VOCABULARY
[A], [B], [C], [CH], [D], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [L], [LL], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [U], [V], [Y], [Z]
á, to, for, in, by, at, during, upon; — lo que, according to what.
abad, m., abbot.
abadesa, abbess.
abajo, down, below, down stairs; — á, down upon; más —, farther down.
abandonar, to abandon, release, give (up), leave, desert.
abanicar, to fan.
abarcar, to encompass, take in.
abatido, dejected, low.
abatir, to cast down, humble, lower.
abeja, bee.
abejaruco, bee-eater (a bird).
abierto (p. p. of abrir), open(ed).
abigarrado, speckled, mottled, variegated.
abismo, abyss, gulf.
ablandar, to soften.
abnegación, f., abnegation, self-denial.
abogado, advocate, lawyer.
abordar, to board, attack.
aborrecedor, -a, detester.
aborrecible, hateful, detestable.
abrasar, to burn; abrasando, burning hot; abrasado, burning.
abrazar, to embrace; —se, to cling to; abrazado con, locked in an embrace with.
abrazo, embrace.
abreviar, to abridge, shorten.
abril, m., April.
abrir, to open; en un — y cerrar de ojos, in a twinkling; — en canal, to cut open, punish severely.
abrumar, to oppress, overwhelm.
absolutamente, absolutely.
absolver (ue), to absolve, acquit.
absorber, to absorb.
absorto (irr. p. p. of absorber), absorbed.
abstinencia, abstinence.
abuelita (dim. of abuela), beloved grandmother.
abuelo, -a, grandfather, grandmother; ancestor; old man, old woman.
abundancia, abundance.
abundante, abundant, copious.
aburrir, to weary, bore.
abuso, abuse.
acá, here; desde entonces —, since then; por —, here, this way; — abajo, down here.
acabar, to end, finish; — de, to have finished, have just; —se, to grow feeble, be near the end; y esto se acabó, and this settles it; ¡acabáramos de una vez! is that all!; algo que no acaba de llegar, something that does not come.
acaecer, to happen; lo acaecido, what had happened.
acaecimiento, event.
acalorar, to overheat, inflame.
acariciar, to caress.
acaso, perhaps, perchance.
acceder, to accede, yield.
accesible, accessible.
acceso, access.
acción, f., action, power (of motion).
acusación, f., accusation.
acebuche, m., wild olive tree.
acéfalo, acephalous, without a head.
aceite, m., oil.
aceituna, olive, olive-crop.
acelerado, quickened.
acento, accent, voice.
aceptar, to accept.
acerca (in La Leva) = cerca; — de, about.
acercar, to bring near; —se, to approach.
acero, steel.
acertado, proper, fit.
acertar (ie), to happen (unexpectedly), hit the mark, succeed, say anything opportunely, guess; sin — con las excusas,, unable to utter an apology.
acicalarse, to dress (in style).
acoger, to receive.
acometer, to attack, defy.
acomodar, to find acommodations, shelter, lay, suit, adjust.
acomodo, employment, shelter, acommodation.
acompañante, m. or f., companion.
acompañar (de), to accompany (by).
acompasado, regular, rythmical.
acongojado, distressed, dismayed.
aconsejar, to advise.
acontecer, to happen.
acontecimiento, event.
acordar (ue), to decide; —se (de), to remember.
acostar (ue), to put to bed; —se, to go to bed.
acostumbrado, customary; más de lo —, more than usual.
acostumbrar (á), to be in the habit (of), be accustomed (to).
acre, sharp, bitter.
acribillar, to riddle, cover with wounds.
actitud, f., attitude.
activísimo (from activo), very active, industrious.
activo, active.
acto, act; — continuo, immediately.
actuar, to move, take part.
acuático, aquatic.
acuchillar, to cut, hack; —se, to fight with knives.
acudir, to run to, hasten (to help).
acusación, f., accusation, charge.
acusar, to accuse.
achaque, m., defect, matter.
achicharrar, to burn (to a crisp).
adarme, m., dram (in avoirdupois weight); dos —s de imaginación, a spark of imagination.
adecuado, adequate, fit.
adelantarse, to advance, approach; — cada vez más á, to gain more and more on.
adelante, forward; en —, henceforth; seguir —, to walk on; por la mesa —, across the table.
ademán, m., gesture, movement, attitude.
además (de), moreover, besides.
adentro, within; para mis —s, to myself.
adherente, adherent, adjoined.
adherir (ie), to be fastened, united (to).
adiós, good-bye.
adivinar, to divine, guess, conjecture, understand.
adivino, fortune-teller.
adminículos, trimmings, tools, "extras."
administrador, m., manager.
administrar, to administer.
admirablemente, marvellously.
admiración, f., sudden surprise, wonder, admiration.
admirar, to surprise, astonish, make one wonder; admire; —se (de), to marvel (at).
admitir, to receive, give entrance, admit; associate.
adolescencia, adolescence.
adonde, where.
adoptar, to adopt, approve.
adorar, to adore, worship.
Adoracuernos, prop. noun (lit., worships bull-fights).
adormecer, to lull asleep.
adornar, to adorn.
adorno, ornament, adornment.
adosar (á), to lean, rest, stand (against).
adquirir, to acquire, come by, obtain, take possession (of).
adquisividad, f., acquisitiveness, thrift.
aduana, custom-house.
adular, to flatter.
adulto, adult, grown up.
adusto, gloomy, sullen.
advertencia, warning.
advertir (ie), to inform, warn, take notice, notice, state; ¡adviértase! take notice!
adyacente, adjacent.
aerólito, aerolite.
afamado, famous.
afán, m., pains, efforts, anxiety, eagerness (for).
afanado, busy, eager.
afanar, to toil, work; tú has afanado eso, you have carried that off.
afanoso, anxious.
afectación, f., affectation.
afecto, affection.
afeitarse, to shave; ¡por estas que me afeito! by my beard!
aferrado, fastened; — á la silla, clinging to the saddle.
afición, f., affection, inclination; por — á, through love for.
aficionadísimo (from aficionado) (á), very fond (of), devoted(to).
aficionado, amateur; muy — al toreo, a great amateur in the art of fighting bulls.
afirmar, to affirm, assure.
aflicción, f., grief, anguish.
aflictivo, distressing.
afligido, afflicted, wretched.
aflojarse, to loosen.
afluir, to stream, flow.
aforismo, aphorism, saying.
afrenta, dishonor.
afueras, f. pl., suburbs.
agarrar, to grasp, seize, take hold (of).
agasajo, kindness, caress, politeness; hacer —, to show politeness, give a kindly reception.
ágil, quick, nimble.
agitado, excited.
agitar, to agitate, move, shake; —se, to be busy, writhe, move.
agobiado, exhausted.
agonía, suffering, death struggle.
agonizar, to be dying.
agosto, August.
agotado, exhausted.
agraciado, graceful.
agradable, agreeable, pleasant.
agradar, to please.
agradecer, to appreciate, be thankful (for).
agradecido, grateful.
agradecimiento, gratitude.
agrado, liking; sin buscarlo halla el —, without trying to causes pleasure; de buen —, with (great) pleasure.
agravar, to aggravate; —se, to grow worse.
agravio, grievance, affront, injury.
agregar (ie), to add.
agresor, -a, aggressor.
agrietar, to crack.
agrupar(se), to group, come (or draw) together.
agua, f., water; pl., waters, stream; —s vivas, running water.
aguachirle, m., poor excuse for wine; slops.
aguantar, to bear, suffer.
aguar, to mix with water.
aguardar, to wait for; — á que, to wait until.
aguardiente, m., brandy (or any distilled liquor); — de caña, rum.
agudísimo (from agudo), sharpest, very keen.
agudo, acute, sharp.
aguileño, aquiline.
agüiña (dim. of agua), water.
aguja, needle.
agujero, hole; — de la llave, key-hole.
ah! ah! oh!
ahí, there; por —, there, yonder; — dentro, in there.
ahogarse, to drown, be drowned; — de, to be suffocated with.
ahora, now, now-a-days; — mismo, now, at once, this very moment; no es de —, this is not the first time.
ahorcar, to hang.
ahorrar, to save, economize.
ahumado, smoked, burned, smoke-stained.
ahuyentar, to put to flight.
aire, m., air, wind, breeze.
airecito (dim.), little air.
aislado, isolated, lone.
ajeno, belonging to another; lo —, that which belongs to another.
ajimez, m., arched window (with a pillar in the center).
al = á el, (before an inf.) on, in (doing something).
ala, wing.
alabar, to praise.
alabastro, alabaster.
alambre, m., wire.
alameda, (public) promenade or avenue (lined with shade trees, generally the álamo, poplar. Hence the name. There is generally an alameda in the Southern-Spanish and the Spanish-American cities).
alargar, to hold out, reach, hand, lengthen.
alarido, outcry, shriek.
alarma, alarm.
alarmado, alarmed.
alba, f., dawn; así que el — despuntó, at day-break.
albor, m., dawning.
alborotado, rebellious, disorderly.
alborotador, -a, rioter, disturber of peace.
alborotar, to disturb, cause disorder or disturbance; —se, to be (become) excited.
alboroto, disturbance, tumult, noisiness.
alborozar, to rejoice, enliven; alborozado, enlivened, joyous.
alcalde, m., justice of the peace, magistrate, mayor.
alcanzado, needy; salir (estar) —, to be in debt, short in one's accounts.
alcanzar, to reach, overtake, attain, obtain, succeed, manage (á, in, to,); que no ha de —, that is not for you.
alcázar, m. (of Arabic origin), castle.
alcé, pret. of alzar.
alcoba, bedroom.
aldaba, knocker (on a door).
aldabonazo (aug. + azo: cf. H. F. Gr. § 205), blow with the knocker, knock.
aldea, small village, hamlet.
alegar, to allege, cite.
alegrarse (de), to be glad, happy; ¡cuánto me alegro! how glad I am!
alegre, merry, happy.
alegría, merriment, joy; Alegría, prop. noun.
alejar, to remove; —se, to go away, retreat, retire; —se más, to remove to a greater distance.
alemán, -a, German.
alentar (ie), to breathe.
alerce, m., larch-wood.
alerta, vigilant(ly); estar ojo —, to be watchful.
alerto, watchful.
aletear, m., flutter, toy(ing).
alevosamente, treacherously.
alfombra, carpet.
algarabía, jargon, confused noise.
algazara, merriment, shouting, turmoil.
algo, something, somewhat; — más, later.
algún(o), -a, some, any, some one, any one; — tanto, somewhat.
alianza, alliance, relationship.
Alicante, prop. noun (the town of Alicante, with a population of about 40,000, is the capital of the province of Alicante, on the southeastern coast of Spain).
alícuota; parte —, equal share.
alienado, insane (person).
aliento, breath; pl., courage.
alimentación, f., act of nourishing, food.
alimentar, to nourish.
alimento, food.
alita (dim.), little wing.
alivio, improvement; tener —, to show improvement.
alma, soul, human being; hija de mi —, my darling.
almacén, m., warehouse.
almena, crenelated battlement.
almendra, almond.
almidonar, to starch.
almohada, pillow, cushion.
almorzar (ue), to breakfast.
alojado, residing.
alojamiento, lodging, quarters.
alojarse, to lodge, stop.
alpargatas, shoes or sandals made of hemp.
alquitrán, m., tar.
alrededor, around, about; á su —, around (him).
altamente, highly.
altanería; con —, haughtily.
altanero, haughty.
altar, m.; — mayor, high altar.
Altavilla, prop. noun (lit., High town).
alterar, to alter, change, disturb; —se, to be disturbed.
alternado, alternating, recurrent.
alternativa, alternative; —s traidoras, treacherous turns.
alternativamente, alternately.
alteza, height.
alto, high, tall, loud; lo —, above, height, top; — el fuego, see fuego; en —, high, aloft; — sentido, deep meaning.
altura, height, latitude; á la — de, as high as, as far north as.
alubia, kidney-bean.
alucinación, f., hallucination.
aludir, to allude.
alumbrar, to light.
alumno, disciple.
alzar, to lift, raise; —se con el cargo, to take (upon oneself) the office.
allá, there; — dentro, in there; lo de más —, the other; — abajo, down there; — arriba, above, up there.
allí, there; por —, thereabouts, over there.
amable, lovable, pleasing, amiable.
amado, beloved.
amagar, to threaten.
amanecer, to dawn; be at day-break; al —, at day-break; amanezcan, may find themselves at day-break.
amante, m. or f., lover.
amar, to love.
amargarse, to become bitter.
amargura, bitterness, pain.
amarillo, yellow, pallid; amarillas, gold coins.
amarra, martingale, strap.
amarrar, to tie, fasten.
ámbito, space, extent.
ambos, -as, both, the two; por ambas partes, on either side.
ambulante, movable, walking.
amén, amen, so be it.
amenaza, threat.
amenazador, -a, threatening.
amenazar, to threaten.
amenículos = adminículos.
amigo, -a, friend; ser — de, to be fond of, like.
amigote (aug. of amigo), great friend, chum.
aminorarse, to diminish.
amistad, f., friendship.
amo, -a, landlord, landlady, proprietor, master, mistress, owner.
amoldar, to mould, shape.
amontonar, to pile up, crowd together.
amor, m., affection, love; pl., love affairs; — propio (de), self-love (as a), conceit (as a).
amorcito (dim.), cupid.
amoroso, affectionate.
amortiguar(se), to calm, soften.
amotinarse, to rebel, rise against authority.
amparar, to help, protect, shelter.
amparo, protection.
Ana, Anne; Santa —, Saint Anne (the mother of the Virgin Mary).
análogo, analogous, similar.
anaranjado, orange-colored.
anatómico, anatomical.
anciano, -a, old man, old woman; adj., old.
ancla, anchor.
ancho, width; adj., wide, broad.
andar(se), to walk, go about; — (+ p. p.), to be; ¡anda! of course! come! please! ¿quién anda ahí? who is there? anda á, go and; ¡andando! let us go!; andaba en los cuarenta, was some forty years of age.
andrajoso, ragged.
Andrea, Andrew.
anduve, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of andar.
anfitrión, m., amphitryon, host.
ángel, m., angel, (dead) child; — de Dios, innocent little thing; — de la guarda, guardian angel.
angélicamente, angelically.
angelito (dim.), little angel.
angeluco (from ángel), poor innocent.
angelus, angelus (an evening devotion).
angostísimo (from angosto), very narrow.
angosto, narrow.
ángulo, angle, corner.
angustia, anguish, agony, distress.
angustioso, miserable, troubled, anxious.
anhelante, anxious, longing.
anhelo, longing, eagerness (for).
anidarse, to build a nest; dwell.
anillo, ring.
ánima, soul, spirit; pl., spirits; evening bells (inviting to prayer for the souls in purgatory).
animado, animated, bright, quick, lively.
animadísimo, (from animado), most animated.
animal, m., animal, brute.
animalejeño, -a, inhabitant of Animalejos.
Animalejos, prop. noun (lit., small animals).
animalejuense, m. or f., inhabitant or native of Animalejos.
animalillo (dim.), little animal.
animalito (dim.), little animal.
animar, to animate, excite, encourage; revive, comfort.
ánimo, mind, spirit, soul; courage; con —, boldly.
aniversario, anniversary.
anochecer, to grow dark; el —, nightfall.
anonadar(se), to vanish.
ansia, eagerness, longing, ardent desire.
ansiedad, f., anxiety.
ansiosamente, anxiously.
ansioso, anxious, eager.
ante, before, in the presence of.
antecedente, m., antecedent; pl., previous conduct.
antemano; de —, beforehand.
antena, yard(arm).
antepecho; puerta de —, window (opening on hinges like a door, but not coming down to the floor).
anterior, former, preceding.
anteriormente,, previously, before.
antes, formerly, before, but rather; — de, before, rather than.
antiguamente, in olden times, formerly.
antiguo, old, antique; former.
antipatía, aversion, hatred.
antipático, disagreeable, unfeeling.
antojar(se) (used only in the third person), to desire, fancy; que se me antojaran, that I might desire.
antojo, strong desire, longing, pleasure, whim.
Antonio, Anthony or Antony; San — de Padua, Saint Antony of Padua (b. at Lisbon, 1195; d. at Padua, 1231; the patron saint of animals).
antorcha, torch.
anudar, to knot, tie together, fasten.
anunciar, to announce.
anzuelo, (fish-) hook.
añadir, to add.
añagaza, allurement.
añejo, old (said of wine).
añil,, m., indigo.
año, year; por los —s, about the year; ¿cuántos —s tiene usted? how old are you?
apagar, to extinguish, drown (the voice); —se, to die away.
apandar, to steal, rob, pilfer, "swipe."
aparato; con —, with indication.
aparecer, to appear.
aparejado (á), ready (for).
aparejar, to rig (a boat).
aparejo, tackle; rigging; — de pescar, fishing-tackle.
aparentar, to feign, appear.
aparente, feigned, not real.
aparición, f., apparition.
apartar(se), to leave, turn away, separate.
aparte, apart, separate.
apearse, to dismount.
apelmazado, hard, soggy (as bread).
apellido, family name.
apenas (si), hardly, scarcely; as soon as.
apercibirse (de), to perceive.
apesadumbrado, sad; que la tenía —a, that made her sad.
apestar, to smell.
apilar, to pile up.
apiñado, crowded together, dense (as a crowd).
aplacar, to appease, calm.
aplastar, to crush.
aplaudir, to favor, applaud.
aplauso, applause.
aplicar, to apply, put, hold (one thing to another).
apoderarse (de), to take possession (of), seize.
apodo, nickname.
apogeo, apogee, culmination.
apologista, m. or f., apologist (defender of the divine origin of Christianity).
apoplegía, apoplexy.
apoplético, apoplectic.
aposentador, m., quartermaster; sargento —, quartermaster-sergeant.
apostar (ue), to wager, bet.
apóstol, m., apostle, messenger.
apostrofar, to apostrophize.
apóstrofe, m., apostrophe.
apoyar, to corroborate, confirm; second; —se, to lean, rest upon, lay stress upon.
apreciar, to appreciate.
aprehensión, f., seizure, apprehension, fear.
aprehensor, -a, captor.
apremiante, pressing.
aprender (á), to learn.
aprendiz, m., apprentice.
aprensión, f., seizure, fear.
apresuradamente, quickly, hastily.
apretar (ie), to tighten, press, squeeze, hasten, increase the speed (of machinery).
aprisa, quickly.
aprobar (ue), to approve.
apropiado, appropriate.
aprovechar, to profit by, make use of.
aprovisionar, to provide.
aproximarse, to approach.
apto, apt, fit.
apuesto, elegant, genteel.
apuntar, to point out, hint; aim; make a note of, mark.
apuñalear, to stab.
apurar, to drain, worry; —se, to grieve, be afflicted; — el paso, to hasten one's steps.
apuro, difficulty, trouble, strait; salir de —s, to get out of difficulties.
aquel, aquella, that; aquél, aquélla, aquello, pron., that.
aqueste, -a, this; aquéste, -a, aquesto, pron., this.
aquí, here; — mismo, right here; de — para allí, here and there, from one place to another.
árabe, Arab.
arado, plow.
arandela, socket-pan.
árbitro, master, arbiter.
árbol, m., tree.
arboladura, rigging, masts.
arboleda, trees, grove.
arcabucear, to shoot with an arquebus; to shoot (a criminal for punishment).
arcilla, argil, clay (for earthen-ware).
arco, arch, bow.
arcón, m., large chest.
archivo, archives.
arder, to burn.
ardiente, burning, fiery, ardent.
ardor, m., spirit, ardor, fire.
ardoroso, fiery.
arena, sand; pl., sand.
arenal, m., sandy ground.
arenisco, sandy.
arenoso, sandy, covered with sand.
argamasa, mortar, cement.
Argel, Algiers (on the northern coast of Africa; capital of the French colony of Algeria).
Argos, Argus (the mythological being with a hundred eyes, who wot charged by Juno to watch Io; hence, a "sharp-sighted person").
aria, aria, air, tune.
arisco, shy.
arma, weapon, arm.
armar, to arm, man, stir up, provoke, put up, fit out (a boat); —se, to arise.
armario, closet, cupboard.
armero, armourer, gun-smith.
armonía, harmony.
armonioso, harmonious, regular.
arnés, m., harness.
arqueólogo, archaeologist.
arrancar (á), to uproot, snatch, pull off or out, start off, draw, tear out; — á correr, to start on a run.
arrancharse, to camp.
arrasar, to fill (a glass); arrasados los ojos en lágrimas, (one's) eyes filled with tears.
arrastrar, to drag, creep, drive; —se, to drag oneself, crawl.
arreador, m., muleteer, carter.
arrebujarse, to wrap oneself up.
arrecife, m., reef, shoal.
arreglar(se), to arrange, manage; se las arreglan, they manage.
arreglo; con — á, according to.
arremedar, to imitate.
arremolinarse, to whirl about (as a windmill), gather together (as a mob).
arrepentimiento, repentance, remorse.
arrepentirse (ie), to repent.
arriba, above, up, upstairs; de — abajo, from end to end, up and down.
arrimar, to approach, draw near, bring near; con sólo —le á la nariz, by merely holding to his nose; arrimad(it)a á la iglesia, very pious.
arrinconado, rejected.
arrobamiento, rapture, delight.
arrodajarse, to sit down (on the floor or ground); arrodajado, squatting.
arrodillarse, to kneel.
arrogante, haughty, commanding, proud.
arrojar, to throw.
arropar, to clothe.
arroyo, brook, "creek."
arruga, wrinkle.
arrugado, wrinkled.
arruinarse, to be ruined, fall into ruin; habré de arruinarme, I shall be ruined.
arsenal, m., dock-yard.
arte, m. or f., art.
artesa, trough, tub.
artículo, article.
artista, m. or f., artist.
arzobispo, archbishop.
asaltar, to assault, fall upon, attack.
asalto, assault.
asamblea, assembly.
asar, to roast, broil; — á contribuciones, to roast with taxes, i.e., tax to death.
ascenso, promotion.
asco, nausea, repugnance.
ascua, red-hot coal; pasar sobre —s, to be uneasy, be "on pins and needles."
aseado, neat, tidy.
asedio, siege, attack.
asegurar, to assure.
asemejarse, to resemble.
asentimiento, assent, consent.
aserto, assertion.
asesinar, to assassinate.
asesino, assassin.
así, so, thus, in this way, even if; — es que, so, therefore; ser —, to be like that; — como, just as; así que, as soon as, so that.
asiento, seat.
asilo, asylum, refuge.
asistente, m., servant, orderly.
asociado, member, associate.
asomado, appearing, looking out.
asomar(se), to show, appear, come, become visible, begin to appear; — á, to peep from.
asombrar, to astonish; —se (de), to be astonished (at).
asombro; con —, to the amazement.
asombroso, wonderful.
aspecto, aspect.
áspero, harsh, rigid, severe.
aspirar, to aspire.
asta, horn, antler.
astillero, shipyard.
astrólogo, astrologer.
asumir, to assume, arrogate.
asunto, affair, business, subject; pl., business affairs.
asustado, frightened, terrified.
asustarse, to be frightened.
atajar, to stop, put a stop to.
atañer, to concern, affect, touch.
ataque, m., attack; — de nervios, nervous attack.
atar, to tie, fasten.
ataúd, m., coffin.
atemorizado, daunted, terror-stricken.
atención, f., attention.
atender (ie), to attend, listen, pay attention.
atenerse, to adhere, hold to.
atentado, offence, transgression.
atentamente, attentively.
atento (á), attentive (to), bent (upon), watching.
aterecío = aterecido, benumbed with cold.
aterrado, terrified.
Atlante, Atlas, Atlante (figure of a man used as a column to support an entablature).
Atlántico, Atlantic Ocean.
atmósfera, atmosphere, air.
atolondrado, stunned, in consternation; thoughtless, confused.
atolondrarse, to be stunned.
atónito, astonished.
atracar, to lie alongside of, moor; —se, to stuff oneself (with food and drink).
atraer (á), to draw, attract (to, toward), bring down (upon).
atrajo, pret. of atraer.
atrancar, to bar.
atrapar, to catch, nab.
atrás, backwards, behind, back.
atravesar (ie), to cross, pass through.
atreverse (á), to dare, make bold.
atrevido, bold, daring, fearless.
atribuir, to attribute, ascribe, charge to.
atribulado, afflicted, worried, distressed.
atrocidad, f., atrocity.
atrofiar(se), to waste away.
atronador, -a, thundering, deafening.
atronar (ue), to make a deafening noise (like thunder).
atroz, atrocious.
aturdido, thoughtless.
aturdimiento, perturbation, stupefaction.
audaz, fearless, valient.
auditorio, audience.
augusto, grand, imposing, venerable, sacred.
aumentar, to increase.
aumento, increase; seguir en —, to continue to increase.
aun or aún, even, yet, still; ni aun, not even.
aunque, although, even if.
ausencia, absence.
austeridad, f., austerity, severity.
austero, stern.
auto de fe, auto de fe (better known by the Portuguese name, auto da fe: a ceremony that used to take place in Spain, in which heretics were publicly punished, or even burned, together with their heretical writings), great fire.
autómata, m., automaton.
autor, -a, author, authoress; — de mis días, my father.
autoridad, f., authority.
autoritario, domineering.
autorizar, to authorize.
auxiliar, auxiliar, assistant.
auxilio, aid, assistance.
avance, m., advance, attack.
Avangelios = Evangelios.
avanzar, to advance.
avaro, miser.
ave, f., bird; — nocturna, night-bird (the owl, etc.).
avecilla (dim. of ave), little bird.
aventura, adventure.
aventurar(se), to venture.
avergonzado, ashamed.
avergonzar (üe), to fill with shame, put to shame.
averiar, to damage, spoil.
averiguar, to ascertain, find out, inquire, pry.
Averno (= Avernus, a lake near Naples, famous for its poisonous vapors and supposed by the ancients to be connected with the infernal regions), Hades.
avidez, f., greed; con —, eagerly.
avisar, to advise, inform, give notice.
avispa, wasp.
avivar, to enliven, stir up (as a fire).
¡ay! interj. (expressing grief or pain), oh! ah! alas!
ayer, yesterday; — noche, last night.
ayudar (á), to help, assist.
ayunar, to fast.
ayuno, fasting; adj., ignorant.
ayuntamiento, city council, municipal government.
azabache, m., jet.
azorado, terrified, trembling, agitated.
azotar, to whip, beat.
azote, m., lash, blow, whip; que daba —s en cierta parte, who was spanking.
azul, blue; — turquí, dark blue.
azulado, blue, bluish.
azumbre, f., (a liquid measure = about) two quarts.
bacalao, codfish.
Baco, Bacchus (the god of wine).
báculo, staff.
bachiller, m., bachelor (one who has obtained a degree in the instituto or colegio); — en humanidades, Bachelor of Arts.
bagaje, m., baggage; pl., baggage (of an army).
bahía, bay.
bailar, to dance.
baile, m., dance, ball.
baja, fall (of price).
bajar, to descend, cast down, lower; —se, to stoop down; al —, when going down.
bajito (dim. of bajo), low, in a low voice, under; small.
bajo, low; por lo —, in an undertone.
bala, ball, bullet.
balancear(se), to balance, sway.
balaustrada, balustrade.
balazo, shot, bullet-wound.
balcón, m., balcony.
balconcillo (dim.), little balcony.
Baleares, Balearic Islands (east of, and belonging to Spain).
balsa, pool.
banco, bench.
bandada, swarm, flock.
bandera, flag, banner.
bandido, bandit.
bando, proclamation.
bandolero, highwayman.
banqueta, stool with three legs.
bañar, to bathe.
báquico, bacchanalian.
barajar, to jumble together, frustrate, ward off.
barandilla, balustrade.
baratijas, pl., trifles, toys.
barato, cheap; meter á —, to undo, spoil, ruin.
baraúnda, confusion, hurly-burly.
barba, chin, beard; — del maíz, tassel of Indian corn.
barbaridad, f., barbarity, foolish act or thing.
bárbaro, barbarous.
barbarote, -a (aug. of bárbaro), great savage.
barbaruelense, m. or f., inhabitant of Barbaruelo.
Barbaruelo, prop. noun (lit., little Barbarian).
barbudo, with a long beard.
barca, boat, bark.
barco, bark, ship; — de guerra, man-of-war.
barítono, baritone.
barquilla, cock-boat, small boat (used on rivers and near the seacoast).
barquillo (dim. of barco), small boat.
Barquillo, prop. noun.
barra, bar, tiller.
barranco, ravine.
barreño, tub.
barrer, to sweep (away).
barrera, barrier.
barrio, quarter, ward, suburb.
barro, clay.
basca, nausea, disgust, loathsomeness.
base, f., basis, base.
bastante, enough, quite, rather.
bastar, to suffice; ¡basta! that will do! enough!
basto, of coarse or inexpensive material.
bastón, m., cane, walking-stick.
bastoncillo (dim. of bastón), little cane.
batalla, battle.
batallón, m., batallion.
batir, to beat, stir; — las palmas, to clap one's hands.
batista, batiste.
bautismo, baptism.
bautizar, to baptize, christen; mix water with wine.
bautizo, baptism, christening.
bayeta, flannel.
bayoneta, bayonet.
beato, blessed, devotee; beatas y ratas, women who haunt the church.
bebedor, -a, toper.
beber, to drink; y bébelos, and she spends them for drink.
bebida, drink.
becerro, calf.
Becerro, prop. noun.
Belén, Bethlehem.
belleza, beauty; Suma Belleza, highest beauty.
Bellini, prop. noun (an Italian composer).
bello, beautiful.
bellota, acorn.
bendecido, p. p. of bendecir.
bendecir, to bless.
bendición, f., blessing.
bendiga, pr. subj. of bendecir.
bendijo, pret. of bendecir.
bendito, irr. p. p. of bendecir.
beneficio, benefit; en —, for the benefit.
benéfico, kind.
benevolencia, benevolence.
