Ch. 19.
4. alterum cōnsulātum: this he demanded in accordance with the agreement formed between Pompey, Crassus, and himself. He was now eligible for a second consulship, as ten years had passed since he was consul for the first time.
5. aliquā: cf. aliquā, Bk. I, 3.
contrādictum est: lit. ‘it was opposed’ ＝ ‘opposition was made.’
8. iniūriam: “the ‘injury’ was in depriving him of his military command, and leaving him without the security the consulship would have afforded.” He was willing to disband his army and return to Rome if he could be elected to the consulship in his absence, or if Pompey would disband his army.
ab Arīminō: he had crossed the small stream known as the Rubicon which separated his province from Italy. The story is told that as he crossed the stream he said, ‘The die is cast, let us go where the gods and the injustice of our enemies call us.’
mīlitēs congregātōs habēbat: ‘kept his troops collected.’
Ch. 20.
14. dictātōrem: with the exception of Sulla there had been no dictator since the time of the Second Punic War.
15. exercitūs … superāvit: at first he met with serious reverses at Ilerda, but he soon succeeded in compelling the Pompeians to surrender, and enrolled most of them in his army.