(11) Eratosthenes of Kyrênê, geographer, chronologist, astronomer and mathematician, b.c. 275-194. Librarian of the Alexandrine Museum under Ptolemy iv. First fixed the latitude of places by measuring the length of the sun's shadow at noon on the longest day in Alexandria and then [pg 328] calculating the distance to Assuan, where there was no shadow at all. In his work on chronology (now lost) he gave a list of Theban kings, selected from the various dynasties, like the lists of Karnak or Abydos. This has been preserved, along with an attempt to translate the meaning of the names. The translations, however, are erroneous, as they are made from the Greek forms of the names compared with words then current in the decaying Egyptian of the day.
(12) Ptolemy of Megalopolis, b.c. 200. Wrote a history of Ptolemy Philopator, now lost.
(13) Kallixenos of Rhodes, b.c. 210. Wrote a description of Alexandria in four or more books, now lost.
(14) Philistos of Naukratis, b.c. 225. Wrote a description of Naukratis, a history of Egypt in twelve books, and an account of Egyptian religion in three books: all lost.
(15) Kharôn of Naukratis, b.c. 160. Wrote on Naukratis and on the succession of the Ptolemaic priests; the works are lost.
(16) Lykeas of Naukratis, b.c. 160. Wrote an account of Egypt, now lost.
(17) Agatharkhides of Knidos, geographer and historian, b.c. 120. Gave an account of the working of the Egyptian gold-mines (in his geographical work on the Red Sea) which has been preserved by Photios.
(18) Lysimakhos of Alexandria, b.c. 50. Wrote a history of Egypt containing the Egyptian legend of the Hebrew Exodus, which has been preserved by Josephus.
(19) L. Cornelius Alexander Polyhistor, b.c. 82-60. Wrote an account of Egypt in three books; now lost.
(20) Diodôros of Sicily (Diodorus Siculus), historian, travelled in Egypt, b.c. 57, published his great historical work, called Bibliothêkê, b.c. 28. The first book of it devoted [pg 329] to Egypt and Ethiopia. Quoted largely from Herodotos, Hekataios of Abdera, Ephoros and other authors now lost. We are dependent on him for a connected history of Egypt during the Persian period.