Fig. 16. A SIDE VIEW OF A STEAM ENGINE
Just to see how something a little more complicated would work out on paper, let’s take the cylinder and steam chest of a steam engine. First draw a side view of these parts as shown in Fig. 16.
As the steam chest is a rectangle and every side of it is flat it can be shaded by drawing fine parallel lines spaced equally apart. The cylinder, pipes and rods are round, or rather cylindrical, and to get this effect these parts should be shaded with parallel lines drawn close together beginning at the top and bottom and making them ever farther apart as you get toward the middle and this will give it a rounded appearance.
Next draw the end view of the cylinder and steam-chest. Since the cylinder has been given a diameter of 3¼ inches in the side view, of course it must have the same diameter in the end view as shown in Fig. 17.
Fig. 17. AN END VIEW OF A STEAM ENGINE
By looking again at Fig. 16 you will see that the steam chest is 4½ inches long and that it is 2½ inches high but it is in the end view Fig. 17, that the width of it is shown. The end of the steam chest is shaded with straight parallel evenly spaced lines and the cylinder head is shaded with concentric circles, that is with circles equally spaced apart and having the same center.
Fig. 18. A TOP VIEW OF A STEAM ENGINE