The Cambridge natural history, Vol. 03 (of 10)

by A. H. Cooke; F. R. C. Reed

• Gadinia, [152], [431];
• breathing, [18], [151];
• classification, [19];
• radula, [217], [230]
• Gain, W. A., quoted, [32], [33], [39];
• on taste of Mollusca, [179]
• Galatea, [15], [328], [336], [453]
• Galeomma, [175], [453]
• Galerus, [248], [412];
• egg-capsules, [125]
• Garstang, W., on protective and warning coloration, [73]
• Gaskoin, on tenacity of life, [38];
• on egg-laying, [42]
• Gassies, on hybrid union in snails, [130]
• Gasteropoda, on classification, [8], [11], [400] f.
• Gastrana, [453]
• Gastrochaena, [457];
• habits, [64]
• Gastrodonta, [440]
• Gastropteron, [245], [430]
• Gaza, [376], [408]
• Gena, [246], [408]
• Genea, [424]
• Genotia, [426]
• Geomalacus, [160], [288], [291], [441];
• protective coloration, [70]
• Geomelania, [16], [348], [351], [414]
• Georgia, [331], [414]
• Georissa, [318], [410]
• Geostilbia, [338], [442]
• Gerontia, [441]
• Gerstfeldtia, [290]
• Gibbula, [408]
• Gibbus, [328–338], [440], [440]
• Gillia, [415]
• Gills—see [Branchiae]
• Girasia, [301], [304], [440]
• Glandina, [54], [178], [278], [292] f., [339–355], [440];
• radula, [231], [232];
• habits, [53]
• Glands, germ, [134], [140];
• nidamental, [136]
• Glassia, [501], [505]
• Glaucomya, [320], [454]
• Glaucus, [429], [432]
• Gleba, [437]
• Glessula, [301], [309], [310], [333], [442]
• Glochidium, [147]
• Glomus, [448]
• Glossoceras, [394]
• Glossophora, [7]
• Glottidia, distribution, [485], [487]
• Glycimeris, [457]
• Glyphis, [406]
• Glyptostoma, [341], [441]
• Gomphoceras, [394], [395]
• Gonatus, [391]
• Goniatites, [397], [398]
• Goniobasis, [341], [417]
• Goniodoris, [434];
• protective coloration, [73];
• radula, [229]
• Goniomya, [458]
• Gonostoma, [291], [316], [441]
• Goniostomus, [442]
• Grammysia, [459]
• Grateloupia, [454]
• Great Eastern and mussels, [116]
• Greenhouses, slugs in, [35]
• Green oysters, [108]
• Gresslya, [458]
• Growth of shell, [40], [257]
• Guesteria, [440]
• Guildfordia, [409]
• Guivillea, [186], [376], [425]
• Gulls and Mollusca, [56]
• Gundlachia, [19], [325], [345], [352], [359], [439]
• Gymnoglossa, [216], [225], [422]
• Gymnosomata, [437]
• Gyroceras, [247], [395]
• Gyrotoma, [417]

• Hadra, [306], [315], [319–325], [322], [441]
• Hadriania, [423]
• Haemoglobin, [171]
• Hainesia, [336], [414]
• Halia, [366], [426]
• Haliotinella, [431]
• Haliotis, [266], [407];
• and coyote, [57];
• holes of, [156];
• osphradium, [195];
• epipodium, [199];
• nervous system, [204];
• radula, [215], [226]
• Halopsyche, [159], [438], [438]
• Haminea, [428], [430];
• protective coloration, [73]
• Hamites, [399]
• Hamulina, [399]
• Hanleyia, [403]
• Hapalus, [331], [442]
• Harpa, radula, [425], [216], [221];
• self-mutilation, [45]
• Harpagodes, [418]
• Harpoceras, [399]
• Harvella, [454]
• Hatching of eggs, [43]
• Hazay, on duration of life, [39];
• on variation in Limnaea, [93]
• Hearing powers of Mollusca, [196]
• Heart, in classification, [9];
• action during hibernation, [26];
• and branchiae, [169]
• Hectocotylus arm, [137] f.