Benito, Benedict.
berengena, egg-plant.
berlina, open carriage.
bermejo, red.
bermellón, vermilion.
berro, water-cress.
berza, cabbage, kale.
besar, to kiss.
beso, kiss.
bestia, beast, brute, animal.
bestial, revolting, disgusting.
besugo, seabream or red gilt-head (a fish common to the Bay of Biscay).
biblia, bible; — Sacra, Holy Bible.
bíblico, biblical.
biblioteca, library.
bien, m., goodness, welfare, benefit; hombre de —, honest man; pl., property, possessions.
bien, well, very; si —, although, even if; — que, although; — se lo dije yo, I was right when I told him.
bienaventurado, blessed.
bienaventuranza, heavenly bliss.
bienhechor, -a, benefactor, benefactress.
bienquisto (-quisto = irr. p. p. of querer), beloved.
bigote, m., mustache.
bilis, f., bile.
billar, m., billiards, billiard-room.
billete, m., note; — de Banco, bank-note; — de lotería, lottery ticket.
birlar (á), to snatch (from), cheat (out of).
bizarro, gallant, brave, stately, beautiful.
bizco, cross-eyed, squinting.
bizcocho, biscuit.
blandengue, m. (coll.), easy-going person, "softy."
blandir, to brandish.
blando, soft.
blasfemia, blasphemy.
blusa, blouse.
boca, mouth; — arriba, (lying) on one's back; — calle, f., opening or end of a street.
boda, marriage.
bodega, wine-cellar, store-room.
bofetada, blow (on the face), buffet.
boga, ox-eyed cackerel (a fish).
boina, cap (the flat one worn in the Basque provinces).
boldo, boldu (peumus boldus, a fragrant, ever-green shrub of Chile).
bolina, bow-line; "Bolina," "Closehauled" (as a nickname).
bolita (dim.), small ball.
bolsa, purse, bag.
bolsillo, pocket.
bomba, bomb.
bonachón, -a (aug.), kindly, good-natured.
bondad, f., kindness.
bondadoso, kind.
bonitamente, dexterously.
bonito, pretty, fine.
borbotón, m.; á —es, in torrents, in clouds (as smoke).
borde, m., edge.
bordo, side of a ship; á —, on board.
borracho, drunk; intoxicated person.
borrachón, -a (aug.), drunkard, tippler.
borrar, to erase, efface.
borrasca, tempest.
borrascoso, stormy, wild.
borrico, donkey.
bosque, m., woods.
bosquejo, sketch.
bota, boot; ponerse las —s, to be enriched.
bote, m., small boat, yawl.
botella, bottle.
botellita (dim.), small bottle.
botón, m., button; echar los —es, to fasten the buttons, sew on buttons.
bou (lit. ox, in the Valencian dialect), m.; barcas del —, fishing-boats that the oxen pull into the water (when launched by the oxen, these boats set out in pairs, each pair letting out a net).
bóveda, vault.
bramar, to groan, roar, cry.
Braulio, proper noun.
bravo, angry, fierce.
brazo, arm, clutch; del —, on the arm.
bregar, to struggle.
breñal, m., craggy ground overgrown with brambles; por aquellos —es, through the thicket.
breva, (early) green fig.
breve, brief, short.
bribón, -a, rascal, impostor; la muy bribona, the wretched woman; ¡bribona! you wretch!
bribonaza (aug.), impudent impostor, great wretch.
brigada, brigade; general de —, brigadier general.
brigadier, m., brigade-officer.
brillante, bright, shining, brilliant.
brillar, to shine.
brillo, resplendence, brightness.
brincar, to jump, bound.
brinco, leap; dar —s, to gambol, leap (por, over).
brindar, to drink a toast, pledge.
brindis, m., toast.
brío(s), manliness, valor, spirit.
brioso, spirited.
brisa, breeze; — marina, sea-breeze.
brocado, brocade.
brocha, brush.
brochazo, stroke (of a brush).
broma, jest; echar á —, to take as a jest.
bromista, m., merry fellow; amigo —, a mischievous friend.
bromita (dim.), little jest.
bronce, m., bronze.
brotar, to gush, flow; flash.
bruces; de —, with the face downward; estaba de — sobre, was looking over.
bruja, witch, hag; ¡—! you hag!
brujona (aug.), horrible old witch; ¡—! you horrible old witch!
bruñir, to burnish.
bruscamente, abruptly, hastily, suddenly.
brusco, rude, hard, jolting.
brutalidad, f., brutality, rudeness.
bruto, stupid, dull.
buenaventura, good luck, prediction of fortune-tellers; hacer la —, to tell fortune.
buen(o), good, well, very well; hacer —, to prove; — es para, he is not the one to.
Buenos Aires, Buenos Ayres (the capital of the Argentine Republic in South America).
buey, m., ox.
bueyecito (dim.), little ox.
buffet (French), m., refreshment-table.
buhardilla, garret.
buhardillón (aug.), garret-room.
bula, papal bull (permission).
bulto, package, parcel, mass.
bulla, shouting, noise, merriment.
bullanga, concert, noise.
bullir, to boil, bustle.
buñuelo, fritter (filled with fruit or jelly).
Burdeos, Bordeaux (a city in France, famous for its wine).
burlar, to mock, laugh (at).
burlonamente, mockingly.
burro, donkey.
busca, search; en su —, in search of him (her, them, you).
buscar, to look for, seek; ir á —, to go for.
Bustillo; Eduardo —, prop. noun (Spanish poet, author of Las cuatro estaciones, El libro azul [1879], Romancero de la guerra de África, El ciego de Buenavista [1888], et al.).
caballerito (dim.), little gentleman.
caballero, gentleman, horseman, rider; — (en), mounted (on).
caballete, m., horse (stand for saddles, etc.).
caballo, horse; á —, on horse-back, to horse.
cabecear, to nod; toss the head (said of horses).
cabecera, head, end.
cabecita (dim. of cabeza), little head.
cabellera, long hair, growth of hair.
cabello, hair; tiene los —s, her hair is.
caber, to hold, contain, be contained; no me cabe duda, there is no doubt; ya no me cupo duda, I no longer doubted; le cupo en suerte, it fell to her lot; no cabía en sí, was beside himself.
cabeza, head; con la — baja, with bowed head; estaba de — sobre, was leaning over.
cabezudense, inhabitant of Cabezudo.
Cabezudo, prop. noun (lit., big-headed, obstinate).
cabildo, chapter (of a cathedral), parish; — de arriba, upper parish; — de abajo, lower parish.
cabizbajo (= cabeza + bajo), pensive, crest-fallen, with bowed head.
cabo, end; corporal; rope; al —, finally; al — de, after; llevar á —, see llevar.
cabra, goat.
cabreriza, goat-herd's hut.
cacha, handle (of a knife).
cacoquimio, pale and wan, cacochymic (having the fluids of the blood destroyed).
cada, each; — vez más, more and more; á — instante, every moment; — cual, each one.
cadáver, m., corpse, body.
cadena, chain, succession.
cadete, m., cadet (of military or naval academy), young officer.
Cádiz, prop. noun (the city of Cadiz, with about 70,000 inhabitants, is picturesquely situated on a low lime-stone rock, which is almost surrounded by the sea when the tide is high. It is connected with the Isla de León by a low, narrow isthmus of sand and rock. Cadiz is a beautiful city, and an important seaport).
caer, to fall, sink; —se, to fall; dejar — (encima), to drop (on); al — la tarde, late in the afternoon; — redondo, to fall in a heap; — á cántaros, to rain in torrents, pour (lit., to fall in pitchersfull); caído de fuerzas, with failing strength; ¡ya caigo! I understand.
cafetera, coffee-pot; coll., drunkenness.
caigo, pr. ind. of caer.
caja, box, coffin, case.
cajita, small box.
cal, f., lime.
cala, hold (of a ship).
calafate, m., calker.
calaña, quality, character.
calcetín, m., sock.
cálculo, calculation, computation.
caldera, boiler.
calderetería, tinker's wares.
caldo, broth, gravy.
calentar (ie), to warm, heat; —se la mollera or el caletre, to rack one's brain.
caletre, m., judgment, understanding; (fig.) head.
calibre, m., caliber, kind.
calidad, f., quality.
caliente, hot, warm.
caliginoso, dark, murky.
calma, calmness.
calmante, m., sedative.
calmar, to calm, comfort; —se, to become calm.
calor, m., heat, warmth.
calumniar, to slander.
caluroso, hot, heated.
calvo, bald(headed).
calzado, fastened, secured; shod.
calzón (generally —es), breeches; — corto, knee-breeches.
callado, silent, reserved.
callar, to be silent, pass over in silence, conceal; y como si callara, and all in vain.
calle, f., street; — de las Infantas, prop. noun (a street in Madrid); estas —s de Dios, these (blessed) streets; esas —s, the streets; — Alta, High-street.
callealtero, one who lives on the Calle Alta (in La leva).
cama, bed.
camarada, m., comrade, friend.
camarilla, clique, faction.
cambiante, m., iridescence, play of color.
cambiar (de), to change, exchange.
cambio, change, exchange; en —, on the other hand; in exchange.
camello, camel.
Camila, Camilla.
caminante, m. or f., traveler.
caminar, to walk, go; — la vuelta (de), to walk back (to); caminaban subiendo á saltos, came bounding up.
caminito, path, walk.
camino, road, way; — real, highway; ir — del cielo, to start on the road to heaven.
camisa, shirt, chemise, night-gown.
camiseta, under-shirt, blouse.
campamento, camp.
campana, bell; — gorda, great bell (e. g., in the Cathedral of Toledo).
campanario, bell-tower, belfry.
campanero, bell-ringer, sexton.
campanilla (dim.), (little) bell.
campaña, campaign; — de rey, term of enlistment in the king's service.
campeón, m., champion, defender.
campesino, peasant.
campiña, surrounding country, field.
campo, country, field; pl., fields, country or rural districts.
cana, gray hair.
canal, m., see abrir.
canalla, f., mob, rabble; m., scoundrel, despicable fellow.
canapé, m., couch, settee.
¡canario! zounds! gracious!
canción, f., song.
candela, candle.
candelabro, chandelier.
candente, incandescent, red-hot.
cándido, candid, simple, foolish.
candileja, little lamp, light, candle.
candor, m., simplicity.
candoroso, simple, honest.
canela, cinnamon.
canino, canine, of a dog.
canjilón, m., jar.
cano, gray-haired, gray.
canoa, chest (made of wood; formerly used for keeping provisions).
canónico; horas —as, canonical hours (offices of prayer and devotion that are given at certain fixed hours).
canónigo, canon, prebendary.
canonizar, to canonize, consecrate.
cansado, tired, weary.
cansancio, weariness, fatigue.
cansarse, to grow tired.
Cantabria, prop. noun (the region lying along the northern coast of Spain); mar de —, Bay of Biscay.
cantador, -a, singer.
cantante, singing; llevar la voz —, to sing the leading part, take the lead in the conversation.
cantar, m., song.
cantar, to sing, give (of an opera); confess.
cante; dar el —, to inform against.
cantera, quarry.
cantidad, f., quantity, amount, number; —es iguales, the same thing.
canto, song, air.
canto, stone; darse con el — en los pechos, to be happy.
cantor, -a, singer.
canturriar, to hum.
caña, reed, cane, sugar-cane; (= aguardiente de —) rum.
caño, pipe; stream, spout.
cañón, m., cannon, gun, tube; — de chimenea, funnel, flue (of a chimney).
cañonazo, cannon-shot.
cañonero, gun-boat.
caoba, mahogany.
capa, cloak, mantle; con —, under the cloak.
capataz, m., overseer, foreman.
capaz, capable, able.
capilla, chapel; — mayor, main chapel (where the high altar is).
capital, m., capital, money; f., capital city.
capitán, m., captain; — general, captain general (the commanding military officer of a district, an army or a fleet); el gran — = Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba [1453-1515] (Spanish general who won fame in wars against Italy and the Moors).
capitanía; — general, captaincy general or headquarters of the captain general.
capitular, to surrender (as a fortress).
capítulo, chapter; celebrar —, to hold a meeting of the prelates of a religious order.
capón, m., capon.
capote, m., cloak, great-coat.
capotón, m. (aug. of capote), large cloak.
capricho, whim, caprice.
cara, face, courage; — á —, face to face; mala — tenía, there was an evil look on his face; poner —, to make a face.
carabina, carbine, short rifle; la — de Ambrosio, a useless thing, a good-for-nothing.
carabinero, customs-guard, coast-guard.
carácter, m., character, determination.
característico, characteristic, distinctive.
caracterizar, to characterize.
caramba con, bother.
caramelo, caramel; palabras de —, honeyed words.
carátula, mask, mask-like face.
carbón, m., charcoal, coal.
carcajada, laughter; — de burla, burst of mocking laughter.
cárcel, f., prison, jail.
carecer (de), to lack.
carey, m., tortoise-shell.
carga, burden, tax, charge.
cargado, loaded, covered with heavy clouds (as the sky).
cargamento, cargo.
cargar, to load, burden; — con alguno, to take charge of ("make off" with) some one.
cargo, burden; hacerse —, see hacer.
carguita (dim. of carga), little load.
caridad, f., charity.
cariño, affection, fondness, kindliness; endearing expression; tener — (á), to be fond (of).
cariñosamente, fondly, kindly.
cariñoso, affectionate.
carita, little face.
caritativo, charitable.
carlanco, bugaboo.
Carlos, Charles; — Quinto, Charles V (of the Holy Roman Empire [1500-1558], the monarch who could rightfully say that the sun did not set in his realm, because his empire extended around the earth. From his father, Philip, he inherited the Netherlands and a part of the Austrian States, and from Ferdinand and Isabella, his grandparents, he inherited the United Spanish monarchy together with its Italian possessions and the newly-discovered lands of America. In 1519 he was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. During his reign Spain was the largest empire that the world had seen. Charles V despoiled Spain in order to have money and men for his interminable wars with other powers, and he left Spain exhausted. He abdicated the throne in 1556 and retired to the monastery of Yuste).
carnaza, mass of flesh.
carne, f., meat, flesh; de — y hueso, of flesh and blood; metida en —s, plump.
carnero, mutton; no hay tales —s, there is no such thing.
caro, dear.
carrera, running, race; career, course; concluir —, to complete one's course of study; á — larga nadie escapa, patience and perseverance will accomplish wonders.
carreta, cart.
carretela, carriage, calash.
carrillo, pulley.
carruaje, m., carriage.
carta, letter.
Cartagena, prop. noun (town on south-east coast of Spain; 40,000 inhabitants).
cartera, pocket-book, note-book.
carteta, game at cards.
cartilla, catechism, manual.
cartón, m., paste-board.
casa, house, home; á —, home; en — de, in the home of.
casaca, coat.
casado, married; married man.
casarse, to get married; — con, to marry.
cascabel, m., bell; echar el — al gato, to bell the cat, or fig., to put the plan into effect.
casco, skull, helmet; hoof; hull (of a ship); fragment.
casero, domestic, homely; convite —, family party.
caserón (aug. of casa), edifice, large house.
casi, almost, nearly.
casilla (dim. of casa), pigeon-hole; sacar de sus —s, to irritate, vex.
casino, club.
casita (dim.), little house, cottage.
caso, case, circumstance, occasion; hacer —, to take notice of, heed, mind; vengamos al —, let us come to the point; el — es, the fact is; no se ha de hacer —, no attention will be paid.
casta, race, family; de mala —, from too bad a family; eso es de —, it is in your blood.
castañera, chestnut woman.
castaño, chestnut; adj. (chestnut) brown.
Castelar; Emilio — (1832-99; a Spanish republican leader and famous orator).
castellano, Castilian; — viejo, old-fashioned Castilian.
castidad, f., chastity.
castigado, culprit.
castigar, to punish, chastise.
castigo, punishment.
Castilla, Castile (a former kingdom of north-central Spain, now known as Old Castile [Castilla la Vieja], immediately to the south lies New Castile [Castilla la Nueva], which was conquered from the Moors in 1085 by Alfonso the Valiant, king of Castile and Leon. Both Toledo and Madrid are in New Castile); de —, Castilian.
casto, chaste.
casualidad, f., chance; daba la — de que, chance ordained it that.
casuca, hovel.
casucho (depr.), miserable dwelling.
cataclismo, deluge, upheaval.
Catanilla (dim. of Catana), little Catana.
catar, to observe; cate Vd. ahí, lo and behold.
catástrofe, f., catastrophe.
cátedra, professorial chair, department.
catedral, f., cathedral.
categoría, category, class.
caterva, crowd, swarm.
católico, catholic.
catorce, fourteen.
cauce, m., channel.
caudal, m., property, wealth.
caudaloso, rich; carrying much water (as a river).
caudillo, chief, commander.
causa, cause, reason; á — de, on account of.
causante (from causar), one who or that which causes.
causar, to cause, produce.
cautela, caution.
cavar, to dig.
cavilación, f., brooding, persistent thought, fault finding.
cavilar, to ponder (deeply), find excuses.
cayendo, pr. p. of caer.
cayó, pret. of caer.
cazar, to hunt, chase.
ceder, to resign, yield, submit.
cedro, cedar.
cédula, identification card (describing the person, telling his occupation, residence, etc. Every Spaniard must have a cédula de vecindad).
ceguedad, f., blindness.
celaje, m., (light, swiftly moving) cloud.
celda, cell.
celdita (dim.), small cell.
celebrar, to celebrate, be glad of; applaud.
célebre, famous, celebrated.
celeste, celestial, heavenly.
Celinina (dim.), little Celina.
celo, zeal; pl., jealousy.
celoso, jealous.
cellisca, storm, snow-storm.
cementerio, cemetery.
cenador, m., arbor, bower.
cenar, to eat supper.
cenobita, m., cenobite (one of a religious order dwelling in a convent or community).
censurable, open to blame.
censurar, to criticise, find fault.
centella, lightning.
céntimo, centime (= the one-hundredth part of a peseta).
centinela, m., sentry, guard.
centro, centre.
ceñir (i), to gird, circle; me ceñí á la pared, I kept close to the wall.
ceño, frown.
ceñudo, grim, gruff.
cepillar, to brush.
cepillo, poor-box.
cera, wax.
cerca, near; — de, near(ly); de —, closely.
cercanía, neighborhood, vicinity.
cercano (á), near, close (to), neighboring.
cercar, to surround, hem in, fence.
cerdoso, bristly.
cerebro, brain.
ceremonia, ceremony, formality.
ceremonial, m., ceremonial, formality.
ceremonioso, ceremonious, formal.
cereza, cherry.
cerillas, matches, wax-tapers.
Ceriñola, Cerignola (in Italy, near Naples, where the Spanish, led by the "Great Captain," defeated the French in 1503. The loss of this battle cost Louis XII his Italian possessions).
cerrar (ie), to close; la noche había cerrado, night had closed in around them.
cerril, wild, unkempt.
cerrillo (dim. of cerro), hillock, little eminence.
cerro, hill, high land.
cerrojo, bolt.
certificado, certificate.
cerveza, beer.
César, Cæsar.
cesar (de), to cease; sin —, continually.
césped, m., lawn, sod covered with grass.
cesto, basket.
cetrino, jaundiced, lemon-colored.
cevilación = civilización.
Cid, Cid (a personage partly historical and partly mythical; the national hero of Spain. His name was Ruy Díaz de Bivar, and he lived in the eleventh century. His exploits in the wars between Christians and Moslems, much exaggerated, are told in verse and prose); los nietos del —, the Spanish people.
ciego, blind.
cielo, sky, heaven; quiso el —, Heaven willed it.
ciencia, science.
cien(to), (one, a) hundred.
cierro, enclosure; — de cristales, porch enclosed in glass, sun parlor.
ciertamente, certainly, to be sure.
cierto, certain; lo —, the truth is; por —, surely, in truth, certainly; —s son los toros, we were right about it.
ciervo, stag, deer.
cifra, number.
cigarro, cigar.
cilicio, cilice (a kind of hair-cloth undergarment worn to mortify the flesh).
cima, top, summit.
cimiento, foundation.
cinco, five.
cincuenta, fifty.
cincha, girth.
cinta, ribbon.
cintita, ribbon (in Cast. Viejo, the ribbon is the decoration worn by members of some order).
cintura, waist, girdle, belt.
circular, to spread, circulate.
círculo, circle, ring.
circunstancia, circumstance, condition.
cirimonia = ceremonia.
cisne, m., swan.
cita, appointment.
citar, to make an appointment with, summon.
ciudad, f., city.
clamar, to call, shout, cry out; implore.
claramente, clearly.
claridad, f., clearness, light, brightness.
clarín, m., trumpet, bugle.
claro, clear; ¡es —! of course! certainly!
clase, f., class, rank; — media, middle class; — baja, lower class.
clasificar (de), to classify (as).
clau clau, gobble gobble.
claustro, cloister, gallery (around the court of a convent).
clausura, retirement; inner recess of a convent.
clavar, to nail, fasten, force in.
clave, f., key.
clavo, nail.
clérigo, clergyman.
clis clas, click clack.
cobarde, m. or f., coward.
cobrar, to collect, receive, charge.
cocer (ue), to cook, bake, boil.
cocido, boiled meat and vegetables (a popular dish in all Spanish countries).
cocina, kitchen.
cocinero, -a, cook.
coco, bugbear, fright; así fuese el —, even if she were a fright.
coche, m., carriage, coach, car.
codiciar, to covet.
codo, elbow.
coger, to catch, reap, pluck, pick up, take hold of.
cogida, harvest.
cogote, m., occiput, back of the head.
cojear, to limp.
cola, tail, train; ahí esta la — del lagarto, there's the rub.
colarse, to slip in.
colector, -a, gatherer.
colega, m., colleague.
colegio, school or "college" (of secondary instruction, usually under Church control, where students may be received at the age of eight or nine years, and prepared for the degree of bachiller by the age of eighteen); — de artillería, military academy for artillery.
colegir (i), to gather, infer.
cólera, f., anger, fury.
colérico, enraged, choleric; cuando se ponía ó lo ponían —, when he was bilious or angry.
colgar (ue), to hang; colgado, hanging.
cólico, colic, cramp.
colmena, bee-hive.
colmo, summit, limit; para — de aflicción, to complete her sorrow.
colocación, f., place, position.
colocar, to place.
coloquio, colloquy, conversation.
color, m., color; de —, colored; — de rosa, pink.
colorado, red, florid.
colorear, to redden, color, dye.
colorido, coloring, color.
columna, column; — volante, flying column.
columnilla; — salomónica, small twisted column.
columpio, swing.
collado, bill.
comadrear, to gossip.
comandante, m., major.
comarca, region, district.
combate, m., combat, fight.
combatir, to attack.
comedia, comedy, play.
comentario, commentary.
comenzar (ie), to begin.
comer, to eat, dine, bite; —se las palabras, to slur or omit syllables; — del negocio, to be supported by the business.
cometer, to commit.
cómico, comedian, actor; adj., comical, funny.
comida, meal, dinner, food.
comisión, f., commision, committee, errand.
como, as, as if, if, as for being; — que, as if; — quiera que, in view of the fact that; — para, as if to, in order to.
¿cómo? ¡cómo! how? why? what!
cómodamente, comfortably.
comodidad, f., comfort; estar con —, to be comfortable; pl., comfortable circumstances, wealth.
compacto, compact.
compadecer, to pity.
compadre, godfather, friend, comrade; (in direct address and familiarly) old man, my dear fellow.
compañero, -a, companion, wife, consort, friend, comrade; — de cuarto, room-mate.
compañía, company; en — de, accompanied by; hacer —, to stay with, keep company.
comparar, to compare.
compartir, to share.
compás, measure, time in music; al — de, in time with, amidst.
compasión, f.; por —, for pity's sake.
compatriota, m. or f., compatriot.
competidor, -a, rival.
complacencia, good nature.
complacer, to please; —se, to delight (in).
completar, to complete.
completo, complete, whole of it; por —, completely.
complexión, f., constitution.
complicado, complicated.
componer, to compose, make up; —se, to be composed, be made up, dress up.
composición, f., making or building up.
compostura, composure.
comprender, to understand, know, realize.
comprensión, f., comprehension, understanding.
compresión, f., compression, restraint.
comprobante, proving, proof.
comprometer, to engage, bind; expose to danger or suspicion.
compuesto, combination.
común, common; de —, in common.
comunicación, f., communication, connection.
comunicar, to communicate, impart; —se alientos, to encourage oneself. comunidad, f., community, order; en —, the whole order; guerra de las —es, war of the communes (or of the League, 1520-1523. This revolt was occasioned by the arbitrary exaction of taxes by Charles V).
comunión, f., communion.
con, with, by; — que, so then.
concebir (i), to conceive, understand; express.
conceder, to concede, grant.
concejo, (ancient) municipal council; in Asturias and Leon, district composed of several parishes with one common jurisdiction.
concentrado, intensified.
concentrar, to concentrate.
concepto, thought, idea.
concerniente, concerning.
concertar (ie), to agree, settle.
conciencia, conscience; de —, conscientious.
conciliar, to reconcile, consider, win.
concluir (de), to end, finish, conclude; conclúyese el potaje, the mess is finished.
concluyente, conclusive.
concretarse, to combine, unite.
concurrencia, assembly.
concurrente, m. or f., member of an assembly; —s, those present.
concurrido, frequented.
concurso, crowd, assembly.
conde, m., count.
condenao = condenado, condemned, damned; esta —a, this confounded woman; este —, this useless thing.
condenar, to condemn, find guilty.
condescendencia, condescension, kindness.
condición, f., condition; habit, natural quality of mind.
conducir, to conduct, take, lead; hacerse —, to have oneself taken.
conducta, conduct.
conductor, m., channel.
confeccionar, to make, construct.
conferenciar, to confer, discuss.
confesar (ie), to confess, acknowledge.
confesor, m., father confessor.
confianza, confidence; hombre de —, confidential clerk; de toda su —, whom he trusted implicitly.
confiar, to confide, entrust.
confirmar, to confirm, corroborate.
confitería, confectionery, sweets.
conformarse, to consent, agree.
conforme, in proportion; estar —, to agree, be resigned.
conformidad, f., resemblance, condition.
confundirse, to be or become confused, mingle together, be mistaken for.
confusamente, confusedly, indistinctly.
confusión, f., confusion, commotion.
confuso (irr. p. p. of confundir), confused, indistinct.
congoja(s), anxiety, distress, faintness, dismay.
congregar, to congregate, gather.
conjugar, to conjugate.
conjurar, to conjure, exorcise.
conmigo, with me.
conmoción; — cerebral, concussion of the brain.
conmover (ue), to move, touch, affect.
conocedor, -a, judge or critic (in matters of taste), connoisseur.
conocer, to know, become acquainted (with), recognize, meet; bien se conoce, it is evident.
conocido, acquaintance.
conocimiento, acquaintance, friendship, knowledge, experience.
conque, so, so that, well then!
conquista, conquest; ir de —, to go a-wooing.
conquistador, -a, conqueror.
conquistar, to win, conquer.
consagrar, to consecrate.
consecuencia, consequence.
conseguir (i), to succeed (in), obtain, get.
consejo, council, advice, consultation; Casa de —s, city hall; de mucho —, of wise council.
consentido, spoiled.
conservación, f., (self-)preservation.
conservar, to preserve, keep; que conserva las ... señales, which shows the marks; —se soltero, to remain a bachelor.
considerable, great.
consigna, watchword; instruction (to a doorkeeper).
consigo, with oneself.
consiguiente; por —, consequently.
consistente, consistent, solid.
consistir (en), to consist (of).
consolador, -a (de), comforter (in).
consolar, to console.
constar, to be clear, evident, appear.
consternado, frightened.
constituir, to constitute.
constreñir (i), to constrain, hold (by force).
construir, to construct, build, erect.
construyendo, pr. p. of construir.
consuelo, comfort, consolation.
consulta, consultation; á puras —s, by dint of consultations.
consultar, to consult.
consumir, to consume, exhaust.
consumos, food-stuffs; municipal tax on food-stuffs.
contacto, contact.
contador, -a, narrator.
contar (ue), to tell, relate, count; — con, to count on, be sure of; á — de, counting from; son contados, they are few.
contemplación, f., contemplation, holy meditation.
contemplar, to contemplate; —se los unos á los otros, to look at one another.
contemplativo, meditative; devoto —, pious devotee.
contemporáneo, of the same age.
contener, to contain, restrain.
contentarse, to be contented, limit oneself (con, to).
contento, contentment; adj., contented, happy.
contera; por — y remate, lastly and in conclusion.
contestación, f., answer.
contestar, to answer.
contiguo (á), adjacent (to).
continuar, to continue.
continuo, continuous.
contorno, contour, outline; en —, round about.
contra, against; en — de, against; noun, m., inconvenience, disadvantage.
contrabandista, m. or f., smuggler.
contrabando, forbidden article; smuggling.
contradecir, to contradict.
contramaestre, m., boat-swain.
contraproducente, contrary to what is expected.
contrapuesto, opposite, contrary.
contrario, contrary; al —, on the contrary; al — de, the opposite of.
contrastar, to contrast.
contravenir, to oppose, act against.
contribución, f., tax.
contribuir, to contribute.
conturbar, to disturb.
convecino, neighbor.
convencer (de), to convince.
convenir, to suit; — en, to agree; conviene, it is expedient.
convento, convent.
conversación, f., conversation; dar or entrar en —, to engage in conversation (á, with).
conversar, to converse, chat.
convertir (ie), to convert, change, turn (en, into).
convidado, guest; — de cuatro anos, four-year old guest.
convidar, to invite.
convite, m., invitation; — de días, birthday-dinner.
convulso, convulsed.
cónyuges, m. pl., husband and wife.
copa, cup; top (of a tree).
copiar, to copy.
copioso, copious, abundant.
copita (dim.), small cup.
copla, couplet.
copleja (depr.), little couplet.
coraje, m., wrath, rage, anger.
corazón, m., heart.
corazonazo (aug.), (big) heart.
corcel, m., charger.
corcova, hump.
corcho, cork.
cordaje, m., ropes.
cordel, m., line.
cordelería, rigging.
cordón, m., cord.
cornisa, cornice.
coro, chorus, choir (in Spanish churches it is near the center of the building, separated from the main chapel by the transept).
corona, crown.
coronar, to crown.
corporación, f., en —, together, in company.
corpulencia, corpulence, stoutness.
corral, m., yard, corral, court.
correa, leather strap.
corredor, m., corridor, gallery; —, -a, runner; adj., swift.
corregir (i), to correct.
correo, mail, courier; — de gabinete, king's messenger.
correr, to run; peddle; de vuelta de — la sardina, on returning from selling sardines.
correría, expedition.
