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1880-82
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1884.Sharpe. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. XVII. pp. 405-408 (1884).
Meyer. Zeit. Ges. Orn 1. pp. 269-296, pls. XIV.-XVIII. (1884).
1885.Finsch and Meyer. Zeit. ges. Orn. II. pp. 369-391, pls. XV.-XXII. (1885).
Guillemard. P.Z.S. 1885, pp. 615-665, pl. XXXIX.
1886.Meyer. Monat. Schutze Vogelw. 1886, pp. 85-88, pl.
Meyer. P.Z.S. 1886, pp. 297-298.
Finsch and Meyer. Zeit. ges. Orn. III. pp. 1-29, pls. I.-VI. (1886).
Meyer. Zeit. ges. Orn. III. pp. 30-38 (1886).
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1887.Ramsay. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. (2) II. pp. 239-240 (1887).
Bartlett. P.Z.S. 1887, p. 392.
Oustalet. Le Nat. I. pp. 180-182 (1887).
1888.Meyer. Reisen in Kaiser Wilhelms-Land und Englisch New-Guinea in dem Jahren 1884 u. 1885 an Bord des Deutschen Damfers
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1889.Cabanis. J.f.O. 1889, p. 62, pls. 1 & 2.
Meyer. J.f.O. 1889, pp. 321-326.
De Vis. Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland VI. pp. 245-248 (1889).
1890.De Vis. British New Guinea. Report of the Administration for the period 4th Sept. 1888 to 30th June, 1889.
App. G. Report on Birds from British New Guinea, pp. 105-116 (1890).
(Reprinted, Ibis 1891, pp. 25-41).
Goodwin. Ibis 1890, pp. 150-156.
Meyer. Ibis 1890, p. 412, pl. XII.
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) IX. pp. 554-592 (1890).
1891.Oustalet. Le Nat. V. pp. 260-261 (1891).
Sclater. Ibis 1891, p. 414, pl. X.
Meyer. Abh. Zool. Mus. Dresden 1891, No. 4, pp. 1-17.
1891-98.Sharpe. Monogr. Paradiseidæ and Ptilonorhynchidæ (1891-98)
1892.De Vis. Ann. Queensland Mus. II. pp. 4-11 (1892).
De Vis. Annual Report Brit. New Guinea, 1890-91. App. CC. pp. 93-97. pl. (1892).
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) X. pp. 797-834 (1892).
Meyer. J.f.O. 1892, pp. 254-266.
Crowley. Bull. B.O.C. 1. p. XVI. (1892).
1893.Meyer. Abh. Zool. Mus. Dres. 1892-93, No. 3. pp. 1-33, pls. 1 & 2.
Oustalet. Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Paris, (3) IV. pp. 218-220, pl. XV.; V. pp. 295-299, pl. VI.
Sclater. Ibis 1893, pp. 243-246, pl. VII. text fig.
Finsch. Ibis 1893, pp. 463-464.
Meyer. Ibis 1893, pp. 481-483, pl. XIII.
1894.De Vis. Annual Report, Brit. New Guinea, 1894, pp. 99-105.
Salvad. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) XIV. pp. 150-152 (1894).
Meyer. Bull. B.O.C. IV. pp. VI., VII., XI., XII. (1894).
1894.Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. IV. p. XI. (1894).
Sharpe. Bull. B.O.C. IV. pp. XII.-XV. (1894).
Reichenow. Orn. Monatsb. II. p. 22 (1894).
Meyer. Abh. Zool. Mus. Dres. 1894-95. No. 2. pp. 1-4. pl. (1894).
Büttikofer. Notes Leyden Mus. XVI. pp. 161-165 (1894).
Mead. Amer. Natural. XXVIII. pp. 915-920. pls. XXIX.-XXXI. (1894).
1895.Meyer. Bull. B.O.C. IV. p. XVII. (1895).
Meyer. Abh. Zool. Mus. Dres. 1894-95, no. 5. pp. 1-11. pls. 1 & 2. No. 10. pp. 1-2, pl. I. figs. 1-4 (1895).
Rothschild. Nov. Zool. II. pp. 22, 59, 480, pls. III. & V. (1895).
Hartert. Nov. Zool. II. p. 67 (1895).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. IV. pp. XXI., XXVI., XLII. (1895).
Ogilvie-Grant. Bull. B.O.C. V. p. XV. (1895).
Mead. Amer. Natural. XXIX. pp. 1-9, 409-417, 627-636, 1056-1065, pl. VII. (1895).
Sanyal. P.Z.S. 1895, pp. 541-542.
Oustalet. Bull. Mus. Paris. 1895, pp. 47-50.
Sclater. Ibis 1895, pp. 343, 344, pl. VIII.
1896.Rothschild and Hartert. Nov. Zool. III., pp. 8, 252, 530, 534, pl. I. (1896).
Rothschild. Nov. Zool. III., pp. 10-19 (1896).
Salvadori. Ann. Mus. Civ. Gen. (2) XVI., pp. 55-120 (1896).
Salvadori. Bull. B.O.C. V. p. XXII. (1896).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. VI. pp. XV.-XVI. (1896).
Oustalet. Nouv. Archiv. Mus. Paris (3) VIII. pp. 263-267, pls. XIV. & XV. (1896).
1897.Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. VI. pp. XV., XVI., XXIV., XXV., XL., XLV., LIV. (1897).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. VII. pp. XXI.-XXII. (1897).
Reichenow. Orn. Monatsb. V. pp. 24-26, 161, 178, 179 (1897).
Kleinschmidt. Orn. Monatsb. V. p. 46 (1897).
Kleinschmidt. J.f.O. 1897, pp. 174-178, text-fig.
Reichenow. J.f.O. 1897, pp. 201-224, pls. V. & VI.
Rothschild. Nov. Zool. IV. p. 169, pl. II. fig. 2 (1897).
Hartert. Nov. Zool. IV. p. 396 (1897).
De Vis. Ibis 1897, pp. 250-252, 371-392, pl. VII.
Madarasz. Termes, Füzetek XX. pp. 17-54, pls. 1 & 2 (1897).
Mead. Amer. Natural. XXXI. pp. 204-210 (1897).
1898.Hartert. Bull. B.O.C. VIII. pp. VIII. & IX. (1898).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. VIII. p. XIV. (1898).