• Helcion, [405];
• protective coloration, [69]
• Helcioniscus, [405]
• Hele, F. M., on Hyalinia, [33];
• on Stenogyra, [34]
• Helicarion, [309], [316], [325], [332], [440];
• radula, [232];
• habits, [45], [67]
• Helicidae, radula, [232], [234]
• Helicina, [305], [306], [316–327], [338–358], [410];
• origin, [21];
• exterminated by cold, [24]
• Helicophanta, [335], [336], [441], [441]
• Heligmus, [449]
• Helix, [441];
• toothed aperture, [63];
• protective coloration, [70];
• variation, [87];
• carbonic acid, [163];
• eye, [181], [183];
• food, [179];
• smell, [194];
• jaw, [211];
• distribution, [285];
• tenacity of life, [37];
• breeding, [129]
• Helix alternata, [340];
• angulata, [350];
• aperta, [38], [39], [51], [293];
• arbustorum, bathing, [23];
• caperata, variation, [89];
• cereolus, [340];
• cicatricosa, [316];
• crenilabris, [45];
• delphinuloides, [297];
• desertorum, [37], [38], [70], [294];
• fidelis, [341];
• haemastoma, habits, [70];
• harpa, [287];
• hortensis, [10], [279];
• pulsations, [26];
• epiphragm, [28];
• rock-boring, [49];
• dart, [143];
• imperator, [347];
• habits, [45];
• laciniosa, [297];
• lactea, [25], [38], [42], [279];
• lima, [350];
• muscarum, [347];
• nemoralis, [38], [180];
• niciensis, [292];
• nux denticulata, [350];
• palliata, [340];
• pisana, [25];
• habits, [33];
• pomatia, [25], [34], [40];
• eye, [181];
• pomum, [322];
• pulchella, [279];
• richmondiana, [322];
• rosacea, [259];
• rostrata, [347];
• rota, [314];
• rufescens, pulsations, [26];
• similaris, [279];
• souverbiana, [336], [441];
• strigata, [293];
• tristis, habits, [49];
• turricula, [297];
• Veatchii, [38];
• Waltoni, [304];
• Wollastoni, [297];
• zonata, [293]
• Helix aspersa, homing, [35];
• smell, [36];
• duration of life, [39];
• growth, [40];
• strength, [45];
• boring rock, [50];
• variation, [87], [89];
• eaten, [119];
• hybrid union, [130];
• generative organs, [140] f., [141];
• dart-sac, [143];
• pulmonary chamber, [160];
• radula, [217];
• alimentary canal, [237];
• monstrosities, [251], [252];
• growth, [258];
• distribution, [279], [289]
• Hemiarthrum, [403]
• Hemicardium, [455]
• Hemidonax, [453]
• Hemifusus, [424]
• Hemipecten, [450]
• Hemiplecta, [310], [316], [319], [321], [440]
• Hemisepius, [389]
• Hemisinus, [357], [417]
• Hemitoma, [265]
• Hemitrichia, [314]
• Hemitrochus, [346–351], [441]
• Hemphillia, [245], [341], [441]
• Hercoceras, [395]
• Herdman, Prof. W. A., on cerata of Nudibranchs, [71] f.;
• experiments on taste of Nudibranchs, [72];
• on Littorina rudis, [151] n.
• Hermaea, [432];
• protective coloration, [73]
• Hermaphrodite Mollusca, [134], [140], [145]
• Hermit-crabs, shells used by, [102]
• Hero, [432]
• Heterocardia, [454]
• Heterodiceras, [455]
• Heteropoda, [9], [420] f.;
• radula, [228];
• foot, [200]
• Heudeia, [316], [410]
• Hexabranchus, [434]
• Hibernation, [25], [163]
• High altitudes, Mollusca living at, [24]
• Himella, [15]
• Hindsia, [424]
• Hindsiella, [453]
• Hinge area, [493], [498]
• Hinge, in bivalves, [272]
• Hinnites, [257], [450]
• Hipponyx, [248], [412]
• Hippopus, [455]
• Hippurites, [455], [456]
• Histiopsis, [391]
• Histioteuthis, [391]
• Holcostoma, [417]
• Holohepatica, [433]
• Holopella, [411]
• Holospira, [339], [353], [442]
• Holostomata, [156]
• Homalogyra, [413];
• radula, [223]
• Homalonyx, [245], [343-358], [443]
• Homing powers of Mollusca, [34]
• Homorus, [330–337], [443]
• Hoplites, [399]
• Hoplopteron, [422]
• Horea, [332]
• Horiostoma, [409]
• Hot springs, Mollusca living in, [25]
• Huronia, [394]
• Hyalaea, [10], [436]
• Hyalimax, [245], [305], [306], [338], [443]
• Hyaline stylet, [240]
• Hyalinia, [440];
• pulsations, [26];
• food, [33];
• smell, [194];
• dart, [143];
• radula, [232], [234];
• distribution, [287] f., [318], [340–357];
• H. alliaria, [279];
• smell, [194];
• cellaria, [279];
• Draparnaldi, [33]
• Hyalocylix, [437]
• Hyalosagda, [352]
• Hybocystis, [305], [309], [414]
• Hybridism, [129]
• Hydatina, [430];
• radula, [231]
• Hydrobia, [325], [332], [415];
• H. ulvae, egg-laying, [128]
• Hydrocena, [298], [410];
• radula, [226]
• Hymenoptera build in dead shells, [102]
• Hypobranchaea, [434];
• radula, [230]
• Hypotrema, [448]
• Hypselostoma, [248], [302], [305], [314], [442]
• Hyria, [344], [452]
• Hystricella, [297]

• Ianthina, [360], [126], [411];
• egg-capsules, [125];
