The Life of John Marshall, Volume 4: The building of the nation, 1815-1835

by Albert J. Beveridge

public opinion, appeal to it, Jefferson as prosecutor, [374], [379-91], [395-97], [401], [406], [411], [413], [414], [416-22], [430-32], [435], [437], [439], [441], [471], [476], [477], [479], [480], [497 n.], [499], [499 n.], [503], [516 n.];
M.'s reflection on Jefferson's conduct, [376];
collection of evidence, time question, [378], [385-90], [415], [417], [418], [425], [473];
Wilkinson's attendance awaited, [383], [393], [415], [416], [429], [431], [432], [440];
supposed overt acts, [386 n.];
money spent by Administration, [391], [423];
Jefferson's violation of faith with Bollmann, [391], [392];
pardons for informers, [392], [393];
Dunbaugh's evidence, [393], [427], [462], [463];
development of Burr support at Richmond, [393], [415], [470], [478], [479];
M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, [394-97];
appearance of court, crowd, [398-400];
M. on difficulty of fair trial, [401];
Jackson's denunciation of Jefferson and Wilkinson, [404], [405], [457];
Burr's conduct and appearance in court, [406], [408], [456], [457], [479], [481], [499], [518];
Burr's counsel, [407], [428];
prosecuting attorneys, [407];
M. and counsel, [408];
selection of grand jury, [408-13], [422];
Burr's demand for equal rights, [413], [414], [418];
instruction of grand jury, [413-15], [442], [451];
Hay's reports to Jefferson, [415], [431];
new motion to commit for treason, [415-29];
Jefferson and publication of evidence, [422], [515];
legal order of proof, [424], [484-87];
conduct of Eaton at Richmond, [429];
Bollmann and pardon, [430], [431], [450-54];
demand for Wilkinson's letter to Jefferson, subpœna duces tecum, [433-47], [450], [454-56], [518-22];
M.'s admonition to counsel, [439];
M.'s statement on prosecution's expectation of conviction, [447-49];
Wilkinson's arrival, conduct and testimony, just escapes indictment, [456], [457], [463], [464];
testimony before grand jury, [458-65];
indictment of Burr and Blennerhassett for treason and misdemeanor, [465], [466];
other indictments, [466 n.];
attacks on Wilkinson, [471-75], [477];
confinement of Burr, [474], [478], [479];
selection of petit jury, [475], [481-83];
M. seeks advice of Justices on treason, [480];
Hay's opening statement, [484];
testimony on Burr's expressions, [487], [488];
on overt act, [488-91];
argument of proof of overt act, [491-504];
unprecedented postponement, [494];
Wirt's famous passage, [497], [616-18];
poison hoax, [499 n.];
irrelevant testimony, [512], [515], [542];
attacks on M., threats of impeachment, Jefferson's Message, [500], [501], [503], [516], [525], [530-35], [540];
judgment of law and fact, [500], [531];
irregular verdict of not guilty, [513], [514];
prosecution's advances to Blennerhassett and others, [514 n.];
nolle prosequi, [515], [524];
reception of verdict in Richmond, [517];
trial for misdemeanor, [522-24];
commitment for trial in Ohio, [524], [527], [528], [531 n.];
Burr's anger at M., [524], [528];
and Daveiss's pamphlet, [525];
Burr on drawn battle, [527];
prosecution dropped, [528];
M. on trial, [530];
Baltimore mob, [535-40];
bibliography, [538 n.];
attempt to amend law of treason, [540];
attempt to expel Senator Smith, Adams's report, [540-44].
Burrill, James, Jr., on bankruptcy frauds, 4, [202].
Burwell, Rebecca, and Jefferson, 1, [149].
Burwell, William A., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 3, [348].
Butchers' Union vs. Crescent City, 4, [279 n.]
Butler, Elizur, arrest by Georgia, 4, [548];
pardoned, [552 n.]
See also Worcester vs. Georgia.
Byrd, William, library, 1, [25].
Cabell, Benjamin W. S., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [500].
Cabell, Joseph, at William and Mary, 1, [159].
Cabell, Joseph C., grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.];
on Swartwout, [465].
Cabell, William, at William and Mary, 1, [159];
in the Legislature, [203];
and Henry-Randolph quarrel, [407 n.]
Cabell, William H., opinion in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, 4, [158-60.]
Cabinet, dissensions in Washington's, 2, [82];
changes in Washington's, his offers to M., [122-25], [147];
disruption of Adams's, [485-88];
M.'s appointment as Secretary of State, [486], [489-91], [493];
Republican comment on Adams's reorganized, [491];
salaries (1800), [539 n.]
Cabot, George, on democratic clubs, 2, [38];
on policy of neutrality, [94 n.];
and M. (1796), [198];
on Gerry, [364], [366];
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [391-93];
on reopening of French negotiations, [424], [426];
on M. in Congress, [432];
on Adams and Hamiltonians, [488];
on M. as Secretary of State, [492];
opposition to Adams, [517 n.];
in defeat, 3, [11];
on Republican success, [11];
political character, [11 n.];
on attack on Judiciary, [98];
on protest on repeal of Judiciary Act, [123 n.];
on Louisiana Purchase, [150];
and secession, [152];
and Hartford Convention, 4, [52];
and Story, [98].
Calder vs. Bull, 3, [612].
Caldwell, Elisha B., Supreme Court sessions in house, 4, [130].
Calhoun, John C., and War of 1812, 4, [29];
Bonus Bill, [417];
Exposition, [538];
and non-intercourse with tariff States, [538 n.]
Call, Daniel, as lawyer, 1, [173];
M.'s neighbor, 2, [171];
counsel in Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devisee, 4, [151].
Callender, James T., on M.'s address (1798), 2, [405];
on M.'s campaign, [409];
later attacks on M., [541 n.], [556], [560 n.];
trial for sedition, 3, [36-41], [189-96], [202-05], [214];
proposed public appropriation for, [38 n.];
popular subscription, [38 n.];
pardoned, [40 n.]
