, bronze head of, from Akropolis, [114];
  • bronze head of, from Herculaneum, [95];
  • bronze statue of, found in sea off Antikythera, [80f]., [82f].;
  • Polykleitan statue of, crowning himself, [155];
  • youth with tablet, on Munich vase, [182].
• Zanes, statues of Zeus, so-called, near entrance to Stadion, at Olympia, [33], [34].
• Zenobios, [182].
• Zeus, contestants at Olympia sacrifice to, [11];
  • diadoumenos on throne of, at Olympia, [150], [151];
  • father of Herakles, [10];
  • games in honor of, at Argos, [285];
  • Great Altar of, at Olympia, [339], [349], [350], [351], [355];
  • Nemean games in honor of, [17];
  • as one of the gods presiding over contests, [75];
  • sculptures from pediments of temple of, at Olympia, [53], [113], [114];
  • site of Great Altar of, at Olympia, [348f].;
  • statues of Hyblæan, at Olympia, [344];
  • of Megarian, at Olympia, [344];
  • of Olympian, by Pheidias, [52];
  • of Platæan, at Olympia, [344];
  • of Zeus Ithomatas, [110], [111];
  • of Zeus παῖς, at Aigion, [111];
  • with short hair, [52];
  • temple of, at Olympia, [342], [344], [346], [347], [350], [351], [352], [353], [355], [356], [358], [359], [360];
  • throne of, at Olympia, described by Pausanias, [61];
  • worship of, at Olympia, later than that of Hera, [16];
  • wrestling match of, with Kronos, [14].
• Zeuxis, painter, [29].
• Zones, of victor statues at Olympia, [340];
  • of the Chariots, [345], [346];
  • of the (Eretrian) Bull, [343], [346];
  • of Telemachos, [345], [346];
  • of the Victory, [344], [346].