• eyes, [186];
• radula, [224]
• Iapetella, [385]
• Iberus, [285–293], [297], [441]
• Ichthyosarcolites, [456]
• Idalia, [179], [429], [434];
• radula, [229], [230]
• Idas, [449]
• Idiosepion, [389]
• Illex, [390]
• Imbricaria, [425];
• radula, [221]
• Imperator, [409]
• Indians of America, use of shells, [100]
• Infundibulum, [408]
• Inioteuthis, [389]
• Ink-sac, [241]
• Inoceramus, [449]
• Insects eaten by Mollusca, [32]
• Insularia, [319], [320]
• Intestine, [241]
• Io, [16], [340], [417]
• Iopas, [423]
• Iphigenia, [15], [453]
• Iravadia, [305], [415]
• Iridina, [294]
• Irus, [297]
• Isanda, [409]
• Ischnochiton, [403]
• Isidora, [298], [320–327], [333], [336], [359], [439]
• Ismenia, [404]
• Isocardia, [269], [451], [451]
• Isodonta, [453]
• Isomeria, [343], [356], [441]
• Issa, [434]

• Jamaicia, [414]
• Janella, [161], [443];
• pulmonary orifice, [161]
• Janellidae, radula, [234];
• distribution, [321–326]
• Janus, [432]
• Japonia, [318]
• Jaws, [210]
• Jeanerettia, [346–351], [441]
• Jeffreys, Dr., on Limnaea, [34];
• on Neptunea, [193]
• Jeffreysia, [415];
• radula, [223]
• Jorunna, protective coloration, [73]
• Jouannettia, [457]
• Jullienia, [307], [415]
• Jumala, [424]

• Kaliella, [301], [304], [310], [314–317], [335], [440]
• Kalinga, [434]
• Kashmir, land Mollusca, [280]
• Katherina, [403]
• Kelletia, [424]
• Kellia, [453]
• Kellyella, [452]
• Kidneys, [242]
• King, R. L., on smell in bivalves, [195]
• Kingena, [506], [508]
• Kitchen-middens, [104]
• Koninckella, [505];
• stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
• Koninckina, [505];
• stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
• Koninckinidae, [501], [505], [508]
• Kutorgina, [504];
• stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508];
• embryonic shell, [509]

• Labial palps, [210]
• Labyrinthus, [342], [353–357], [441];
• aperture, [63]
• Lacaze-Duthiers on Testacella, [52] f.;
• on smell in Helix, [194]
• Lacuna, [413]
• Lacunopsis, [332]
• Lagena, [424]
• Lagochilus, [309], [316–319], [414]
• Lamellaria, [245], [411];
• habits and protective coloration, [74];
• parasitic, [78];
• radula, [223]
• Lamellidoris, [434];
• radula, [229], [230], [231]
• Lampania, [417]
• Land Mollusca, origin, [11] f.
• Lanistes, [249], [294], [328], [331], [416]
• Lankester, Prof. E. Ray, on shell-gland, [132];
• on haemoglobin, [171]
• Lantzia, [278], [338], [439]
• Laoma, [441]
• Larina, [302], [417]
• Larvae of Pelecypoda, [7];
• of insects resembling Mollusca, [67] f.
• Lasaea, [453]
• Latia, [19], [326], [439]
• Latiaxis, [423]
• Latirus, [424]
• Latter, O. H., on Glochidium, [147]
• Layard, E. L., on self-burying Mollusca, [41];
• on sudden appearance of Stenogyra, [47];
• on Coeliaxis, [49];
• on Rhytida and Aerope, [54]
• Leda, [447]
• Leia, [348–351], [442]
• Leila, [344], [452]
• Leonia, [414]
• Lepeta, [405]
• Lepetella, [405]
• Lepetidae, radula, [227]
• Lepidomenia, [404];
• radula, [229]
• Leptachatina, [327]
• Leptaena, [500], [501], [502], [503], [505];
• stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
• Leptaxis, [441]
• Leptinaria, [357], [358], [442]
• Leptochiton, [403]
• Leptoconchus, [75], [423]
• Leptoloma, [348], [351]
• Lepton, [453];
• parasitic, [77];
• commensal, [80];
• mantle-edge, [175], [178]
• Leptoplax, [403]
• Leptopoma, [316], [319], [338], [414]
• Leptoteuthis, [390]
• Leptothyra, [409]
• Leroya, [331]
• Leucochila, [442]
• Leucochloridium, [61]
• Leucochroa, [292], [295], [441]
• Leuconia, [439]
• Leucotaenia, [335], [359], [441]
• Leucozonia, [64], [424], [424]
• Levantina, [295]
• Libania, [295]
• Libera, [327], [441];
• egg-laying, [128]
• Libitina, [451]
• Licina, [414]
• Life, duration of, in snails, [39]
• Ligament, [271]
• Liguus, [349], [351], [442]
• Lima, [178], [179], [450];
• habits, [63]
• Limacidae, radula, [232]
• Limacina, [59], [249], [436], [436]
• Limapontia, [429], [432];
• breathing, [152]
• Limax, [245], [440];
• food, [31], [179];
• variation, [86];
• pulmonary orifice, [160];
• shell, [175];
• jaw, [211];
• radula, [217];
• distribution, [285], [324];
• L. agrestis, eats May flies, [31];
• arborum, slime, [30];
• food, [31];
• flavus, food, [33], [36];
• habits, [35], [36];
• gagates, [279], [358];
• maximus, [32], [161];
• eats raw beef, [32];
• cannibalism, [32];
• sexual union, [128];
• smell, [193] f.
