LIST OF PLATES

PLATE
1.	Mount Balfour and the Balfour Glacier in the Selkirks		[Frontispiece]
FACING PAGE
2.	A.	Layers compressed in experiments and showing the effect of a competent layer in the process of folding	[44]
	B.	Experimental production of a series of parallel thrusts within closely folded strata	[44]
	C.	Apparatus to illustrate shearing action within the overturned limb of a fold	[44]
3.	A.	An earthquake fault opened in Formosa in 1906 with vertical andlateral displacements combined	[72]
3.	B.	Earthquake faults opened in Alaska in 1889 on which verticalslices of the earth’s shell have undergone individual adjustments	[72]
4.	A.	Experimental tank to illustrate the earth movements which aremanifested in earthquakes. The sections of the earth’s shell arehere represented before adjustment has taken place	[82]
	B.	The same apparatus after a sudden adjustment	[82]
	C.	Model to illustrate a block displacement in rocks which are intersectedby master joints	[82]
5.	A.	Once wooded region in China now reduced to desert through deforestation	[156]
5.	B.	“Bad Lands” in the Colorado Desert	[156]
6.	A.	Barren Karst landscape near the famous Adelsberg grottoes	[188]
6.	B.	Surface of a limestone ledge where joints have been widened throughsolution	[188]
7.	A.	Ranges of dunes upon the margin of the Colorado Desert	[210]
7.	B.	Sand dunes encroaching upon the oasis of Oued Souf, Algeria	[210]
8.	A.	The granite needles of Harney Peak in the Black Hills of SouthDakota	[216]
8.	B.	Castellated erosion chimneys in El Cobra Cañon, New Mexico	[216]
9.	Map of the High Plains at the eastern front of the Rocky Mountains		[220]
10.	A.	View in Spitzbergen to illustrate the disintegration of rock underthe control of joints	[228]
10.	B.	Composite pattern of the joint structures within recent alluvialdeposits of the Syrian Desert	[228]
11.	A.	Ripple markings within an ancient sandstone	[232]
11.	B.	Wave breaking as it approaches the shore	[232]
12.	A.	V-shaped cañon cut in an upland recently elevated from the sea,San Clemente Island, California	[256]
12.	B.	A “hogback” at the base of the Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming	[256]
13.	A.	Precipitous front of the Bryant Glacier outlet of the Greenlandinland ice	[272]
13.	B.	Lateral stream beside the Benedict Glacier outlet, Greenland	[272]
14.	View of the margin of the Antarctic continental glacier in KaiserWilhelm Land		[282]
15.	A.	An Antarctic ice foot with boat party landing	[290]
15.	B.	A near view of the front of the Great Ross Barrier, Antarctica	[290]
16.	A.	Incised topography within the “driftless area”	[300]
16.	B.	Built-up topography within the glaciated region	[300]
17.	A.	Soled glacial bowlders which show differently directed striæ uponthe same facet	[306]
	B.	Perched bowlder upon a striated ledge of different rocktype, Bronx Park, New York	[306]
	C.	Characteristic knob and basin surface of a moraine	[306]
18.	A.	Fretted upland of the Alps seen from the summit of Mount Blanc	[372]
18.	B.	Model of the Malaspina Glacier and the fretted upland above it	[372]
19.	A.	Contour map of a grooved upland, Bighorn Mountains, Wyoming	[372]
19.	B.	Contour map of a fretted upland, Philipsburg Quadrangle, Montana	[372]
20.	Map of the surface modeled by mountain glaciers in the Sierra Nevadasof California		[376]
21.	A.	View of the Harvard Glacier, Alaska, showing the characteristicterraces	[394]
21.	B.	The terminal moraine at the foot of a mountain glacier	[394]
22.	A.	Model of the vicinity of Chicago, showing the position of theoutlet of the former Lake Chicago	[400]
22.	B.	Map of Yosemite Falls and its earlier site near Eagle Peak	[400]
23.	A.	View of the American Fall at Niagara, showing the accumulationof blocks beneath	[414]
23.	B.	Crystal Lake, a landslide lake in Colorado	[414]
24.	A.	Apparatus for exercise in the preparation of topographic maps	[468]
	B.	The same apparatus in use for testing the contours of a map	[468]
	C.	Modeling apparatus in use	[468]