Camillus letters, 2, [120].
Campbell, Alexander, as lawyer, 1, [173];
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 2, [151], [152];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188], [189], [192];
Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devisee, [207];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [501 n.]
Campbell, Archibald, as M.'s instructor, 1, [57];
as Mason, 2, [176].
Campbell, Charles, on frontier (1756), 1, [7 n.]
Campbell, George W., argument in Chase trial, 3, [198];
on Burr conspiracy, [339].
Campbell, William, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [492].
Campo Formio, Treaty of, M. on, 2, [271];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [272], [273].
Canal, Burr's plan for, on Ohio River, 3, [291 n.]
See also Internal Improvements.
Canning, George, letter to Pinkney, 4, [23].
Capital, Federal, deal on assumption and location, 2, [63], [64];
proposed removal to Baltimore, 3, [8].
See also District of Columbia; Washington, D.C.
Capitol, of Virginia (1783), 1, [200];
Federal, in 1801, 3, [1], [2];
religious services there, [7 n.];
quarters for Supreme Court, [121 n.]
Card playing in Virginia, 1, [177 n.]
Carlisle, Pa., Ratification riot, 1, [334].
Carr, Dabney, and Cherokee Indians controversy, 4, [542].
Carrington, Edward, supports Jay Treaty, 2, [121];
and M.'s advice on Cabinet positions, [124-26], [132];
on Virginia and Jay Treaty, [131], [132], [134], [137], [138 n.], [142], [143];
inaccuracy of reports to Washington, [131 n.];
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, [149], [154];
M.'s neighbor, [171];
verdict in Burr trial, 3, [513], [514].
Carrington, Eliza (Ambler), on Arnold's invasion, 1, [144 n.];
on first and later impressions of M., [150-54];
on Richmond in, 1780, [165];
M.'s sympathy, [188];
on prevalence of irreligion, [221];
on attacks on M.'s character, 2, [101], [102];
on Mrs. Marshall's invalidism, [371 n.];
M.'s sister-in-law, 4, [67 n.]
Carrington, Paul, as Judge, 1, [173], 4, [148];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, 1, [359].
Carroll, Charles, opposition to Adams, 2, [517 n.];
on Hamilton's attack on Adams, [528 n.]
Carter, John, and tariff, 4, [384 n.], [536].
Carter, Robert, landed estate, 1, [20 n.];
character, [21 n.];
library, [25].
Cary, Mary, courtship, 1, [150 n.]
Cary, Wilson M., on M.'s ancestry, 1, [15].
Casa Yrujo, Marqués de, and Burr, 3, [289], [296 n.], [300];
on Wilkinson, [320 n.]
Cecil County, Md., and Burr trial, 3, [479 n.]
Centinel letters in opposition to Federal Constitution, 1, [335-37];
probable authors, [335 n.]
Centralization. See Nationalism.
Chancery. See Equity.
Chandler, John, case, 3, [130 n.]
Channing, Edward, on Washington, 1, [121];
on origin of Kentucky Resolutions, 2, [398 n.];
on attacks on neutral trade, 4, [7 n.];
on purpose of Orders in Council, [12 n.];
on Minister Jackson, [23 n.];
on causes of War of 1812, [29 n.]
Chapman, H., on opposition to Ratification, 1, [338].
Chapman, Nathaniel, on death of M., 4, [588].
Charleston, S.C., Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [35].
Charters. See Dartmouth College vs. Woodward.
Chase, Samuel, and Adams, 2, [495 n.];
and common-law jurisdiction, 3, [28 n.];
conduct in sedition trials, [33], [36], [41];
Fries trial, [35];
on the stump, [47];
on declaring acts void, [117], [612];
House impeaches, [169];
anti-Republican charge to grand jury, [169], [170];
arousing of public opinion against, [171];
articles of impeachment, [171], [172];
despair of Federalists, [173];
effect of Yazoo frauds on trial, [174];
opening of trial, [175];
arrangement of Senate, [179], [180];
Burr as presiding officer, efforts of Administration to win him, [180-83];
seat for Chase, [183];
appearance, [184];
career, [184 n., 185 n.];
counsel, [185];
Randolph's opening speech, [187-89];
testimony, [189-92];
M. as witness, [192-96];
Giles-Randolph conferences, [197];
argument of Manager Early, [197];
of Manager Campbell, [198];
of Hopkinson, [198-200];
indictable or political offense, [199], [200], [202], [207-13];
arguments of Key and Lee, [201];
of Martin, [201-06];
trial as precedent, [201];
trial as political affair, [206];
argument of Manager Nicholson, [207-10];
of Manager Rodney, [210-12];
and Chief Justiceship, [211 n.];
argument of Manager Randolph, [212];
Randolph's praise of M., [214-16];
trial and secession, [217];
vote and acquittal, [217-20];
trial as crisis, [220];
effect on Republicans, [220-22];
on M., [222];
Chase and Swartwout and Bollmann case, [349 n.];
and Fletcher vs. Peck, [585 n.];
death, 4, [60].
Chastellux, Marquis de, on William and Mary, 1, [156 n.];
on hardships of travel, [262];
on drinking, 2, [102 n.]
Chatham, Earl of, fate of Charleston statue, 2, [35].
Checks and balances of Federal Constitution, Ratification debate on, 1, [389], [417];
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, 3, [60], [61], [65].
See also Division of powers; Government; Separation of powers; Union.
Cherokee Indians, power, 3, [553];
origin of Georgia contest, 4, [539], [540];
Jackson's attitude, [540], [541], [547], [548], [551];
first appeal to Supreme Court, [541];
popular interest and political involution, [541], [548];
and removal, [541];
monograph on contest, [541 n.];
Tassels incident, Georgia's defiance of Supreme Court, [542-44];
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, Georgia ignores, [544];
M.'s opinion, Cherokees not a foreign nation, [544-46];
M.'s rebuke of Jackson, [546];
dissent from opinion, [546 n.];
origin of Worcester vs. Georgia, arrest of missionaries, [547], [548];
Georgia refuses to appear before Court, [548];
counsel, [549];
M.'s opinion, no State control over Indians, [549-51];
mandate of Court ignored, [551];
final defiance of Court, Graves case, [552 n.];
removal of Indians, [552 n.]
Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia. See Cherokee Indians.
Chesapeake-Leopard affair, Jefferson and, 3, [475-77], 4, [9].
Chester, Elisha W., counsel in Worcester vs. Georgia, 4, [549].
Cheves, Langdon, and War of 1812, 4, [29].
Children, M.'s fondness for, 4, [63].
Chisholm vs. Georgia, 2, [83 n.], 3, [554 n.]
Choate, Rufus, on Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [101];
on Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, 4, [248].
Choctaw Indians, power, 3, [553].
Christie, Gabriel, and slavery, 2, [450].
Church ——, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [254].
Cincinnati, first steamboat, 4, [403 n.]
Cincinnati, Order of the, popular prejudice against, 1, [292-94].
Cipher, necessity of use, 1, [266 n.]
Circuit Courts, Supreme Court Justices in, 3, [55], [56];
rights of original jurisdiction, 4, [386].
See also Judiciary; Judiciary Act of 1801.
Circuit riders, work, 4, [189 n.]
Citizenship, Virginia bill (1783), 1, [208].
See also Naturalization.
Civil rights, lack, 3, [13 n.]
See also Bill of Rights.
Civil service, M. and office-seekers, 2, [494];
Adams and partisan appointments, 3, [81];
Jefferson's use of patronage, [81 n.], [208].
See also Religious tests.
Claiborne, William C. C., and election of Jefferson, reward, 3, [81 n.];
and Wilkinson and Burr conspiracy, [326], [331], [363], [366];
and Livingston, 4, [102];
and steamboat monopoly, [414].
Clark, Daniel, and Burr, 3, [294], [295];
and disunion rumors, [296].
Clark, Eugene F., acknowledgment to, 4, [233 n.]
Clark, George Rogers, surveyor, 1, [210 n.];
Indiana Canal Company, 3, [291 n.]
Classes, in colonial Virginia, 1, [25-28];
after the Revolution, [277], [278].
Clay, Charles, in Virginia Ratification Convention, 1, [472].
Clay, Henry, duelist, 3, [278 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [296], [318], [319 n.];
on Daveiss and Burr, [317 n.];
as exponent of Nationalism, 4, [28], [29];
as practitioner before M., [95], [135];
and Green vs. Biddle, [376];
counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, [385];
in debate on Supreme Court, [395];
Kremer's attack, [462 n.];
Randolph duel, [463 n.];
and report on M. and election of 1828, [464];
and American Colonization Society, [474];
and recharter of Bank of the United States, [530];
Compromise Tariff, [574].
Clayton, Philip, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547], [548].
Clayton, Samuel, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [501 n.]
Clermont, Fulton's steamboat, 4, [401 n.]
Clinton, De Witt, presidential candidacy (1812), 4, [47].
Clinton, George, letter for second Federal convention, 1, [379-81], [477], 2, [49], [57 n.];
elected Vice-President, 3, [197];
defeats recharter of Bank of the United States, 4, [176].
Clopton, John, deserts Congress (1798), 2, [340 n.];
candidacy (1798), [414].
Clothing. See Dress.
Cobbett, William, on American enthusiasm over French Revolution, 2, [5 n.];
as conservative editor, [30 n.]
Cockade, black, 2, [343].
Cocke, William, on Judiciary Act of 1801, 3, [57 n.];
at Chase trial, [194].
Cohens vs. Virginia, conditions causing opinion, its purpose, 4, [342-44], [353];
facts, [344], [345];
as moot case, [343];
counsel, argument, [346];
M.'s opinion on appellate power, [347-57];
statement of State Rights position, [347];
supremacy of National Government, [347-49];
Federal Judiciary as essential agency in this supremacy, [349-52];
resistance of disunion, [352], [353];
State as party, Eleventh Amendment, [354-56];
hearing on merits, [357];
Roane's attack on, [358], [359];
rebuke of concurring Republican Justices, [358], [359];
M. on attacks, [359-62];
other Virginia attacks, [361 n.];
Jefferson's attack on principles, M. on it, [362-66], [368-70];
attack as one on Union, [365];
Taylor's attack on principles, [366-68].
Coleman, vs. Dick and Pat, 2, [180 n.]
Colhoun, John E., and repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [62 n.], [72 n.]
College charters as contracts. See Dartmouth College vs. Woodward.
Collins, Josiah, Granville heirs case, 4, [154].
Collins, Minton, on economic division on Ratification, 1, [313];
on opposition to Ratification, [322].
Colston, Rawleigh, purchase of Fairfax estate, 2, [203 n.], [204], 4, [149], [150 n.];
M.'s debt, 3, [224].
Columbian Centinel, on Republicans (1799), 3, [43];
on Judiciary debate (1802), [65 n.], [72 n.], [99].
Commerce, effects of lack of transportation, 1, [262];
Madison on need of uniform regulation, [312];
Jefferson's dislike, [316];
Federal powers in Ratification debate, [427], [477];
foreign, and South Carolina negro seamen act, Elkison case, 4, [382], [383];
power to regulate, and internal improvements, [417];
power over navigation, Brig Wilson vs. United States, [428], [429];
doctrine of common carrier and transportation of slaves, [478].
See also Bankruptcy; Brown vs. Maryland; Communication; Economic conditions; Gibbons vs. Ogden; Internal improvements; Navigation acts; Neutral trade, New York vs. Miln; Slave trade; Tariff.
Common carrier, doctrine, and transportation of slaves, 4, [478].
Common law, Federal jurisdiction, 2, [549 n.], 3, [23-29], [30 n.], [78], [84], [89].
Commonwealth vs. Caton, 3, [611].