• Limea, [450]
• Limicolaria, [329–332], [443]
• Limnaea, [439];
• self-impregnation, [44];
• development and variation, [84], [92], [93];
• size affected by volume of water, [94];
• eggs, [124];
• sexual union, [134];
• jaw, [211];
• radula, [217], [235];
• L. auricularia, [24];
• glutinosa, sudden appearance, [46];
• Hookeri, [25];
• involuta, [82], [278], [287];
• peregra, [10], [180];
• burial, [27];
• food, [34], [37];
• variation, [85];
• distribution, [282];
• palustris, distribution, [282];
• stagnalis, food, [34], [37];
• variation, [85], [95];
• circum-oral lobes, [131];
• generative organs, [414];
• breathing, [161];
• nervous system, [204];
• distribution, [282];
• truncatula, parasite, [61];
• distribution, [282]
• Limnocardium, [455]
• Limnotrochus, [332], [415]
• Limopsis, [448]
• Limpet-shaped shells, [244]
• Limpets as food for birds, [56];
• rats, [57];
• birds and rats caught by, [57];
• as bait, [118]
• Lingula, [464], [467], [468], [471], [472], [473], [475], [477], [478], [487];
• habits, [483], [484];
• distribution, [485];
• fossil, [493], [494], [503];
• stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508], [510], [511]
• Lingulella, [493], [503];
• stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508], [511]
• Lingulepis, [503], [511]
• Lingulidae, [485], [487], [496], [503], [508]
• Linnarssonia, [504];
• stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508]
• Lintricula, [426]
• Liobaikalia, [290]
• Liomesus, [424]
• Lioplax, [340], [416]
• Liostoma, [424]
• Liostracus, [442]
• Liotia, [408]
• Liparus, [324], [359], [441]
• Lissoceras, [399]
• Lithasia, [340], [417]
• Lithidion, [414]
• Lithocardium, [455]
• Lithodomus, [449]
• Lithoglyphus, [294], [296], [297], [415]
• Lithopoma, [409]
• Lithotis, [302], [443]
• Litiopa, [30], [361], [415]
• Littorina, [413];
• living out of water, [20];
• radula, [20], [215];
• habits, [50];
• protective coloration, [69];
• egg-laying, [126];
• hybrid union, [130];
• monstrosity, [251], [252];
• operculum, [269];
• erosion, [276];
• L. littorea, in America, [374];
• obtusata, generative organs, [135];
• rudis, [150];
• Prof. Herdman’s experiments on, [151] n.
• Littorinida, [415]
• Lituites, [247], [395]
• Liver, [239];
• liver-fluke, [61]
• Livinhacea, [333], [359], [441]
• Livona, [408];
• radula, [226];
• operculum, [268]
• Lloyd, W. A., on Nassa, [193]
• Lobiger, [432]
• Lobites, [397]
• Loligo, [378–389];
• glands, [136];
• modified arm, [139];
• eye, [183];
• radula, [236];
• club, [381];
• L. punctata, egg-laying, [127];
• vulgaris, larva, [133]
• Loligopsis, [391]
• Loliguncula, [390]
• Loliolus, [390]
• Lomanotus, [433]
• Lophocercus, [432]
• Lorica, [403]
• Lowe, E. J., on growth of shell, [40]
• Loxonema, [417]
• Lucapina, [406]
• Lucapinella, [406]
• Lucerna, [441]
• Lucidella, [348–351], [410]
• Lucina, [270], [452]
• Lucinopsis, [454]
• Lung, [151], [160]
• Lunulicardium, [455]
• Lutetia, [452]
• Lutraria, [446], [456]
• Lychnus, [442]
• Lyonsia, [458]
• Lyonsiella, [458];
• branchiae, [168]
• Lyra, stratigraphical distribution, [507]
• Lyria, [425]
• Lyrodesma, [447]
• Lysinoe, [441]
• Lytoceras, [398]

• Maackia, [290]
• Macgillivrayia, [133]
• Machomya, [458]
• Maclurea, [410]
• Macroceramus, [343–353], [442]
• Macroceras, [440]
• Macrochilus, [417]
• Macrochlamys, [296], [299], [301] f., [310], [316–322], [440]
• Macrocyclis, [358], [359], [442]
• Macron, [424]
• Macroön, [441]
• Macroscaphites, [247], [399], [399]
• Macroschisma, [265], [406]
• Mactra, [271], [446], [454]
• Macularia, [285], [291], [292] f., [441]
• Magas, [506];
• stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
• Magellania, [500]
• Magilus, [75], [423]
• Mainwaringia, [302]
• Malaptera, [418]
• Malea, [419]
• Malletia, [447]
• Malleus, [449]
• Mangilia, [426]
• Mantle, [172] f., [173];
• lobes of, [177]
• Margarita, [408];
• radula, [225]
• Marginella, [425];
• radula, [221]
• Mariaella, [314], [338], [440]
• Marionia, [433]
• Marmorostoma, [409]
• Marrat, F. P., views on variation, [82]
• Marsenia, [133]
• Marsenina, [411]
• Martesia, [305], [457]
• Mastigoteuthis, [390]
• Mastus, [296], [442]
• Matheronia, [455]
• Mathilda, [250], [417]
• Maugeria, [403]
• Mazzalina, [424]
• Megalatractus, [424]
• Megalodontidae, [451]
• Megalomastoma, [344], [414]
• Megalomphalus, [416]
• Megaspira, [358], [442]
• Megatebennus, [406]
• Megerlia, distribution, [486], [487]
• Meladomus, [249], [328], [331], [416]
• Melampus, [18], [199], [250], [439], [439]
• Melanatria, [336]
• Melania, [276], [417], [417];
• distribution, [285], [292] f., [316] f., [324], [336]
• Melaniella, [442]
• Melaniidae, origin, [17]
• Melanism in Mollusca, [85]
• Melanopsis, [417];
• distribution, [285], [291], [292] f., [323], [326]
• Melantho, [340], [416]
• Melapium, [424]
• Meleagrina, [449]
• Melia, [348]
• Melibe, [432]
• Melongena, [424];
• radula, [220];
• stomach, [238]
• Merica, [426]
• Merista, [505], [508]
• Meroe, [454]
• Merope, [327]
• Mesalia, [417]
• Mesembrinus, [356], [442]
• Mesodesma, [454]
• Mesodon, [340], [441]
• Mesomphix, [340], [440]
• Mesorhytis, [377]
• Meta, [423]
• Metula, [424]
• Meyeria, [424]
• Miamira, [434]
• Microcystis, [323], [324], [327], [338], [440]
• Microgaza, [408]
• Micromelania, [12], [297]
• Microphysa, protective habits, [70]
• Microplax, [403]
• Micropyrgus, [415]
• Microvoluta, [425]
• Middendorffia, [403]
• Milneria, [451]
• Mimicry, [66]
• Minolia, [408]
• Mitra, [425];
• radula, [221]
• Mitrella, [423]
• Mitreola, [425]
• Mitrularia, [248], [412]
• Modiola, [446], [449];
• habits, [64];
• genital orifice, [242]
• Modiolarca, [449]
• Modiolaria, [449];
• habits, [78]
• Modiolopsis, [452]
• Modulus, [417]
• Monilia, [408]
• Monkey devouring oysters, [59]
• Monoceros, [423]
• Monocondylaea, [452]
• Monodacna, [12], [297], [455]
• Monodonta, [408], [408];
• tentaculae, [178]
• Monogonopora, [134], [140]
• Monomerella, [496], [504]
• Monopleura, [456]
• Monotis, [449]
• Monotocardia, [9], [170], [411]
• Monstrosities, [250]
• Montacuta, [452];
• M. ferruginosa, commensal, [80];
• substriata, parasitic, [77]
• Mopalia, [403]
• Moquin-Tandon, on breathing of Limnaeidae, [162];
• on smell, [193] f.