Correspondencia, prop. noun (name of a Madrid newspaper).
corresponder, to return a favor, make a suitable return; correspond.
corrida; — de toros, bull-fight.
corriente, m., current, course; estar al —, to know, be acquainted (de, with).
corrillo (dim.), group, circle.
corro, group, circle.
corruptela, corruption.
cortar, to cut, cut short, trim; cortado, short (as breathing).
corte, f., court, capital (= Madrid).
cortejar, to court.
cortesía, courtesy.
corteza, bark.
cortina, curtain, veil, drapery.
corto, short; de corta edad, of tender age.
corvo, curved dagger.
cosa, thing, matter; — de, about; gran —, very much, qué —, what; — igual, such a thing.
cosecha, crop, harvest.
coser, to sew.
cosilla (dim. of cosa), little thing, trifle.
costa, coast; expense, price, á —, at the cost.
costado, side; por todos cuatro —s, in every respect.
Costa Rica (lit., Rich Coast; a Central American republic), Costa Rica.
costilla, rib; (fig.) wife.
costo, cost, expense.
costumbre, f., custom, habit; de —, usual(ly); tener — de, to be accustomed or wont to.
coyuntura, joint.
craso, gross.
creación, f., creation.
crear, to create.
crecer, to grow, increase.
crecido, large, big, great.
creciente, growing, rising.
crédito, credit, character, reputation.
creer, to believe (in), think; ya lo creo (que), yes, indeed.
crepúsculo, dusk.
cresta, cresting, crest tile.
creyente, m. or f., believer; adj., believing, devout.
creyó, creyeron, pret. of creer.
criado, -a, servant; criada de todos los días, maid of all work.
crianza, good breeding, education.
criar, to create; nourish, raise, bring up.
criatura, creature; (in direct address and familiarly) man alive!
criaturita (dim.), young child.
crimen, m., crime.
crin, f., mane, hair.
crisis, f., crisis, critical moment.
cristal, m., crystal, window-pane.
cristalino, crystalline, clear.
cristiano, Christian.
Cristo, Christ.
criterio, criterion, judgment.
crítico, critic.
crónica, chronicle.
crucecita (dim. of cruz), little cross.
crucero, crossing of nave and transept.
crujir, to crack, rattle, creak, squeak.
cruz, f., cross.
cruzar, to cross.
cuadra, stable; land measure (about 1500 feet); —s planas, acres of level land.
cuadrado, square.
cuadrilla, band, gang, troop, company.
cuajado, coagulated; ojos —s, glazed eyes.
cuajar, to coagulate, harden (as the grains of corn).
cual, which, what, like, as; el (la, lo) —, who, which, whom; á — más absurdos, each more absurd than the other; por lo —, therefore; — si, as if.
¿cuál? ¡cual! which, whom, what.
cualquier(a), any, any one; — que, whatever.
cuando (interr. and exclam., cuándo), when; de vez en —; de — en —, now and then; — menos, at least.
cuanto, -a (interr. and exclam., cuánto), how much, (pl.) how many; all that; unos cuantos, a few, some; — más, the more; en —, when; en — á, as for; tanto... —, so much as.
cuarenta, forty.
cuarentón, -a, person forty years old.
cuartel, m., quarters, barracks.
cuartillo, pint (approximately).
cuarto, quarter, fourth (part); room, floor; small copper coin = 3 céntimos.
cuatro, four, a few; hasta las —, until four o'clock; — veces, several times.
cubierta, deck.
cubierto (irr. p. p. of cubrir), covered, sheltered; á —, under shelter.
cubrir, to cover, conceal, spread over; — el expediente, to cloak over the affair.
cucurucho, high pointed paper-cap (worn by the penitents during holy week).
cuchara, spoon.
cuchichear, to whisper.
cuchillada, thrust, blow with a knife.
cuchillo, knife.
cuélgate, imper. sing. of colgarse.
cuello, collar, neck; al —, about (someone's) neck.
cuenta, account, bill; dar —, to give an account; darse — de, to heed, notice; tener —, to be of advantage; os tiene —, it is to your advantage; tomar —, to cross-examine.
cuentecillo (dim. of cuento).
cuento, story.
cuerda, cord.
cuerno, horn.
cuero, leather, skin; en —s vivos, in their bare skins.
cuerpecillo (dim.), little body.
cuerpo, body, corps; — de Telégrafos, Bureau of Telegraphs.
cuervo, raven.
cuesta, hill, slope, steep street.
cuestión, f., question.
cueva, cave.
cuidado, care; ¡—!, take care! look out; — que, oh! but; tener — (de que), to take care (that); — con no..., be careful not to...; estar con —, to worry; — que no faltes, do not fail; — con que te vengas, I want you not to go.
cuidadosamente, carefully.
cuidar, to take care of, look after.
culpa, fault, guilt, crime, blame; tener (la) — (de), to be to blame (for or for it), be guilty.
culpable, blameworthy, guilty.
cumplido, large, full; obliging, accomplished, perfect.
cumplimiento, compliment, expression of civility, formality.
cumplir, to carry out, comply, fulfill, perform (one's duty).
cuna, cradle, birthplace.
cundido, filled, lined.
cuota, quota, fixed share; — fija, fixed sum.
cupe, —iste, —o, etc., pret. of caber.
cúpula, dome.
cura, m., priest, parson; Señor —, your Reverence; Cura Párroco, parish priest.
curiosear, to look on curiously.
curiosidad, f., curiosity.
curioso, curious.
curso, course.
curtido, tanned, weather-beaten.
curva, curve.
cutis, m., skin.
cuyo, -a, whose, of whom, of which, which.
chacha (from muchacha), dearie.
Champagne, m., champagne.
chancilla (dim. of chanza), little jest; "for fun".
chanclo, patten; galoche, rubber-shoe.
chaparrón, m., shower.
chaparroncillo (dim.), little shower.
chaqueta, jacket, morning-coat.
chaquetón, m. (aug. of chaqueta), large jacket.
charco, pool.
charla, prattle, chatter.
charlar, to chatter; — por los codos, to prattle.
chasco, fun, joke, trick; dar un —, to play a trick; llevar(se) un —, to be disappointed.
chasquido, cracking (sound), tinkling, jingling.
chico, -a, little, small; noun, child, little boy, little girl.
chicotazo (from chicote, Spanish-American [Chile, Mexico, et al.] for látigo), blow with a whip.
chicuelo (dim.), little one.
Chile, prop. noun (a South-American country consisting of a long and narrow strip of land lying between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean. Chile has a length of 2,700 miles, while its width varies from 68 to 250 miles; population, about five millions).
chileno, Chilian.
chillón, -a, shrill.
chimenea, fire-place.
chiquillo, -a (dim. of chico), little (one), little child.
chiquitín, -a (dim.), little fellow, little girl.
chiquitino (dim.), very small.
chiquito, -a (dim. of chico), little, small, tiny; noun, little boy, little girl; hacerse el —, to conceal one's knowledge, affect modesty.
chirrido, grating, squeaking.
chismes, m. pl., gossip, tattling.
chismoso, tale-bearer.
chismosón, -a (aug.), tattler.
chispa, spark; (fig.) bright fellow; —s, fire and flames.
chiste, m., witty saying, joke.
chivito, -a, kid.
chocar (en), to strike (against); —se, to strike against one another.
choque, m., shock, clang, collision.
choricero, sausage-seller.
chorizo, sausage.
chorro, stream, jet, gush.
chuchería, bauble, toy.
chupar, to suck; (coll.) smoke.
churrigueresco, churrigueresque, tawdry (from Churriguera, who introduced into Spain the cheap and tawdry ornamentation of the later Renaissance architecture).
D., Da. = don, doña.
dable, easy, possible.
dama, lady.
daño, harm, wrong, injury.
dar, to give, make, strike, show; — á, to face, open on; — á entender, to imply, — con, to find, come to or upon; — de comer, to give food; — en, to fall into (as a habit); — por, to consider; — que hacer á, to keep busy, make for; —se á conocer, to make oneself known; —se á luz, to be visible; no —se por advertido con, to pretend not to know about; dado, given, granting, considering; dándolo como cierto, granting it to be certain; tanto os da de ... como, is as good as; di la vuelta, I turned back; dieron las cuatro, it struck four.
dato, fact; pl., data.
de, of, from, by, with, in, than; del (= de + el) que (— la que, — lo que, etc.), than, of one who.
debajo de, under; por —, under.
deber, m., duty; ante — tan grande, before so momentous a duty.
deber, to owe, must, ought; — de, must; no debía de ser, he could not have been; debía de ser, must have been; debieron causar, they must have caused.
debilidad, f., weakness.
débilmente, weakly, poorly.
decaído, low.
decano, dean, director.
decencia, propriety of conduct, good breeding.
decente, respectable, suitable, genteel, decent, proper.
decididamente, intently.
decidir(se), to decide, determine, resolve.
décima, stanza of ten octosyllabic lines.
decir, to tell, say, call; es —, that is to say; querer —, to mean; digo mal, or rather; ¿qué te diré yo? what am I to advise you? dígamelo, tell me (that); digámoslo así, so to speak; ¿he dicho bien? am I right?; diríase, one might say, so to speak.
decisión, f., determination.
declarar, to declare, depose (upon oath).
declinar, to decline.
decoroso, decorous.
decretar, to decree.
dedicar, to dedicate, devote, destine.
dedo, finger, toe.
defecto, defect, failing.
defender(se), to defend, protect, assert, maintain; forbid.
defensa, defence; — propia, self-defence.
degenerar, to degenerate.
dejar, to let, leave, allow, have (used with a p. p.); —(se) de, to leave off, cease, fail, not to; — atrás, to surpass; — en blanco, to omit; — paso, to allow to pass; ¡deja, no más! never mind! déjate de, never mind, cease your.
del = de + el.
delante (de), before, first; por — (de), in front (of); encuentra por —, strikes.
delatar, to denounce, betray, indicate.
deleitoso, delightful, blissful.
delfín, m., dolphin.
delgado, thin, slender, delicate, soft (in agua —a).
deliberadamente, deliberately.
delicadeza, delicateness, scrupulousness, tact, courtesy.
delicado, delicate, tender.
delicioso, delicious.
delincuente, m. or f., offender.
delirar (por), to rave (about), dote (upon).
delirio, delirium.
delito, crime.
demacración, f., emaciation.
demanda, demand.
demás, pl., m. and f. others, rest; n., lo —, the rest; por lo —, furthermore, apart from that.
demasiado, too, too much; — creyente, too firm a believer.
demasías, liberties, rudeness, insults.
demente, m. or f., demented person.
demonio, devil, deuce; con mil —s, the devil (take you).
demora, delay.
demostrar (ue), to show, demonstrate.
dempués = después.
den, pr. subj. of dar.
dengue, m., prudishness; con mimoso —, with affected modesty.
denguno = ninguno.
denotar, to indicate.
denso, dense.
dentro de, in, within.
denunciar, to proclaim, denounce.
deparar, to offer.
depender (de), to depend (on), rest (upon).
deplorar, to deplore.
depositar, to deposit, place.
depósito, deposit.
deprecación, f., deprecation, prayer.
deprimir, to depreciate, lower.
depuesto (irr. p. p. of deponer), deposed.
derecho, right; straight; por derecha, to the right (hand).
derramar, to spread, spill, shed, diffuse.
derredor; en —, round about.
derretir (i), to melt.
derribar, to strike down, fell.
derruido, destroyed.
derrumbado, dilapidated, tumble-down.
desacato, disrespect.
desacertado, mistaken.
desaforado, huge, uncommonly large.
desagradecido, ungrateful.
desagraviar, to make amends.
desahogar, to give vent to.
desairar, to receive rudely, slight.
desaliñado, disorderly, careless, ill-mannered.
desalmado, merciless, profligate.
desamparar, to leave, forsake; quit a place.
desaparecer, to disappear.
desarbolar, to unmast; nos habían desarbolado, they had broken our mast.
desarmar, to disarm, undo.
desarrugar, to smooth out, take out wrinkles.
desasosegar, to disturb; de desasosegado, with concern.
desasosiego, uneasiness.
desastre, m., disaster.
desastroso, disastrous.
desatendido, unnoticed, slighted.
desatentar (ie), to upset, frighten; —se, to lose one's head.
desatinado, mad, foolish.
desayuno, breakfast.
desazonado, downcast.
Descalzas, prop. noun (lit., barefooted nuns: a religious order).
descalzo, barefooted.
descansar, to rest.
descanso, rest, repose; el — de sus huesos, his last resting-place.
descargar, to discharge, bring down.
descender (ie), to descend.
descifrar, to decipher.
descolgar (ue), to take down, slip down.
descolorido, colorless, pallid.
descollar (ue), to surpass, rise aloft.
descompuesto (irr. p. p. of descomponer), excited, beside oneself, changed.
desconcertado, disturbed, disconcerted.
desconfianza, distrust.
desconfiar (de), to disturb.
desconocer, to mistake, disown, not to recognize, be ignorant of, unacquainted with.
desconocido, unknown.
desconsuelo, affliction, disconsolateness, regret.
descontento, discontent, grumbling.
descorrer, to draw, pull back.
describir, to describe.
descrito, irr. p. p. of describir.
descubierto (irr. p. p. of descubrir), uncovered.
descubrir, to show, lay open, reveal, expose to view, discover.
descuidar, to neglect, not worry; descuide V., do not worry.
desde, from, since; — ahora, from now on; — tierra, from the land.
desdén, m., disdain, frown.
desdeñar, to scorn, disdain.
desdichado, unfortunate, wretched, miserable.
desdoblar, to unfold.
desear, to desire, wish.
desechar, to cast off, reject.
desembarazado, free, unrestrained, unobstructed.
desempeñar, to perform.
desempeño, discharge.
desencajado, disjointed, distorted.
desenlace, m., dénouement, outcome.
deseo, desire, wish, intention.
deseoso, desirous, eager.
desesperado, desperate; noun, one in despair.
desfachatez, f., impudence.
desfallecido, in a faint, helpless.
desfigurarse, to be disfigured.
desgarrado, ragged, torn.
desgarrador, -a, heart-rending.
desgarrar, to tear, rend; — el misterio, to rend the veil of the mystery.
desgracia, misfortune, harm; por —, unfortunately.
desgraciadamente, unfortunately.
desgraciado, unfortunate.
desgreñado, dishevelled.
deshacer, to end, destroy, crush, undo, smash, melt; —se, to fade away, disappear, break up, free oneself, burst (into tears).
deshecho, irr. p. p. of deshacer.
deshizo, pret. of deshacer.
deshonra, disgrace.
deshonrado, dishonored, disgraced.
desierto, desert.
desierto, deserted.
desigual, uneven, irregular.
desinteresado, disinterested, unselfish.
desistir, to desist.
deslenguado, impudent, insolent.
desliar, to untie.
deslizar, to slip; —se, to guide along, slide, make a slip.
desmayado, in a swoon, unconscious.
desmayar, to faint.
desmayo, fainting fit.
desmedidamente, disproportionately, excessively.
desmentir (ie), to give the lie (to).
desmontar, to cut down; —se, to dismount.
desnudarse, to undress.
desnudo, bare, naked, ill-clothed.
desocupar, to empty; —se, to be empty.
desollador, -a, flayer, cheat, shameless person.
desorden, m., disorder.
desordenado, irregular, confused.
desorganización, f., disorganization; — humana, disorganization of the body.
despacio, slowly, deliberately.
despachar, to send off, despatch.
despacho, office.
desparpajo, boldness, unembarrassed manner.
despedida, leave-taking, farewell.
despedir (i), to send off (forth, away), dart; —se, to take leave.
despegar, to detach, not be in keeping (with).
despejado, clever, quick.
despensero, butler, steward.
desperdicio, see ropa.
despertar (ie), to awake, arouse; —se, to awake.
despierto, (wide-) awake, clever.
desplegar (ie), to unfold, spread out.
desplomado; caer —, to fall in a heap.
desplomarse, to lose one's balance.
despoblación, f., depopulation.
despojar, to despoil, strip; —se, to undress, take off.
despojo, plunder, spoils.
desportilado, broken, chipped.
desposorios, pl., mutual promise to contract marriage; marriage.
despreciar, to despise, show contempt for; neglect.
desprecio, contempt, scorn, slight.
desprender(se), to free, loose, detach (oneself).
desprendimiento, disinterestedness, unselfishness.
desprestigiar, to take away the prestige of a person or thing.
después, after; afterwards; — de or que, after.
despuntar, to begin to dawn; see alba.
destacarse (en, sobre), to stand out (against, from).
destapar, to open, uncork, uncover.
destartalado, ill-kept, neglected.
destemplado, harsh, brusque.
desternillar, to break a tendon; — de risa, to laugh violently.
destinar, to destine.
destino, destiny, fate.
destreza, skill, address, mastery.
destrozar, to destroy, break.
destrozo, harm, destruction, havoc.
destrucción, f., destruction.
desvalido, helpless, destitute, unprotected.
desvanecer, to vanish; —se, to be lost; tan desvanecido, so completely disappeared.
desvanecimiento, dizziness, disappearance, vanishing.
desvelado, watchful, vigilant.
desventura, misfortune, calamity.
desventurado, luckless, miserable.
desvergonzado, shameless, impudent.
detener(se), to stop, detain, stay.
determinado, definite; tampoco se le conozco —, I do not know that they have any.
determinar(se), to determine, make up one's mind, resolve.
detrás, behind; — de, behind, after; por —, from behind.
detuve, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of detener.
detuviera, detuviese, imp. subjs. of detener.
deuda, debt.
devoción, f., devotion, observance of religious duties.
devolver (ue), to restore, return.
devorar, to devour.
devoto, pious, devout, devotional.
devuelto, irr. p. p. of devolver.
di, diste, dió, etc., pret. of dar.
día, m., day, daylight; de —, in the daytime; pl., name-day, saint's-day; life; los —s de —s, days of anniversary festivals; —s pasados, a few days ago; á los tres —s, three days later; un — de fiesta, on a holiday; el mejor día, some fine day.
diablejo (depr.), little devil, little fiend.
diablo, devil.
diablura, mischief.
diáfano, transparent, radiant.
diálogo, dialogue.
diametralmente, diametrically.
diantres; ¡qué —! what the deuce! what in the world!
diariamente, daily, every day.
diario, daily.
dibujar, to draw, sketch; —se, to appear.
dice, dicen, pr. ind. of decir.
diciembre, m., December.
dictado, honorary title, name.
dictamen, m., opinion, judgment.
dicterio, taunt, insult.
dicha, happiness.
dicho, irr. p. p. of decir.
dichoso, happy, lucky, blessed (iron.).
diente, m., tooth; entre —s, between (one's) teeth.
diera, diese, imp. subjs. of dar.
diez, ten.
difícil, difficult, hard, improbable.
dificultad, f., difficulty.
dificultoso, ugly, deformed (as to face).
difundir, to diffuse, spread through.
difunto, deceased; dead person.
diga, pr. subj. of decir.
dignamente, in a worthy manner.
dignarse, to deign, condescend.
dignidad, f., dignity.
digno, worthy, fit.
digo, dices, dice, etc., pr. ind. of decir.
digresión, f., digression.
dije, —iste, —o, etc., pret. of decir.
dijera, dijese, imp. subjs. of decir.
dilación, f., delay.
dilatado, long, broad, dilated.
dilatar(se), to dilate, spread (out).
diligencia, diligence, haste, stage-coach; — del fresco, stage-coach that brings fresh fish (from the coast; in use before the days of railroads and artificial ice).
diluvio, deluge.
diminuto, small, tiny.
dineral, m., large amount of money, fortune.
dinero, money.
Dios, m., God; ¡— mío! dear me! de —, blessed; por —, for goodness' sake; como — manda, as should be done.
dique, m., dike; dry-dock.
dirección, f., direction; en — á, in the direction of.
directamente, directly.
director, m., director, manager.
diría, cond. of decir.
dirigir, to direct; —se, to turn, address.
disciplinado, disciplined.
disciplinazo, disciplinary blow, chastisement.
discípulo, pupil, disciple.
disco, disk.
díscolo, wayward, stubborn.
discorde, discordant.
discordia, discord.
discreteo, wit, flash of wit.
disculpa, excuse, pleading, vindication.
discurrir, to roam, discuss, reason, ponder (over).
discurso, speech; dejándome con el — en el cuerpo, leaving me with my speech unsaid.
discutible, disputable, controvertible.
discutir, to discuss, examine.
diseminar(se), to scatter.
disforme, misshapen.
disfrutar (de), to enjoy.
disgustar, to offend, displease.
disgusto, displeasure, trouble, sorrow, quarrel; á —, with vexation, disgust; dar un —, to cause trouble.
disimuladamente, stealthily, as if without thinking.
disimular, to dissemble, conceal, overlook, excuse.
disimulo, dissimulation.
disipar, to scatter, drive away.
disminuir, to diminish, decrease.
disparar, to shoot, pop out (as stones from cherries).
disparatado, absurd, foolish, inconsistent.
disparate, m., nonsense, absurdity.
disponer(se), to dispose, prepare, arrange, get ready.
disposición, f., mood, humor; disposition, disposal; á —, at the disposal; en tal —, to such an extent.
dispuesto, irr. p. p. of disponer.
disputa, dispute, argument.
disputar, to dispute, quarrel; —se el ..., to dispute with one another the ..., quarrel about.
distancia, distance; como á — de, distant about.
distinción, f., distinction.
distinguir, to distinguish.
distintamente, distinctly.
distinto, distinct, different.
distraer, to divert, distract (the attention).
distraído, absent-minded, distracted.
distribuir, to distribute.
diverso, different, various.
divertido, amusing.
divertir (ie), to amuse, divert.
dividir, to divide.
divinamente, divinely.
divino, divine.
divisar, to espy, perceive.
divulgar, to divulge, publish.
do; por do = por donde.
doblar, to double, turn.
doblegar, to bend.
doce, twelve.
docena, dozen.
dócil, gentle, obedient.
docto, learned.
doctrina, doctrine; de esta —, with this doctrine.
doctrinos, charity-children.
documentación, f., papers, documents.
dogmático, dogmatic (treating of the systematic arrangement of the articles of Christian Faith, the dogma).
doila = doyla = la doy.
dolor, m., grief, sorrow, pain; — de barriga, stomach-ache, cramps.
dolorido, grieved.
dolorosamente, painfully, with great difficulty.
doloroso, sad, painful.
doméstico, domestic.
dominar, to domineer, overlook, prevail (in), master.
domingo, Sunday; Santo —, Saint Dominick (founder of the Dominican Order, b. in Old Castile, 1170).
don, Don, Mr. (a title of respect used before Christian names only).
donación, f., donation.
doncella, maiden, virgin, (lady's-)maid.
donde, where; por —, where, over which; ¿dónde? where?
doña, Mrs., Miss, Lady (before Christian names).
dorado, gilded, golden.
dormido, asleep.
dormilón, -a, sleepy person.
dormir (ue), to sleep; —se, to go to sleep, fall asleep.
dos, two; los —, both of us; Dos Hermanas, prop. noun.
dosel, m., canopy (in churches, a rooflike covering over an altar).
dotación, f., endowment, revenue.
dote, m., gift, endowment; talent.
dragón, m., dragoon; dragon.
duda, doubt.
dudar (de), to doubt, hesitate.
dudoso, doubtful, uncertain.
dueño, -a, owner, master, mistress; — de contenerse, master of oneself.
dulce, m., confection, candy; adj., sweet, gentle.
dulcísimo (from dulce), very sweet, gentle.
dulzura, sweetness, gentleness.
duplicar, to double.
duque, m., duke.
duramente, severely.
durante, during.
durar, to last.
dureza, hardness of heart.
durmió, pret. of dormir.
duro, silver dollar (= 5 pesetas = 20 reales); adj., hard, cruel, oppressive.
é, and (before i and hi).
¡Ea! well!
ébano, ebony.
ebrio, inebriated.
eco, echo; El Eco del Comercio, Echo of Commerce (a daily newspaper of Madrid).
económico, economic, domestic; economical.
echar, to throw, cast, launch; drink; make; —se, to rush out, lie down; —(se) a, to begin, start, go out into; — á broma: see broma; — á volar, to fly away; — á pique, to cause to come to grief, ruin, destroy, sink; — una escopeta á la cara, to raise or level a gun; — á perder, to spoil, ruin; — de menos, to miss; —se de menos, to be missing; —se en cara, to reproach oneself for; — fuego, to be enraged; — mano á (de), to lay hands on, take possession of; —se el primero, to help oneself first; — un trago, to take a drink; — de ver, to perceive, notice; echado en el suelo, sitting on the floor.
edad, f., age; tener bastante —, to be old enough; hasta su mayor —, until they are of age; en mi —, at my age; de —, elderly; de más —, older; á la — que cuenta, at his present age.
edecán, m., aide-de-camp.
educación, f., training, bringing-up.
educar, to educate, bring up.
eduquen, pr. subj. of educar.
efectivamente, actually.
efecto, effect, fact.
efemérides, f. pl., daily calendar.
eficacia, efficacy; con más —, more effectively.
eficaz, efficient.
egoísmo, egoism, selfishness.
¿eh? is it not (so)?
ejecutar, to execute.
ejemplar, m., copy, example, precedent; ¡sin —! don't do it again!; adj., exemplary.
ejemplo, example; por —, for instance.
ejército, army.
el, la, lo, los, las, the; el (la, etc.) de, that of, the one of; el (la, etc.) que, he (she, etc.) who, the one who; al (= á el) que, at (to) the one who, whom.
él, ella, ello, he, she, it; ellos, ellas, they; (after a preposition) him, her, it, them; ello es, the fact is.
elaborar, to work out.
elástica, knit waist-coat, sweater.
elástico, elastic.
elección, f., election, choice.
elegir (i), to elect, choose; Dios y sus elegidos, God and the chosen few.
elevado, tall, high.
elevar, to raise, elevate; —se, to attain to.
Elías, m., Elijah.
elocuencia, eloquence.
elocuente, eloquent.
elogiar, to eulogize, praise.
ella, ello, ellas, ello, see él.
embadurnar, to besmear, cover.
embajada, embassy, message.
embalsamar, to embalm.
embarazar, to embarrass, detain.
embarcación, f., ship, boat.
embarcar, to embark.
embargo; sin —, nevertheless.
embarrancar, to wreck, run aground.
embebido, absorbed, wrapt.
embelesado, delighted.
embestida, attack, assault.
embestir (i), to attack, strike.
embetunar, to cover with bitumen.
emboscada, ambuscade.
embreado, tarred.
embriaguez, f., intoxication.
embrollarse, to be or become entangled.
embuchado, sausage (made of pork).
embuchar, to cram.
emigración, f., emigration, living in foreign lands.
emigrar, to emigrate; al —, when he emigrated.
Emilia, Emily.
eminencia, eminence, hill.
emisario, emissary.
emoción, f., emotion, agitation.
empalizada, palisade, stockade.
empañado, dim.
empapar, to soak.
empedrado, pavement.
empeñarse (en), to insist; estar empeñado en, to insist upon.
empeño, endeavor, desire, perseverance; sermon de —, carefully prepared sermon (for a solemn occasion).
emperador, m., emperor.
empero, however.
empezar (ie), to begin; — á, to begin.
empleado, official, functionary, employee.
emplear, to employ.
empleo, office, employment, position.
empotrar, to mortise, imbed; empotrado en un poyo, fixed in a stone foundation.
emprender, to undertake, set or start out on.
empresa, enterprise.
empujar, to push.
empuñadura, hilt.
en, in, on.
enajenación, f., rapture.
enaltecer, to exalt, lift up.
enamorar, to make love (to); —se, to fall in love; me estaba enamorando, I was falling in love.
enarbolar, to raise high.
encajar, to enclose, insert; —se, to intrude; al —se los hábitos, when they put on the garb (of the monk).
encaje, m., lace.
encaminarse, to start on one's way.
encantador, -a, enchanting, bewitching, delightful.
encanto, charm; de —, enchanting, charming.
encaramar, to raise, elevate.
encararse (con), to face.
encarcelar, to imprison.
encargar, to charge, enjoin (upon), recommend, order; —se de, to take charge of, take upon oneself.
encargo, charge, commission.
encariñarse (con), to become very fond (of).
encarnación, f., incarnation.
encarnado, red; ponerse —, to blush.
encender (ie), to light, kindle, set on fire.
encerrar (ie), to lock up or in, enclose.
encierro, prison, confinement.
encima (de), on, above, over and above, at the top.
encina, oak.
enclavar, to nail, fasten.
encoger, to shrink; —se de (los) hombros, to shrug one's shoulders.
encolerizar, to provoke, irritate.
encomendar (ie), to commend, commit.
encontrar (ue), to meet, find; —se, to be, meet (with), find oneself.
encontrón, m., collision, shock.
encorvado, bent.
encuentro, meeting; ir á su —, to hasten to meet her.
encumbramiento, act of rising, rise, ascent.
endemoniado, devilish, bewitched.
enderezar, to set straight, straighten.
endiablado, devilish, bewitched.
endulzar, to sweeten.
enemigo, enemy, foe; adj., hostile, of the enemy.
enemistad, f., dislike, hatred.
energía, energy.
enérgico, energetic, forcible.
energúmeno, one mad with anger, possessed (with a devil).
enfadado, angry.
enfadarse, to become angry.
enfermedad, f., sickness, disease.
enfermería, infirmary.
enfermero, -a, nurse.
enfermito, -a, little patient.
enfermo, sick, ill; noun, patient, sick person.
enflaquecer, to make thin, weaken.
enfrente, opposite, across the street; de —, on the opposite side, in front (of).
enfriarse, to grow cold.
engañar, to deceive, cheat, disappoint; —se, to be mistaken.
engolfado, lost, absorbed.
engorrosísimo (from engorroso), troublesome, cumbersome.
enhoramala (lit., in an evil hour); echar —, to treat with contempt.
enjalbegar, to whitewash.
enjaulado, caged.
enjuto, thin, spare.
enlazar, to intertwine.
enmarañado, entangled.
enmendar (ie), to repair, amend.
enmienda, amendment, correction, reform.
enojar, to vex.
enojo, annoyance, anger.
enojoso, troublesome, annoying.
enorme, enormous.
enormidad, f., enormity, gravity.
enrabiado, enraged.
enramada, arbor, foliage, trees.
enredar, to play pranks, entangle; —se un diálogo, to begin a confused dialogue.
enrevesado, stubborn, intractable.
enrojecido, red, reddened.
enrollar, to roll up, wrap around.
ensangrentado, covered or stained with blood.
ensañamiento, rage, fury.
ensartar, to string together.
ensayar, to try, practice, rehearse.
ensayo, trial, attempt.
enseñanza, instruction, teaching.
enseñar (á), to teach, show.
ensordecer, to deafen.
ensuciar, to soil, dirty, stain, waste (as paper).
ensueño, sleep, dream.
entablar, to begin (a conversation, acquaintance), bring on the tapis; establish.
entalle, m., carving, sculpturing, engraving.
ente, m., entity, being.
entendederas, pl., understanding, judgment.
entender (ie), to understand, hear; —se, to understand each other, agree or be agreed; darse por entendido, to pretend to understand.
entendido, learned, wise.
entendimiento, understanding, mind, intelligence, wisdom.
enteramente, entirely.
enterar(se), to inform, acquaint (oneself); del que se ha enterado perfectísimamente, with which he is thoroughly acquainted.
entereza, fortitude.
entero, whole, upright, undiminished, firm; por —, entirely.
enterrar (ie), to bury.
entierro, burial, funeral.
entonar, to intone, sing.
entonces, then, at that time; well then!
entornar, to turn.
entrada, entrance, admission-ticket (the entrada is not numbered, and does not necessarily entitle the holder to a seat).
entrambos, -as, both; — á dos, both of them.
entrañas, bowels; heart; de sus —, beloved.
entrar (en), to enter, approach; undertake; — en razón, to listen to reason; la entró un cólico, she was seized with cramps; mes que entra = próximo mes.
entre, between, among; mirarse — sí, to look at one another; — tanto, meanwhile; — asombrado é incrédulo, half amazed and half incredulous.
entreabrir, to open slightly, leave ajar.
entrecano, grayish (of the hair or beard).
entrega, delivery, giving over.
entregar, to restore, deliver, hand, give over or up.
entretener, to entertain.
entretenido, occupied, busy.
entrevista, interview, meeting.
entristecer, to sadden.
enturbiar, to dim, trouble.
entusiasmarse, to become enthusiastic.
entusiasmo, enthusiasm.
entusiasta, m. or f., enthusiast.
enviar, to send.
envolver (ue), to wrap.
envuelto, p. p. of envolver.