Communication, roads of colonial Virginia, 1, [36 n.];

at period of Confederation and later, hardships of travel, [250], [255-64], 3, [5 n.], [55 n.];
lack as index of political conditions, 1, [251], [255];
sparseness of population, [264];
mails, [264-67];
character of newspapers, [267-70];
conditions breed demagogism, [290-92];
local isolation, 4, [191].
See also Commerce.
Commutable Act of Virginia, 1, [207].
Concurrent jurisdiction of Federal and State courts, 1, [452].
See also Appellate jurisdiction.
Concurrent powers, M.'s exposition in Ratification debate, 1, [436];
and State bankruptcy laws, 4, [208-12];
commercial, [409].
Confederation, Washington on State antagonism, 1, [206 n.];
effect of British-debts controversy, [228], [228 n.];
financial powerlessness, [232], [295-97], [304], [387], [388], [415-17];
effort for power to levy impost, [233];
debt problem, [233-35], [254];
proposed power to pass navigation acts, [234], [235];
social conditions during, [250-87];
popular spirit, [253], [254];
opportunity for demagogism, [288-92], [297], [309];
Shays's Rebellion, [298-304];
impotence of Congress, [305];
prosperity during, [306];
responsibility of masses for failure, [307];
responsibility of States for failure, [308-10];
antagonistic State tariff acts, [310], [311];
economic basis of failure, [310-13];
Jefferson on, [315];
Randolph on, [377];
Henry's defense, [388], [389], [399];
M.'s biography of Washington on, 3, [259-61].
Congress, Ratification debate on character, 1, [344], [416], [419], [422], [423];
M. on discretionary powers (1788), [454];
First: titles, 2, [36];
election in Virginia, [49], [50];
amendments, [58], [59];
funding, assumption, and National Capital, [59-64];
Judiciary, 3, [53-56];
Third: Yazoo lands, [560], [569], [570];
Fourth: Jay Treaty, 3, [148], [155];
Yazoo lands, 3, [570];
Fifth: Adams's address on French depredations, 2, [225], [226];
X. Y. Z. dispatches, [336], [338], [339];
war preparations, [355];
Alien and Sedition Acts, [381];
Georgia's Western claims, 3, [573];
Sixth: M.'s campaign for, 2, [374-80], [401], [409-16];
M.'s importance to Federalists, [432], [436], [437];
Adams's address at first session, [433];
reply of House, [433-36];
and presidential campaign, [438];
and death of Washington, [440-45];
M.'s activity, [445];
cession of Western Reserve, [446];
powers of territorial Governor, [446];
insult to Randolph, [446];
Marine Corps, [446-48];
land grants for veterans, [448];
and slavery, [449];
Sedition Law, [451];
M.'s independence, [451], [452];
Disputed Election Bill, [452-58];
Jonathan Robins case, [460-75];
reduction of army, [476-81];
Bankruptcy Bill, [481], [482];
results of first session, [482];
French treaty, [525];
M. and Adams's address at second session, [530], [531];
Jefferson-Burr contest, [532-47];
Judiciary Bill, [548-52], 3, [53], [56];
reduction of navy, [458 n.];
Georgia cession, [574];
Seventh: Judiciary in Jefferson's Message, [51-53];
repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, [58-92];
Supreme Court, [94-97];
Eighth: impeachment of Pickering, [164-68];
Chase impeachment, [169-222];
electoral vote counting, [197];
Burr's farewell address, [274];
Yazoo claims, [575-82];
Ninth: Jefferson's Annual Message on Burr conspiracy, [337];
demand for information and Special Message, [339];
payment of Eaton's claim, [345 n.];
attempt to suspend habeas corpus, [346-48];
Burr conspiracy debate, [357-60];
non-importation, 4, [9];
Tenth: Chesapeake-Leopard affair, 3, [477];
attempt to amend law of treason, [540];
attempt to expel Senator Smith, [540-44];
Embargo, 4, [11], [13], [14], [22];
Force Act, [16];
non-intercourse, [22];
Eleventh: Yazoo claims, 3, [595-97];
Jackson resolution, 4, [24];
Louisiana, [27];
bank, [173-76];
Twelfth: Yazoo claims, 3, [597-600];
war, 4, [29];
Thirteenth: Yazoo claims, 3, [600];
St. Cloud Decree resolution, 4, [48];
bank, [179];
Fourteenth: bank, [180];
salaries, [231 n.];
Bonus Bill, [417];
Fifteenth: bank, [196 n.], [288], [289];
internal improvements, [418];
Sixteenth: bankruptcy, [201], [302];
Missouri, [340-42];
Seventeenth: Judiciary, [371-79];
Eighteenth: Judiciary, [379], [380], [394], [450], [451];
internal improvements, [418-21];
presidential election, [462 n.];
tariff, [536];
Nineteenth: Supreme Court, [451-53];
Twentieth: tariff, [537];
Twenty-first: Supreme Court, [514-17];
Cherokee Indians, [541];
Hayne-Webster debate, [552-55];
Twenty-second: Judiciary, [517 n.];
recharter of Bank, [529-33];
river and harbor improvement, [534];
tariff, [559], [567], [574].
Conkling, Roscoe, resemblance to Pinkney, 4, [133 n.]
Connecticut, Ratification, 1, [325];
cession of Western Reserve, 2, [446], 3, [578];
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, [105 n.];
and Embargo, 4, [17];
and War of 1812, [48 n.];
and Livingston steamboat monopoly, [404].
Connecticut Reserve, cession, 2, [446];
Granger's connection, 3, [578].
Conrad and McMunn's boarding-house, 3, [7].
Conscription, for War of 1812, 4, [51].
Conservatism, growth, 1, [252], [253];
M.'s extreme, 3, [109], [265], 4, [4], [55], [93], [479-83], [488].
See also Democracy; Nationalism; People.
Consolidation. See Nationalism.
Constitution, question of amending Virginia's (1784), 1, [216];
attack on Virginia's (1789), 2, [56 n.];
Massachusetts Convention (1820), 4, [471].
See also Federal Constitution; Virginia Constitutional Convention.