• Moreletia, [440]
• Morio, [420]
• Mormus, [356], [442]
• Moseley, H. N., on eyes of Chiton, [187] f.
• Moussonia, [327]
• Mouth, [209]
• Mucronalia, [422]
• Mucus, use of, [63]
• Mulinia, [272]
• Mülleria, [344], [452]
• Mumiola, [422]
• Murchisonia, [265], [407]
• Murchisoniella, [422]
• Murex, [423];
• attacks Arca, [60];
• use of spines, [64];
• egg-capsules, [124];
• eye, [182];
• radula, [220];
• shell, [256]
• Musical sounds, [50]
• Mussels, cultivation of, [115];
• as bait, [116];
• poisonous, [117];
• on Great Eastern, [116]
• Mutela, [294], [328], [331], [336], [452]
• Mutyca, [425]
• Mya, [271], [275], [446], [456];
• stylet, [240];
• M. arenaria, variation, [84]
• Myacea, [456]
• Myalina, [449]
• Mycetopus, [307], [316], [344], [452]
• Myochama, [458]
• Myodora, [458]
• Myophoria, [448]
• Myopsidae, [389]
• Myrina, [449]
• Myristica, [424]
• Mytilacea, [448]
• Mytilimeria, [458]
• Mytilops, [452]
• Mytilopsis, [14]
• Mytilus, [258], [449];
• gill filaments, [166], [285];
• M. edulis, [14], [165];
• attached to crabs, [48], [78];
• pierced by Purpura, [60];
• Bideford Bridge and, [117];
• rate of growth, [258];
• stylet, [240]
• Myxostoma, [414]

• Nacella, [405]
• Naiadina, [449]
• Nanina, [278], [300] f., [335], [440];
• radula, [217], [232]
• Napaeus, [296–299], [316], [442]
• Naranio, [454]
• Narica, [412]
• Nassa, [423];
• egg-capsules, [126];
• sense of smell, [193]
• Nassodonta, [423]
• Nassopsis, [332]
• Natica, [246], [263], [411];
• spawn, [126];
• operculum, [268]
• Naticopsis, [409]
• ‘Native’ oysters, [106]
• Nausitora, [15]
• Nautiloidea, [393]
• Nautilus, [254], [392], [395];
• modified arms, [140];
• eye, [183];
• nervous system, [206];
• radula, [236];
• kidneys, [242]
• Navicella, [267], [268], [324], [327], [410];
• origin, [17]
• Navicula, [358], [442]
• Navicula (Diatom), cause of greening in oysters, [108]
• Nectoteuthis, [389]
• Neda, [431]
• Nematurella, [12], [297]
• Nembrotha, [434]
• Neobolus, [504]
• Neobuccinum, [424]
• Neocyclotus, [357], [358]
• Neomenia, [8], [133], [216], [228], [404], [404];
• breathing organs, [154];
• nervous system, [203]
• Neothauma, [332]
• Neotremata, [511]
• Neptunea, [252], [262], [423];
• egg-capsules, [126];
• capture, [193];
• monstrosity, [251]
• Nerinea, [417]
• Nerita, [17], [410];
• N. polita used as money, [97]
• Neritidae, [260], [410];
• radula, [226]
• Neritina, [256], [410];
• origin, [16], [17], [21];
• egg-laying, [128];
• eye, [181];
• distribution, [285], [291] f., [324], [327];
• N. fluviatilis, habitat, [12], [25]
• Neritoma, [410]
• Neritopsis, [409];
• radula, [226];
• operculum, [269]
• Nervous system, [201] f.