épico, epic.
epidermis, f., epidermis, cuticle.
epistolario, epistolary, by letter.
epitafio, epitaph.
época, epoch, time.
equipaje, m., effects (which a sailor takes with him on a voyage), luggage.
equivocarse, to be mistaken.
era, imp. ind. of ser.
erigir, to erect, build.
ermita, hermitage.
ermitaño, hermit.
errante, errant, wandering.
errar (ye), to miss.
erudito, learned.
esbelto, tall, slender.
esbirro, bailiff, constable, policeman.
escabullirse, to escape.
escalar, to scale, climb (into).
escalera, stairs; — de mano, ladder; por las —s abajo, down the stairs.
escalinata, steps.
escalofrío, shiver, chill.
escalón, m., step.
escama, scale (of fishes), scaly piece (of a coat of mail).
escamado, irritated, worried.
escandalizado, shocked, scandalized.
escándalo, scandal; con grave —, to the great horror.
escandaloso, scandalous.
escapar(se), to escape, run away.
escaparate, m., show-window.
escape, m., flight; á todo —, in greatest haste.
escapulario, scapulary.
escasear, to decrease, be scarce.
escasísimo (from escaso), very scanty.
escaso, scanty, small, rare.
escena, scene, stage.
escenario, scenery, stage, stage-direction.
esclamación = exclamación.
esclavitud, f., slavery.
esclavo, -a, slave.
escoger, to choose, select.
escogido, select, choice, refined.
escollo, rock (under shallow water), reef.
esconder, to hide, conceal; estar escondido, to be in hiding.
escondidamente, secretly.
escopeta, gun; — de dos cañones, double-barreled gun.
escopetazo, (gun-)shot.
escote, m., low-cut neck (of a dress).
escribir, to write.
escrúpulo, scruple; —s de conciencia, conscientious scruples; —s de doncella, exaggerated scruples.
escuchar, to listen (to), hear.
escudo, escutcheon; shield.
escudriñar, to search, examine.
escuela, school.
escueto, free, unencumbered.
Esculapio, Aesculapius (among Greeks and Romans a god of healing).
escultor, m., sculptor.
escultura, sculpture; pl., carved or molded figures.
escultural, of sculpture; modelo —, sculptor's model.
escupir, to spit; discharge (balls from fire arms).
ese, -a, -os, -as (adj.); ése, -a, -os, -as, eso (pron.); that, those; eso de, that of; á eso de, at about; por eso, for that reason.
esencia, essence.
esencial, essential, main.
esfera, sphere; condition.
esférico, spherical, round.
esforzar (ue), to strengthen, raise (the voice).
esfuerzo, effort, strength.
esmeralda, emerald.
esmero, great care, diligent attention.
esnudo = desnudo.
espaciarse, to walk, stroll.
espacio, space, place.
espacioso, spacious, large.
espada, sword.
espadaña: campanario de —, belfry consisting of a single wall (in which are openings for the bells).
espalda, shoulder, back; dar la —, volver la —, to turn one's back.
espantajo, scare-crow.
espantar, to terrify.
espanto, horror, fright.
espantosamente, in a frightful manner.
espantoso, frightful.
España, Spain.
español, -a, Spanish; á la española, in Spanish style.
esparcir(se), to scatter, spread.
especial, special.
especialmente, especially.
especie, f., species, kind.
espectáculo, spectacle, scene, sight, aspect.
espectador, -a, spectator.
espejillo (dim.), little mirror.
esperanza, hope, expectation, anticipation.
esperar, to expect, hope, wait (for).
espesísimo (from espeso), very dense.
espeso, thick, dense.
espesura, thicket.
espetar, to put on a spit; tell.
espíritu, m., spirit, mind.
espiritual, spiritual.
espléndido, splendid, beautiful.
espolvorear, to sprinkle, powder.
esposo, -a, husband, wife; pl., married couple.
espuela, spur.
espuma, foam, froth.
espumarajo, foam, froth.
espumoso, foaming, sparkling.
esquilador, m., sheep-shearer.
esquina, corner.
esquivar, to avoid, evade.
esquivo, stubborn, coy, reserved; ¡esquiva! my lady disdain!
establecer, to establish, settle.
estación, f., station, season.
estado, state, estate, position, condition, class; Estado Mayor, General Staff.
estallar, to break out (into rage or fury), explode.
estameña, serge.
estampar, to stamp, imprint.
estampido, report (of a gun, etc.).
estancia, room.
estandarte, m., banner.
estanque, m., pond.
estaño, tin.
estar, to be; —se, to stand, be, stay; — en todo, to think of everything; ¿esta Vd.? do you understand?
estatua, statue.
estatura, stature.
este, -a, -os, -as (adj.); éste, -a, -os, -as, esto (pron.); this, those; éste, the latter; este á quien, the one whom; á todo esto, withal; esto es, that is (it); en esto, at this moment.
estela, wake, track (of a ship).
estenso = extenso.
estilo, style, manner of speaking; por el —, similar (things), such as the following.
estimar, to esteem, deem.
estirar, to pull.
estofa, condition, quality, kind.
estofado, stew.
estómago, stomach.
estorbar, to bother, be in the way, detain.
estrago or —s, havoc.
estrambótico, eccentric, odd.
estrangular, to strangle.
estratégico, strategic.
estrechamente, closely.
estrechar, to tighten, close in upon.
estrechez, f., narrowness, stringency.
estrecho, narrow, tight; — abrazo, affectionate embrace.
estrella, star, fate.
estrellado, starry, full of stars.
estrellar, to dash to pieces, break.
estremecerse, to shudder, tremble, quiver.
estrépito, bustle, noise.
estrepitoso, boisterous.
estribo, stirrup.
estrofa, strophe, stanza.
estruendo, crash, noise.
estrujar, to squeeze; — como una breva, to squeeze the life out of one.
estudiar, to study.
estudio, study, application (to books and learning).
estupefacto, stunned, amazed, stupefied.
estupendo, stupendous, wonderful.
estúpido, stupid, dull.
estupor, m., stupor.
estuviera, estuviese, imp. subjs. of estar.
estuve, —iste, —o, etc., pret. of estar.
etc. = etcétera, et cætera.
éter, m., air, highest regions above.
eterno, eternal, long.
etiqueta, etiquette; andarse con —s, to be ceremonious, formal.
evadir, to evade.
evangélico, evangelical, gospel —.
evangelio, gospel.
evitar, to avoid, avert, save (from disagreeable things).
evónimus, m., prick-wood (Euonymus europaeus).
exactitud, f., exactness.
exagerar, to exaggerate.
exaltación, f., enthusiasm, exaltation, imagination.
exaltar, to exalt, excite.
examen, m., examination.
examinar, to examine, investigate.
exangüe, bloodless.
exánime, weak, faint.
exasperar, to exasperate, offend.
excedente, superfluous, exceeding, dismissed; — por reforma, temporarily removed from office, "laid off".
excelencia, excellence, superiority, advantage, merit.
Excelentísimo (from excelente), most excellent, your (his) Excellency.
excepcional, peculiar, extraordinary.
excesivo, excessive.
exceso, excess; en —, excessively.
excitar, to excite, arouse.
exclamación, f., clamor, exclamation.
exclamar, to exclaim.
excluir, to exclude.
exclusiva, exclusiveness; vivir de —s, to delight in being exclusive.
excluyendo, pr. p. of excluir.
excrescencia, hunch, excrescence.
excusa, excuse, apology.
excusar, to excuse, avoid, omit; excuso, it is needless; lo excusado, the impossible.
exento, exempt, free.
exhalar, to exhale.
exigir, to demand, exact.
eximir, to exempt.
existencia, life, existence.
existir, to exist.
éxito, outcome, success.
exordio, preamble, exordium.
exornar, to embellish (with rhetorical figures).
expediente, m., expedient, pretext; motive, plan.
expender, to spend.
expensa, expense; à sus —s, at their own cost.
experiencia, experience.
expiación, f., expiation.
expiar, to expiate, atone for.
expiatorio, expiatory, atoning.
expirar, to expire, die.
explicaderas, pl., manner of explaining oneself.
explicar, to explain; —se, to be explained.
exponer, to expose, explain, submit; —se, to expose oneself.
expositor, -a, expounder, explainer.
expresamente, expressly.
expresar, to express.
exprimir, to squeeze, press out.
expulsar, to drive out.
expuso, pret. of exponer.
exquisito, exquisite, perfect.
extasiar, to enrapture; —se (en), to go into ecstasies (over).
éxtasis, m., ecstasy, trance.
extático, ecstatic, entranced.
extender (ie), to stretch out, extend; —se acerca de, to enlarge upon.
extinguirse, to die away.
extraer, to extract, draw.
extrajudicialmente, extrajudicially, not legally required.
extranjero, stranger; foreign countries.
extrañar(se), to wonder, be astonished; no es de —, it is not to be wondered at.
extrañeza, astonishment, wonder, amazement.
extraño, strange, unusual; noun, stranger.
extravagancia, madness.
extravagante, wild, peculiar.
extraviado, distracted, wandering, wild.
extraviarse, to stray, go astray.
extremadamente, extremely, greatly.
Extremadura, prop. noun, (province of Spain, southwest of New Castile and bounded on the west by Portugal).
extremar, to go to extremes; — la marcha, to resort to the utmost speed.
extremo, end, border, edge, excess; en tal —, to such a degree (as to); en (or con) —, extremely; por el —, on the very edge.
fábrica, factory, manufactory.
fabricar, to build, manufacture, devise.
fábula, fable, story.
facción, f., faction; pl., features, countenance.
fácil, easy; lo — que, how easy.
facilitar, to facilitate.
fácilmente, easily.
facineroso, criminal.
facultativo, physician.
facundia, facundity, eloquence.
fachada, façade, front.
faena, work, task.
falaz, fallacious, delusive.
falda, skirt.
faldeo, slope, foot of a mountain.
falso, false, forged.
falta, lack, wrong, fault; hacer —, to be needed.
faltar, to lack, fail; be absent or missing; — á, to be wanting in, fail in.
faltriquera, pocket.
falucho, sailboat (with lateen sail), felucca.
fallecer, to die.
fama, fame, reputation.
familia, family; Sacra —, Holy Family (Jesus, Mary, and Joseph).
familiarizado, familiar, accustomed.
famoso, famous.
fantasía, fancy, imagination.
fantasma, m., phantom.
fardo, bale, bundle.
farol, m., lantern.
farolillo (dim. of farol), small lantern.
fastidiar, to trouble, disgust, bore; —se, to be bored, annoyed.
fastidio, ennui, lassitude.
fatal, fatal, ominous.
fatiga, fatigue.
fatigado, worn out, tired.
fatigar, to fatigue, tire.
fatigosamente, painfully.
fatigoso, tiresome; anxious, worried.
fauces, f. pl., jaws.
favor, m., favor; á — (de), for, in favor, on account (of); hágame usted el —, please, if you please.
faz, f., face.
fe, f., faith; por mi —, á — mía, upon my word; á — de quien soy, on my honor; á — (que), upon my word (that).
fealdad, f., ugliness, hideousness.
febril, feverish.
fecundo, fecund, ingenious, rich.
fecha, date; para esa —, by that time.
fechoría, exploit, deed.
fegúrese = figúrese.
felicidad, f., happiness, luck, welfare.
Felipe, Philip.
feliz, happy.
femenil, feminine; servidumbre —, maid-servants.
fénix, m., phoenix; marvel.
fenomenal, phenomenal, extraordinary.
fenómeno, phenomenon.
feo, ugly, hideous, homely.
feona (aug. of fea), ugly old woman.
féretro, bier.
feria, fair.
Fernán, Ferdinand.
feróstico, grim, fierce.
férreo, iron.
Ferrolana, prop. noun.
festín, m., feast, banquet.
festividad, f., festivity.
fiar, to trust, entrust; —se (de), to trust (to).
ficticiamente, fictitiously, in imagination.
fidelidad, f., faithfulness.
fidelísimo, most faithful.
fiel, faithful, true.
fiera, wild beast.
fiero, fierce, furious.
fiesta, festival, holiday, feast.
Fígaro, prop. noun (the pen-name of Mariano José de Larra, the author of El Castellano viejo).
figura, figure.
figurar (con), to represent (by); —se, to imagine, think.
figurilla, small figure.
fijarse (en), to look (at), notice.
fijo, fixed.
fila, row, line; — avanzada, advance line.
filiación, f., pedigree; description; número de —, ship's number.
filológico, philological, grammatical.
filosofía, philosophy.
filósofo, philosopher.
filtrar, to filter.
fin, m., end, object; al —, en —, por —, finally, at last, in short; after all; á — de (que), in order to (that); un sin —, an endless number; tener —, to have an end.
fincar, to buy land.
fineza, favor, kindness, gallantry; morsel.
fingir, to feign, pretend.
fino, fine, perfect, well-bred, cultivated.
finura, tact, good manners, courtesy.
firme, firm, strong, stiff, constant; en —, hard; de —, severely; copiously, in torrents (as rain).
firmemente, firmly.
firmeza, firmness.
firmísimo (from firme), very firm.
fiscal, m., attorney-general, prosecuting attorney.
físico, physical.
fisiólogo, physiologist.
fisonomía, physiognomy, features.
flacucho, flabby, lean, soft and weak.
flamante, flaming, brand-new.
flanco, side (of a ship).
flanquear, to flank.
flaqueza, weakness, faintness.
flaquísimo (from flaco), very lean, lank.
flojo, loose, lax; shallow; small.
flojón (aug. of flojo), lazy, good-for-nothing; más que —es, worse than good-for-nothing.
flor, f., flower; — de mano or de tela, artificial flower.
Flora, prop. noun (in Roman mythology, the goddess of flowers. She was worshipped mostly by young maidens).
florecita, little flower.
florero, vase, flower-pot.
florete, m., foil (a sword used in learning to fence).
flotante, flowing, floating.
flotar, to float.
flúido, fluid.
foco, focus.
fogata, bonfire, blaze.
folio, leaf, page, name-plate.
fomentar, to foment, encourage.
fonda, inn, hotel, restaurant.
fondo, bottom, depth, background; heart, character.
foque, m., jib.
forastero, strange (not living in the place); noun, stranger.
forcejear, to struggle, make violent efforts.
forma, form, shape.
formación, f., formation; ¡a la —! fall in!
formalmente, seriously.
formar, to form, compose, fall in.
fórmula, formula, prescribed rule.
fornido, strong, sturdy.
forraje, m., forage, grain, hay, grass.
forrar, to line, upholster.
fortaleza, fortress.
fortuna, fortune, success.
fósforo, match.
foso, ditch, moat.
frac, m., dress-coat, evening coat.
fracaso, defeat, failure.
frágil, frail.
fragilidad, f., frailty.
fragmento, fragment, piece.
fraile, m., friar, brother.
francamente, frankly, innocently.
francés, -esa, French.
Francisca, Frances.
franco, frank, open.
frangollar, to do a thing carelessly.
franqueza, freedom, frankness.
fraques, pl. of frac.
frase, f., phrase, sentence.
frecuente, frequent.
fregar (ie), to wash (as dishes).
freir, to fry; — á uno la sangre, to make one's blood boil.
freno, bridle, bit; restraint.
frente, f., forehead, brow; — á, opposite, across the street, facing; de — (as a sail), full.
fresca, rudeness, news.
fresco, fresh, new, cool.
frescura, coolness.
fríamente, coldly.
frío, cold; tener —, to be cold.
frito (p. p. of freir), fried.
frondoso, leafy.
frotar, to rub.
fruncir; — las cejas or los ojos, to knit one's brows, frown.
fruta, fruit.
fruto, fruit; result, effect.
fuego, fire; — graneado, incessant firing; alto el —, cease firing; — fatuo (ignis fatuus), will-o-the-wisp; ¡— de Dios! Bless me! Goodness!
Fuencarral, prop. noun (a street leading to the Puerta del —, on the north side of Madrid).
fuente, f., fountain, spring.
fuer; á — de soldado, since you were a soldier.
fuera, fuese, imp. subjs. of ser and ir.
fuera, out, outside, away; — de sí, beside oneself; ¡—! clear the way! begone!
fuerte, m., stronghold, fort; adj., strong, stout.
fuertemente, strongly, violently.
fuerza, strength, force; á la —, por —, by force; á — de, by dint of, through; en — de, on account of.
fuga, flight.
fugarse, to escape.
fuí, fuiste, fué, etc., pret. of ser and ir.
fulgente, refulgent, brilliant.
fulmíneo, with thunder and lightning; flashing.
fumar, to smoke.
funcionar, to act, work.
fundado, (well) founded, justified.
fundar, to found, base, establish; —se en, to take as a principle.
fundo, estate.
funerario, funeral.
funesto, sad, lamentable, fatal.
furia, fury.
furibundo, wild, furious.
furioso, furious, angry.
furor, m., fury, rage.
furtivo, furtive.
fusil, m., rifle.
futuro, betrothed.
gabán, m., great-coat, overcoat.
gabinete, m., dressing-room, boudoir; small sitting-room.
gacetilla (dim. of gaceta), (local) news columns (of a newspaper).
gaje, m., pay; algunos —s, a small compensation.
gala, -s, finery, wedding-dress(es).
galán, m., gallant, wooer.
galante, gallant.
galardón, m., reward.
Galatea, prop. noun. (Ovid tells a pretty legend of Pygmalion, a sculptor of Cyprus, who fell in love with a beautiful ivory statue of his own carving. In answer to his ardent prayer, Venus gave life to the statue which became his wife. Her name was Galatea.)
galeno, physician (from Galeno, Galen, celebrated physician of ancient Greece).
galería, gallery.
galón, m., galloon, braid.
galope, m., gallop.
gallardamente, gracefully.
gallardía, gracefulness, beauty.
gallardo, gallant, handsome, graceful.
Gallego (Juan Nicasio), prop. noun (b. 1777, d. 1853; a forceful writer of polished verse; best known for the verses in which he urged Spain to resist the invasion of the French under Napoleon).
Gallegos (José Rafael de), prop. noun (b. 1785, d. 1851; a statesman of Costa Rica, and president of that republic from 1845 to 1846).
gallina, hen, chicken.
gallinero, chicken-coop, hen-house.
gallo, cock.
gana or —s, desire, mind; lo que le dé la —, whatever you please; con tanta —, so heartily; de mala —, unwillingly.
ganado, live-stock, cattle.
ganancia, reward, profit, gain.
ganar, to gain, earn, win; —se el pan, to earn one's living.
ganso, goose.
gañán,[gañan] m., laborer, boor.
garbanzo, chick-pea (an indispensible dish in Spain).
garbo, grace, refined manners.
garganta, throat. gasa, gauze.
gastar, to spend, expend, wear; — un sentío (= sentido), — un costao (= costado), to spend a fortune.
gato, cat; sly person; — de Madrid, tricky Madrilenian.
gavia, main-topsail; yard-arm.
gazmoño, hypocritical, dissembling.
gaznate, m., throat, gorge, throttle.
gemido, groan, moan, sighing.
general, m., general; — de brigada, brigadier general.
generalizarse, to become general; begin.
género, kind; todo —, all kinds.
generoso, generous; fine, rich (as wine).
Genieys, prop. noun (town in France, in the Department of Aveyron).
genio, genius, character, temper, humor.
gente or —s, f., people, men.
gentil, genteel, graceful, pretty, fine.
gentileza, gentility.
gentilmente, prettily, daintily.
gentío, crowd.
genuino, genuine.
Gerardo, Gerard.
gesticular, to gesticulate.
gestión, f., effort, step, measure.
gestionar, to solicit.
gesto, gesture, look.
geta = jeta, thick-lips, "mug."
Gibraltar, prop. noun (town and fortified rock at the southern extremity of Spain; it belongs to England).
gigantazo (aug.), huge giant.
giganteo, gigantic.
gigantesco, gigantic.
gime, pr. ind. of gemir.
girar, to turn, revolve.
gitanico (dim. of gitano), little gipsy.
gitano, gipsy.
glóbulo, globule.
gloria, glory, ecstacy, heavenly bliss.
glorificar, to glorify, exalt, praise.
glorioso, glorious, blessed.
gnomo, goblin.
gobierno, government.
Goliat, Goliath.
golosina, sweet-meat, delicacy.
goloso, fond of dainties; por —, for being fond of dainties.
golpe, m., blow, stroke, clang, onslaught; de —, all at once; de — y porrazo, quickly, all at once; — de mar, billow, heavy sea (breaking over the deck).
golpear, to beat, clatter; — de tambores, beating of drums.
golpecito (dim. of golpe), tap.
gollería or gullería, dainty; pedir —s, to ask for unreasonable things.
gordo, fat, obese, corpulent, big, great; de puro —, from sheer obesity.
gorjeo, warbling.
gorra or gorro, cap.
gota, drop.
gotear, to drip, fall drop by drop.
gótico, gothic.
gozar (de), to enjoy.
gozo, delight, joy.
grabar, to engrave.
gracia, grace, wit, witty saying; pl., thanks, thank Heaven; estar de —, to be in good humor; en — de Dios, for goodness' sake; —s á que, thanks to the fact that.
graciosamente, gracefully.
grada, step, stair, projection.
grado, grade, rank, degree.
gramática, grammar.
Granada, Granada (capital of the province of Granada; pop., 70,000; in southeastern Spain. Granada is famous on account of the natural beauty of its surroundings and the remains of Moorish architecture, the chief of which is the Alhambra. It was the last stronghold of the Moors in Spain, and was captured by the Catholic kings, Ferdinand and Isabella, in 1492, the year America was discovered).
granadino, from Granada.
gran(de), great, large, old, grown-up.
grandeza, greatness; grandeur.
grandísimo (from grande), very large.
graneado; see fuego.
granito, granite.
grano, grain; un — de sal, a pinch of salt.
granuja, m., urchin, little rogue.
grasa, grease.
grasiento, greasy.
grato, pleasing; grateful.
grave, grave, serious.
gravedad, f., seriousness.
graznar, to croak; gobble.
greñas, f. pl., matted hair.
gresca, wrangle, quarrel.
griego, Greek.
grifo, griffin (a fabulous monster, half lion, half eagle).
gris, grey.
gritar, to shout, cry.
grito, cry, scream, call, shouting.
grosería, rudeness.
grosero, rough, coarse, plain.
grueso, thick, stout, dense.
gruñido, grunt.
grupa, croup, crupper (of a horse).
grupo, group.
gruta, grotto.
Guadarrama, prop. noun (mountain range north of Madrid).
guantá = guantada.
guantada, slap.
guantelete, m., gauntlet.
guapo, handsome, bold; noun, ¡—! my handsome fellow!
guarda, m., guard, keeper, watchman.
guardacantón, m., curb-stone.
guardar, to keep, put away; guard; —se de, to keep from, take care not to, beware of.
guardia, m. or f., guard; policeman; — del Ayuntamiento, municipal policeman.
guardián, m., guard, keeper.
guarecerse, to take refuge.
guarida, hiding-place, cave.
guarnecer, to adorn, garnish, trim.
guasa, jest; poca —, this is no joke.
güelva = vuelva.
guerra, war, strife, hostility.
guerrero, warrior, soldier.
guía, m., guide.
guillave, m., fruit of the quisco (in Chile).
guiñar, to wink; — un ojo, to wink.
guiño; hacer —s, to wink.
guisa, manner; á — de, like.
guitarra, guitar.
gustar, to please, like; le gusta á usted, you like; usted me gusta á mí, I like you.
Gustavo, Gustavus.
gusto, taste, pleasure; á —, gladly, with pleasure, to the taste (of); hacer su —, to do as one pleases, follow one's own bent; á mi —, as well as I should like.
ha, see haber.
Habana; la —, Havana (the capital of Cuba).
habanero, Havanese.
habano, from Havana.
haber, m., property, income.
haber, to have; hay, there is (are); — de or que, to have to, must, will; ha de estar, is to be; había, there was (were); no hay para qué decir or no hay que decir, it is needless to say; no se ha de decir, it shall not be said; no hay que hablarle, it is useless to speak to him; lo que hay que hacer, what is to be done; dos años ha, two years ago; no ha muchos años, not many years ago.
hábil, skillful.
habilidad, f., skill, ability, cleverness.
habilitar, to equip, get ready, fit up.
hábilmente, skillfully.
habitación, f., room, dwelling.
habitante, m., inhabitant.
habitar, to inhabit, dwell (in).
hábito, habit, dress, garment; pl., garb of an ecclesiastic.
hablar, to speak.
hacer, to make, do, have (+ an infin.); —se, to become; — alto, to halt, stop; —lo bueno, to prove it; — dormir, to put to sleep; —se á la mar, to set sail; —se como que, to act as if, pretend; —se cargo de, to take possession of, realize, consider; —se á un lado, to keep out of the way; —se sordo á, to pretend not to hear; — de las tuyas (suyas, etc.), to be at your (his, etc.) tricks; se haría mal (en), it would be doing wrong (to); lleva hechas, he has made, he has to his credit; hace dos años, two years ago; me hice ... escalera, I pretended to go upstairs; hizo sitio, gave place; haz lo que debas y suceda lo que suceda, do what is right and let come what may.
hacia, towards; — arriba, upwards.
hacienda, property, estate, plantation.
hacinamiento, mass, pile.
hado, fate, destiny, inevitable doom.
haga, pr. subj. of hacer.
hallar, to find, consider; —se, to be.
hallazgo, finding, discovery.
hambre, f., hunger; tener —, to be hungry.
haraposo, ragged.
harina, flour or meal (of wheat or maize); — tostada, roasted meal.
harmonía, harmony.
harto, enough; tired, weary, bored.
hasta, until, as far as, as many as, even; — aquí, so far; — que, — tanto que, until.
hay, see haber.
haya, pr. subj. of haber.
haz, imper., 2d pers. sing., of hacer.
hazaña, feat, achievement.
he; — aquí, behold, here is, the following is.
hecha; de esta —, from this time.
hechizo, witchcraft, sorcery.
hecho, p. p. of hacer; noun, event, deed, act, fact; á lo — pecho, we must make the best of what we have done.
helado, icy, cold.
henchir (i), to fill.
hercúleo, herculean.
Heredia, prop. noun.
hereje, m., heretic.
herencia, heir-loom.
herida, wound.
herir (ie), to wound, strike.
hermanarse, to love one another as brothers.
hermanito (dim.), little brother.
hermosear, to beautify, enhance.
hermoso, lovely, fine, beautiful.
héroe, m., hero.
heroico, heroic.
herrada, pail, bucket.
hervir (ie), to boil.
heterogéneo, heterogeneous, dissimilar in nature.
hice, -iste, hizo, etc., pret. of hacer.
hiciera, hiciese, imp. subjs. of hacer.
hielo, ice.
hierba, herb, grass, plant.
hierro, iron.
higa, charm, amulet (shaped like an higo, fig).
higiene, f., hygiene.
higiénico, hygienic.
hijita (dim.), little daughter.
hijo, -a, son, daughter; product, result; hijos, children.
hilera, file, row.
hilo, thread.
himno, hymn.
hinojo; de —s, kneeling.
hipocresía, hypocrisy.
hipócrita, m. or f., hypocrite.
hipotecario, pertaining to mortgages.
hirviendo, pr. p. of hervir.
hirviente, boiling, glowing.
historia, history, story.
histórico, historical.
hocico, snout, muzzle.
hogar, m., hearth, home.
hoguera, bonfire; stake.
hojalata, tin.
hojarasca, thick foliage.