Continental Congress, denunciation by army officers, 1, [90];
flight, [102];
and intrigue against Washington, [122], [123];
decline, [124];
Washington's plea for abler men and harmony, [124-26], [131].
See also Confederation.
Contraband, in Jay Treaty and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [306];
M. on British unwarranted increase of list, [509-11].
Contracts, obligation of, M.'s first connection with legislative franchise, 1, [218];
and with ideas of contract, [223], [224];
in debate on Ratification, [428];
M. on, as political factor under Confederation, 3, [259-61];
M. on (1806), and new National Government, [263];
importance of M.'s expositions, [556], [593-95], 4, [213], [219], [276-81];
legal-tender violation, 3, [557];
origin of clause in Federal Constitution, [557 n., 558 n.];
effect of constitutional clause on public mind, [558];
and repeal of Yazoo land act, [562], [563], [586];
discussions of repeal, [571], [572];
congressional debate on Yazoo claims, [575], [579], [580];
M.'s interest in stability, [582];
M.'s opinion in Fletcher vs. Peck, repeal of Yazoo act as impairment, [586-91];
and corrupt legislation, [587];
involved in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, 4, [209], [212];
meaning in Constitution, [213];
contract of future acquisitions and insolvency laws, [214];
not limited to paper money obligations, [214];
not necessary to enumerate particular subjects, [215];
humanitarian limitations, [215], [216];
broad field without historical limitations, [216-18], [269], [271];
New Jersey vs. Wilson, exemption of lands from taxation, [221-23];
Dartmouth College case, right to change charter of public institution, [230 n.], [235], [243];
limitation to private rights, [234], [263];
colleges as eleemosynary not civil corporations, [241-44], [247], [263], [264];
Terrett vs. Taylor, private rights under grants to towns, [243 n.], [246];
precedents in Dartmouth College case, [245-47];
college charters as contracts, [262];
purpose of college does not make it public institution, [264];
nor does act of incorporation, [265-68];
rights of non-profiting trustees, [268], [269];
and public policy, [270-72];
as element in strife of political theories, [370];
and Kentucky occupying claimant law, [375-77], [380-82];
Ogden vs. Saunders, future, not violated by insolvency laws, [480];
M.'s dissent, [481].
Conway Cabal, 1, [121-23].
Cook, Daniel P., on Missouri question, 4, [342].
Cooke, ——, tavern at Raleigh, 4, [65].
Cooke, John R., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [502 n.]
Cooper, Thomas, sedition trial, 3, [33], [34], [86].
Cooper, William, on Jefferson-Burr contest, 2, [546 n.]
Cooper vs. Telfair, 3, [612].
Corbin, Francis, and calling of Virginia Ratification Convention, 1, [245];
in Ratification Convention; characterized, [396];
in the debate, [396], [435];
on detailed debate, [432];
on badges of aristocracy, 2, [78].
Cornwallis, Earl of, Brandywine, 1, [95].
Corporations, M.'s definition, 4, [265];
M.'s opposition to State regulation, [479];
presumptive authorization of agency, M.'s dissent, [482], [483].
See also Contracts.
Correspondence, M.'s negligence, 1, [183 n.], 4, [203 n.]
Cotton, effect of invention of gin, 3, [555].
Council of State of Virginia, M.'s election to, 1, [209];
as a political machine, [210], [217 n.];
M. forced out, [211], [212].
Counterfeiting, of paper money, 1, [297], 4, [195].
County court system of Virginia, political machine, 4, [146], [147], [485-88];
debate in Constitutional Convention on (1830), [491-93].
Court days, as social event, 1, [284].
See also Judiciary.
Court martial, M. on jurisdiction, 2, [447], [448].
Coxe, Tench, on British depredations on neutral trade, 2, [506 n.]
Craig, Hiram. See Craig vs. Missouri.
Craig vs. Missouri, facts, State loan certificates, 4, [509];
M.'s opinion, certificates as bills of credit, [510-12];
his reply to threat of disunion, [512];
dissenting opinions, [513];
and renewal of attack on Supreme Court, [514-17];
repudiated, [584 n.]
Cranch, William, and trial of Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [344], [346].
Crawford, Thomas H., and attack on Supreme Court, 4, [515].
Crawford, William H., and Yazoo frauds, 3, [552];
and recharter of first Bank of the United States, 4, [174], [175];
and Treasury portfolio (1825), [462 n.];
and American Colonization Society, [474].
Creek Indians, power, 3, [553].
Crèvecœur, Hector St. John de, on frontier farmers, 1, [30 n.]
Crime, M. on jurisdiction over cases on high seas, 2, [465-67];
Federal punishment of common-law offenses, 3, [23-29].
See also Alien and Sedition Acts; Extradition.
Crisis of 1819, banking and speculation, 4, [176-85];
bank suits to recover loans, [185], [198];
popular demand for more money, [186];
character of State bank notes, [191-96];
early mismanagement of second Bank of the United States, [196];
its reforms and demands on State banks force crisis, [197-99];
popular hostility to it, [198], [199], [206];
lax bankrupt laws and frauds, [200-03];
influence on M., [205];
distress and demagoguery, [206];
movement to destroy Bank of United States through State taxation, [206-08];
M.'s decisions as remedies, [208], [220].
See also Dartmouth College vs. Woodward; M'Culloch vs. Maryland; Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Crissy, James, publishes biography of Washington, 3, [273 n.]
Crouch, Richard, on M., 4, [67 n.]
Crowninshield, Richard. See Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Culpeper County, Va., minute men, 1, [69].
Curtius letters on M.'s candidacy (1798), 2, [395], [396];
recalled, 3, [534].
Cushing, William, and Chief Justiceship, 3, [121 n.];
Fletcher vs. Peck, [584], [585 n.];
death, 4, [60], [106].
Cushman, Joshua, on expansion, 4, [342 n.]
Cutler, Manasseh, on Chase trial, 3, [183 n.], [212 n.], [217 n.], [221].
Daggett, David, counsel in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, 4, [209];
on Holmes in Dartmouth College case, [253 n.]
