1-4. der Herr Professor. Herr (and Frau) added to titles are not translated.
1-5. es (introductory), there.
1-6. ihrer (partitive genitive), of them.
1-7. so verschieden sie auch waren ..., however much they differed from one another ...
1-8. in einem (numeral, therefore with emphasis) = in einem Punkte, in one respect.
1-9. des Basses Grundgewalt, the full (fundamental) power of the bass, a quotation from Goethe’s „Faust,“ I, 2085-86:
Wenn das Gewölbe widerschallt,
Fühlt man erst recht
des Basses Grundgewalt
.
When the vault echoes to the song,
One first perceives the bass is deep and strong.
(
Bayard Taylor.
)
1-10. „ wassergeprüft,“ a literal but unidiomatic translation of the English cognate " waterproof," humorously for „wasserdicht“ (Engl. cognate: "watertight").
1-11. Nichte, (in students’ language) for Geliebte, the adored one; love; sweetheart.
1-12. "Hotel du Lac" (French = "Lake Hotel" —the French form to be retained in translation), a humorous allusion to the large hotels of the lakes of Switzerland, first-class in appointments and charges, which as a rule bear French names, while the less expensive stopping-places have such old-fashioned and unpretentious names as "The Bear Inn," "The Ox Inn," etc.