• Nesiotis, [357], [442]
• New Zealanders, use of shells, [99]
• Nicida, [413]
• Ninella, [409]
• Niphonia, [408]
• Niso, [422]
• Nitidella, [423]
• Nodulus, [415]
• Notarchus, [431]
• Nothus, [358], [442]
• Notobranchaea, [438]
• Notodoris, [434]
• Notoplax, [403]
• Novaculina, [305]
• Nucula, [254], [269], [273], [447]
• Nuculidae, otocyst, [197];
• foot, [201]
• Nuculina, [448]
• Nudibranchiata, [432];
• defined, [10];
• protective and warning colours, [71] f.;
• breathing organs, [159]
• Nummulina, [295]
• Nuttallina, [403]

• Obba, [311], [315], [441]
• Obbina, [306], [311], [312], [314], [319]
• Obeliscus, [442]
• Obolella, [496], [504];
• stratigraphical distribution, [506], [508]
• Obolidae, [496], [504], [508]
• Obolus, [504], [508];
• embryonic shell, [509]
• Ocinebra, [423]
• Octopodidae, hectocotylised arm, [137], [139], [140]
• Octopus, [379–386];
• egg-capsules, [127];
• vision, [184];
• radula, [236];
• crop, [238]
• Ocythoe, [384];
• hectocotylus, [138]
• Odontomaria, [407]
• Odontostomus, [358], [442]
• Odostomia, [250], [422];
• parasitic, [78]
• Oesophagus, [237]
• Ohola, [434]
• Oigopsidae, [390]
• Oldhamina, [506], [508]
• Oleacina, habits, [55]
• Oliva, [199], [255], [275], [425], [426]
• Olivancillaria, [426]
• Olivella, [260], [267], [426];
• O. biplicata as money, [97]
• Olivia, [408]
• Omalaxis, [413]
• Omalonyx, habitat, [23]
• Ommastrephes, [6], [378], [390]
• Ommatophores, [180], [187]
• Omphalotropis, [306], [309], [316], [324], [327], [338], [414]
• Onchidiella, [443]
• Onchidiidae, [245];
• radula, [234];
• anus, [241]
• Onchidiopsis, [411]
• Onchidium, [443];
• breathing, [163];
• eyes, [187]
• Onchidoris, radula, [230]
• Oniscia, [420]
• Onoba, [415]
• Onychia, [390]
• Onychoteuthis, [390];
• club, [386]
• Oocorys, [420]
• Oopelta, [329], [440]
• Opeas, [442]
• Operculum, [267] f.
• Ophidioceras, [247], [395]
• Ophileta, [413]
• Opis, [451]
• Opisthobranchiata, [427];
• defined, [9];
• warning, etc., colours, [71] f.;
• generative organs, [144];
• breathing organs, [158];
• organs of touch, [178];
• parapodia, [199];
• nervous system, [203];
• radula, [229]
• Opisthoporus, [266], [300], [314–316], [414]
• Opisthostoma, [248], [309], [413]
• Oppelia, [399]
• Orbicula, [464]
• Orbiculoidea, [504], [510]
• Orders of Mollusca, [5–7]
• Organs of sense, [177]
• Origin of land Mollusca, [11] f.
• Ornithochiton, [403]
• Orphnus, [356], [441]
• Orpiella, [440]
• Orthalicus, [342–358], [355], [442];
• habits, [27];
• variation, [87];
• jaw, [211];
• radula, [233], [234]
• Orthis, [505];
• stratigraphical distribution, [506], [507], [511]
• Orthoceras, [394], [394]
• Orthonota, [457]
• Orthothetes, [505];
• stratigraphical distribution, [507], [508]
• Orygoceras, [247]
• Osphradium, [194] f.
• Ostodes, [327]
• Ostracotheres, [62]
• Ostrea, [252], [258], [446], [449];
• intestine, [241]
• Otina, [18], [439]
• Otoconcha, [326], [440]
• Otocysts, [196] f., [197]
• Otopleura, [422]
• Otopoma, [331], [338], [414]
• Otostomus, [353], [442]
• Ovary, [135]
• Ovoviviparous genera, [123]
• Ovula, [419];
• protective coloration, [70], [75];
• radula, [80], [224];
• used as money, [97]
• Ovum, development of fertilised, [130]
• Oxychona, [358]
• Oxygyrus, [422];
• foot, [200]
• Oxynoe, [432];
• radula, [230]
• Oyster-catchers, shells used by, [102]
• Oyster, cultivation, [104–109];
• living out of water, [110];
• enemies, [110] f.;
• reproduction, [112] f.;
• growth, [114];
• cookery, [114];
• poisonous oysters, [114];
• vision, [190]

• Pachnodus, [329–335], [441], [442]
• Pachybathron, [425]
• Pachychilus, [354]
• Pachydesma crassatelloides, money made from, [97]
• Pachydomidae, [451]
• Pachydrobia, [307], [415]
• Pachylabra, [416]
• Pachyotus, [334], [336], [355], [358], [441]
• Pachypoma, [409]
• Pachystyla, [337], [440]
• Pachytypus, [451]
• Padollus, [407]
• Palaearctic region, [284] f.
• Palaeoneilo, [447]
• Palaeosolen, [457]
• Palaina, [327], [413]
• Palio, [434]
• Pallial line and sinus, [270]
• Pallifera, [340], [440]
• Palliobranchiata, [464]
• Paludina, [416];
• penis, [136];
• eye, [181];
• vision, [184];
• P. vivipara, [24]—see also [Vivipara]
• Paludomus, [332], [336], [338], [417]
• Panama, Mollusca of, [3]
• Panda, [322], [325], [335]
• Pandora, [458]
• Papuans, use of shells, [99]
• Papuina, [309], [319–324], [441]
• Paramelania, [332]
• Paramenia, [404]
• Parasitic worms, [60] f.;
• Mollusca, [74] f.
