[11] The ‘taille’ was a tax levied on land and income. It was first imposed by the Estates of Orleans, 1439. The nobles, clergy, the officials of the sovereign courts, and other royal officials were exempt. It therefore fell exclusively on the lower classes. Cf. [Appendix i.], [p. 456].

[12] Three other sons of Galeazzo Sforza, one legitimate, the other two illegitimate, were also taken prisoners and died in captivity.

[13] For the fate of the other children of Federigo, cf. Sismondi, Hist. des Rep. Italiennes, ix. 295.

[14]

Ferdinand of Aragon = Isabella of Castile
†1516 †1504
John = Margaret Joanna = Archduke Philip Mary = Emanuel Catherine
†1497 d. of Maximilian †1555 s. of Maximilian of Portugal

(1) betrothed
†1506  †1521  to Prince
 Arthur.

(2) Married
 Henry VIII.
Charles V.

[15] For the position of these districts, see [Map of Italy].

[16] Cf. especially, Le Combat singulier entre Bayard et Don Alonzo, and Le Combat des treize contre treize, La tresjoyeuse Histoire des gestes du bon Chevalier, c. xxii.–xxiii. Ed. Petitot, vol. 15.

[17] His son John d’Albret, king of Navarre in right of his wife, had allied himself with Ferdinand, fearing the claims on Navarre of the younger branch, then represented by Gaston de Foix, nephew of Louis XII.

[18] The most important of these petty states in Alexander’s time were the

Duchy of Ferrara in the hands of Ercole, Marquis of Este.
Bologna,„Giovanni Bentivoglio.
Imola and Forli,„Caterina Sforza, niece of Ludovico il Moro, and widow of Girolamo Riario, nephew of Sixtus IV.
Rimini, „Pandolfo Malatesta.
Faenza,„Astorre Manfredi.
Pesaro,„Giovanni Sforza, distant cousin of Ludovico and first husband of Lucrezia Borgia.
Camerino,„Giulio Cæsare Varano.
Duchy of Urbino,„Guidobaldo di Montefeltro.
Sinigaglia,„Francesco Maria della Rovere, a boy.