Rothschild. Das Tierreich Paradiseidæ, 52 pp. Berlin, 1898.
De Vis. Annual Report, New Guinea, App. AA. Report on birds for 1896-97, pp. 81-90 (1898).
Finsch. Notes Leyden Mus. XX. pp. 129-136 (1898).
Rothschild. Nov. Zool. V. pp. 84-87, 418, 509, 513, pl. XVIII. (1898).
Reichenow. J.f.O. 1898, pp. 124-128, pl. 1.
Caley-Webster. Through New Guinea and the Cannibal Countries. Appendices on birds by Messrs. Rothschild and Hartert (1898).
1899.Salvadori. Ann. Mus. Civ. Genov. (2) XIX. pp. 578-582 (1899).
Rothschild. Nov. Zool. VI. pp. 75 & 218, pls. II. & III. (1899).
Hartert. Nov. Zool. VI. p. 219, pl. IV. (1899).
Madarasz. Termes, Füzetek. XXII. pp. 375-428, pls. XV.-XVII. (1899).
1900.Finsch. Notes Leyden Mus. XXII. pp. 49-69 & 70 (1900).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. X. pp. C. CI. (1900).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XI. pp. 25, 26, 30 (1900).
Madarasz. Orn. Monatsb. VIII. pp. 1-4 (1900).
Renshaw. Nature Notes XI. pp. 164-167 (1900).
Currie. P.U.S. Nat. Mus. XXII. pp. 497-499, pl. XVII. (1900).
1900.Le Souëf. Ibis 1900, pp. 612, 617, text-fig. 1.
1901.Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XII. p. 34 (1901).
Reichenow. Orn. Monatsb. IX. pp. 185-186 (1901).
Madarasz. Termes Füzetek, XXIV. p. 73 (1901).
Hartert. Nov. Zool. VIII. pp. 1, 93 (1901).
Rothschild and Hartert. Nov. Zool. VIII. pp. 53, 102, pls. II.-IV. (1901).
1902.Weiske. Ein Beitrag zur Naturgeschichte der Laubenvogel. Monat. Schutze Vogelw. XXVII. pp. 41-45 (1902).
Sclater. Bull. B.O.C. XIII. p. 23 (1902).
1903.Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XIII. p. 32 (1903).
Finsch. Orn. Monatsb. XI. p. 167 (1903).
Renshaw. Avicult. Mag. (2) II. pp. 26-27, fig. (1903).
Rothschild and Hartert. Nov. Zool. X. pp. 65-89, pl. I. 196-231, 435-480, pls. XIII. & XIV. (1903).
Hartert. Nov. Zool. X. pp. 232-254 (1903).
1904.Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XIV. pp. 38-40 (1904).
Ogilvie-Grant. Bull. B.O.C. XIV. p. 40 (1904).
1905.Ogilvie-Grant. Ibis 1905, pp. 429-440, pl. VIII. text-figs. 22-26.
Pycraft. Ibis 1905, pp. 440-453.
Sharpe. Bull. B.O.C. XV. p. 91 (1905).
Salvadori. Ibis 1905, pp. 401-429, 535-542.
1905-10.Salvadori. In Wytsman, Genera Avium. Psittaci, pts. 5, 11, & 12 (1905-1910).
1906.Salvadori. Ibis, 1906, pp. 124-131, 326-333; 451-465, 642-659.
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XIX. pp. 7-8, 27 (1906).
Foerster and Rothschild. Two new birds of Paradise Zool. Mus. Tring. 3 pp. Tring. 1st October, 1906.
Van Oort. Notes Leyden Mus. XXVIII. p. 129-130 (1906).
Ogilvie-Grant. Bull. B.O.C. XIX. p. 39 (1906).
North. Vict. Nat. XXII. pp. 147, 156-8, pl. (1906).
1907.Salvadori. Ibis 1907, pp. 122-151; 311-322.
Ingram, (Sir W.). Ibis 1907, pp. 225-229, pl. V. text-figs. 8 & 9.
Simpson. Ibis 1907, pp. 380-387, text-figs.
Rothschild and Hartert. Nov. Zool. XIV. pp. 433, 447 (1907).
Rothschild. Nov. Zool. XIV. p. 504, pls. V.-VII. (1907).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XXI. p. 25 (1907).
Hartert. Bull. B.O.C. XXI. p. 26 (1907).
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Ingram, (C.). Avicult. Mag. (2) V. p. 364, pl. (1907).
Le Souëf. Emu. VI. p. 119-120 (1907).
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Van Oort. Notes Leyden Mus. XXX. pp. 127-128 (1908).
Rothschild. Nov. Zool. XV. p. 392 (1908).
Sharpe. Bull. B.O.C. XXI. p. 67 (1908).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XXIII. p. 7 (1908).
Goodfellow. Bull. B.O.C. XXIII. pp. 35-39 (1908).
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Van Oort. Nova Guinea IX., Zoologie Livr. 1. Birds from South-western and Southern New Guinea, pp. 51-107, pl. III. (1909).
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Horsbrugh, (C. B.). Ibis, 1909, pp. 197-213.
Sassi. J.f.O. 1909, pp. 365-383.
Nehrkorn. Orn. Monatsb. XVII. p. 44 (1909).
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Madarasz. Ann. Hist. Nat. Mus. Nat. Hung. Budapest VIII., pp. 172-174, pl. II. (1910).
Goodfellow. Avicult. Mag. (3) 1, pp. 277-286 (1910).
1910.Ogilvie-Grant. Bull. B.O.C. XXVII. p. 10 (1910).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XXVII. pp. 13, 35, 36, 45 (1910).
Hartert. Nov. Zool. XVII. p. 484, pl. X. (eggs) (1910).
1911.Rothschild. Ibis 1911, pp. 350-367, pls. V. & VI.
Rothschild and Hartert. Nov. Zool. XVIII. pp. 159-167 (1911).
Ogilvie-Grant. Bull. B.O.C. XXVII. pp. 66, 68, 83, 84 (1911).
1912.Rothschild. Ibis 1912, pp. 109-112, pl. II.
Ogilvie-Grant. Ibis 1912, pp. 112-118, pl. III.
Hartert. Nov. Zool. XVIII. p. 604. pls. VII. & VIII. (1912).
Rothschild. Bull. B.O.C. XXIX. pp. 50-52 (1912).

