(1) Hekataios of Miletos, tyrant, statesman, and writer, b.c. 500-480. Sent as ambassador to the Persians after the suppression of the Ionic revolt. Travelled in Egypt as far as Thebes. His account of Egypt contained in his great work on geography, now lost.
(2) Thales of Miletos, philosopher, b.c. 500. Wrote on the causes of the inundation of the Nile.
(3) Hellanikos of Mytilênê, historian, b.c. 420. Wrote an account of Egypt and a journey to the oasis of Ammon, now lost.
(4) Herodotos of Halikarnassos, historian, b.c. 445-430. Travelled in Egypt as far as the Fayyûm. His account of Egypt chiefly contained in the second book of his histories.
(5) Demokritos of Abdera, philosopher, b.c. 405. Spent five years in Egypt, and wrote books on geography and on the Ethiopic hieroglyphics, now lost.
(6) Aristagoras of Miletos, b.c. 350. Wrote a history of Egypt in at least two books, now lost.
(7) Eudoxos of Knidos, philosopher. Visited Egypt in b.c. 358, and wrote an account of it in his work on geography, now lost.
(8) Leo of Pella, b.c. 330. Wrote a book on the Egyptian gods, now lost.
(9) Hekataios of Abdera, b.c. 300. Lived at the court [pg 327] of Ptolemy i., travelled up the Nile and examined the Theban temples. Wrote a history of Egypt, the first book of which was on Egyptian philosophy, now lost. The account of the Ramesseum (the temple of Osymandyas or Usir-mâ-Ra) given by Diodôros is derived from his work.
(10) Manetho, Egyptian priest of Sebennytos, b.c. 270. Compiled the history of Egypt in Greek from the records contained in the temples. Corrected many of the errors of Herodotos, according to Josephus. The work was divided into three parts, and Josephus quotes from it the account of the Hyksos conquest, the list of the kings of the eighteenth dynasty, and the Egyptian legend of the Israelitish Exodus. An epitome of the history was probably added at the end of the work. We know it from the list of dynasties quoted by the Christian writers Julius Africanus (a.d. 220) and Eusebius, both of whom endeavoured to harmonise its chronology with that of the Old Testament. The work of Africanus is lost, but the list of dynasties has been preserved by Georgios the Synkellos or Coadjutor of the Patriarch of Constantinople (a.d. 792), who has added two other lists professedly from Manetho, but really from post-Christian forgeries (“The Old Chronicle” and “The Book of Sôthis”). Eusebius quotes from a copyist of Africanus, or some unknown copyist of Manetho himself, and his list has been preserved (like that of Africanus) by George the Synkellos, as well as in an Armenian translation. Manetho also wrote (in Greek) on Egyptian festivals and religion, but all his works are lost.