Clipsis, that is a defect of sence in a word or necessarie reason, aunswerable to the due construction, as when hauing spoken sufficientlie of a matter, we close vp the sentence with these wordes, But this for that let be, and now to the rest, where after let be, this worde (sufficient) seemeth to be wanting. Likewise, what might be more in the matter? for what might be more don or spoken in the matter. Also to saie, you are not to aunswere or compare with him, for you are not meete, sufficient, or able to answere or compare with him. Or otherwise to say, A man of so rare vertue, so deeplie to be ouerseene, for, is it true that a man of so rare vertue shoulde so deeply be ouerseene.
Aposiopesis, when by passing to another matter, we stop our spéech on a sudden, as it were in an interrupted or discontented mood, as to say, Are these the practises you take in hand? be these your deuises? hath your worthy courage endeuored so mighty effectes? But I will first tame your courses, and for the residue, I wil hold you in so bridled a meane, that my selfe will warrant you henceforth from any such like further proceedings. Or thus, Vngratefull creature, hast thou dealt wel with me in thus conspiring my ill that haue euer sought thy good? Wel, I wil saie no more, but for thee & thy complices I wil take order well inough to stay you. Or otherwise by way of a fearful rehearsall thus: What euill was there whereunto we were not subiect? But whie dwell I in circumstances? wee were the men allotted to that purpose.
Zeugma, when one or more clauses are concluded vnder one verbe, as to saie, His loosenesse ouercame all shame: his boldnesse, feare: his madnesse, reason: where all these clauses are concluded vnder this one verbe, Ouercame. Or thus: What auaileth it to shrine so much this vaine beauty, which either by long sicknesse, extremity of old age, infinite sorrowes and cares, or a thousand mishaps besides, is euery day in daunger or subiect to bee vtterlie crased: In which all the clauses before going are concluded in this one verbe is in danger, &c.
Syllepsis, when one verbe supplieth two clauses, one person two roomes, or one word serueth to manie sences, as thus: He runs for pleasure, I for feare: where this verbe run, serueth to both purposes: also thus: But scorning so to be reproued, and with a manly resolution by one stroke giuen, he acquited his shame, his credit, and his person, where this one worde acquite serueth to all clauses aforegoing and following.
Prolepsis, where some thing generallie first spoken, is afterwards drawne into partes, as thus: Let vs take vpon vs one selfe charge, I to direct abroad, you to order at home. Or otherwise: Men diuerslie do erre, some by an ignoraunt simplicitie, others by a most peruerse follie.
Pleonasmus, where with words seeming superfluous, we do increase our reasons, as thus: With these eares I heard him speake it: Or with mine eies I behelde him sorrowing, where we well knowe that without eares or eies, we cannot wel heare or see, yet carieth this kind of spéech, a vehemency in enforcing the matter so plainelie, or throughlie to be hard or séene.
Macrologia, where a clause is finallie added to the matter going before, in seeming more then néeded, as, Men of so high and excelling vertue, let them euer liue, and neuer die, here neuer die, seemeth superfluous, and yet notable wel adorneth the sentence.
Anastrophe, a preposterous inuersion of wordes, besides their common course, as when we say: for faults, no man liueth without, when order requireth we should saie: No man liueth without faults: Long when he had confusedly thus liued, for when he had long time thus confusedlie liued.
Hysteron proteron, where that which ought to be in the first place, is put in the second, as thus: After hee had giuen saile to the winde, and taken the Seas, for after he had taken the seas, and giuen saile to the wind. Also, That which of all others is most sacred and permanent, honoured, and euer shining vertue, chuse vnto your selues: for chuse vnto your selues honored and euer shining vertue, which of all others is most sacred and permanent: or, as commonly we say in our English spéech, Pull off my bootes and spurs.