APPENDIX B

THE PYGMY QUESTION

By Dr. A. C. HADDON, F.R.S.

Pygmies, as their name implies, are very short men, and the first question to decide is whether this short stature is normal or merely a dwarfing due to unfavourable environment. Although stature cannot be taken as a trustworthy criterion of race, since it is very variable within certain limits among most races, there are certain peoples who may be described as normally tall, medium, or short. The average human stature appears to be about 1·675 m. (5 ft. 6 ins.). Those peoples who are 1·725 (5 ft. 8 ins.) or more in height are said to be tall, those below 1·625 m. (5 ft. 4 ins.) are short, while those who fall below 1·5 m. (4 ft. 11 ins.) are now usually termed pygmies. One has only to turn to the investigations of the Dordogne district by Collignon and others to see how profoundly la misère can affect the stature of a population living under adverse conditions, for example in the canton of Saint Mathieu there are 8·8 per cent. with a stature below 1·5 m. But when one finds within one area, as in the East Indian region, distinct peoples of medium, short and pygmy stature, living under conditions which appear to be very similar, one is inclined to suspect a racial difference between them, and the suspicion becomes confirmed if we find other characters associated with pygmy stature.

Pygmy peoples are widely distributed in Central Africa, but these Negrillos, as they are often termed, do not concern us now.

Asiatic pygmies have long been known, but it is only comparatively recently that they have been studied seriously, and even now there remains much to be discovered about them. There are two main stocks on the eastern border of the Indian Ocean, who have a very short stature and are respectively characterised by curly or wavy hair and by hair that grows in close small spirals—the so-called woolly hair.

(i.) The Sakai or Senoi of the southern portion of the Malay Peninsula are typical examples of the former stock, their average stature is slightly above the pygmy limit, but they need not detain us longer as they belong to a different race of mankind from the woolly-haired stock. It may be mentioned however that cymotrichous (curly-haired), dolichocephalic (narrow-headed), dark-skinned peoples of very short stature, racially akin to the Sakai, have been found in East Sumatra and in Celebes (Toala) more or less mixed with alien blood; and quite recently Moszkowski, as will be mentioned later, has suggested that the islands of Geelvink Bay, Netherlands New Guinea, were originally inhabited by the same stock. All these peoples together with the Vedda and some jungle tribes of the Deccan are now regarded as remnants of a once widely distributed race to which the term Pre-Dravidian has been applied; it is also believed by many students that the chief element in the Australians is of similar origin.