¡hola! interj., hello!
holocausto, holocaust, sacrifice.
hollar (ue), to tread upon.
hombre, man; ¡— de Dios! man alive!
hombro, shoulder.
homeopático, homœopathic, tiny.
honda, sling-shot.
hondo, deep; lo más —, the most retired part.
hondura, depth.
honor, m., honor, fame; pl., dignity, rank.
honra, honor.
honradez, f., honesty; hay mucha —, honesty prevails.
honrado, honest, respectable.
honroso, honest, decent.
hora, hour; á estas horas, at this hour; —s muertas, leisure hours.
horda, horde, band.
horizonte, m., horizon.
hormiga, ant.
hormiguero, ant-hill.
hornacina, (vaulted) niche.
horno, furnace.
horrorizado, terrified, shocked.
hospital, m., hospital, poorhouse; — provincial, Provincial Insane Asylum.
hostigar, to harass, molest, trouble.
hostil, hostil, adverse.
hoy, to-day; — en día, now-a-days.
hoyo, hole, grave.
huaso (or guaso), herdsman, "cowboy" (in Chile, called huaso or guaso; in Argentina, gaucho; in Mexico, vaquero).
hube, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of haber.
hubiera, hubiese, imp. subjs. of haber.
hueco, gap, hollow, intermission.
huéleme, see oler.
huelga, strike; declararse en —, to strike.
huella, track.
huérfano, orphan; — de padre, fatherless.
huerta, garden, garden land(s).
hueso, bone, stone, core, pit.
huésped, -a, boarder, guest.
huevo, egg.
huir, to flee, shun; ¡qué había de —!, why should I run away!; me huye Vd. la cara, you avoid me, refuse to look at me.
hule, m., oil-cloth.
humanidad, f., humanity.
humano, human; en lo —, during his life on earth.
humear, to smoke.
humedad, f., dampness, moisture.
humedecer, to moisten; —se, to become wet, tear-stained.
húmedo, damp.
humildad, f., humility, modesty.
humildemente, humbly.
humildito (dim.), humble, modest.
humo, smoke.
humor, m., humor, fluid (of the body).
hundir, to submerge; —se, to sink.
huracán, m., hurricane.
hurtadillas; á —, by stealth.
hurto, theft.
húsar, m., hussar.
huyeron, pret. of huir.
huyo, huyes, huye, etc., pr. ind. of huir.
iba, imp. ind. of ir.
icen = dicen.
idas; — y venidas, going and coming.
idea, idea, thought.
idear, to form or conceive an idea, imagine.
idéntico, identical.
identificado, identified.
idioma, m., language.
iglesia, church.
ignorar, not to know, be ignorant of; se ignora, (it) is not known.
igual, equal, uniform, unvaried, the same.
igualmente, likewise.
ijar, m., flank; apretarse los —es, to hold one's sides.
Ildefonso, Alphonsus; San —, Saint Alphonsus Liguari (b. at Marianelli, near Naples, in the year 1696, d. in 1787. He became famous through his marvelous religious activity, and the great number of dogmatic works he had written).
iluminar(se), to light up.
ilusión, f., illusion.
imagen, f., image, figure, statue.
imitar, to imitate.
impaciente, impatient.
impasible, insensible to pain, impassible.
impávido, undaunted.
impedir (i), to impede, keep from, prevent.
imperio, empire, dominion.
imperioso, imperious.
impermeable, water-proof; — de lona, water-proof coat (of canvas).
impertérrito, undaunted, intrepid.
impertinencia, impertinence, folly, nonsense; plur., impertinent or superfluous things.
ímpetu, m., impetus; se abrió toda con —, was suddenly flung wide open.
impetuoso, impetuous.
implorar, to implore.
imponente, imposing.
imponer, to impose; —se, to take upon oneself.
importancia, importance, significance.
importar, to be of importance, matter; no importa, it does not matter, he does not mind it; lo que no le importa, what does not concern him.
impregnado, imbued, impregnate, pervaded, filled.
impreso (p. p. of imprimir), imprinted.
improperio, reproach, invective, contemptuous remark.
impropio (de), unfit, unsuitable (to).
improvisado, improvised.
improvisar, to extemporize.
improviso; de —, suddenly, unexpectedly.
imprudentemente, imprudently.
impuesto (p. p. of imponer), well informed, acquainted.
impulsar, to impel, give impulse.
impulso, impulse; á — de, under the influence of; dan —s de, one is tempted (to).
inanimado, inanimate.
incansable, indefatigable.
incapaz, incapable.
incesante, incessant, ceaseless.
incesantemente, incessantly.
incitar, to incite.
incivilizado, uncivilized, barbarous.
inclinación, f., inclination, act of inclining; bow; hacer —, to tip (as a dish); — de las espaldas, stooping.
inclinado, inclined; — sobre él, leaning or bending over him.
inclinar, to incline, hold or turn down (to anything); —se, to bow, stoop; se inclinaban junto á ella, bent over her.
incluso, including.
incógnito, incognito, lack of name.
incomodar, to inconvenience, annoy; —se, to be annoyed, disturbed.
incómodo, inconvenient, uncomfortable.
incomparable, matchless.
incomprensible, incomprehensible.
inconsiderado, inconsiderate, thoughtless, illogical.
inconstante, fickle, changeable.
inconveniente, m., objection, difficulty, inconvenience; annoyance; adj., unbecoming, improper.
incorporarse, to straighten up, rise, sit up.
increado, increate, self-existent.
incrédulo, unbeliever, sceptic; adj., incredulous.
incultivable, incapable of cultivation.
incurrir, to incur.
indecisión, f., irresolution.
indeciso, uncertain.
indefectiblemente, unfailingly; en que — paseaba, in which he never failed to take a walk.
indefenso, defenceless, helpless.
indeleble, indelible.
independiente, independent(ly); —s entre sí, independent of one another.
indescriptible, indescribable.
indiano, one who has resided in las Indias, the Indies; Nabob (returning from India or America).
Indias; las —, the Indies (East or West).
indiferencia, indifference; con —, indifferently, in a careless manner.
indiferente, indifferent.
indignado, indignant.
indignar, to irritate, anger, tease.
indigno, unworthy, wicked.
indio, Indian.
indispuesto, ill, indisposed.
indito (dim.), little Indian.
individuo, individual, person, man, member, fellow.
índole, f., nature, characteristic.
indomable, unwieldy.
indómito, wild.
indudable, certain, doubtless.
indudablemente, doubtless.
indulgencia, indulgence, absolution.
industria, industry.
inefable, unspeakable.
inerte, inert, lifeless.
inescrutable, inscrutable.
inexplicable, incomprehensible.
inextinguible, inextinguishable, perpetual.
infalibilidad, f., infallibility.
infamador, -a, defamer.
infame, m., wretch; adj., infamous, despicable.
infancia, infancy.
infante, -a, prince (princess) of royal blood.
infantil, childish, childlike; caterva —, crowd of children.
infeliz, m. or f., poor wretch, feeble-minded person; adj., unfortunate, wretched, silly, poor.
infernal, infernal, disgusting.
infierno, infernal regions, hell; confusion.
ínfimo, low, lowest; least.
infinidad, f., infinity, endless number.
infinito, endless, infinite.
inflamación, f., inflammation.
inflamatorio, inflammatory.
inflexible, relentless.
informalidad, f., indiscretion, neglect of conventionalities.
informarse (de), to make inquiries (about), investigate.
infranqueable, insurmountable.
infructuoso, fruitless, unsuccessful.
infundir, to pour, infuse, inspire (with); arouse.
ingeniero, engineer.
ingenuidad, f., candor, openness.
ingenuo, ingenuous, open, frank; ingenious.
ingerir (ie), to insert, place among other things.
inglés, -a, English.
ingrato, ungrateful, mean.
ingratón, -ona (aug.), ungrateful; noun, ingrate.
ingresar, to enter, come in.
ingreso, ingress, entrance.
inhospitalario, dreary, inhospitable.
inicial, initial.
injusto, unjust, wrongful.
inmediatamente, immediately.
inmediato, near, next, immediate.
inmenso, immense.
inmigración, f., immigration; tomar el camino de la —, to leave for foreign parts.
inmóvil, motionless.
inmovilidad, f., immobility.
inmutable, unalterable.
innato, innate, inborn.
inocencia, innocence.
inocente, innocent, simple.
inquietarse, to worry, be troubled.
inquieto, uneasy, restless, worried; de —, with (for) uneasiness.
inquietud, f., uneasiness, anxiety.
insaciable, insatiable.
insalubre, unhealthful.
inseguro, unsteady, faltering.
insensato, mad, insensate.
insigne, notable, illustrious, distinguished.
insinuación, f., hint, suggestion.
insinuante, insinuating, obliging, ingratiating.
insistir (en), to insist.
insolencias, effrontery, forwardness.
insólito, unaccustomed.
insomnio, insomnia.
inspección, f., inspection.
inspirar, to inspire, cause.
instalación, f., installation.
instantáneamente, instantly.
instante, m., moment; por —s, continually; en — tan supremo, at this supreme moment.
instinto, instinct, natural tendency.
instituto, institute (a government school of secondary instruction, where students prepare for the university. It is about equivalent to a high school).
instruido, instructed, learned, educated.
insufrible, intolerable, unbearable.
insulto, insult.
intacto, untouched, undisturbed, intact.
íntegro, complete(ly), integral, unbroken.
inteligencia, intelligence, understanding.
intemperancia, intemperance, excess.
intención, f., intention, design, view.
intensamente, intensely; — azul, deep blue.
intenso, intense, violent.
intentar, to try, attempt.
intento; al —, on purpose; adj., intent.
interceder, to intercede.
intercesión, f., intercession.
interesarse (con), to be interested (in).
interior, m., interior, mind.
interiormente, internally, in one's heart.
interlocutor, -a, speaker, questioner; su —, the one who spoke to him.
intermedio, intermediate, interposed.
interminable, endless.
internarse (en), to extend toward the interior of the country; enter, penetrate into.
interpelado, one appealed to, person, questioned or addressed.
interpretación, f., interpretation.
interpretar, to interpret, explain.
interpuesto (p. p. of interponer), placed or situated (between).
interrogar, to question.
interrumpir, to interrupt.
intervenir, to intervene, mediate, assist.
intimidad, f., intimacy.
intimidarse, to be intimidated.
íntimo, intimate, familiar, private, deep.
intolerable, unbearable.
intraducible, untranslatable.
introducción, f., introduction.
introducirse, to get in, enter.
inundar, to inundate, flood.
inútil, useless, unnecessary, in vain.
inutilidad, f., uselessness.
inútilmente, in vain.
invadiente, descending, invading.
invadir, to invade, inundate.
invariablemente, invariably.
inventar, to invent.
inverosímil, improbable, inconceivable.
inveterado, inveterate, deep-rooted.
invierno, winter.
invitar (á), to invite.
invocar, to invoke, appeal to.
involuntariamente, involuntarily.
iñor = señor.
ir, to go, go on; keep on (+ a pr. p.); vamos á (+ inf.), let us; ¡vamos! come! well!; fué rodando, went rolling; —se, to go away; me voy, I am going; ¡vámonos! let us go!; ¿cómo te va? how goes it with you?
ira or —s, anger, rage.
iracundo, angry, irate.
irascible, petulant.
irradiar, to irradiate.
irreflexivo, rash, thoughtless.
irresoluto, irresolute.
irrespetuoso, disrespectful, irreverent.
irritado, irritated, angry.
irritar, to irritate.
Isidro, prop. noun; San —, Saint Isidro ("the Ploughman", was born in the 12th century on what became the site of Madrid, of which city he is the patron saint. The día de San Isidro is the 15th of May).
izar, to hoist, raise up (on high).
izquierdo, left; por izquierda, to or on the left.
¡ja! ha!
jabón, m., soap.
jabonado, washing (with soap).
jadeante, out of breath, panting.
jamás, never, ever.
jamón, m., ham.
japonés, -a, Japanese.
jaranero, boisterous, merry.
jardín, m., garden.
jarra, jug; puesta en —s, with arms akimbo.
jarro, jug, pitcher.
jasmín, m., jasmine.
jaula, cage.
jayán, m., herculean man.
jefe, m., chief.
jente = gente.
Jerez = Jerez de la Frontera, (a town of 55,000 inhabitants, not far from Cadiz. It is here that the famous sherry [an anglicisation of Jerez] wine is made).
jergón, m., mattress (filled with straw or dry leaves).
jerigonza, jargon.
Jerónimo, Jerome.
jesto = gesto.
Jesús, Jesus; — Nazareno, Jesus of Nazareth.
jícara, chocolate pot; dipper (made of a gourd).
jilguero, linnet.
jinete, m., horseman, rider.
jirón, m., bit, piece, rag.
J. M. J. (= Jesús, María, José), Jesus, Mary, Joseph.
Joaquín, Joachim; San —, Saint Joachim (the father of the virgin Mary).
jornada, day's march.
joroba, hump.
jorobar, to tease, play a trick (on).
José, Joseph.
Josefita (dim. of Josefa), Josie.
jota, the letter j, iota; sin saber —, absolutely ignorant.
joven, young; m. and f., young man, young woman; youth.
joya, jewel, gift, precious object.
Juan, John; San —, Saint John (the Baptist).
Juana, Jane.
jubilado, retired on a pension.
jubileo, jubilee; indulgence (granted by the Pope on certain occasions, or as the reward of penitence and abstinence).
júbilo, joy, glee.
judiada, inhuman action.
judío, Jew; — errante, wandering Jew.
juego, play, game.
juegue, pr. subj. of jugar.
juez, m., judge.
jugar (ue), to play.
juguete, m., plaything.
juguetón, -ona, playful.
juicio, reason, sense, senses.
juicioso, prudent, sensible.
junco, rush, cane.
juntar, to gather together.
junto, together, joined; — á, near; tan —s, so close together.
juramento, oath.
jurar, to swear; —se unos á otros, to swear to one another.
jurisdicción, f., jurisdiction.
justamente, precisely, exactly, justly.
justicia, justice.
justificar, to justify.
justo, just.
juvenil, juvenile, girlish.
juventud, f., youth.
juzgado, court of justice, tribunal.
juzgar, to judge.
la, las; see el and le.
laberinto, labyrinth, maze.
labio, lip.
labor, f., labor, work; pl., wood-carvings, scrolls, figures.
laboriosidad, f., industry, diligence.
laborioso, industrious.
labrador, m., farmer, ploughman.
labrar, to build, construct.
ladear, to move to one side; —se, to incline to one side.
lado, side; en otro —, elsewhere; por un —, on the one hand, in the first place; de medio —, sideways, awry; á todos —s, in all directions; á un — y otro, on both sides.
ladrido, barking.
ladrillo, brick.
ladrón, -ona, thief, robber; muy —, (a) great thief.
lagartija, small lizard.
lagarto, lizard.
lágrima, tear.
lagrimón, m. (aug. of lágrima), big tear.
lamber = lamer.
Lambrijas (lambrija = earth-worm, or a very lean person), prop. noun.
lamentar, to grieve, wail.
lamento, lamentation.
lamer, to lick.
lametón, m., adulation.
lámina, sheet (of metal, water, etc.).
lana, wool; de —, woolen.
lance, m., adventure, incident.
lancha, launch, row-boat.
languidez, f., languidness, weariness.
lanzar, to hurl, utter, cast; —se, to rush upon, launch; — alaridos, to shriek.
lares, m. pl., household-gods; home.
largar, to loosen, let go; —se, to set sail; betake oneself.
largo, long; á lo — de, along.
larguísimo (from largo), very long.
lástima, pity; me dió —, I was sorry for him; ¡qué —! what a pity!; (es) — que, it is (were) a pity that.
lastimar, to hurt, injure.
látere; á —, companion.
latín, Latin; —es, smattering of Latin, Latin phrases, learning.
latir, to palpitate, thump.
latísimo (from lato), very broad.
laúd, m., catboat (long and narrow, with one lateen sail).
lavandera, laundress, washer-woman.
lavar, to wash, bathe.
lavaza, suds.
lazo, bond, tie.
le, la, lo, him, her, it (so), you; la, to her, to you; le, to him, her, it, you; les, to them, you; lo que, what, which, how; la que, she who, the one who (which); de lo que, than; lo + adj., the, how; á lo que, according to what; lo que es en esto, in this matter.
leal, loyal.
lealtad, f., loyalty.
Leandro, Leander.
lección, f., lesson.
lector, -a, reader; — amigo, dear reader.
leche, f., milk; bueno como —, as gentle as a lamb.
lecho, couch, bed.
lechuga, lettuce.
lechuguino, well-dressed.
leer, to read; al —, on reading; sólo podía —se, it could only be read.
legar, to bequeath, leave.
legítimamente, lawfully, duly.
legua, league (about 3½ English miles = about 5½ kilometres).
lejanía, distance.
lejano, distant.
lejos, far; á lo lejos, in the distance, from afar.
lengua, tongue, language; media —, broken language.
lenguage, m., language.
lengüecita (dim. of lengua), little tongue.
lentamente, slowly, deliberately.
lento, slow, long.
leña, fire-wood.
león, m., lion; fearless man.
letra, letter (of the alphabet); words (of a song); handwriting; — gorda, black-faced or large letter; — menuda, trick; sagacity, cunning.
letrado, scholar, man of letters.
letrero, sign, inscription.
leva, levy, conscription, compulsory service in the army or navy.
levantar, to raise, lift; — tiendas, to break up camp, go home; —se, to rise.
levantino, Levantine; huerta —a (in Barca abandonada), garden-lands of the east coast (of Spain).
leve, light, slight; of little importance.
ley, f., law.
leyendo, pr. p. of leer.
leyó, pret. of leer.
liar, to tie, bind; — un cigarro, to roll a cigarette.
libación, f., libation.
libertad, f., liberty, freedom.
libra, pound.
librar, to free, deliver.
libre, free.
licencia, permission.
licor, m., liquor, wine.
lidiar, to fight (bulls).
liebre, f., hare; abrir los ojos como una —, to open one's eyes wide.
ligadura, tie, fetter(s).
ligar, to bind.
ligeramente, lightly, slightly.
ligereza, flippancy; swiftness, lightness.
ligero, light, nimble, swift, slight, thin, quick(ly), lightly.
limitar(se), to limit (oneself); limitándose éstas, and these were limited.
límite, m.; sin —, boundless.
limón, m., lemon, lemonade.
limpieza, cleanliness, neatness.
limpio, clean, free, pure.
limpísimo (from limpio), very clean, immaculate.
lindeza, beauty.
lindísimo (from lindo), most lovely.
lindo, pretty; de lo —, (iron.) to our hearts' content.
línea, line.
linterna, lantern.
lío, bundle.
líquido, liquid.
liso, smooth, unmarked.
lista, list; — nominal, roll-call.
listo, ready, quick, willing, lively, bright; como —s, as for being willing.
literario, literary.
lo, los, see el and le.
lóbrego, gloomy, dark; lo —, the gloom, darkness.
local, m., place.
locamente, madly, wildly.
loco, mad-man; adj., mad, wild; volverse —, to go mad.
locura, madness.
lograr, to obtain, succeed (in); — hacer que ande, to succeed in making walk.
lomo, loin, rib, back; pasarle la mano por el —, to pat his back.
lona, canvas.
longanimidad, f., forbearance.
López, prop. noun.
lorito (dim.), small parrot.
losa, slab; flag-stone.
Lot, prop. noun (Lot's wife, upon looking back at the destruction of Sodom, was changed into a statue of salt).
lotería, lottery.
loza, porcelain.
lozano, vigorous, strong.
lucecita (dim. of luz), little light.
lucero del alba, morning star; Lucifer.
lucidísimo (from lucido), brilliant, splendid.
lucio, bright.
lucir, to display, shine, wear jauntily.
luchar, to struggle.
luego, then, immediately; desde —, at once, from the first; muy —, very quickly.
lugar, m., place, village; en — de, instead of; tener —, to take place.
lugareño, -a, villager.
lujo, luxury, pomp.
lujoso, magnificent, elegant.
lumbre, f., fire.
luminaria, illumination.
luminoso, luminous, radiant.
luna, moon.
luz, f., light, candle.
llama, flame; echando —s por los ojos, his eyes flashing with anger.
llamar, to knock, call; —se, to be called; ¿cómo se llama usted? what is your name?; á mí me llaman, my name is.
llano, plain; adj., simple, unassuming.
llanto, weeping, flood of tears.
llanura, plain.
llave, f., key.
llegada, arrival.
llegar, to arrive; — á, to begin, reach, come to (be); — y besar el santo, quick work; al que se llega, which is reached.
llenar (de), to fill, overwhelm (with); —se, to be filled.
lleno, full; de —, fully; — de, filled with.
llevar, to carry (off), wear, take, live, bear, (+ p. p.) have; —se, to carry off, win; — á cabo, to carry out; — la palabra, to be spokesman.
llorar (á), to cry, weep (over, for), mourn (for); — á gritos, to cry aloud.
lloro, weeping.
lloroso, tear-stained, red with weeping.
llover (ue), to rain; — á mares, to rain in torrents, pour.
lluvia, rain, shower.
má = más; — é = más de.
macareno, dandy, "sport"; adj., loud, boasting.
maceración, f., maceration, mortification (of the flesh).
madera, wood.
madre, f., mother; bed (of stream); salirse de —, to overflow.
madreselva, honey-suckle.
Madrid, prop. noun (pop. about 600,000; the capital of Spain; situated on the plains of New Castile. Madrid is a handsome, modern city).
madrileño, native or resident of Madrid.
madrugada, early morning, dawn, day-break.
maduro, ripe.
maestro, -a, master, mistress, teacher, master-workman.
mágico, magician.
magnífico, magnificent, splendid.
Mago, see rey.
magra, slice of ham.
maitén, m., maytenus (a tree of the genus Celastraceae, important on account of its wood and the medicinal qualities of its leaves and seeds).
maitines, m. pl., matins.
maíz, m., Indian corn, maize.
majo, dandy (of the lower classes).
mal, m., harm, evil, wrong, disease; adv., badly; si — no recuerdo, if I remember rightly.
mal-dao = mal-dado, bewitched.
maldecir, to curse.
maldición, f., curse.
maldito (p. p. of maldecir), cursed.
maléfico, malefic, injurious, mischievous.
malhechor, -a, malefactor, criminal.
malicia, evil intent.
malicioso, malicious.
maligno, evil, malignant, malicious.
malísimo (from malo), very bad.
mal(o), evil, bad, wicked, wrong; estar —, to be ill; en — sentido, with a wrong construction; lo — era, the trouble was; lo — es que, unfortunately.
maltratar, to abuse, ill-treat.
malla, mesh.
mamá, f., mother.
mamar, to suck, absorb.
manada, flock.
manantial, spring, source.
manaza (aug.), large hand.
mancha, stain, spot.
Mancha; la —, prop. noun (a province in Spain).
manchar, to stain, soil, defile.
mandamiento, commandment; echarle encima los diez —s, to lay hands on him.
mandar, to send, order, command; bien mandado, very obedient.
mandarina, mandarin (or tangerine), orange.
mandato, order, precept.
mando, order, command.
mandoble, m., broadsword.
manecita (dim. of mano), little hand.
manejar, to manage, handle.
manejo, management; intrigue, trick.
manera, manner; de igual —, in the same manner; de todas —s, however, at any rate, in any case; ¡de ninguna —!, not at all! oh no! after you!; sobre —, beyond measure.
manga, sleeve.
mango, handle.
manía, habit, mania, fad.
maniatar, to fasten or tie the hands of any one.
maniático, mad frantic, excessive.
manicomio, insane asylum.
manifestante, m., publisher.
manifestar (ie), to show, lay before, state.
manifiesto, public protestation or declaration.
manijero, manager, foreman.
maniobra, manœuvre, working of a ship.
maniobrar, to manœuvre (a ship), work, handle.
manjar, m., food, dish, victuals.
mano, f., hand; poner — á, to seize; ¡—s á la obra!, to work!; si á — viene, perhaps; que tenía más á —, that was nearest at hand.
manola, girl of the lower classes (in Madrid).
mansedumbre, f., meekness, peacefulness.
mansión, f., mansion.
manta, blanket.
manteca, fat, lard, butter; el que asó la —, a most foolish person; —s, fat, stoutness.
mantel, m., table-cloth.
mantener, to maintain; —se, to persist in.
mantilla, mantilla (head cover for women, generally made of lace).
manto, robe, mantle of state.
mantuve, —iste, —o, etc., pret. of mantener.
Manzanares, m., prop. noun (the river on which Madrid is situated).
manzanilla; vino de —, wine (kind of white wine).
mañana, morning, to-morrow; pasado —, the day after to-morrow.
máquina, engine, machine; toda aquella —, the whole thing.
maquinalmente, mechanically.
mar, m. or f., ocean, sea.
maravilla, marvel, miracle.
maravilloso, marvelous.
marcar, to mark; — huella, to leave a trace, an impression.
marcial, martial, warlike.
marcha, march, course; ¡en —! march! let us go!
marchar, to march, walk; —se, to leave, go away.
marchito, faded, withered; marchitas las esperanzas, his hopes were dead.
marea, tide.
mareante, m., mariner.
marear, to molest, vex, tire.
marejada, swell, high wave.
marfil, m., ivory.
margarita, daisy.
margen, f., border, edge.
María, Mary; — de la Cabeza, prop. noun (the wife of San Isidro); — Santísima, the Virgin Mary.
Marianito (dim. of Mariano), my dear Marion.
Mariano, Marion.
marido, husband.
marina, maritime affairs; marine; Marina Real, royal navy.
marinero, sailor; gente marinera, sea-faring folk.
marino, mariner, sailor; adj., of the sea.
mariposa, butterfly.
Mariquilla (dim. of María), Molly.
Mariquita (dim. of María), Molly.
mármol, m., marble.
marqués, -esa, marquis, marchioness.
marquesa, marchioness.
mártil = mártir.
mártir, m. or f., martyr.
martirio, martyrdom, torture.
martirizar, to torture, afflict deeply.
mas, but.
más, more, rather, longer; por — que, however much, although; á — y mejor, to their utmost capacity.
masa, mass, dough; las —s populares, the masses.
mascullar, to mumble.
mástil, m., mast.
mata, bush, shrub, under-brush.
matar, to kill.
materia, matter, question.
material, m., material; adj., corporeal, material.
materialista, m. or f., materialist.
materialmente, in reality.
matraca, wooden rattle; dar —, to tease, taunt.
matrícula, register; nombre de —, registered name.
matrimonio, marriage; married couple.
matritense, m. or f., native or resident of Madrid.
máxime, principally, especially.
mayor (comp. and sup. of grande), older, larger, greater; el or la —, the eldest, largest, greatest.
mayorcito (dim.), (a) little older.
mazapán, m., marchpane (cake made of pounded almonds and sugar).
mecer, to sway, stir, rock.
mechar, to stuff; lard with bacon.
mechón, m., large lock.
media, stocking.
mediación, f., mediation, intercession, instrumentality.
mediados; — del siglo, the middle of the century.
medianero, mediator, intercessor.
mediano, middling, ordinary.
mediante, by means of.
mediar, to mediate, intercede.
medias; á —, partly.
médico, physician.
medida, measure; á — que, in proportion as; á — del deseo, according to one's wishes.
medio, mean(s), middle; half (a); á media voz, in an undertone; en — de, in the midst of; de — á —, completely; por —, between them; media noche, midnight; por — á —, through the whole; el buen —, the golden mean.
mediodía, m., mid-day, south.
medir (i), to measure.
meditar, to meditate, consider.
Mediterráneo, Mediterranean Sea.
medrar, to thrive, grow, improve.
mejilla, cheek.
mejor, better, best; — dicho, (or) rather; á lo —, suddenly.
mejorar, to improve.
mejoría, improvement.
melancolía, melancholy.
melancólico, melancholy, sad, distressing; dreamy.
melífluo, mellifluous, flowing sweetly or smoothly.
melodía, melody, song.
melón, m., muskmelon.
memoria, memory; de —, by heart.
menester, m., necessity; es —, (it) is necessary.
menor, less, smaller, younger; el —, the least, meanest.
menos, less; por lo —, at least; ni —, much less (so) [V. y F.]; ni mucho —, far from it.
mentado, famous.
mente, f., mind.
mentir (ie), to lie; sin —, truthfully.
mentira, lie, error; parece —, it seems impossible; ¡mentira! it is a lie!
menudear, to repeat, occur repeatedly.
menudito; andar ligero y —, to trip, walk with a light quick step.
menudo, small; á —, often; por —, minutely.
merced, f., grace; su —, your Grace, you; — á, thanks to.
merecer, to deserve; estaba á —, was to be had (or won); no merece la pena, is not worth the trouble.
merecimiento, merit, desert.
merendar (ie), to lunch.
merendero, summer-house, arbor.
mérito, merit.
merluza, cod.
mermar, to lessen.
mes, m., month; el — que entra, next month.
mesa, table; — de convite, banquet-table; poner la —, to set the table, lay the cloth.
Mesías, m., Messiah.
mesita (dim. of mesa), little table.
mesmo = mismo.
metal, m., metal, brass.
metálico, metallic.
meter, to put, place; —se en, to go into, interfere in; —se de patas (en), to walk or wade (through); — en cintura, to keep in a state of subjection; —los á frailes, to make friars out of them; — manos á alguien, to get hold of someone; —se por, to enter through; metiditas en su casa, nicely tucked away in their house.
metralla, grape-shot.
mezcla, mixture.
mezclar, to mix; mezclado á, mingled with.
mi, (pl.) mis, my.
mí, me, myself; de —, for my part.
miedo, fear; tener —, to be frightened, afraid.
miel, f., honey.
miembro, member, limb.
mientras, while; — que, as long as; — tanto, meanwhile.
miga, crumb, soft part of bread; substance.
