Schneider has given some interesting critical remarks upon this section of Paulus at the end of his edition of Nicander’s ‘Theriacs.’
SECT. XVII.—ON LOVE-SICK PERSONS.
It will not be out of place here to join love to the affections of the brain, since it consists of certain cares. For care is a passion of the soul occasioned by the reason’s being in a state of laborious emotion. The following symptoms attend lovers: Their eyes are hollow, and do not shed tears, but appear as if overflowing with gladness, their eyelids move rapidly; and even, when none of the other parts of the body are affected, these parts are always so affected in lovers. There is no pulse peculiar to lovers, as some have supposed, but it is the same as that of persons labouring under care. When they call to recollection the beloved object, either from seeing or hearing, and more especially if this occur suddenly, then the pulse undergoes a change from the disorder of the soul, and, therefore, it does not preserve its natural equability or order. Such persons, therefore, being desponding and sleepless, some physicians, mistaking their affection, have wasted them by prohibiting baths, and enjoining quietude, and a spare diet; but wiser ones, recognizing the lover, direct his attention to baths, the drinking of wine, gestation, spectacles, and amusing stories. Some must also be attacked with fear; for, while they think of nothing but love, the affection is difficult to remove. Wherefore, they ought also to be roused to emulation with regard to the objects of their peculiar interest in life; and, upon the whole, their understanding should be diverted to other concerns.
Commentary. See Oribasius (Synops. viii, 9); Haly Abbas (Theor. ix, 7, Pract. v, 25); Avicenna (iii, i, 5, 23); Alsaharavius (Pract. i, 2, 17); Rhases (Divis. 11.)
Although Theocritus had declared that neither ointment nor powder is of any efficacy for the cure of love, several of the ancient writers on medicine have given directions for the treatment of desponding lovers.
Rhases, with unusual brevity, merely recommends, in general terms, repeated enjoyment, fasting, walking, and frequent intoxication. Avicenna, Haly Abbas, and Alsaharavius direct nearly the same treatment; and also mention hunting and sports.
SECT. XVIII.—ON APOPLEXY, AND HEMIPLEGIA OR PARALYSIS.
When the common origin of the nerves is affected, and from it all the other parts of the body have lost their motion and sensibility, the affection is called apoplexy, by which the leading energies are impaired; but if the obstruction is in either side, it is called hemiplegia and paralysis; and if the injury is seated in any one part, it is called an affection of that part, and hence Hippocrates says, “His leg was seized with apoplexy.”
Wherefore, in apoplectics, the respiration remains small. When, then, it is greatly perverted from its natural energy, it will induce a strong affection, and when but little, a weak one. Respiration is of the worst kind when it intermits, or is performed with great exertion. The affection arises suddenly from a cold phlegm obstructing the most important cavities of the brain. Whenever the whole origin of the spinal marrow is affected, all the parts below the face become paralysed, whilst it remains unaffected, because the parts there derive sensibility and motion from the brain; but, if one half only be affected, then is there a paraplegia of these parts, that is to say, a partial paralysis. If the sense of smell is affected, this arises from the anterior cavities of the brain having contracted the intemperament, or from the pores of the ethmoid bones being obstructed. Wherefore, apoplectics lie speechless, motionless, and insensible, without fever. The precursors of this affection are sudden and acute pain of the head, distension of the jugular veins, vertigo, flashes, as it were, of light in the eyes, an inordinate coldness of the extremities, palpitation and difficult motion of the whole body, and grinding of the teeth in sleep. Their urine is in small quantity, of a verdigris-green or a black colour, and containing a branny sediment. The affection occurs in old age to those of a phlegmatic temperament, and who use a diet of this nature. If it occur in youth and in the season of summer, it indicates a strong exciting cause.
The cure of apoplexy, and hemiplegia or paralysis. Apoplexy is an affection which is never or but rarely cured, for it threatens instant death; and if it be relieved, it commonly leaves a paralysis of some part of the body. Wherefore, those persons who admit of being cured should be immediately bled, and if there be any remission of the disorder, the operation should be repeated on the same or the following day. The belly should be opened by a stimulating clyster, made by mixing salt water and honey. Then let the whole body be rubbed with plenty of sulphurated oil, but the head with the oil of chamomile, or of dill in which cow-parsnip or calamint has been boiled. Inject honied water, and apply strong-scented things, such as opopanax, sagapene, galbanum, or castor, to the nose. It may be necessary to open the mouth forcibly, and introduce a finger or feather dipped in oil to remove the matters sticking there. Anoint the anus with applications for promoting the discharge of flatus. Give honied water and oxymel to drink, and use masticatories prepared by boiling thyme, or marjoram, in vinegar. When there is a remission of the complaint, we are to have recourse to tender, diffusible, and succulent food. When loss of speech continues, if the strength permit, we are to apply to the back part of the head a cupping-instrument with scarificators, and, if admissible, it should be applied to the hypochondria also. Let them afterwards be carried about in a chair, or couch, or suspended bed, and have recourse frequently to sternutatories and masticatories. After the fourteenth day, we may bring them back to the other kinds of gestation, attend to their speech, give old apomel with pieces of bread or alica, and afterwards a small quantity of hiera. After the twenty-first day, we may lead them to the bath, give them old wine to drink; and otherwise we must promote recovery by sprinkling them with warm water, by baths, and rubbing with unguents. If possible, let them reside in places by the sea-coast.