A few such as Ancona were still republics, but were weak and obscure.
[19] The best account of Lucrezia Borgia is to be found in Gregorovius’ Cæsar Borgia, a work which has been translated into French.
[20] For a review of Cæsar’s character, and of Machiavelli’s treatment of him, cf. Creighton, vol. iv. 64; Burd, Machiavelli, introduction, pp. 22, 28; Villari, Machiavelli, ii. 154; Symonds’ Age of the Despots, p. 275.
| Ferdinand of Aragon | = | Isabella of Castile | ||||||||||||||
| John | Emanuel of Portugal | = | Isabella | Joanna | = | Archduke Philip | ||||||||||
| †1497 | †1498 | |||||||||||||||
Michael | ||||||||||||||||
[22] On the question of Joanna’s madness, cf. authorities at [page 104,] [note].
[23] The leaders of the Medici at this time were as follows:—
1. Giuliano, Duke of Nemours, and Cardinal Giovanni, subsequently Leo X., both sons of Lorenzo.
2. Giulio, nephew of Lorenzo, subsequently Cardinal and then Pope Clement VII.
3. Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino, son of Piero, grandson of Lorenzo.