Miguel, Michael.
miguelete, m., mountain soldier.
mil, (a, one) thousand.
milagro, miracle; vida y —s, life and customs.
milagrosamente, miraculously.
milagroso, miraculous.
milicia, military force.
militar, m., officer (in the army); adj., military, martial.
millar, m., thousand.
millón (de), m., million.
mimar, to spoil.
mimoso, affected, tender.
miniatura; en —, in diminutive.
mínimo; en lo más —, in the least.
ministerio, ministry, office.
ministro, minister.
minuciosamente, minutely.
minucioso, scrupulous, exact.
minuto, minute.
mío, -a (el, la), my, mine.
mirada, look, glance.
mirar, to look (at).
misa, mass; — mayor, high mass.
miserable, wretched.
miseria, misery, suffering.
misericordia, mercy.
mismísimo (from mismo), very same.
mismito (dim.); lo — que, just like.
mismo, same, very, self; un —, one and the same; por lo —, therefore; lo — que, the same as, as well as; lo — da, it is just as well, it is all the same.
misterio, mystery, secret.
misterioso, mysterious.
misticismo, mysticism, belief in miracles.
místico, mystic, spiritual.
mitad, f., half.
mocedad, f., youth.
moco, crest (as of a turkey).
modales, m. pl., manners.
modelar, to model.
modelo, model.
moderar, to moderate, restrain, curb.
moderno, modern.
modestamente, modestly, meekly.
modo, way, manner; de un —, in a way; al — de, like; de otro —, otherwise.
mofarse, to mock, scoff.
mofletes, m. pl., chub-cheeks.
mohino; burro —, small mule.
mojar, to wet, moisten; —se, to get wet.
mojigato, hypocritical.
moler (ue), to grind.
molestar, to molest, trouble.
molido, ground; tired out, worn out.
molienda, grinding.
molinete, m. (dim. of molino), little mill; hacer — con, to wield, brandish.
molinillo, twirling-stick (with which chocolate is stirred in a chocolate-pot).
molino, mill.
mollera, crown of the head.
momento, moment; al —, immediately; — de pausa, moment of silence.
momificar, to mummify.
monadas, affectations, airs.
monasterio, monastery.
monástico, monastic.
moneda, coin.
monísimo (from mono), pretty, funny.
monje, -a, monk, nun.
mono, pretty.
monólogo, monologue.
monopolizar, to monopolize.
monótono, monotonous.
monstruo, monster.
Montaña (la), prop. noun (= a mountainous country of northern Spain, that lies on the Bay of Biscay).
montar (en), to mount.
montaraz, wild, rough.
monte, m., mountain, forest.
montón, m., pile, heap.
montoncillo (dim.), small pile.
montura, saddle, trappings of horses.
monumental, great; de — calibre, of the biggest kind.
morada, dwelling.
morador, -a, inhabitant, dweller.
moral, f., ethics, morality, morals, lesson.
morar, to dwell.
mórbido, soft, subdued.
morder (ue), to bite.
mordisco, bite, morsel; tirar un — (á), to take a bite (from).
moreno, brown, swarthy.
moribundo, dying, faint.
morir (ue), to die; —se, to be dying; —se por, to be excessively fond of.
morisco, Moorish.
moro, Moor.
mortal, mortal, implacable.
mortífero, murderous, dangerous.
mortificación, f., mortification, vexation.
mortuorio, burial; sala mortuoria, room of mourning.
moscardón, m., gadfly, horse-fly.
mostrar (ue), to show; —se, to appear.
mote, m., nickname.
motín, m., mutiny, riot.
mover (ue), —se, to move; — de, to leave.
movimiento, movement, motion, emotion.
mozo, -a, boy, young man; girl; servant; adj., young; buen —, handsome; mejor —, best-looking.
muchachito (dim.), little boy.
muchacho, -a, boy, girl.
muchachuelo (dim.), urchin.
muchedumbre, f., multitude, crowd.
muchísimo (from mucho), very much.
mucho, much, a great deal of; —s, many; ni — menos, far from it.
mudanza, change.
mudar, to change; —se, to move.
mudo, mute, silent.
muebles, m. pl., pieces of furniture, household-goods.
mueca, grimace, pout.
muelle, m., wharf, mole, pier.
muerte, f., death; de —, destined to be killed.
muerto (p. p. of morir), dead, dead person; — de miedo, frightened to death.
muestra, sign, indication.
mugre, f., grime.
mugriento, greasy, grimy.
mujer, f., woman, wife; las —es aquellas, the women.
mula, mule.
mulato, mulatto; brown horse.
mulita (dim.), little mule.
multitud, f., multitude, many.
mundanal, worldly.
mundo, world; del —, in the world; todo el —, everybody.
munición, f., see pan.
muñeca, doll; jugar á las —s, to play with dolls.
muñeco, puppet.
murió, pret. of morir.
murmuración, f., backbiting, slander.
murmurar, to murmur, stammer.
murmurio, murmuring (of a stream).
muro, wall.
muselina, muslin.
musgo, moss.
música, music; pl., bands (of music).
músico, musical.
mutuamente, mutually.
mutuo, mutual.
muy, very.
nacarado, of pearl color, pearly pink.
nacer, to be born; arise, grow.
nacimiento, birth; representation of Christ's Nativity (by wax figures, toy buildings and animals, etc. These nacimientos are made for children at Christmas).
nada, nothing, anything, not at all; excl., never mind! in vain! by all means (as in El Beso); en —, nowhere; por —, for no reason at all; sin decir —, without saying a word.
nadar, to swim, float.
nadie, no one, nobody; anyone, anybody; — más que, no one but.
naide = nadie.
napolión = napoleón, m., (a French five-franc silver piece, = about one) dollar.
naranja, orange.
naranjero, with a mouth the size of an orange (said of a blunderbuss).
naranjo, orange-tree.
Narciso, Narcissus.
naricita (dim. of nariz), little nose.
nariz, f., nose; narices, nostrils, nose; hasta las —s, down upon my nose.
narrador, -a, narrator.
nativo, native.
naturaleza, nature, kind.
naturalidad, f., naturalness, ease.
naturalmente, naturally.
navajilla (dim.), small clasp-knife.
nave, f., nave (body of a church extending from the high altar to the principal entrance. By extension nave may designate the smaller lateral spaces parallel to the principal nave, and also the body of the transept).
navegación, f., navigation, voyage.
navegante, m., navigator.
navegar, to navigate, travel, sail.
navidad, f., Christmas.
necedad, f., silliness, stupidity, folly.
necesario, necessary; todo lo — á, all that was required for.
necesidad, f., necessity.
necesitado, needy, in need.
necesitar, to need, have to.
necio, silly, foolish; ¡— de mí! fool that I was!
negar (ie), to deny, refuse; —se, to decline, refuse.
negativa, refusal, repulse.
negocio, business.
negro, black, dark; lo más —, the darkest part.
negruzco, blackish, dark brown.
Neira, prop. noun.
nene, -a, baby.
Nerón, Nero (Roman emperor, 37-68 A. D.; known for his dissolute life and his cruel persecution of the Christians).
nervio, nerve.
nervioso, nervous; vigorous.
ni, not, neither, nor, (not) even; ni... ni, neither... nor; — menos, still less.
nido, nest.
niegue, pr. subj. of negar.
nietecita (dim. of nieta), little granddaughter.
nieto, -a, grandson, granddaughter; pl., grandchildren.
nieve, f., snow.
Nieves (lit., snow, snowy weather), prop. noun.
nigromante, m., necromancer, magician.
nimio, excessive, tiresome.
ninguno, no, not any, none, any (after a negative); los —s conocimientos, the absolute lack of knowledge.
niñería, childish action.
niñez, f., childhood, youth.
niño, -a, little boy, little girl; child; muy niña, very young; Niño Dios, Christ child; — de pecho, baby; tan — como, as much of a child as.
nirvana, m., nirvana (in Buddhism the final emancipation of the soul, by annihilation or absorption into the Divine).
no, no, not; que —, no.
nocturno, nightly, lonely.
noche, f., night; por la —, at night, in the evening; Noche-Buena, Christmas eve.
nombrar, to name, mention.
nombre, m., name; mal —, nickname; á —, in the name.
nonada, trifle.
noramala (= en hora mala), in an evil hour; nos mande —, may tell us to begone.
noroeste, gale from the northwest.
nos, us, ourselves, each other.
nosotros, we, us.
nota, note.
notable, very great.
noticia, news, notice; tener — (de), to have heard of.
novedad, f., novelty, news; no hay —, all is well.
novela, novel.
novicia, novice.
novio, -a, betrothed, sweetheart.
nube, f., cloud.
nubecilla (dim.), little cloud.
nublarse, to be covered with clouds; cloud.
nuca, nape of the neck.
nudillo, knuckle.
nudo, knot.
nuera, daughter-in-law.
nuestro, our; el —, ours, of ours.
nuevamente, again.
nueve, nine; las — y media, half-past nine.
nuevo, new; de —, again, anew.
nulo, null, void of effect.
número, number.
numeroso, numerous.
nunca, never, ever.
Ñ
ño = señor.
ó, or, either; ó sea, or (may be); — ... —, whether ... or, either ... or.
obedecer, to obey.
obediencia, obedience.
objeto, object, purpose, thing; con el —, for the purpose.
oblicuo, slanting; mirada oblicua, side glance.
obligado, bound, unavoidable, necessary.
obligar, to oblige, compel, enjoin.
obra, work, task.
obrar, to work, act; obra bien, do what is right.
obscenidad, f., obscenity, lewdness.
obscurecer, to darken.
obscuridad, f., darkness, obscurity.
obscuro, dark.
obsequiar, to serve, favor, treat kindly.
obsequio, obsequiousness, civility, treat; hacer un —, to show (a) courtesy, do a favor.
observación, f., observation.
observar, to observe, notice, see.
observatorio, observatory.
obstáculo, obstacle.
obstante; no —, nevertheless.
obstinación, f., persistency, obduracy.
obtención, f., obtaining, attainment.
obtener, to obtain.
ocasión, f., occasion.
ocasionar, to cause, excite; ocasionado á, conducive to.
occidente, m., west.
ociosidad, f., idleness, leisure.
ocioso, idle.
ocultar, to hide.
oculto, concealed, secret.
ocupación, f., occupation.
ocupado, occupied, full, busy.
ocupar, to occupy; —se, to busy oneself; en lo que me ocupes, in whatever you give me to do.
ocurrencia, sally, flash of wit, sudden idea.
ocurrir(se), to occur; lo ocurrido, that which happened.
ocho, eight.
odiar, to hate.
ofender, to offend, give offense; —se, to be offended.
oficial, m., officer.
oficina, office.
oficio, office, trade, calling, service; pl., offices, services; de —, by trade.
ofrecer, to offer, propose, present; —se, to present itself, appear; ¿qué se te ofrece? what do you wish?
oído, hearing, ear; al —, in a whisper; aplicar el —, to listen attentively; dar —s, to listen.
oiga, pr. subj. of oir.
oir, to hear; —se, to be heard; hasta que se oía llamar, until she heard some one call her.
ojal, m., button-hole.
ojeroso, with dark rings under the eyes; ¡qué — está usted! what dark rings you have under your eyes!
ojiva, ogive, Gothic (or pointed) window.
ojival, Gothic.
ojo, eye; tener entre —s, to have an eye on, watch.
ola, wave.
¡ole! excl., come!
oleada, surge, billow.
oleaje, m., waves.
oler (hue), to smell; huéleme á, this savors of.
olivar, m., olive-grove.
olivo, olive-tree.
olor, m., smell.
olvidar(se), to forget, neglect, omit.
olla, round earthen pot.
omóplato, shoulder blade.
once, eleven; á las — y media, at half-past eleven.
onceja (deprec. of onza), petty ounce.
onde, ¿ónde? = donde, ¿dónde?
onza, ounce (a gold coin, worth about 16 dollars).
ópera, (grand) opera.
operar, to make, operate, take place.
opinión, f., opinion, view.
oponer, to oppose; —se (á), to be opposed to, oppose; — resistencia, to offer resistance.
oportunamente, opportunely, conveniently.
oportunidad, f., opportunity, occasion, opportuneness.
oprimir, to oppress, press.
opuesto (p. p. of oponer), opposite, opposed, contrary, adverse.
opulento, wealthy.
opusiera, imp. subj. of oponer.
oración, f., prayer.
orador, m., orator.
Orán, prop. noun (town and seaport of Algeria).
orar, to pray.
orden, m., order, class; de tercero ó cuarto —, of low rank; f., order, command.
ordenadamente, methodically; tastefully.
ordenado, orderly, regular.
ordenanza, m., orderly.
ordinariamente, generally.
orearse, to dry.
oreja, ear.
orgía, orgy, revelry.
orgulloso, proud, haughty.
orientar (en), to acquaint (with).
oriente, m., east.
origen, m., origin, cause.
orilla, bank, shore, edge.
orla, border, fringe.
oro, gold; de —, golden; el — y el moro (iron.), a fortune.
ortodoxo, orthodox.
os, you, to you.
osadía, audacity, daring.
osado, daring, bold.
osar, to dare.
oscilar, to swing, sway, hover, oscillate.
oscuridad = obscuridad.
ostentación, f., ostentation; hacer —, to boast.
ostentar, to display.
ostracismo, ostracism.
otorgar, to grant.
otro, other, another; esto ó lo —, this or that; ¡otra! again!
ovalado, oval.
oveja, ewe, sheep.
ovillo, ball (of thread); hacerse un —, to be perplexed, tangled up.
oye; oyó; oyera, oyese: see oir.
oyendo, pr. p. of oir.
P. = padre; P. P. = padres. (The initial letter is doubled to denote plurality. Cf. E. E. U. U. = Estados Unidos.)
pa = para.
Paca (coll.) = Francisca.
paciencia, patience.
pacífico, peaceful, gentle.
pacto, compact, pact.
padecer, to suffer.
padecimiento, suffering, complaint.
padre, father, priest, monk; pl., parents, forefathers; Padres de la Iglesia, Fathers of the Church (a title of honor applied to the early writers of the Christian church); Padre Provincial, see provincial; Padres de Provincia, Provincial Fathers (in the Basque provinces a body of distinguished men who were consulted in questions regarding the application of the fueros, or special privileges and exemptions of these provinces. Many of these fueros have now been abolished); — Nuestro, Lord's Prayer.
pagar, to pay.
página, page.
país, m., country.
paisano, peasant, countryman.
paja, straw.
pajarraco (aug. of pájaro), large bird.
palabra, word.
palacete, m. (dim. of palacio), little palace.
palacio, palace.
Palacio, prop. noun.
paleta; — de lavar, paddle or pallet (a flat board with a handle, used for washing the linen).
palidecer, to turn pale.
palidez, f., pallor, paleness.
pálido, pallid, pale.
palique, m., small talk, chit-chat.
palitroque, m., rough stick.
paliza, mauling, thrashing.
palma, palm.
palmada, slap.
palmera, palm-tree.
palo, stick, perch, timber, wood; mucho —, use the stick.
paloma, pigeon, dove.
palomar, m., dovecot.
palpar, to feel, touch; —se, to feel (of).
palpitante, throbbing, palpitating.
pan, m., bread, loaf of bread; — de munición, coarse brown bread (for soldiers or sailors).
panadizo, felon.
Pandemonio, pandemonium.
pandero, tambourine.
pánico, panic.
pantalón or —es, m., trousers.
pantanoso, boggy, marshy.
panza, belly, paunch, girth; hold.
paño, cloth, material.
pañuelo, handkerchief, neckerchief.
papá, m., father, papa.
papel, m., paper.
papeleo, formalities of the law, examination of papers.
paquete, m., package, bundle.
par, m., pair, couple; un — de, a few.
par, equal; á la —, equally; al — que, while.
para, for, in order to; — que, in order that; — con, for, to, towards; — bajo (= abajo), down.
parabién, m., felicitation.
paradero, whereabouts, stopping-place.
paraguas, m., umbrella.
paraíso, paradise, uppermost gallery (of a theater).
paraje, m., place.
paralizar, to paralyze.
parar(se), to stop, stay; — mientes en, to consider, observe.
pardo, (yellowish-) gray.
parecer, m., opinion; al —, apparently.
parecer, to seem, appear; —se á, to resemble; á lo que parece, as it seems; á V. ¿qué le parece? what do you think? parecido á, like; mal parecido, of evil appearance.
pared, f., wall.
paredón (aug.), m., big wall.
pareja, couple, pair.
parentesco, relationship, kinship, relatives.
pariente, -a, relative; algo —, a distant relative.
parir, to bear, give birth (to).
párpado, eyelid.
parque, m., park.
párroco, parson, priest.
Parrón, prop. noun.
parroquia, parish, paroquial church.
parte, f., side, part; dar —, to inform, give notice, report; ser —, to be sufficient; á ninguna —, nowhere; de mi —, for my part; por todas —s, everywhere.
participar, to inform, impart.
partícipe, m., participant.
particular, special, peculiar; cosa — mía, an individual grievance of mine.
particularidad, f., peculiarity.
particularmente, particularly, especially.
partida; jugar una —, to play a game.
partidario, partisan.
partir, to start, break, split; share.
pasada, trick.
pasado, past; adj., last; rancid, spoiled; días —s, some days ago, in bygone days.
pasaje, m., passage; passage-money.
pasajero, passenger, traveler.
pasaporte, m., passport.
pasar, to pass, spend, undergo, take place, happen, be going on; — de los cincuenta años, to be more than fifty years old; antes de — más adelante, before proceeding any farther; pasado de punto, overdone; ¿qué te pasa? what is the matter with you?
pascua, (solemn) church festival; — de la Resurrección, Easter; — de Navidad, Christmas; cara de —, cheerful, sweet face; más contentos que unas —s, merrier than crickets.
pasear(se), to walk, ride, drive, take a walk, walk up and down; se ve paseado, he is carried.
paseo, promenade, walk; salir de —, to go out for a walk.
pasión, f., passion; con —, passionately, ardently.
pasmoso, marvelous.
paso, step, pace, passing; dejar —, see dejar; á — largo, with long strides; de — que, so that; al — que, while; — á —, step by step, slowly; salir de mal —, to get out of a difficulty; dar —s, to take steps.
pastel, m., pie, pastry, tart.
pastelear, to satisfy both parties.
pastelero, pastry-cook; compromiser.
pasto, pasture; á todo —, exclusively, all the time.
pastor, m., shepherd.
pastorcillo (dim.), little shepherd.
pata, foot and leg of animals; rómpales una —, break their bones.
patata, potato.
patente, evident.
paternal, fatherly.
paternalmente, like a father.
patilla, whiskers.
patio, yard, inside court (in Spanish houses).
patraña, boastful story, falsehood.
patria, fatherland, native country, birth-place.
patriarcal, venerable.
patrón, m., master (of a ship), owner; guardian saint (of a country or place).
patrona, hostess, lady, patron saint.
patrono, patron, patron saint; santo —, guardian saint (of a town or country).
pausa, pause.
pavana, a dance; salidas de —, capers, nonsense.
pavero, turkey-seller.
pavimento, pavement, floor.
pavo, -a, turkey, turkey-hen.
pavor, m., fear, dread.
pavoroso, awful.
paz, f., peace.
pecadillo, slight fault.
pecado, sin.
pecador, -a, sinner; canté el yo —, I had to confess the truth.
pecaminoso, sinful.
pecho, breast, chest, heart.
pedacito (dim.), little piece, bit.
pedazo, piece; hacer —s, to break to pieces, smash; —s de burros, dullards, fools.
pedernal, m., flintstone.
pedir (i), to ask for, beg; ask for the hand (á, of).
pedrea, stoning.
pedrería, precious stones, jewels.
pedrique, m., stone, jewel.
Pedro, Peter; San —, St. Peter; por San —, by St. Peter.
pegar, to beat, strike, join, fasten (together); close; — fuego, to set fire (to); — espuelas, to give the spurs.
pegué, pret. of pegar.
pejiguera, difficulty.
peladillas, burnt almonds.
pelado, bare, peeled, shelled; empty (as the hands).
pelambrera, tuft or wad of hair.
peldaño, step (of the stairs).
pelear(se), to fight, quarrel.
peligro, danger.
peligroso, dangerous.
pelo, hair; en —, bare-backed.
pellizco, pinch, act of pinching.
pellón, m., skin, fur, fur-coat.
pena, trouble, difficulty, sorrow; á duras —s, with great difficulty.
penacho; — de plumas, plumes, tuft of feathers.
penalidad, f., hardship, trouble.
pender, to hang.
pendiente (de), hanging (on, from), depending (on).
peneque, tipsy.
penetrante, penetrating.
penetrar, to penetrate, enter, pass through.
penitencia, penitence, penance; hacer —, to fast; take pot luck.
penitente, m. or f., penitent.
penosamente, painfully.
penoso, painful, difficult, hard.
pensamiento, thought.
pensar (ie), to think (en, of).
pensativo, absorbed in thought.
penumbra, penumbra, gloom, shadow.
peña, cliff.
peón, m., day-laborer, peasant.
peor (comp. and sup. of malo), worse, worst.
pequeño, small, slight, little.
pequeñuelo (dim.), little one.
percal, m., percale.
percibir, to perceive, notice.
perder (ie), to lose, ruin, spoil; — de vista, to lose sight of; de que le perdiesen el cariño, that they should lose their affection for her.
pérdida, loss.
perdidamente, desperately, bitterly.
perdiz, f., partridge.
perdón, m., pardon, I beg your pardon; con —, with your leave.
perdonar, to pardon, forgive; spare.
perdurable, everlasting.
peregrinación, f., pilgrimage.
peregrino, pilgrim; adj., strange, marvelous.
perendengues, m. pl., ear-rings, gewgaws; display; no tengo ganas de —, I don't want any one hanging on to me.
perezosamente, lazily, slowly.
perfección, f., excellence, perfection, grace; pl., accomplishments.
perfeccionar, to make perfect, finish.
perfectamente, perfectly, completely, quite.
pérfido, perfidious, wicked.
perfil, m., profile, outline.
perfume, m., fragrance.
Perico (dim. of Pedro), Pete.
perífrasis, f., periphrasis.
Perigord, prop. noun (a former country of France, of which the principal town was Périgueux).
Perigueux, prop. noun (a town in France. The patés de Périgueux are famous).
periódico, newspaper.
peripecia, sudden change (of fortune), vicissitude.
perito, expert, experienced.
perjudicar, to harm, prejudice.
perla, pearl; color de —, pearl-grey.
permanecer, to remain.
permiso, permission.
permitir, to permit.
pero, but.
perorata, harangue, (wearisome) speech.
perplejo, perplexed.
perrito (dim.), little dog.
perro, dog; — guardián, watch-dog.
persecución, f., persecution, molestation.
Perseguida, prop. noun.
perseguidor, -a, persecutor, foe.
perseguir (i), to persecute, pursue.
perseverante, persevering, persistent.
persona, person; tierna —, delicate child.
personaje, m., person, character.
personificar, to personify.
perspectiva, view, aspect.
perspicaz, quick-sighted, sagacious, penetrating.
pertenecer, to belong, pertain.
pertenencia, claim, territory (belonging to some one).
perturbado, agitated, distressed, perturbed.
perversidad, f., perversity.
perverso, perverse.
pervinca, periwinkle.
pesadamente, heavily.
pesado, heavy, wearisome.
pesar, m., grief; á — de, notwithstanding, in spite of (the fact).
pesar, to weigh, impress, oppress.
pescado, fish (for the table).
pescador, m., fisherman.
pescar, to fish, catch.
pescuezo, neck; colguésela al —, I hung it around her neck.
pesebre, m., manger.
peseta (the monetary unit of value in Spain = 100 céntimos, = about 20 American cents), peseta.
peso, weight, heaviness.
petición, f., petition, prayer.
petrificado, petrified.
pez, m., fish.
piadoso, pious.
piafar, to paw, stamp.
pian pianito (a Spanish dim. of the Italian musical expression pian piano), very softly, very slowly.
picadura, tobacco (for cigarettes).
picar, to prick, bite, sting, chop, break; — un cigarro, to roll a cigarette; —se, to be offended, vexed.
picardía, wanton trick, villany; decir —s, to revile, blaspheme; hacer una —, to play a trick.
picaresco, roguish.
pícaro, mischievous, malicious, sly; ¡qué pícara! what a wretch she is!
pico, beak.
picotazo, stroke (with the beak of a bird).
pichón, m., squab.
pie, m., foot; al —, nearly; estar de —, to be standing; echar — á tierra, to dismount; — forzado, verse-line to be rhymed.
piedad, f., pity, piety.
piedra, stone.
piel, f., skin, leather; fig., life.
pienso, thought; ni por —, I couldn't think of it, impossible.
pierna, limb, leg; entre las —s, between her knees; dormir á — suelta, to sleep soundly.
pieza, piece, room; buena —, thing.
pilar, m., water-basin (of a fountain or well); pillar.
pillar, to catch, overtake.
pillo, rascal.
pilluelo (dim.), little rascal, thief.
pimiento, red pepper.
pinar, m., pine-forest.
pino, pine.
pintar, to paint; — de amarillo, to paint yellow; pinta que pinta, painting as fast as they can.
pintoresco, picturesque.
pintura, picture, painting; paint.
pío pío, peep peep.
pipa, pipe.
pique, see echar.
pirámide, f., pyramid.
pirata, m., pirate.
Pirineos, Pyrenees (the mountain chain between Spain and France).
piropo, flattering remark.
piso, floor, story (of a house).
pisotón, m., kick; act of stepping on one's foot.
pitada, whistle, whistling; echar una — al aire (coll.), to take a smoke.
pláceme, m., congratulation.
placentero, merry.
placer, m., pleasure, delight.
plácidamente, calmly, peacefully.
plácido, calm, placid.
plan, m., table-land, plateau.
plano, level, plane.
planta, plant; sole of the foot; poner la —, to tread.
plantar, to plant; strike a blow; send; —se, to stand; reach quickly; put on.
plantear, to attempt, try.
plata, silver; papel de —, silver-foil.
platear, to shed a silvery light.
plática, speeches, conversation.
platillo, small dish, subject; hacer — de, to speak about.
plato, plate, dish.
playa, shore, strand, beach.
plaza, central square (or "plaza"), market-place, place, position; — del Rey, King's Square (in Madrid); — de toros, bull-ring; — Mayor, principal square (= Plaza de la Constitución, a spacious square in Madrid, near the center of the older town).
plazo, term, time (set for anything).
plazoleta (dim. of plaza), little square; level, open space.
plazuela (dim. of plaza), little square.
plebe, f., populace, common people.
plegar (ie), to fold, furl.
plegaria, public prayer.
pleito, lawsuit.
pletórico, plethoric (characterized by excess of blood).
pliegue, m., fold.
plomo, lead; color de —, lead colored.
población, f., town, village.
poblachón, m. (deprec. of pueblo), wretched town.
poblar (ue), to populate, fill.
Poblet, prop. noun (a famous Cistercian abbey in northeastern Spain, now in ruins. It was the burial-place of the kings of Aragon, and afterwards of the counts of Segorbe and Cardona).
pobre, poor; el —, the poor man.
pobrecillo, -a (dim. of pobre), poor little boy, poor little girl; poor young man.
pobrecito, -a (dim.), poor child.
poco, little, (pl.) few; á —, soon; á — tiempo de, soon after; — á —, little by little, gradually; á — más, almost; no —, badly; — ha, only recently; — ni mucho, not at all; tener en —, to underestimate, set little value on.
poder, m., power, might, force; caer en — de, to fall into the hands of.
poder (ue), to be able, can, may; no — menos de, not to be able to help; no — más, not to be able to do more; ó he de — poco, or I am of no account; no — con, not to get along with; puede, it may be; y como pudo, and as best he could; pudiérase pensar, one might think; puede fuese, was perhaps.
poderosísimo (from poderoso), most powerful.
poderoso, powerful, mighty.
podredumbre, f., decay, corruption.
podrido, decayed, corrupt; noun, villain.
podrir or pudrir, to rot, decay.
poema, m., poem.
poesía, poem, poetry.
poeta, m., poet.
poético, poetical.
polainas, pl., leggings; que se le iban á mojar las — al Santo, that it was going to rain.
policía, police.
