[619] Reclus, VI.; Eng. ed. p. 360.
[620] V. M. Mikhailovskii, Shamanism in Siberia and European Russia, translated by Oliver Wardrop, Journ. Anthr. Inst. 1895, p. 91.
[621] M. A. Czaplicka, Aboriginal Siberia, 1914. Part III. discusses Shamanism, pp. 166-255.
[622] Hakluyt, 1809 ed., I. p. 317 sq.
[623] Quoted by Mikhailovskii, p. 144.
[624] Cf. H. A. Giles, China and the Manchus, 1912.
[625] Souvenirs d'un voyage dans la Tartarie, 1853, I. 162.
[626] Through Siberia, 1882, Vol. II. p. 172.
[627] European visitors often notice with surprise the fine physique of these natives, many of whom average nearly six feet in height. But there is an extraordinary disparity between the two sexes, perhaps greater than in any other country. The much smaller stature and feebler constitution of the women is no doubt due to the detestable custom of crippling the feet in childhood, thereby depriving them of natural exercise during the period of growth. It may be noted that the anti-foot-bandaging movement is making progress throughout China, the object being to abolish the cruel practice by making the kin lien ("golden lilies") unfashionable, and the ti mien, the "heavenly feet,"—i.e. the natural—popular in their stead.
[628] H. Lansdell, Through Siberia, 1882, II. p. 172.