Dallas, Alexander J., in Fries trial, 3, [36];
and Burr, [68 n.];
counsel in Nereid case, 4, [131].
Dana, Edmund P., testimony in Burr trial, 3, [491].
Dana, Francis, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [227];
sedition trial, 3, [44-46];
on declaring acts void, [117].
Dana, Samuel W., Jonathan Robins case, 2, [472], [475];
in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [90], [91];
on Chandler case, [130 n.];
and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, [305 n.]
Dandridge, Julius B., case, 4, [482].
Daniel, Henry, attack on Supreme Court, 4, [515].
Daniel, William, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Dartmouth, Earl of, and Dartmouth College, 4, [224].
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward, origin of college, charter, 4, [223-26];
troubles, [226-29];
political involution, [229];
State reorganization and annulment of charter, [230], [231];
rival administrations, [231-33];
Story's relationship, [232], [243 n.], [251], [252], [257], [259 n.], [274], [275];
counsel, [233], [234], [237-40], [259];
case, [233];
story of recruiting Indian students, [233 n.];
State trial and decision, [234-36];
appeal to Supreme Court, lack of public interest there, [236];
argument, [240-55];
effort to place case on broader basis, [244], [251], [252];
Webster's tribute to Dartmouth, [248-50];
continued, [255];
influences on Justices, Kent, [255-58], [258 n., 259 n.];
fees and portraits, [255 n.];
value of Shirley's book on, [258 n., 259 n.];
Pinkney's attempt to reopen, frustrated by M., [259-61], [274];
M.'s opinion, [261-73];
judgment nunc pro tunc, [273];
later public attention, [275];
far-reaching consequences, modern attitude, [276-81];
recent discussions, [280 n.]
See also Contracts.
Daveiss, Joseph Hamilton, Federal appointment, 2, [560 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, 3, [315-19];
middle name, [317 n.];
pamphlet, [525].
Davis, ——, on "Hail, Columbia!" 2, [343 n.]
Davis, David, on Dartmouth College case, 4, [280].
Davis, John, and M.'s candidacy for President, 4, [33];
identity, [34 n.]
Davis, Judge John, United States vs. Palmer, 4, [126].
Davis, Sussex D., anecdote of M., 4, [83 n.]
Davis, Thomas T., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [74].
Davis, William R., on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
Granville heirs case, 4, [154];
report on Supreme Court, [515].
Dawson, Henry B., on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, 1, [354 n.]
Dawson, John, in Virginia Ratification Convention, 1, [470].
Dawson's Lessee vs. Godfrey, 4, [54 n.]
Dayson, Aquella, sells land to M., 1, [196].
Dayson, Lucy, sells land to M., 1, [196].
Dayton, Jonathan, support of Adams (1800), 2, [518];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [67];
and Pickering impeachment, [167], [168 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [290], [291], [300], [308];
career, [290 n.];
Indiana Canal Company, [291 n.];
nolle prosequi, [515];
security for Burr, [517].
Deane, Silas, and Beaumarchais, 2, [292 n.]
Dearborn, Henry, and Ogden-Smith trial, 3, [436 n.]
Debating at William and Mary, 1, [158].
Debts, spirit of repudiation of private, 1, [294], [298];
imprisonment for, 3, [13 n.], [15 n.], 4, [215], [216];
and hostility to lawyers, 3, [23 n.];
M. on political factor under Confederation, [259-61].
See also British debts; Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Finances; Public debts.
Decatur, Stephen, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [302], [303];
at trial of Burr, testimony, [452], [458], [488 n.];
career and grievance, [458 n.]
Declaration of Independence, anticipated, 3, [118];
M.'s biography of Washington on, [244].
Declaring acts void, Henry on, 1, [429];
M. on, in Ratification debate, [452], [453], 2, [18];
Jefferson's suppressed paragraph on (1801), 3, [52];
congressional debate on judicial right (1802), [60], [62], [64], [67-71], [73], [74], [82], [85], [87], [91];
M.'s preparation for assertion of power, [104], [109];
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and State Rights doctrine, [105-08];
effect of this, [108];
necessity of decision on power, [109], [131];
problem of vehicle for assertion, [111], [121-24];
dangers involved in M.'s course, [111-14];
question in Federal Convention, [114-16];
importance of Marbury vs. Madison, unique opportunity, [116], [118], [127], [131], [142];
no new argument in it, M.'s knowledge of previous opinions, [116-20], [611-13];
condition of Supreme Court as obstacle to M.'s determination, [120];
dilemma of Marbury vs. Madison as vehicle, solution, [126-33];
opinion on power in Marbury vs. Madison, [138-42];
effect of decision on attacks on Judiciary, [143], [153], [155];
Jefferson and opinion, [143], [144], [153];
lack of public notice of opinion, [153-55];

M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial opinions, [177], [178];
bibliography, [613];
M.'s avoidance in Federal laws, 4, [117], [118];
his caution in State laws, [261];
Supreme Court action on State laws, [373], [377];
proposed measures to restrict it, [378-80].
See also Judiciary; and, respecting State laws, Appellate jurisdiction; Contracts; Eleventh Amendment, and the following cases: Brown vs. Maryland; Cohens vs. Virginia; Craig vs. Missouri; Dartmouth College vs. Woodward; Fletcher vs. Peck; Gibbons vs. Ogden; Green vs. Biddle; M'Culloch vs. Maryland; Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee; New Jersey vs. Wilson; Osgood vs. Bank; Sturges vs. Crowninshield; Terrett vs. Taylor; Worcester vs. Georgia.
Dedham, Mass., denounces lawyers, 3, [23 n.]
Delaware, Ratification, 1, [325].
Delaware Indians, New Jersey land case, 4, [221-23].
Demagogism, opportunity and tales under Confederation, 1, [290-92], [297], [309];
J. Q. Adams on opportunity, 2, [17];
and crisis of, 1819, 4, [206].
See also Government.