Polícrates, Polycrates (called the "Tyrant of Samos", in the sixth century B. C. Alarmed at his uninterrupted good fortune, he decided to cast away what he held dearest, and he therefore threw into the sea a beautiful ring; but a fisherman brought him a fish that had swallowed the ring. This incident was believed to foretell the downfall of Polycrates).
política, politics.
político, political.
polvo, dust.
pólvora, powder, gunpowder.
polvorilla (dim. of pólvora), one who flares up, or is easily angered; qué —, how peppery.
pollero, chicken-vender.
pollo, chicken.
polluelo (dim.), chick.
pomposo, pompous, boastful.
poncho, cloak (made of a blanket, with a hole in the middle to pass the head through).
ponderar, to ponder, imagine.
poner, to put, place, set; — en escena, to make a spectacle of; — por fuera, to apply externally; sin — trabajo alguno, without making any effort; —se, to put on, become; me lo puse, I put it on; —se á, to begin; —se de pie, to stand up; —se en marcha, to start out.
ponga, pres. subj. of poner.
poniente, setting; noun, el —, the west.
pontón, m., pontoon, hull (of a ship).
popa, stern; ir de —, to run before the wind.
por, for, by, through, to, in, for the sake of, on account of (being); — poco, almost, nearly; — entre, through, in between; — ... que, however ... ; por si, lest; — más que, however much, although, whatever; — lo que, for which reason; — el mismo orden, of the same kind.
porción, f., portion, number.
porfía; á —, emulously, vieing with one another.
porque, because, so that, in order that; porqué or por qué, why; no tienes —, there is no cause for it.
porrazo, blow.
portal, m., entry, doorway, gateway, piazza.
portalón, m. (aug. of portal), doorway.
portante, m., quick pace of a horse; tomo el —, I shall run away.
portarse, to behave, act; que se ha portado, he has acted badly.
porte, m., bearing.
portero, porter, janitor.
portezuela (dim.), little door.
pórtico, portico, porch.
portugués, -esa, Portuguese.
pos; en — de, behind, after.
pos = pues.
posada, inn.
posar, tr., to set down; —se, to light (of winged insects), perch.
poseedor, -a, possessor, owner.
poseer, to possess, own.
posesión, f., possession, land, property.
posible, possible; en lo —, as far as possible.
posición, f., position, situation.
postigo, small door.
postre; á la —, at last, finally.
postura, position, posture.
potaje, m., pottage, mess.
potencioso, potent, strong.
potro, colt, young horse; rack, torture.
pozo, well.
práctica, practice, exercise.
práctico, practical.
pradera, meadow.
prado, field, meadow, walk.
preceder, to precede.
preciar(se), to boast.
precioso, precious, valuable, delightful, pretty.
precipitar, to precipitate, hasten.
precisamente, precisely, exactly.
precisión, f., necessity.
preciso, necessary; lo —, the required amount; es — (que), must; era — salvar, must be saved.
precoz, precocious, forward.
predicador, m., preacher; padre —, preacher.
predicar, to preach.
predilección, f., preference.
predilecto, preferred, favorite.
predisponer, to predispose.
predominio, predominance, superiority.
preferencia, preference.
preferir (ie), to prefer.
pregunta, question; — de estilo, customary question.
preguntar, to ask (a question).
prenda, pledge, prize, forfeit.
prender, to seize, take prisoner.
preocupado (con), engrossed (with).
preparar(se), to prepare, get ready.
presa, prey; — de, prey to.
presbiterio, chancel.
prescindir (de), to cut off, refrain (from), omit.
presencia, presence.
presenciar, to be present, witness.
presentar, to present, offer, give; —se, to appear.
presente, m., present time; tener —, to bear in mind, remember.
presentimiento, presentiment.
presentir (ie), to have a presentiment (of).
presidio, prison, penitentiary.
preso (irr, p. p. of prender), taken, imprisoned; noun, prisoner.
prestar, to lend, render, pay; prestado y forastero, wandering stranger.
preste, m., priest, prester; Preste Juan, Prester John (a supposed Christian king and priest, of great piety and magnificence, whose territory was believed during the Middle Ages to lie either in Asia or Africa).
prestigio, prestige.
presumir, to presume.
presuntuoso, conceited, presumptuous.
presuroso, hasty, quick.
pretexto, pretext, excuse.
prevenir, to anticipate, foresee.
previlegio = privilegio.
previo, taken for granted.
primavera, spring, springtime.
primero, first, former; lo —, the first thing, the most important.
primitivo, old-fashioned, simple.
primito, -a (dim.), little cousin.
primo, -a, cousin.
primor, m., beauty, nicety, neatness; master-piece.
primoroso, neat, elegant.
principal, important, principal, excellent, distinguished.
príncipe, m., prince.
principiante, m., beginner.
principio, principle, beginning; dish after the olla or cocido; — final, only one more course; á —s, in the beginning.
prior, m., prior (next in rank to the abbot).
prioral, of the prior.
prisa, hurry; de —, quickly; ¡á —!, hurry!
prisionero, prisoner.
privilegiado, privileged.
privilegio, privilege, faculty.
proa, prow, bow.
probablemente, probably.
probar (ue), to prove; — á, to try.
probe = pobre.
probidad, f., probity, honesty.
problema, m., problem.
proceder (de), to proceed (from).
prócer, m., grandee (nobleman of Spain).
proceso, trial.
Procopio, Procopius.
procurar, to try, procure; procuré que se fijasen en, I sought to have them notice.
prodigalidad, f., prodigality.
prodigio, marvel.
producir, to produce.
produjo, pret. of producir.
profanar, to profane.
profano, profane.
proferir (ie), to utter, pronounce, express.
profesar, to profess, entertain (as affection); take the vows.
profético, prophetic.
prófugo, fugitive.
profundísimo (from profundo), deepest.
profundo, deep, profound.
profusión, f.; con —, lavishly, copiously.
progresar, to progress, advance.
prohibir, to forbid.
prolijo, painful, long lasting.
prolongado, prolonged.
prolongar, to continue, extend.
promesa, promise, vow.
prometer, to promise.
prometida, promised wife, betrothed.
prominente, prominent.
promontorio, promontory.
pronombre, m., pronoun.
pronosticar, to predict.
prontitud, f., quickness, promptness.
pronto, soon, quickly; de —, suddenly; por el —, in this moment.
pronunciar, to utter.
propicio, propitious, favorable.
propiedad, f., property, real estate, ownership; fitness.
propietario, owner.
propio, own, suitable, self, becoming; — de (en), peculiar to; al — tiempo, at the same time; lo — (de), the same (as).
proponer(se), to propose, determine.
proporcionado, suitable, proper.
propósito, purpose, plan; á — (de), apropos (of), by the way; de —, on purpose; hacer —, to make a resolution.
propuse, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of proponer.
prorrumpir, to burst out.
proseguir (i), to pursue, continue.
prosigamos, pr. subj. of proseguir.
proteger, to protect, favor.
protestar, to protest.
provechoso, beneficial, profitable.
proveer (á), to provide (for).
provenir, to arise, originate, proceed.
providencia, providence.
provincia, province.
provincial, provincial; Padre —, Provincial Father (member of a religious order who has authority over all monasteries of his order in a province).
provisto (p. p. of proveer), provided.
provocar, to challenge, spur on, provoke.
provocativo, quarrelsome.
próximo, near, next, adjacent, neighboring; — á, about to.
proyectar, to plan, scheme.
proyectil, m., projectile.
proyecto, project, plan.
prudencia, prudence.
prueba, proof.
publicidad, f., publicity.
puchero, grimace; hacer —s, to whimper.
pude, -iste, -o, pret. of poder.
pudiera, pudiese, imp. subjs. of poder.
pudrir; see podrir.
pué = puede.
pueblo, people, common people, town, village.
puente, m., bridge.
pueril, childish.
puerilidad, f., childishness.
puerta, door, gate (of a town).
Puerta del Sol, prop. noun (lit., gate of the sun: the central square of Madrid).
puertecita, small door or gate.
puerto, seaport.
Puerto Rico, Porto Rico (lit., Rich Port).
pues, well, then; because, since, for.
puesta; — del sol, sunset.
puesto, stand, booth, stall.
puesto (p. p. of poner); — que, since, seeing that.
pugnar, to struggle.
pulga, flea; malas —s, bad temper.
pulido, polished.
pulmonía, pneumonia; — doble, double pneumonia (i.e. of both lungs).
pulpo, cuttle-fish.
pulso, pulse; con gran —, with great circumspection; tomar el —, to sound, search.
punta, point, corner.
puntapié, m., kick.
punto, point, dot, moment; de todo —, absolutely; en —, sharp; — final, full stop, period; á —, to the point; al —, forthwith; en — á, in regard to; á — fijo, exactly; — discutible, subject for discussion.
puñal, m., dagger.
puñalada, thrust with a dagger, cut.
puñetazo, blow with the fist (see H. F. Gr., § 205).
puño, fist; falta de —s, lack of strength, skill; cerrar el —, to clench one's hand; ¡puño! hang it!
pupila, pupil (of the eye).
purificar, to purify, clarify.
purísimo (from puro), very pure, chaste; Purísima Concepción, Immaculate Conception.
Puritanos; Los —, The Puritans (the title of an opera by Bellini).
puse, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of poner.
que (pron.), who, whom, which, that; el que, la que, etc., who, or he who, she who, etc., the one that, etc.; lo que, what; por lo que, wherefore, therefore; lo que es á (de), as for; á lo —, according to what.
que (adv. and conj.), how, as; that, for, because, when; than; á —, that, in order that; lo ... —, how; — si, as if.
¿qué? what?; ¡—! how!; ¿en —? how?
quebrantar, to break.
quebrar (ie), to break.
queda, curfew.
quedar, to become, remain, stay, be; —se, to remain; —se con, to keep; — en lo dicho, to agree.
quedito, quietly; muy de —, very quietly.
quedo, soft, noiseless.
quehacer, m., duty, work; asuntos y —es, business affairs and other duties.
queja, complaint.
quejar(se), to complain, moan.
quejido, groan, moan.
quejoso, complainant; adj., complaining, querulous.
quemar, to burn.
querer (ie), to wish, be willing, like, be fond of, expect; — decir, to mean; como quiera que, although; si se quiere, rather, if you like.
querido, dear, beloved; noun, sweetheart; querida mía, my dear.
querrá, fut. of querer.
querrían, cond. of querer.
queso, cheese.
quien, (pl.) quienes, who, whom, he who, (some)one who; interr. and excl., quién, quiénes; ¿quién va? who is (or goes) there?; ¡por — soy! upon my word!
quietecito (dim.), very quiet, still.
quietud, f., quiet.
quimérico, chimerical, fantastic.
quince, fifteen; — días, fortnight.
quinqué, m., lamp (fastened to a tin plate, for hanging against the wall. It derives its name from its inventor, Quinquet, a Frenchman).
quinta, act of drawing lots for men to serve in the army; libre de —s, exempt from military service.
quinto, fifth; la quinta parte, a (one) fifth (part).
quisco, cereus peruvianus (a giant cactus).
quise, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of querer.
quisiera, imp. subj. of querer.
quitar (á), to take away (off, from); deprive (of), free (from), destroy (as hopes); — el hambre á alguien, to appease someone's hunger, keep someone from starvation.
quizá or quizás, perhaps.
raba, bait.
rábano, radish.
rabia, rage; dar —, to enrage.
ráfaga, flash.
rama, branch.
ramita, small branch.
ramo, branch, bouquet; — de dulce, wreath of candy.
Ramón, Raymond.
rampa, stairs, steps, ramp.
rapaz, m., young boy.
rapazuelo (dim.), urchin, little boy.
rápidamente, rapidly.
rapiña, pillage, plundering.
raro, rare, strange.
rasgar, to tear, lacerate.
raso, satin.
rastro, track, trace, vestige.
rata, rat.
rato, moment, while; á —s, now and then; por un buen —, a good while; al poco —, soon; á corto —, after a short while.
raudal, m., torrent, stream; á —es, in rapid streams.
raya, line, mark.
rayado, ruled, striped.
rayo, ray, beam; ¡mal — me parta treinta veces y media!, would that a thousand thunderbolts struck me!
raza, race, clan.
razón, f., reason, mind, understanding; tener —, to be right.
real, m., real (= 25 céntimos de peseta, or about 5 American cents); adj., royal.
realidad, f., reality; en —, really, in truth, actually.
realizar, to realize, see fulfilled.
realmente, really.
reanudar, to resume.
rebaja, reduction, rebate.
rebajar, to reduce, lessen.
rebaño, flock, herd.
rebosar (de), to overflow (with).
rebozo, scarf (long scarf with a broad fringe worn by the women of the lower classes in Spanish America, to cover head and shoulder); sin —, frankly, straightforward.
rebuscar, to hunt, rummage.
recaer, to fall (back), turn; wane, decline (as the day).
recayera, recayese, imp. subjs. of recaer.
recé, pret. of rezar.
recetar, to prescribe.
recibir, to receive.
recién (+ p. p.), newly, recently; — entrado, new-comer; — venido or llegado, recent arrival.
reciente, new, fresh, recent.
recinto, precinct, place.
recio, stout, strong, loud.
recíprocamente, reciprocally.
reclamar, to claim.
reclinatorio, praying-desk, priedieu.
reclusión, f., imprisonment.
recobrar(se), to recover.
recodo, bend.
recoger, to pick up, gather, shelter; contract, retreat, draw back; flancos recogidos, slender sides.
recogimiento, devotion; — de espíritu, spiritual devotion; abstraction from worldly things.
recoleto, Recollect, living under strict monastic rules.
reconcentrado, rooted, concentrated.
reconciliarse, to confess (to the priest); become reconciled.
reconocer, to recognize, examine, realize.
reconocido, acknowledged, grateful, appreciative.
reconocimiento, survey, reconnoitering.
reconvención, f., accusation, reproach.
recordar (ue), to recall, remind of, remember; mark.
recorrer, to run through, walk through or up and down, travel through.
recrearse, to divert oneself.
rectificación, f., correction.
recto, straight.
rector, m., rector (superior officer of a convent).
recuento, inventory.
recuerdo, souvenir, memory, remembrance.
recurrir, to have recourse to.
recurso, source.
rechazar, to repulse.
rechinar, to creak, grate.
red, f., net (for fishing).
redactar, to edit, compose.
redoblar, to redouble.
redoma, phial, glass-bowl.
redonda; á la —, round about.
redondo, round(ly), plump, clear, openly.
reducir, to reduce; —se á, estar reducido á, to consist of.
reducto, redoubt.
reedificar, to rebuild, reconstruct.
reemplazar, to replace.
refajo, short petticoat.
refectorio, refectory (dining-hall in convents or monasteries).
referente á, referring to, in regard to.
referir (ie), to refer, relate, tell.
refinamiento, delight, refinement.
reflexión, f., meditation, consideration, reflection, thought.
reflexionar (en), to reflect, think (of).
reforma, reform, dismissal from office.
reformador, m., reformer.
reforzar (ue), to strengthen, fortify.
refrán, m., proverb, saying.
refrescar, to cool, refresh.
refugiarse, to take refuge.
refunfuñar, to growl, grumble, snarl.
regalar, to make a present; —se, to regale oneself, live sumptuously.
regalito (dim.), little present.
regalo, present.
regalón, -ona, epicurean.
regar (ie), to water, irrigate.
regata, boat-race.
regato, small rivulet, brook.
regatón, m., rod.
regir (i), to rule, drive (as a plough).
registrador, m., recorder.
regla, rule.
regocijar, to rejoice, give pleasure (to).
regocijo, m., rejoicing, delight.
regresar, to return.
regular, orderly, formal; por lo —, commonly.
regularidad, f., regularity.
regularizar, to regulate.
rehusar, to refuse, decline.
reina, queen.
reinar, to govern, prevail.
reino, kingdom.
reir (i), to laugh; —se de, to laugh at; — á todo trapo, to laugh with all one's might; dar que —, to cause laughter; Verá V. cómo se ríe, you will see how you will laugh.
relación, f., narration, story; hallarse en —es, to have social relations.
relámpago, flash, flash of lightning.
relatar, to relate.
relativamente, relatively.
relativo; lo —, relating to.
relato, narration, story.
religioso, -a, religious, devoted, sacred; noun, monk, friar, nun, sister.
reloj, m., watch.
remedar, to imitate.
remediar, to help, remedy.
remedio, recovery, remedy; no hay —, it cannot be helped; sin —, without fail.
remendar (ie), to mend, patch.
remiendo, patch.
remitir, to send, forward.
remo, oar.
remontar(se), to rise, go back, soar; — el vuelo, to raise (one's) flight, soar.
remordimiento, remorse.
remover (ue), to remove.
rencor, m., rancor, grudge; tener —, to bear ill will.
rendir (i), to overcome, conquer; —se, to surrender.
renegar (ie), to curse; — de, to renounce, swear at.
renglón, m., line.
renovar (ue), to renew.
renta, income, revenue, rent.
renunciar, to renounce, give up.
reñir (i), to quarrel, scold.
reo, culprit, condemned criminal.
reojo; mirar de —, to look askance, furtively.
reparación, f., repair.
reparar (en), to take notice (of), observe, notice; repair, correct.
repartir, to divide, distribute.
repeler, to repel.
repente; de —, suddenly, all of a sudden.
repentinamente, suddenly.
repetir (i), to repeat; repetidas veces, repeatedly.
repleto, replete.
réplica, reply, objection; sin —, without talking back.
replicar, to reply.
repliegue, m., fold, recess.
reponer, to respond, recover.
reposadamente, quietly, calmly.
reposado, calm, tranquil.
reposar, to rest, repose.
reposo, rest, repose.
reprender, to reprimand.
represa, dam; water stored up for running a mill.
represadas; á —, with dammed-up water.
representante, m., representative.
representar, to represent.
reprimir, to suppress, restrain, curb.
reprobación, f., reproof.
República Argentina, Argentine Republic (in South America: a haven for Spanish emigrants).
repuesto (p. p. of reponer); de —, extra, spare.
repugnancia, loathing, reluctance; tomar — á, to have a loathing for.
repugnante, disgusting.
repulsa, refusal.
repuse, -iste, -o, pret. of reponer.
reputar, to repute, call.
requiebro, loving word; —s y ternezas, words of love and affection.
requisito, requirement, necessaries.
requisitoria, requisitory, request.
resabio, bad custom.
resaltar, to appear, stand out.
resbalar, to slip, glide.
rescoldera, heart-burn; la — que á usté le pica, the thorn in your flesh.
resentido, resentful.
resentimiento, resentment.
reservar, to reserve.
resignación, f.; con —, submissively.
resignado, resignedly, patiently.
resignar, to resign; —se, to become resigned.
resistencia, resistance.
resistir (á), —se, to resist.
resolver (ue), to resolve, solve.
resonar (ue), to resound.
resoplido, snorting; entre —s y gruñidos, (between) huffing and puffing.
respectar, to concern, appertain; por lo que á mí respecta, as far as I am concerned.
respetable, highly respected, respectable, respectful.
respetar, to respect.
respeto, respect, consideration, attention.
respetuosamente, respectfully.
respirar, to breathe.
resplandeciente, resplendent.
resplandor, m., glow, reflection.
responder, to respond, answer.
responsabilidad, f., responsibility.
responsorio, response, responsory (verses recited by the priests or monks during prayers).
restablecer, to reestablish, restore, recover.
restar, to remain.
resto, rest, remnant, remainder.
restregar (ie), to rub.
resucitar, to resuscitate, revive.
resueltamente, resolutely.
resuelto, resolute, bold.
resaltado, result.
resultar, to result, be the consequence.
retablo, reredos (screen or wall behind an altar).
retardar, to retard, delay.
retemblar (ie), to shake, tremble.
retemblido, start.
reticencia, reticence, passing over (in silence).
retiña, an intensive form of tiña.
retirada, retreat.
retirar(se), to retire, withdraw, remove, step back.
Retiro, prop. noun (the largest park in Madrid, laid out as a retreat [retiro] for one of the kings of Spain. It has shady walks and drives, with ponds, fountains and statuary).
retorcido, twisted, winding, crooked.
retozo, romping, frolic.
retrato, picture.
retroceder, to retreat.
retumbar, to resound.
reunión, f., assembly, gathering, party; lugar de —, rendezvous, place of meeting.
reunir(se), to assemble, gather (together), collect.
revelación, f., revelation, confession.
reventar (ie), to burst, explode.
reverencia, reverence, respect; hacer —, to bow; Reverencia, your Reverence.
reverenciar, to reverence.
revés, m., reverse; al —, in the wrong order, wrong.
revestir (i), to take on, put on, adorn.
revista, review; pasar —, to pass muster, pass ... in review.
revolcarse (ue), to roll, turn over, writhe.
revolotear, to flutter; noun, fluttering.
revolver (ue), revolver(se), to move to and fro, turn, stir, shift, writhe; —lo todo, to mix up everything.
revuelto (p. p. of revolver), intricate, mixed up.
rey, m., king; Rey Mago, wise man (from the east:, cf. Matthew, ii, 1).
reyerta, quarrel.
rezador, -a, one who prays often.
rezar, to pray.
rezo, prayer.
riachuelo, small river.
rial = real.
ribete, m., border, streak.
ridículo, ridiculous.
ríe, pr. ind. of reir.
riendo, pr. p. of reir.
rígido, rigid, stiff.
rigor, m., severity, strictness; de —, indispensable.
rigorosamente, strictly, severely.
rincón, m., corner.
ríndete, imper. of rendirse.
riñón, m., kidney; (fig.) heart.
río, river.
ripunancia = repugnancia.
riquezas, pl., riches, wealth.
riquísimo (from rico), very rich, magnificent.
risa, risas, laughter; me dió una —, I was seized with a fit of laughter.
risueño, smiling, pleasant, lovely.
ritmo, rhythm.
rivalidad, f., rivalry.
rizado, curled, crimped.
rizo, curl, frill.
rizoso, curly.
robar, to rob; — á, to steal from.
robo, theft, robbery.
robusto, robust, strong.
rociada, sprinkle.
rocío, dew, sprinkling.
rodar (ue), to roll, turn.
rodear, to surround, run around.
rodeo, circumlocution, roundabout way.
rodilla, knee; de —s, on one's knees.
roer, to gnaw, consume; — los huesos, to calumniate.
rogar (ue), to beg, beseech, entreat.
rojizo, reddish.
rojo, red.
rollo, roll; la medio — (= la barca medio —), the half-roll.
romano, Roman.
romo, flat(nosed).
romper, to break, tear; — á llorar á todo trapo, to burst into violent weeping.
ronco, hoarse.
ronda; andar á la —, to go around.
Ronda, prop, noun (Spanish town picturesquely situated in the mountains; about 60 miles north of Gibraltar).
rondar, to haunt, make the rounds.
rondeña, fandango.
ronquido, death rattle, hard breathing; dull, harsh sound.
Ronsard, prof, noun (Pierre de Ronsard [1524-85] was a French poet and literary reformer).
roña, scab; cunning, craftiness.
ropa, clothes, linen; — dominguera, Sunday-clothes; —a de desperdicio, cast-off clothing.
rosa, rose; color de —, pink,
rosado, rosy.
rosal, m., rosebush; — guirnaldero, climbing rose; — de Pasión, passion-flower.
rosario, rosary; acabar, ó terminar, como el — de la aurora is an idiomatic expression that is used when speaking of a meeting or assembly that, by reason of disagreement, breaks up in disorder and tumult.
rostro, face, countenance.
roto, irr. p. p. of romper.
rotundamente, frankly, categorically; manifestó —, she made the sweeping statement.
rozar, to graze.
rubicundez, f., blush, copper-color.
rubicundo, rubicund, red.
rubio, fair.
ruborizarse, to blush.
ruda, rue (a medicinal plant).
rudo, rough, coarse.
rueda, wheel.
ruego, prayer, request, entreaty.
rugido, roaring.
rugir, to roar.
ruido, noise, rustle; meter —, to make noise.
ruidosamente, loudly, with great ostentation.
ruidoso, noisy.
ruina, ruin, destruction; ruins.
ruinoso, in ruins, ruinous.
rumbo, point of the compass; course, direction (as of a ship).
rumor, m., noise.
rústico, rustic; rural, rough.
sábado, Saturday.
sábana, sheet.
sabedor, -a, wise man, wise woman; — de, knowing.
saber, m., learning, knowing.
saber, to know, be able, learn, hear; — á, to taste of, seem like; á no —, if I had not known; —se, to know; ya se sabe, it is well known; ¡qué sé yo! I do not know; ¡quién sabe! perhaps.
sabio, wise, sensible, learned, cautious.
sable, m., sabre.
sabo = sé; see saber.
sabor, m., taste.
saborear, to taste, enjoy (as eating and drinking), relish.
sabroso, savory, palatable; cozy.
sacabó = se acabó; see acabar.
sacar, to draw, take out, take off; obtain, win, gain; — en limpio, to understand; — motes, to invent nicknames; saca medio cuerpo fuera de, she leans half over.
sacerdote, m., priest, clergyman, minister.
saco, sack, bag.
Sacra Familia, holy family (Joseph, Mary, and Jesus).
sacramental, solemn.
sacrilegio, sacrilege.
sacrílego, sacrilegious.
sacristán, m., sexton.
sacristía, sacristy.
sacro, holy.
sacudir, to shake; — el polvo, to shake.
sagrado, sacred.
sal, f., salt.
sala, parlor, room, hall; Sala, court.
saldar, to settle.
salgáis, pr. subj. of salir.
salgo, pr. ind. of salir.
salida, departure, exit; á la — de, on going out from; dar —, to give vent.
salir, to go out, leave; — del paso, to get out of a difficulty; — á flote, to be afloat; le salieron amigos, he made friends.
salomónico, see columnilla.
salón, m., salon, drawing-room.
salpicado, flecked, sprinkled, studded.
salpicar, to bespatter.
salsa, sauce, gravy.
saltar, to leap, jump, dash, hop, rebound; — á, to jump from.
salto, leap; dar un —, to spring, leap; de un —, suddenly; — de mata, dodging about (to escape justice).
salú = salud.
salud, f., health.
saludable, salutary.
saludar, to salute, greet.
saludo, salutation, bow.
salva, salute of fire-arms; — de aplausos, round of applause.
salvaje, savage, wild.
salvajino, savage.
salvar, to save; —se, to escape.
salvilla, salver, tray.
salvo, excepting; en —, in safety.
Sanios, prop, noun (an island in the Aegean Sea, near the coast of Asia Minor).
San = santo.
sanción, f., sanction; — penal, solemn confirmation of a penalty by law.
sandalia, sandal.
sangre, f., blood; — perdida, loss of blood.
sanguinario, blood-thirsty.
sano, healthy, wholesome.
Santa Cruz, f., prop, noun (of a plaza in Madrid where figures for Nacimientos are sold in numerous small booths before Christmas).
Santiago (lit., Saint James), Santiago (capital of Chile, situated at the foot of the Andes Mountains, about 1800 feet above the level of the sea. Pop. about 400,000).
santidad, f., sanctity, holiness, piety.
santificar, to hallow.
santito, -a (dim.), little saint.
santo, -a, saint; adj., saintly, holy, sacred.
Santo Cristo, image of the Savior on the cross.
Santo Rey = Ferdinand III (1199-1252) of Castile and Leon. (Under the leadership of Saint Ferdinand, the Christian Spaniards conquered Cordova in 1236, and Seville in 1248.)
santuario, sanctuary.
saqué, saque, pret., and pres. subj., of sacar.
sardinera, sardine-vender.
sargento, sergeant.
sarta, string (as of beads).
sartén, f., frying-pan.
Satanás, m., Satan.
satisfecho (p. p. of satisfacer), satisfied, happy.
sauce, m., willow; los Sauces, prop. noun. the Willows.
saya, dress, skirt.
sayo, loose blouse or coat; para su —, to oneself.
sazón; á la —, at that time.
sazonar, to season.
se (= le, les), to him, to her, to it, to you, to them.
se, refl., himself, herself, itself, yourself, oneself, themselves, yourselves; each other, one another; — dice, it is said (the construction of the verb with se often takes the place of the English passive).
sé, pres. ind. of saber.
Sebastián, m., prop. noun.
secar, to dry; —se, to dry up.
sección, f., section.
seco, dry, parched, metallic, harsh; en —, on dry land, grounded.
secreto, secret; en —, in a whisper.
secular, centuries old, secular.
secundario, secondary attendant.
sed, f., thirst.
seda, silk.
seducción, f., temptation.
seducir, to bribe, seduce, tempt, charm.
segador, m., reaper.
seguida; en —, at once, then, directly.
seguido, successive; de —, successively; unos cuantos —s, several in succession.
seguir (i), to continue, follow; — adelante, to continue.
según, according to (what); — que, judging from the way.
segundo, second, latter; lieutenant; de — orden, second class.
seguramente, certainly, surely, most probably.
seguridad, f., security; dar — de, to reassure.
seguro (de), sure; de —, surely.
sellar, to seal; finish.
sello, seal, stamp.
semana, week; — santa, Holy Week (the week before Easter in which the passion of our Savior is commemorated).
semblante, m., face, countenance.
sembrado, cornfield, ground sown with grain.
sembrar (ie), to sow, plant.
semejante, similar, such.
semejanza, resemblance.
semejar (á), to resemble.
sencillez, f., simplicity, artlessness.
sencillo, simple, plain, unaffected.
senda, path.
sendero, path.
sensible, perceptible, sensitive; en lo más —, in the most sensitive part.
sentar (ie), to set; fit, become; — la mano de firme, to punish severely; —se, to seat oneself; sentado, seated.
sentencia, sentence, judgment.
sentenciar, to sentence, condemn.
sentido, sense, reason, judgment, mind, insight, construction; con sus cinco —s, with the greatest care and attention; gastar un —, to spend a fortune.
sentimiento, feeling, sorrow.
sentir (ie), to feel, hear, regret; —se, to feel.
seña, sign; pl., description, signs.
señal, f., sign, mark, signal.
señalado, fixed, set, appointed.
señalar, to point (out), indicate, make known.
señor, m., Mr., Sir, gentleman; los —es (de), Mr. and Mrs.
señora, lady, madam; Sra., Sra. Dª. (= Doña), Mrs.
señorico (dim.), young gentleman, Sir.
señorito (dim..), Sir.
sepa, pr. subj. of saber.
separar, to separate; —se, to move, come away.
sepulcral, sepulchral.
sepulcro, sepulchre, grave.
sepultar, to bury, hide.
sequedad, f., dryness, harshness.
sequía, drought, dryness.
séquito, suite; consequences.
ser, m., being, creature; nature (of things).
ser, to be; — de, to belong to, become of; así fué la verdad, so it was in truth; no sea que, lest; fuese ... fuese, either ... or; es que, the fact is; ¿qué va á —? what is going to become?; es de esperar, it is to be expected; lo que eres tú, as for you.
seráfico, seraphic, angelic, pure.
serenarse, to grow calm.
serenidad, f., calmness, serenity.
sereno, night-watchman.
sereno, serene, cheerful.
sereña, fisher-boat.
serio, serious, seriously.
sermón, m., sermon.
serrallo, seraglio, harem.
serrano, mountainous; rough, rude.
Serrezuela, prop. noun.
servicial, obliging, accomodating.
servicio, service; de —, on duty.
servidor, -a, servant.
servidumbre, f., servants.
servilleta, napkin.
servir (i), to serve, be of use; —se de, to make use of; sírvase V., help yourself.
sesenta, sixty.
sesentón, -ona, sixty years of age.
severidad, f., severity; con —, severely.
Sevilla, Seville (pop. about 150,000; in the province of Seville, in south-western Spain. Seville is the largest and wealthiest town in Andalusia).
sexo, sex.
si, if, whether; why, indeed; un — es no es, a trifle; — no, if not, otherwise; — no es, except, unless.
sí, himself, herself, itself, yourself; themselves, yourselves; de por —, of its own account.
sí, yes; indeed; que —, yes; dar el —, to accept the proposal; y —, but.
Siberia, prop. noun (an Asiatic possession of Russia, noted for its cold winters).
siempre, always, ever; de —, the same; as always.
sierra, mountain, range of mountains; Sierra de Loja, prop. noun (a mountain range named after the town of Loja, in S. Spain).
siete, seven.
sietemesino (coll.), little dandy, fop; adj., immature.
siglo, century, age.
significación, f., significance.
significar, to signify, mean.
sigo, pr. ind. of seguir.
siguiente, following.
siguiera, siguiese, imp. subjs. of seguir.
silbar, to whistle.
silbido, whistling.
silencio, quiet, peace.
silenciosamente, silently, in silence.
silencioso, silent, mute, quiet.
silueta, outline, silhouette.
silla, chair, saddle.
sillería, rows of chairs (in the choir of a church).
simpatía, sympathy, congeniality, kindly interest.
simpático, charming, winsome.
simultáneamente, simultaneously.
sin, without.
sincerarse, to vindicate oneself.
sincero, sincere.
sinfonía, symphony.
singular, peculiar, strange.
singularidad, f., oddity, curiosity.
singularmente, singularly, especially.
sino, except, but; no ... —, only; no parece — que, one would think that.
sintiera, sintiese, imp. subjs. of sentir.
sintió, sintieron, pret. of sentir.
