[108] Gaius ii. 104 “Familiam pecuniamque tuam endo mandatela tutela custodelaque mea, quo tu jure testamentum facere possis secundum legem publicam, hoc aere esto mihi empta.” For familia pecuniaque see p. 24.
[109] The stipulation that it was a trust would still have taken the patrimony wholly from the testator during the remainder of his life. We hear nothing about the formal reservation of a life interest.
[110] “Cum nexum faciet mancipiumque, uti lingua nuncupassit ita jus esto.”
[111] Gaius ii. 104 “Haec ita, ut in his tabulis cerisque scripta sunt, ita do, ita lego, ita testor, itaque vos, quirites, testimonium mihi perhibetote.”
[112] Plut. Comp. Lyc. c. Num. 4 λέγεται γούν ποτε γυναικὸς εἰπούσης δίκην ἰδίαν ἐν ἀγορᾷ πέμψαι τὴν σύγκλητον εἰς θεοῦ, πυνθανομένην, τίνος ἅρα τῇ πόλει σημεῖον εἴη τὸ γεγενημένον.
[113] Such as the lex Claudia, which abolished the legitima tutela agnatorum (Gaius i. 171).
[114] A trace of the old disability survives in the prohibition of advocacy to women; the praetors declined to grant them a formula on behalf of others. A certain Carfania (Gaia Afrania) “inverecunde postulans et magistratum inquietans” is said to have been the occasion of this rule (Ulp. in Dig. 3, 11, 5).
[115] This usage was preserved in the praetor’s edict; he spoke of “qui quaeve ... capite deminuti deminutaeve esse dicentur” (Dig. 4, 5, 2, 1), meaning what the later jurists call cap. dem. minima, i.e. loss of familia.
[116] See Eisele “Zur Natur u. Geschichte der capitis deminutio” in Beiträge zur Römischen Rechtsgeschichte p. 160. He combats the counter view that capitis dem. meant an annihilation of personality. Mommsen (Staatsr. iii. 8) takes this latter view—a natural result of juristic refinement, but a conception that would have been quite unintelligible to a primitive community.
[117] Gaius i. 162 “Minima capitis deminutio est, cum et civitas et libertas retinetur, sed status hominis commutator; quod accidit in his qui adoptantur, item in his quae coemptionem faciunt, et in his qui mancipio dantur, quique ex mancipatione manumittuntur.”