Tmesis of Diacope, a diuision of a word compound into two parts, as, What might be soeuer vnto a man pleasing, that had he, for whatsoeuer might be, &c. Hither should he haue come to, when he finished his argument: for hitherto should he haue come, &c.
Parenthesis, an intercluding of a sentence in any reason commonlie set betweene two halfe circles, as thus: I am content (not in respect you deserue so much at my hands) onelie for pitie sake to hearken ynto you, the knowledge hereof is ordinarie, and therefore I néede speake the lesse of it.
Hypallage, when by change of propertie in application a thing is deliuered, as to saie, Darkesome wandring by the solitary night, for wandring solitarilie by the darkesome night, or the wicked wound thus giuen, for hauing thus wickedlie wounded him. The vse hereof in Poesie is most rife.
Hendiadis, when one thing of it selfe intire, is diuersly layde open, as to saie, On iron and bit he champt, for on the iron bitte hee champt: And part and pray we got, for part of the pray: Also by surge and sea we past, for by surging sea we past. This also is rather Poeticall then other wise in vse.
Asyndeton, when two or thrée clauses or more disioyned do follow one another, as to saie his house, his land, his purse, himselfe, his life, were all at his commaund. Or thus, he scapte, he ran, he rusht, and fled away. Or otherwise, thy fame, thy wealth, thy friends, thy kin, and all hast thou lost togithers.
Polysyndeton, when in like sort by many coniunctions sundrie words one following the other are vnited together, as thus, Both sworde and fire and dearth, three dreadfull scourges of the war were alwayes attendant vpon him. Or thus, with faith and troth and plighted heart, and loue he made him hers, &c.
Hirmos, where a continuance of speech is vsed, vntill the ende of the clause, as God in the beginning made heauen, earth, sea, firmament, sunne, moone, starres, and all things in them contained: where you see all these words, heauen, earth, &c. haue all one continuance vntill the last end of the sentence.
Epitheton, when for ornament sake we adde vnto a worde, or for mislike do attribute somewhat vnto the same, as when for ornament we say, Sweet beautie, precious loue, friendlie fortune: Or contrariwise in mislike, vnbrideled lust, filthie gaine, wicked guile, deceitfull fauour, fond fancie, &c.
class="antiqua"Periphrasis, when by circumlocution anie thing is expressed, as when we say, The Prince of Peripateticks, for Aristotle, the subuerter of Carthage and Numantia, for Scipio. A man studious of wisedome, for a Philosopher: A man diuerslie enriched, for one that is wealthie, &c.
Liptote, when by the lesse that is spoken, the more maie bee vnderstood, as thus: What auaileth it that thou dost not despise me, which is by the contrarie, that thou louest mee, the deliuerie thereof is singular by the negatiue, for that giueth grace to the Figure, as it discontenteth me not to heare of you, but it griueth me to heare ill of you. We are not so ignorant of things, but we can perceiue somewhat. That is in the one, it pleaseth mee well to heare of you, and in the other, we haue skill to discerne of things, and thereby can perceiue somewhat.