Sión, m., Zion = heaven.
siquiera, even, at least; ni —, not even.
sirena, siren, sea-nymph.
sírvase, pr. subj., 3d pers. sing., of servirse.
sirviente, -a, servant.
sistema, m., system.
sitiador, m., besieger.
sitio, place, site; hacer —, to give way.
situación, f., situation, state, condition.
situado, situated.
soberanamente, extremely, supremely.
soberano, sovereign, supreme.
soberbio, arrogant, overbearing.
sobra; de —, more than sufficient.
sobrado, garret, loft.
sobre, on, above over; — todo, especially, above all.
sobrecargar, to overburden.
sobrecogido, overcome.
sobremesa; de —, after dinner; for dessert.
sobreponerse (á), to overcome, get the better (of).
sobresaliente, surpassing, extraordinary.
sobresaltado, startled.
sobresalto, dread, alarm.
sobrevivir, to survive.
Socarraíco, dim. of Socarrao.
sociedad, f., society, company.
socio, partner.
socorrido, supplied; handy, useful.
socorro, help.
sochantre, m., precentor, director of a choir.
sofocado, suffocating.
soga, rope.
sol, m., sun.
solamente, only.
solapa, lappel; á la sombra de la —, under his lappel.
solar (ue), to pave.
soldado, (private) soldier; — rojo, red-coat (British soldier wearing a red coat).
soledad, f., solitude.
solemne, solemn.
solemnidad, f., solemnity.
solemnizar, to solemnize.
soler (ue), to be accustomed to; como suele decir, as he is wont to say.
solfear, to beat; — á leña, to beat into kindling-wood.
solicitar, to entreat, urge.
solícito, anxious, eager, kindly.
soliloquio, soliloquy, monologue.
solitario, solitary, lonely.
solito (dim.), alone; —s, of their own accord.
solo, alone, single, mere; sólo, adv., only, merely; tan —, only, just.
soltar (ue), to drop, let loose, cast off, discharge, utter; — una especie, to make a suggestion; —lo redondo, to swear roundly.
solterísima (from soltera), very much of a spinster.
soltero, -a, bachelor, spinster, unmarried man, woman.
solterona (aug. of soltera), old maid.
sollozante, sobbing.
sollozar, to sob.
sollozo, sob, sobbing.
sombra, shade, shadow; por el lado de la —, on the dark side; á la —, in the shade, in the shelter or protection; under (cover of).
sombrero, hat; — de copa, tall hat, silk hat.
sombrío, gloomy, somber.
somnámbulo or sonámbulo (in Italian, sonnambulo), somnambulist, one who walks in his sleep.
somos, pr. ind. of ser.
son, m., sound; en — de despedida, as if dismissing him.
sonado, notorious, famous.
sonar (ue), to sound.
soneto, sonnet.
sonido, sound.
sonreir, to smile; —se (de or con), to smile (at).
sonriendo, pr. p. of sonreir.
sonrisa, smile.
sonrosado, rosy.
sonsonete, m., ring.
soñar (ue), to dream.
sopa, soup; — de almendras, almond soup.
sopapo, slap, blow.
soplar, to blow.
soplo, breath, gust.
soportable, bearable, endurable.
sorbo, draught, drink.
sordo, deaf; á —s, to deaf ears.
sorprender, to surprise, astonish, overtake, come upon.
sorpresa, surprise.
sortijita (dim.), finger-ring.
sosegarse (ie), to compose oneself.
sosiego, repose, serenity.
sospecha, suspicion.
sospechar, to suspect.
sostenedor, -a, supporter.
sostener, to sustain, support, uphold.
soy, pr. ind. of ser.
Sr., Sra., Sr. D., Sra. Dª., see señor and señora.
su, pl., sus, his, her, its, your, their.
suave, gentle, soft, sweet.
suavemente, gently.
suavísimo (from suave), most gentle, most tranquil.
subasta, (juridical) public auction.
subir(se), to rise, climb, ascend, go upstairs, come up; raise.
súbito, sudden, unexpected; de —, suddenly.
sublevarse, to rise in rebellion.
sublime; — de pureza, sublime in its purity.
suceder, to happen; — (á), to follow, succeed; suceda lo que suceda, whatever may happen.
sucedido, event; lo —, what had happened.
sucesivamente, successively.
sucesivo; en lo —, after this.
suceso, event, incident.
suculento, succulent; —a mesa, rich food.
sudar, to sweat, perspire.
sudor, m., sweat; fig., labor.
sudoroso, covered with perspiration.
suegra, mother-in-law.
suela, sole; de siete —s, of the deepest dye.
sueldo, salary, pay.
suelo, floor, ground, soil.
¡suelte! 3d pers. sing., pres. subj., of soltar.
sueño, sleep, dream, vision; tener —, to be sleepy.
suerte, f., luck, lot, fate; manner; de esta —, in this manner; de —, so.
sueste, m., south-east; south-wester (a water-proof hat worn by sailors).
suficiente, enough; lo —, sufficient.
sufrido, patient.
sufrimiento, suffering, pain.
sufrir, to suffer.
sugerir (ie), to suggest.
sujetar, to subdue, hold fast, fasten.
sujeto, subject, person; adj., subject, subjected.
suma, sum; en —, in short.
sumamente, utterly, quite.
sumaria, proceedings, investigation.
sumergir, to submerge, plunge.
suministrar, to supply, furnish.
sumir, to bury, plunge; —se, to be swallowed up, buried.
sumo, highest, very great, greatest; Sumo Bien, God.
suntuoso, sumptuous.
supe, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of saber.
superar (á), to excel, be greater (than).
superficie, f., surface; plana —, level ground.
superior, m., superior (the head of a convent); adj., greater, upper, higher; hacerse — á, not to mind.
supersticioso, superstitious.
supiera, supiese, imp. subjs. of saber.
suplicante, imploring.
suplicar, to entreat, implore.
suplicio, capital punishment; gallows, scaffold.
suplir, to supply, make up (for).
suponer, to suppose, imagine, fancy.
suposición, f., supposition, surmise.
supuesto (p. p. of suponer), supposition; — que, granting that, since; por —, of course.
sur, m., south.
surgir, to rise.
surtidor, m., spout, jet, spurt, splash.
surtir, to furnish, provide.
suspender, to suspend.
suspenso, amazed.
suspirar, to sigh; el suspirado buey, the ox she craved.
suspiro, sigh.
sustancioso, substantial.
sustentar, to sustain, support.
sustituir, to substitute, replace; venía á —le, would come to take its place.
susto, fright; dar un —, to scare, frighten; llevar un —, to be frightened.
susurro, whispering, humming.
suyo, -a, (of) his, hers, its, theirs, yours; los suyos, his men.
Tabacalera, tobacco monopoly (of the Government, known officially as Compañía arrendataria de tabacos).
tabaco, tobacco.
tabaquera, tobacco pouch.
tabardillo; — pintado, spotted fever.
taberna, tavern.
tabla, plank, meat-market.
tablero, board, plank, panel.
tablilla, small board; — de barro, stand made of clay.
tacañería, meanness, closeness.
taciturno, silent, indisposed to conversation, melancholy.
tachar (de), to censure, tax (with), find fault (for).
tafetán, m., taffeta; no está la Magdalena para tafetanes is used when speaking of one who is ill-humored or angry, and consequently not in the mood to grant favors (cf. no está la dama para tafetanes, 'the lady does not care for finery').
taitita, m., daddy.
tajada, slice.
tal, certain, such, such a, that; — y como, such as; qué —, how; — vez, see vez; el —, the said.
talante, m., manner of doing anything; de mal —, in ill-humor.
talento, talent, genius, endowments, mental capacity, accomplishment.
talla, carving, sculpture, stature, size.
tallar, to carve, cut.
tallo, stem.
tamaño, so great; noun, size.
tambalear, to stagger, reel.
también, also.
tambor, m., drum.
tamién = también.
tampoco, neither, not either; — yo, nor (have) I either.
tan, so, so much, as, such.
tanto, so much; — más cuanto que, all the more so when; un —, algún —, somewhat; por —, therefore; —os da de ... como, it makes no difference to you whether it is ... or.
tañer, to play (a musical instrument).
tapa, top, cover; — de los sesos, top of the skull.
tapar, to cover, obstruct.
tapiz, m., tapestry, rug.
tararear, to hum.
tardar, to delay; — en, to be long in; á más —, at the latest.
tarde, f., afternoon; á media —, late in the afternoon.
tarde, late; — que temprano, sooner or later; de — en —, now and then, seldom, occasionally.
tarea, task.
tarifa, tariff; frontier-regulations.
tartamudear, to stammer.
tartera, dripping-pan, baking-dish.
tasa, measure.
tascar, to champ.
taza, cup.
tazón, m. (aug. of taza), jug, pitcher, bowl.
teatina, broom (scoparia dulcis).
teatro, theater; Teatro Real, Royal Theater (in Madrid, for grand opera).
techo, roof, ceiling.
tejado, tiled roof, roof.
tejedor, -a, weaver.
tejer, to weave, braid; tejiendo red, weaving a net.
tela, cloth, stuff.
telegrama, m., telegram.
telón, m., curtain (in a theater).
tema, m., subject, theme, topic.
temblar (ie), to tremble; temblaba toda, was all in a tremble.
temblor, m., trembling.
tembloroso, trembling.
temer, to fear, be afraid of.
temeroso, fearful, timorous, afraid.
temible, formidable, dreadful.
temor, m., fear.
temperamento, disposition.
temperatura, temperature, state of weather.
templado, temperate, mild.
templanza, moderation.
templarse, to cool.
templo, temple, church.
temporal, m., storm; adj., temporal, secular, worldly.
tenaz, tenacious, firm.
tenazmente, tenaciously, persistently.
ten-con-ten, try to please everybody; El —, "The Please-all."
tendencia, tendency, inclination.
tender (ie), to extend, stretch (out); — la vista, to cast a glance, look about; tendido, reclining; extensive.
tendría, cond. of tener.
tenebroso, gloomy, dark.
tenedor, m., fork.
tener, to have, hold, keep; — que, to have to, be obliged to; — de, to consider; — en poco, see poco; ¿qué tiene? what is the matter (with)?; — celoso, to make jealous.
tentación, f., temptation.
tentar (ie), to touch, feel; tempt; —se la ropa, to use evasions.
tenue, faint.
teñir (i), to dye, tint; — de azul, to dye blue.
teoría, theory.
tercer(o), third.
terco, pertinacious, obstinate.
terminación, f., termination, ending, issue.
terminar, to terminate, end, finish.
término, term, end, limit; — medio, medium.
ternera, veal.
ternezas, affection.
ternura, tenderness.
terrenal, earthly, earth-born.
terreno, territory, land, ground, field.
terrestre, terrestrial, earthly.
terriblemente, in a terrible manner.
terruño, soil, land.
tertulia, party, afternoon or evening gathering; hacer la — á, to spend the evenings with.
tertulio, -a, one present (at a tertulia), guest.
tesoro, treasure, wealth.
testa, head, brow, face.
testamento, last will.
testigo, witness.
tez, f., complexion.
tiara, mitre worn by the pope.
tiberio, confusion, fuss.
tibio, warm, tepid.
tiempo, time, weather, while; al — de bajar, on going downstairs; con —, for some time.
tienda, shop, tent.
tienta, probe; á —s, groping (in the dark).
tierno, tender.
tierra, land, earth, ground; ¡á —! run ashore!; de la —, earthly.
tigre, m., tiger.
timbal, m., pastry, tart; — de macarrones, maccaroon-tart.
timbre, m., crest (of a coat of arms).
timidez, f., timidity, shyness.
tinaja, tub; media —, tub (made of one half of a keg).
tinieblas, pl., darkness.
tino, tact, judgment.
tinta, ink.
tintero, inkstand.
tiña, scaldhead; wretchedness; (excl.), the deuce! the mischief!
tío, -a, uncle, aunt; (+ a prop. noun), old.
tiple, f., treble, soprano, prima donna.
tirano, tyrant.
tirar, to throw (away); — (de or por), to draw or pull (by).
tiro, shot; á —, within reach.
tirolés, -esa, Tyrolese (who are famous for their manufacture of toys).
tirón, m., pull.
tiroteo, cross-fire, sharp-shooting.
tirria, aversion, dislike.
titubear (en), to hesitate (as to).
titulado, entitled.
título, title, nobleman.
tizne, m., smut.
tizón, m., lighted ember.
tocante; — á eso, in regard to that.
tocar, to touch, ring, play (a musical instrument), befall; — á uno, to be one's turn ; — á refectorio, to ring the dinner-bell; le ha tocado la suerte, it has fallen to his lot.
tocino, bacon.
todavía, yet, still.
todo, all, whole; con —, con — eso, nevertheless, however; — el, all, every one; en —, everywhere; — entero, entire, whole; lo ... —, everything; —s ellos, all of them; del —, at all.
toitico = toditico (dim. of todito, which is in turn a dim. of todo), (the) whole blessed.
tole; tomar el —, to leave hurriedly.
Toledo, prop, noun (city of 25,000 inhabitants, in New Castile [Castilla la Nueva], on the river Tagus [Tajo]. Toledo was the capital city of the Spanish Visigoths, and later of a Moorish State. After its capture by the Christian Spaniards in 1085, Toledo became again the capital of Spain and the seat of the Metropolitan Archbishop. The Spanish court was moved to Valladolid, and later to Madrid, but Toledo is still the centre of the religious power of the country. The city is built on a rock about which winds the Tagus. It is surrounded by high walls. The streets of the city are narrow and crooked, and many of the houses have an Oriental look).
tolerar, to tolerate, allow.
tomar, to take, seize, take up; — á, to take from; —la cuenta (á), to examine the accounts (of); — el sol, to sun oneself; —se de, to cling to, take hold of; ¡toma! indeed! well!
tomate, m., tomato.
tonante, thundering.
tono, tone; (de) buen —, refined, well-bred.
tonsurado, tonsured, ordained. (In the Roman Catholic Church, when a priest receives the first clerical degree, his hair is cut off from a circular space at the back of his head; this ceremony is called the tonsure.)
tontería, folly, nonsense, foolishness.
tonto, -a, foolish; noun, foolish child.
tontona (aug.), big stupid.
topinera, mole-hole.
topo, mole.
toque, m., signal, ringing (of bells); el último — de clarines, the last bugle notes of tattoo.
torcer (ue), to twist, turn, distort, double up, go crooked; dar en —se, to leave the path of virtue.
torcido, winding, twisted, crooked.
torero, bull-fighter.
tormenta, tempest, storm.
tormento, pain, torture; dar —, to torture, plague.
tornar, to return, restore.
tornera, doorkeeper (of a nunnery).
torniscón, m., blow in the face (with the back of the hand).
torno; en — de or á, around.
toro, bull.
torpe, dull, stupid, rude.
torpeza, stupidity, rudeness, awkwardness.
torre, f., tower.
Torresalinas, prop. noun (a village of fishermen on the south-east coast of Spain).
torso, torso, trunk or body (of a statue).
torta, cake (usually a round loaf made of flour, oil, etc., with or without sugar).
torvo, stern, grim.
tosco, rough, coarse.
toser, to cough.
tostado, (sun) burnt, toasted.
totalmente, entirely.
totora, arrow-head (an aquatic plant, named from the shape of the leaves).
Tózar, prop. noun.
trabajador, -a, workman, working-woman.
trabajo, work, trouble, toil.
trabajosamente, hard, laboriously.
trabuco, blunderbuss.
tradición, f., tradition.
traducir, to translate; betray.
traer, to bring, carry, keep; make (a journey); — prisa, to be in a hurry.
tragar, to swallow, believe implicitly; —se, to restrain (as tears).
trágicamente, tragically.
trago, drink, draught; beber un —, to take a drink.
traición, f.; á —, treacherously.
traidor, -a, traitor, traitoress.
traigo, pr. ind. of traer.
traje, m., dress, robe, garb; — de soldado, soldier's uniform.
traje, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of traer.
trampa, trap.
trance, m., critical moment.
tranquilicé, pret. of tranquilizar.
tranquilizador, -a, tranquilising, comforting.
tranquilizar, to calm, appease; —se, not to be uneasy.
tranquilo, calm, quiet, peaceful, steady; por lo —, by its tranquility.
transcendental, far-reaching.
transcrito (p. p. of transcribir), transcribed, copied.
transcurrir, to pass, go by (of time).
transeunte, m., passer-by.
transformar, to transform; —se, to be transformed.
tránsito, transition, death (of a holy person).
tranvía, m., tramway.
trapo, rag, sails; á todo —, with all one's might; lengüecita de —, stammering little tongue.
tras, after; — de, behind.
trasera, back part, rear.
traslación, f., change, transfer.
trasladarse, to move, betake oneself.
traspasar, to exceed, pierce; traspasada (de), beside herself (with).
trastornar, to confuse, turn (upside down), upset.
trastorno, turmoil.
tratamiento, style of address.
tratante, m., dealer.
tratar, to treat; — de, to try, consider; —se de, to be a question of; — de tú, to address each other familiarly with tú.
trato, conduct, manners, social intercourse.
través; al — de, á — de, through, over, across; de —, sideways, aside.
travesía, passage, crossing, distance.
travesura, prank, mischief.
traza, trace, sign, appearance.
trece, thirteen.
treinta, thirty.
trejo = trajo.
tremendo, tremendous.
tren, m., train; — expreso, express train.
trenza, plat, braid.
tres, three; á las — menos cuarto, at a quarter to three.
treta, trick.
tribunal, m., tribunal; — de la penitencia, confessional.
tributo, tribute.
trigo, wheat.
trigueño, brunette, dark-complexioned.
trincar, to lash, make fast; break, keep close to the wind; coll., to drink.
trinchador, -a, carver.
trinchar, to carve.
tripulación, f., crew.
tripular, to man.
trisca, noise (made by breaking glass or nuts); peguéla una —, I gave her a trouncing.
triste, sad, mournful.
tristeza, sadness.
tristísimo (from triste), most gloomy.
triunfador, -a, victor.
triunfalmente, triumphantly, in triumph.
triunfo, triumph.
trocar (ue), to change, barter, exchange; — todos los frenos, to get everything twisted.
troje, m., granary.
tronco, trunk of a tree; como un — que se desploma, flat to the ground like a log.
trono, throne.
tropa, troop.
tropel, m., crowd, number, flood.
tropezar (ie), to stumble; — con, to come to, to meet accidentally.
tropezón, m., stumbling, tripping.
tropiezo, obstacle, difficulty.
trote, m., trot; tomar el —, to start on a galop.
trozo, piece, selection, air; —s, snatches.
trucha, trout.
trueno, thunder-clap.
trueque ; á — (de), in exchange, in order to, for the sake of.
tú, thou, you; hablarle de —, address with tú (the more familiar way).
tuerto, squint-eyed; el —, Squint-eye.
tumba, tomb.
tumbar, to fall, tumble; throw down, strike down.
tumulto, tumult, commotion.
tunante, m., crafty fellow, idler, rascal.
túnica, tunic.
tuno, scamp, rogue.
turba, crowd, throng, multitude.
turbación, f., confusion, worry, uneasiness.
turbar, to trouble, alarm.
turbulencia, turbulence, restlessness.
turno, turn; por —, each one in turn.
turquí, see azul.
turrón, m., nougat (a confection made with almonds and honey).
tuve, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of tener.
tuviera, tuviese, imp. subjs. of tener.
tuyo, -a, thine, your; los tuyos, thy (your) people; hacer de las tuyas, to be at your tricks.
ú, or (+ o- or ho-).
Ujarraz, prop. noun.
ultimado, finished.
último, last, latter; greatest, highest; por —, lastly, finally; esto —, this last thing; de —, the last of all; en — término, lastly.
umbral, m., threshold.
unánime, unanimous.
únicamente, only, solely.
único, only; lo —, the only thing.
uniforme, m., uniform; los de —, the soldiers, officers.
unir, to unite, join, meet.
universo, world, universe.
un(o), -a, one, a; pl., some, the same; uno al otro, each other; no son unos, they are not alike.
untar, to grease, rub; — las manos, to bribe.
uña, finger-nail; echar la — (á), to get hold (of).
urbanidad, f., civility, politeness.
urbano, urbane, polite.
urgir, to urge, be urgent; me urge, I am in haste (to).
urna, urn, glass-case (for images).
usar, to use, wear; — de, to make use of.
uso, use, custom.
usted, pl., ustedes, you.
útil, useful.
utilidad, f., utility, service.
V., Vd. = usted; pl., V. V., Vds. = ustedes.
vaciar, to empty.
vacilante, wavering.
vacilar, to stagger.
vacío, empty.
vagar, to wander.
vagido, utterance (of a new-born child).
vago, vague.
vaho, vapor.
vaina, scabbard, sheath.
Valdepeñas, prop. noun (town in the province of Ciudad Real; famous for its table wine).
Valdivia, prop. noun (a town in Chile).
valedor, m., protector, defender.
Valencia, prop. noun (Valencia, pop. about 160,000, is the third largest city of Spain. It is on the east coast, and is an important seaport).
valer, to be worth, procure (as a name); —se (de), to make use (of), employ; hacer —, to insist, claim; vale más, it is better; ¡me valga Dios! bless me!; valiérame más, it would be better for me.
valeroso, brave, heroic.
valga, pr. subj. of valer.
valiente, valiant; (coll.), big, excessive.
valor, m., value, valor, courage.
Valverde, prop. noun (lit., green valley).
Valladolid, prop. noun (capital of the province of the same name; pop. about 70,000).
valle, m., valley, vale.
vámonos, vamos; see ir.
vanidad, f., vanity, ostentation.
vano, vain, in vain; en —, in vain.
vapor, m., vapor, fume, "bouquet" (of wine); steamer.
vara, yard (about 33 inches), rod.
varar, to run aground, be stranded.
variación, f., change.
variar, to vary; — de sitio, to shift, move about.
vario, varied, changing, fickle; pl., several, various.
Varmen, f., prop. noun.
varón, m., man.
varonil, manly, vigorous.
vas, pr. ind. of ir.
vaso, glass.
vaticinio, prediction.
vaya, pr. subj, of ir; exclam., well! indeed! what a question!; — un modo de despedirse, a nice way of taking leave; — con Dios, good-bye and may God keep you.
vé, imper., and pers. sing., of ir.
vecindad, f., neighborhood.
vecindario, inhabitants.
vecino, neighbor, resident, inhabitant; — de, verging on.
vega, (fertile) plain.
vehemencia, vehemence, violence, fervor; con —, vehemently, violently.
vehemente, impetuous.
veinte, twenty.
veinticuatro, twenty-four.
veintinueve, twenty-nine.
veintiún(o), twenty-one.
vejetal, vegetable.
vejez, f., old age.
vela, candle, sail; gran —, main-sail.
velada, watch, wakefulness.
velar, to watch (at night), wake, be watchful.
veleta, weather-vane.
velis nolis (Latin), willy-nilly.
velo, veil, curtain.
veloz, swift.
velozmente, quickly, swiftly.
vena, vein.
vencedor, -a, conqueror, victor.
vencer, to conquer, win, overcome.
vender, to sell.
veneno, poison, wrath, passion; hecho un —, furious.
venerar, to venerate, worship.
vengan, pr. subj. of venir.
venganza, vengeance, revenge.
venida, coming.
venir, to come; fit; —se, to come; si viene á mano, if there is a chance; un poco ancha te vendrá, it is probably a little too wide for you.
venite adoremus (Latin) = venid y adoremos (the beginning words of a prayer).
ventajosamente, advantageously.
ventana, window.
ventilado, ventilated, airy.
ventilar, to ventilate.
ver, to see; á —, let us (me) see; — la cara á la muerte, to face death.
vera, earnestness.
verano, summer.
veras; de —, truly, really, sincerely.
verdad, f., truth; it is true; ¿no es —? is it not true?
verdaderamente, truly, really.
verdadero, real, true, genuine.
verde, green; perverse; poner — á alguno, to accuse one of perversity.
verdura, vegetables.
vergüenza, shame, sense of shame, embarrassment; me da —, I am ashamed.
verídico, truthful, authentic.
verja, railing.
verosimilitud, f., probability, likelihood.
verso, verse; pl., verses, poetry.
verter (ie), to shed.
verticalmente, vertically.
vespertino; paseo —, evening-walk.
vestido, dress, gown; clothes.
vestigio, vestige, foot-mark.
vestir (i), to dress, wear, clothe; —se, to dress; — de, to dress as.
vetusto, ancient, very old.
vez, f., time; en — de, instead of; á la —, successively; at the same time; de — en cuando, now and then; á mi —, in my turn; una sola —, once; tal —, perhaps; sin tal —, perhaps not; las más de veces, most of the time; — y —, once upon a time; á veces, sometimes; una y otra —, repeatedly; pocas veces, seldom.
vi, viste, vió, etc., pret. of ver.
viaje, m., trip, journey, voyage.
viático, viaticum (the sacrament administered to the dying).
víbora, viper.
vibrar, to vibrate; noun, vibration.
vicio, vice, bad habit.
viciosona (aug.), wicked woman.
víctima, victim, prey.
victimario, sacrificer (servant who assists the sacrificing priest).
vida, life; en mi (tu, su, etc.) — (before the verb), never in my (your, his, etc.) life; por — de Cristo, in Heaven's name, for goodness' sake.
vidriera, window, pane.
vidrio, glass; — de colores, stained glass (window).
viejecita (dim.), little old woman.
viejo, -a, old man, old woman; —s, old people; adj., old.
viento, wind.
vientre, m., belly, paunch, stomach; hull (of a ship); intestines (of animals); sobre el —, face downward.
viera, viese, imp. subjs. of ver.
viernes, m., Friday.
viga, beam.
vigilante, m., watch, sentinel.
vigilar, to watch.
vigilia, vigil, sleepless night.
vigor, m., vigor, energy.
vigoroso, vigorous, solid.
villancico, Christmas carol.
vinagre, m., vinegar; cara de —, sour face.
vine, -iste, -o, etc., pret. of venir.
vinífero, wine-producing; referring to the wine.
vinillo (dim.), poor wine.
vino, wine; — del país, wine from one's own country; — generoso, fine, rich wine; — moro, pure wine.
viña, vineyard.
viñedo, district abounding in vineyards; pl., vineyards.
violencia, violence; con —, violently, hard.
violento, forced, unnatural.
virada, tacking, turn.
virgen, f., virgin; ¡— santísima! good gracious!
virtud, f., virtue.
virtuoso, virtuous.
visaje, m., grimace.
visión, f., vision, sight.
visita, visit, visiting, caller, visitor.
víspera, eve.
vista, view, sight, eye; con la — en el suelo, his eyes fastened on the ground; dar — á, to come in view of; fijar la — en, to fix one's eyes on; en — de, because of; en — de que, considering that; because.
vistan, pr. subj. of vestir.
vístase, pr. subj. of vestirse.
visto, p. p. of ver; por lo —, evidently; — y no—, visible and yet incredible.
vistoso, beautiful.
vitalidad, f., vitality.
viuda, widow; quedar —, to be left a widow.
vivamente, quickly, eagerly.
víveres, m. pl., provisions.
vivienda, dwelling-place, home, house.
viviente, m., living being; —s, people.
vivir, to live; ¡viva! long live! hurrah (for)! hail (to)!
vivo, lively, animated, alive, living, vivid; tan al — hecho, made so natural.
vizcaíno, from Biscay.
Vizcaya, Biscay (a region in Northern Spain).
vocear, to shout, cry, cry out.
volante, flying.
volar (ue), to fly, vanish.
volcán, m., volcano.
volubilidad, f., volubility.
voluntad, f., will, good-will, kindness; todas las —es, everyone's good-will.
voluptuosidad, f., voluptuousness; con —, thoroughly (in Los Puritanos).
volver (ue), to turn, return; —se, to turn back or into, change, become; — á hacer alguna cosa, to do something again; —se atrás, to back out; — pies atrás, to retrace one's steps; — en sí, to recover one's senses; vuelto de espaldas, with one's back turned.
vomitar, to vomit; give forth (something one has refused).
vos, ye, you.
vosotros, ye, you.
votar, to vow; voto á ..., by...; ¡voto á bríos! (an oath expressing vengeance), by Heaven!
voto, vow.
voy, vas, va, etc., pr. ind. of ir.
voz, f., voice, word, outcry, rumor; á toda —, á grandes voces, with a loud voice, loudly, at the top of one's voice; dar voces, to make an outcry; á voces, aloud.
vuelo, flight, wings; bajar en un —, to fly down.
vuelta, turn, return; —s, facing, cuffs and lappels; á (de) — de, on returning from; dar la —, to turn back; take a turn; dar la — al mundo, to make a trip around the world; ir de —, to return.
vuelto, p. p. of volver.
vuestro, -a, your, yours.
vulgar, common, ordinary.
vulgarmente, commonly.
vulgo, masses, crowd, mob.
ya, now, then, already; in due time; — no, no longer; ya... ya (with subj.), whether... or; — que, since.
yacer, to lie.
yegua, mare.
yendo, pr. p. of ir.
yerba = hierba.
yerno, son-in-law.
yerto, rigid, stiff.
yugo, yoke.
zahareño, wild, shy, stubborn.
zalamería, flattery.
zambomba, rustic drum (open at one end, closed at the other, with a tightly-stretched skin from which projects a reed, which is rubbed to produce noise).
zapatero, shoemaker, cobbler.
zapato, shoe.
zarzuela, light opera.
¡zas! bang!
zona, zone.
zorregar = zurriagar, to chastise with a whip or thong.
zorro, -a, fox.
zozobra, anguish, worry.
zumba, jest, raillery.
zumbar, to buzz, hum.
zumo, juice.