• Parastarte, [451]
• Parkinsonia, [398]
• Parmacella, [245], [291], [294] f., [438] n., [440];
• radula, [232];
• shell, [175]
• Parmacochlea, [322], [326], [440]
• Parmarion, [309], [440]
• Parmella, [326], [440]
• Parmophorus, [406]
• Parthena, [349–352], [350], [441]
• Parts of univalve shell, [262];
• bivalve, [269]
• Partula, [319–327], [326], [442];
• radula, [233]
• Paryphanta, [321], [325], [440]
• Paryphostoma, [415]
• Passamaiella, [332]
• Patella, [405], [464];
• as food, [56] f.;
• eye, [182];
• radula, [214], [215], [227];
• crop, [238];
• anus, [241];
• kidneys, [242];
• shell, [262];
• P. vulgata, veliger, [132];
• breathing organs, etc., [156], [157]
• Patelliform shell in various genera, [19]
• Paterina, [509], [510], [511]
• Patinella, radula, [227]
• Patula, [297], [298], [318–338], [340], [441]
• Paxillus, [413]
• Pearl oysters, [100]
• Pecten, [446], [450], [450];
• organs of touch, [178];
• ocelli, [191];
• flight, [192];
• nervous system, [206];
• genital orifice, [242];
• ligament, [271]
• Pectinodonta, [405];
• radula, [227]
• Pectunculus, [448]
• Pedicularia, [75], [419];
• radula, [224]
• Pedinogyra, [319], [322], [442]
• Pedipes, [18], [199], [439], [439]
• Pedum, [450]
• Pelagic Mollusca, [360]
• Pelecypoda, [7], [445];
• development, [145];
• generative organs, [145];
• branchiae, [166–169];
• organs of touch, [178];
• eyes, [189] f.;
• foot, [201];
• nervous system, [205]
• Pella, [333]
• Pellicula, [352], [442]
• Peltoceras, [399]
• Pentadactylus, [423]
• Peraclis, [436]
• Pereiraea, [418]
• Perideris, [328–330], [443]
• Periodicity in breeding, [129]
• Periophthalmus, [187]
• Periostracum, [275]
• Periploma, [459]
• Perisphinctes, [399]
• Perissodonta, [418]
• Perissolax, [424]
• Peristernia, [424]
• Perna, [449];
• ligament, [271]
• Pernostrea, [449]
• Peronaeus, [358], [442]
• Peronia, [443]
• Perrieria, [319], [442]
• Perrinia, [408]
• Persicula, [425]
• Persona (= Distortio), [420]
• Petenia, [353], [440]
• Petersia, [420]
• Petraeus, [295], [331], [442]
• Petricola, [454]
• Phacellopleura, [403]
• Phanerophthalmus, [430]
• Phaneta, [408]
• Phania, [312], [441]
• Pharella, [457]
• Pharus, [457]
• Pharynx, [210]
• Phasianella, [409]
• Phasis, [333]
• Phenomena of distribution, [362]
• Philine, [245], [428], [430];
• protective coloration, [73];
• radula, [229], [230]
• Philomycus, [245], [318], [440]
• Philonexis, [138]
• Philopotamis, [304], [417]
• Phoenicobius, [315], [441]
• Pholadacea, [457]
• Pholadidea, [457]
• Pholadomya, [459]
• Pholas, [245], [274], [447], [457];
• in fresh water, [15]
• Phos, [424]
• Photinula, [408]
• Phragmophora, [386]
• Phyllidia, [434];
• breathing organs, [159]
• Phyllirrhoe, [360], [428], [433]
• Phyllobranchus, [432]
• Phylloceras, [398], [398];
• suture, [396]
• Phylloteuthis, [390]
• Physa, [439];
• aestivating out of water, [27];
• spinning threads, [29];
• sudden appearance, [46];
• osphradium, [195];
• nervous system, [205];
• radula, [235];
• P. hypnorum, [23], [27]
• Pileolus, [410]
• Pileopsis, [76]
• Piloceras, [394]
• Pinaxia, [423]
• Pineria, [442]
• Pinna, [449];
• shell, [254]
• Pinnoctopus, [385]
• Pinnotheres, [62]
• Pinoceras, [398]
• Pirena, [417]
• Pirenella, [416]
• Piropsis, [424]
• Pirula—see [Pyrula]
• Pisania, [424]
• Pisidium, [453];
• smell, [195];
• ova, [146];
• P. pusillum, distribution, [282]
• Pitys, [327]
• Placobranchus, [432]
• Placostylus, [322], [323–325], [359], [442];
• radula, [233]
• Placuna, [448];
• P. placenta used for windows, [101]
• Placunanomia, [448]
• Placunopsis, [448]
• Plagioptycha, [347–351], [441]
• Plagioptychus, [456]
• Planaxis, [417]
• Planispira, [311], [312], [319], [441]
• Planorbis, [27], [247], [439];
• monstrosity, [93];
• eye, [181];
• P. albus, distribution, [282]
• Platyceras, [76], [412]
• Platydoris, [434]
• Platypoda, [411]
• Platyschisma, [413]
• Plaxiphora, [403]
• Plecochilus, [442]
• Plecotrema, [439]
• Plectambonites, [505]
• Plectomya, [459]
• Plectopylis, [303], [305], [314], [316];
• aperture, [63]
• Plectostylus, [358], [442]
• Plectotropis, [305], [306], [310], [311], [314–318], [441]
• Plectrophorus, [298]
• Plesiastarte, [451]
• Plesiotriton, [420]
• Pleurobranchaea, [431];