Democracy, growth of belief in restriction, 1, [252], [253], [300-02], [308];
union with State Rights, 3, [48];
M.'s extreme lack of faith in, [109], [265], 4, [4], [55], [93], [479-83], [488];
chaotic condition after War of 1812, 4, [170].
See also Government; People; Social conditions.
Democratic Party, as term of contempt, 2, [439 n.], 3, [234 n.]
See also Republican Party.
Democratic societies, development, 2, [38];
opposition and support, [38-41];
decline, [41];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [88];
and Jay's negotiations, [113].
Denmark, and Barbary Powers, 2, [499].
Dennison, ——, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547].
De Pestre, Colonel, attempt to seduce, 3, [515 n.]
Despotism, demagogic fear, 1, [291];
feared under Federal Constitution, [333];
in Ratification debate, [352], [398], [400], [404], [406], [409-11], [417], [427], [428].
Dexter, Samuel, and M. (1796), 2, [198];
Secretary of War, [485], [493], [494];
Aurora on, [492];
seals M.'s commission, [557];
and M.'s logic, 4, [85];
as practitioner before M., [95];
counsel in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [161];
as court orator, [133].
Dickinson, John, in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 3, [115 n.]
Dickinson, Philemon, and intrigue against Adams, 2, [529 n.]
Diligente, Amelia case, 3, [16].
Dinners, as form of social life in Richmond, 3, [394];
of Quoit Club, 4, [77];
M.'s lawyer, [78], [79].
Direct tax, Fries's Insurrection and pardon, 2, [429-31], [435], 3, [34-36].
See also Taxation.
Directory, M. declines mission to, 2, [144-46];
18th Fructidor, [230], [245 n., 246 n.];
M. on it, [232], [236-44];
M.'s analysis of economic conditions, [267-70];
English negotiations (1797), [295];
preparations against England (1798), [321], [322];
need of funds, [322], [323].
See also Franco-American War; French Revolution; X. Y. Z. Mission.
Discipline, in Revolutionary army, 1, [87], [120].
Disestablishment, Virginia controversy, 1, [221], [222];
in New Hampshire, 4, [227], [230 n.]
Disputed Elections Bill (1800), 2, [452-58].
District-attorneys, United States, plan to remove Federalist, 3, [21].
District of Columbia, popular fear of, 1, [291], [438], [439], [456], [477].
See also Capital; Washington, D.C.
Divina Pastora case, 4, [128].
Division of powers, arguments on, during Ratification, 1, [320], [334], [375], [382], [388], [405], [438];
supremacy of National powers, 4, [293], [302-08], [347-49], [438].
See also Nationalism.
Divorce, by legislation, 2, [55 n.]
Doddridge, Philip, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [502 n.];
on attack on Supreme Court, [515].
Domicil in enemy country, enemy character of property, 4, [128], [129].
Dorchester, Lord, Indian speech, 2, [111].
Drake, James, and sedition trial, 3, [32].
Dred Scott case, and declaring Federal acts void, 3, [132 n.]
Dress, frontier, 1, [40];
of Virginia legislators, [59], [200];
contrast of elegance and squalor, [280];
of early National period, 3, [396], [397].
Drinking, in colonial and later Virginia, 1, [23];
rules of William and Mary College on, [156 n.];
extent (c. 1800), [186 n.], [281-83], 2, [102 n.], 3, [400], [501 n.];
M.'s wine bills, 1, [186];
distilleries, 2, [86 n.];
at Washington, 3, [9];
frontier, 4, [189 n.]
Duane, William, prosecution by Senate, 2, [454 n.];
trial for sedition, 3, [46 n.];
advances to Blennerhassett, [514].
See also Aurora.
Duché, Jacob, beseeches Washington to apostatize, 1, [105].
Duckett, Allen B., and Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [346].
Dueling, prevalence, 3, [278 n.]
Dunbar, Thomas, in Braddock's defeat, 1, [5].
Dunbaugh, Jacob, and trial of Burr, evidence, 3, [393], [459], [462], [463];
credibility destroyed, [523].
Dunmore, Lord, Norfolk raid, 1, [74-79].
Dutrimond, ——, and X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [326].
Duval, Gabriel, appointed Justice, 4, [60];
and Dartmouth College case, [255];
dissent in Ogden vs. Saunders, [482 n.];
resigns, [582], [584];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583].
Dwight, Theodore, on Republican rule (1801), 3, [12].
Early, Peter, argument in Chase trial, 3, [197].
Eaton, John H., on Supreme Court, 4, [451].
Eaton, William, on Jefferson, 3, [149 n.];
antagonism to Jefferson, [302];
career in Africa, [302 n., 303 n.];
conference with Burr, report of it, [303-05], [307];
affidavit on Burr's statement, [345], [352];
claim paid, [345 n.];
at trial of Burr, testimony, [429], [452], [459], [487];
loses public esteem, [523].
Economic conditions, influence on Federal Convention and Ratification, 1, [241], [242], [310], [312], [429 n.], [441 n.];
prosperity during Confederation, [306];
influence on attitude towards French Revolution, 2, [42];
and first parties, [75], [96 n.], [125 n.]
See also Banking; Commerce; Contracts; Crisis of 1819; Land; Prices; Social conditions.
Edinburgh Review, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [271];
on United States (1820), 4, [190 n.]
Education, of colonial Virginia women, 1, [18 n.], [24 n.];
in colonial Virginia, [24];
M.'s, [42], [53], [57];
condition under Confederation, [271-73];
M. on general, 4, [472].
See also Dartmouth College vs. Woodward; Social conditions.
Eggleston, Joseph, grand juror on Burr, 3, [412].
Egotism, as National characteristic, 3, [13].
Eighteenth Fructidor coup d'état, 2, [230], [245 n., 246 n.];
M. on, [232], [236-44];
Pinckney and, [246 n.]
Elections, Federal, in Virginia (1789), 2, [49], [50];
(1794), [106];
State, in Virginia (1795), [129-30];
Henry and presidential candidacy (1796), [156-58];
M.'s campaign for Congress (1798), [374-80], [401], [409-16];
issues in 1798, [410];
methods and scenes in Virginia, [413].
