[155:1] Parker, "Sir Robert Peel," I., 50, 160-62, 222, 269. At this time the permanent under-secretary in Ireland was expected to take an active part in politics, for we find Peel writing to him to use every exertion to get the Irish members to support the government on the Catholic question. Ibid., 73.
[155:2] Dorman B. Eaton, "Civil Service in Great Britain." Although not always accurate, this is the best, and indeed almost the sole, history of the patronage system and the gradual substitution therefor of appointment by examination.
[155:3] "Recollections and Suggestions," 33.
[155:4] Sir Thomas Erskine May, although writing when this system was passing away, seemed to regard it as essential to party government. Speaking of the effects of parliamentary reform upon the state of parties, he says, "But throughout these changes, patronage has been the mainspring of the organisation of parties." "Const. Hist. of England" (1 Am. Ed.), II., 99.
[156:1] Parker, "Sir Robert Peel," II., 140.
[156:2] Cf. Lowell and Stephens, "Colonial Civil Service."
[156:3] Com. Papers, 1854-1855, XLI., 369.
[156:4] These have since been reduced to two.
[157:1] 22 Vic., c. 26; §§ 4, 17.
[157:2] Com. Papers, 1860, IX., 1.