• jaws, [212]
• Pleurobranchoidea, [431]
• Pleurobranchus, [245], [428], [431];
• warning coloration, [73];
• jaws, [212];
• radula, [230]
• Pleurocera, [340], [417]
• Pleuroceridae, origin, [17]
• Pleurodonta, [348];
• aperture, [63]
• Pleuroleura, [433]
• Pleuromya, [458]
• Pleurophorus, [451]
• Pleurophyllidia, [433];
• breathing organs, [159];
• radula, [230]
• Pleuropyrgus, [357]
• Pleurotoma, [426], [426];
• slit, [263], [265]
• Pleurotomaria, [266], [373], [376], [407], [407];
• prices given for recent, [122];
• slit, [156];
• radula, [226]
• Plicatula, [450]
• Pliny the elder, on use of snails, [118], [120]
• Plocamopherus, [434]
• Plochelaea, [425]
• Plutonia, [298], [440]
• Pneumoderma, [158], [437], [438]
• Poecilozonites, [352], [440]
• Poisonous bite of Conus, [65];
• poisonous oysters, [114];
• mussels, [117]
• Polycera, [434];
• radula, [230]
• Polycerella, [434]
• Polyconites, [456]
• Polydontes, [346–351], [347], [441]
• Polygona, [424]
• Polygyra, [340], [345–353], [441];
• aperture, [63]
• Polygyratia, [246], [263], [357], [442]
• Polymita, [346–351], [347], [441]
• Polyplacophora, [9], [401] f.;
• radula, [228]
• Polytremaria, [266], [407]
• Pomatia, [285], [293], [295], [441]
• Pomatias, [288], [289], [292] f., [302], [413]
• Pomatiopsis, [415]
• Pomaulax, [409]
• Pompholyx, [250], [341], [439]
• Ponsonbya, [332]
• Poromya, [459];
• branchiae, [168]
• Porphyrobaphe, [27], [356], [442]
• Position of Mollusca in Animal Kingdom, [4]
• Potamides, [16], [416]
• Potamomya, [15]
• Potamopyrgus, [325], [326], [415]
• Poterioceratidae, [394]
• Praecardium, [459]
• Prasina, [449]
• Prices given for rare shells, [121]
• Primitive mollusc, form of, [245];
• types of, [7]
• Prisogaster, [409]
• Pristiloma, [341], [440]
• Proboscidella, [497], [504]
• Productidae, [497], [500], [504], [508]
• Productus, [492], [501], [502], [504];
• stratigraphical distribution, [508]
• Promachoteuthis, [389]
• Proneomenia, [404];
• breathing organs, [154];
• nervous system, [203];
• radula, [229]
• Prophysaon, [341], [441];
• habits, [44]
• Propilidium, [405]
• Proserpina, [21], [355], [410]
• Proserpinella, [354], [410]
• Proserpinidae, relationships, [21]
• Prosobranchiata, [9], [404] f.;
• breathing organs, [154]
• Prosocoelus, [451]
• Protective coloration, [69] f.;
• in snails, [70];
• in Nudibranchs, [71] f.;
• in other Mollusca, [74]
• Protegulum, [509]
• Protobranchiata, [447];
• branchiae, [166]
• Protoma, [417]
• Protremata, [511]
• Provocator, [376], [425]
• Psammobia, [456]
• Pseudachatina, [328–330], [443]
• Pseudedmondia, [452]
• Pseudobalea, [350]
• Pseudo-deltidium, [498], [511]
• Pseudodon, [295], [307], [452]
• Pseudolamellibranchiata, [167], [449]
• Pseudoliva, [424]
• Pseudomelania, [417]
• Pseudomilax, [296], [440]
• Pseudomurex, [423]
• Pseudopartula, [323]
• Pseudosubulina, [440]
• Ptenoglossa, [224], [411]
• Pterinaea, [449]
• Pteroceras, [256], [262], [418]
• Pteroctopus, [384]
• Pterocyclus, [266], [267], [300], [316], [414];
• tube, [157]
• Pterodonta, [418]
• Pteropoda, [7], [434];
• breathing organs, [158];
• foot, [200];
• radula, [230]
• Pterotrachaea, [421];
• foot, [200];
• radula, [227]
• Ptychatractus, [424]
• Ptychoceras, [399]
• Ptychodesma, [452]
• Pugilina, [424]
• Pulmonata, [10], [22], [151], [185], [438];
• origin, [17], [19];
• breathing organs, [160];
• nervous system, [203]
• Pulsellum, [444]
• Punctum, [441]
• Puncturella, [265], [406]
• Pupa, [289], [296], [325–357], [442];
• P. cinerea, hybrid union, [129]
• Pupidae, radula, [233]
• Pupilla, [442]
• Pupillaea, [406]
• Pupina, [157], [266], [309], [318–327], [414]
• Pupinella, [318], [414]
• Purpura, [423];
• operculum, [269];
• erosion, [276];
• P. coronata, [367];
• lapillus, feeding on Mytilus, [60];
• on oysters, [111];
• protective coloration, [69];
• variation, [90];
• egg-capsules, [124];
• time of breeding, [129];
• distribution, [363] n.
• Purpuroidea, [423]
• Pusionella, [426]
• Pygocardia, [451]
• Pygope, [497]
• Pyramidella, [422]
• Pyramidellidae, [262]
• Pyrazus, [50], [416]
• Pyrgina, [330]
• Pyrgula, [415]
• Pyrochilus, [441]
• Pyrolofusus, [423]
• Pyrula (= Pirula), [419], [420];
• spawn, [125];
• operculum, [269]
• Pythina, [453]