1800:
Federalist dissensions, Hamiltonian plots, 2, [438], [488], [515-18], [521], [526];
issues, [439], [520];
influence of campaign on Congress, [438];
Federalist bill to control, M.'s defeat of it, [452-58];
effect of defeat of bill, [456];
effect of Federalist dissensions, [488];
Adams's attack on Hamiltonians, [518], [525];
Adams's advances to Jefferson, [519];
Republican ascendancy, [519], [521];
and new French negotiations, [522], [524];
M.'s efforts for Federalist harmony, [526];
Hamilton's attack on Adams, [527-29];
campaign virulence, [529];
size of Republican success, [531];
Federalist press on result, [532 n.];
Jefferson-Burr contest in Congress, [532-47];
Jefferson's fear of Federalist intentions, [533];
reasons for Federalist support of Burr, [534-36];
Burr and Republican success, [535 n.];
M.'s neutrality, [536-38];
his personal interest in contest, [538], [539];
influence of his neutrality, [539];
Burr's refusal to favor Federalist plan, [539 n.];
Washington Federalist's contrast of Jefferson and Burr, [541 n.];
question of deadlock and appointment of a Federalist, [541-43];
Jefferson's threat of armed resistance, [543];
Federalists ignore threat, [544], [545 n.];
effect of Burr's attitude and Jefferson's promises, [545-47], 3, [18];
election of Jefferson, 2, [547];
rewards to Republican workers, 3, [81 n.]
1804:
Campaign and attacks on Judiciary, 3, [184].
1812:
M.'s candidacy, 4, [31-34];
Clinton as candidate, [47];
possible victory if M. had been nominated, [47].
1828:
M. and, [462-65].
1832:
Bank as issue, [532 n.], [533];
M.'s attitude, [534].
Electoral vote, counting in open session, 3, [197].
Eleventh Amendment, origin, 2, [84 n.], 3, [554];
purpose and limitation, 4, [354];
and suits against State officers, [385], [387-91].
Elkison, Henry, case, 4, [382].
Elliot, James, on Wilkinson's conduct, 3, [358].
Elliot, Jonathan, inaccuracy of Debates, 1, [388 n.]
Ellsworth, Oliver, and presidential candidacy (1800), 2, [438];
on Sedition Law, [451];
resigns Chief Justiceship, [552];
and common-law jurisdiction on expatriation, 3, [27], 4, [53];
and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [53], [128];
on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Ellsworth, William W., and attack on Supreme Court, 4, [515].
Emancipation, as involved in Nationalist development, 4, [370], [420], [536].
Embargo Act, 4, [11];
effect, opposition, [12-16];
M.'s opinion, [14], [118];
Force Act, [16];
repeal, [22].
See also Neutral trade.
Emmet, Thomas A., as practitioner before M., 4, [95], [135 n.];
counsel in Nereid case, [131];
appearance, [133];
counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [424], [427].
Eppes, John W., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 3, [348];
and amendment on Judiciary, 4, [378 n.]
Eppes, Tabby, M.'s gossip on, 1, [182].
Equality, demand for division of property, 1, [294], [298];
lack of social (1803), 3, [13].
Equity, M. and Virginia act on proceedings (1787), 1, [218-20].
See also Judiciary.
Erskine, David M., non-intercourse controversy, 4, [22].
Everett, Edward, and Madison's views on Nullification, 4, [556].
Exchange case, 4, [121-25].
Excise, unpopularity of Federal, 2, [86];
New England and, [86 n.]
See also Taxation; Whiskey Insurrection.
Exclusive powers, and State bankruptcy laws, 4, [208-12].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Expatriation, Ellsworth's denial of right, 3, [27];
and impressment, [27 n.]
See also Impressment.
Exterritoriality of foreign man-of-war, 4, [122-25].
Extradition, foreign, Virginia act (1784), 1, [235-41];
Jonathan Robins case, 2, [458-75].
"Faction," as a term of political reproach, 2, [410 n.]
Fairfax, Baron, career and character, 1, [47-50];
influence on Washington and M.'s father, [50].
See also Fairfax estate.
Fairfax, Denny M., M.'s debt, 3, [223];
and Hunter's grant, 4, [147];
sale of land to M.'s brother, [150 n.]
Fairfax estate, M.'s argument on right, 1, [191-96];
M.'s purchase and title, [196], 2, [100], [101], [203-11], [371], [373], 3, [582];
in Reconstruction debate, 1, [447-49], [458];
Jay Treaty and, 2, [129];
controversy over title, Virginia Legislature and compromise, [206], [209], 4, [148-50];
and Judiciary Bill (1801), 2, [551];
M.'s children at, 4, [74];
M.'s life at, [74].
See also Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Fairfax's Devisee vs. Hunter's Lessee. See Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Falls of the Ohio, Burr's plan to canalize, 3, [291 n.]
Farmicola, ——, tavern in Richmond, 1, [172].
Farrar, Timothy, Report of Dartmouth College case, 4, [250 n.]
Fauchet, Jean A. J., and Randolph, 2, [146].
Fauquier County, Va., minute men, 1, [69].
Faux, William, on frontier inhabitants, 4, [188], [189 n.], [190], [190 n.]
Federal Constitution, constitutionality of assumption, 2, [66];
Bank, [71-74];
and party politics, [75];
excise, [87];
neutrality proclamation, [95];
treaty-making power, [119], [128], [133], [134-36], [141];
Alien and Sedition Acts, [383], [404].
See also Amendment; Federal Convention; Government; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Nationalism; Ratification; State Rights.
Federal Convention, economic mainspring, 1, [241], [242], [310], [312];
demand for a second convention, [242], [248], [355], [362], [379-81], [477], 2, [49], [57 n.];
class of Framers, 1, [255 n.];
secrecy, [323], [335], [405];
revolutionary results, [323-25], [373], [375], [425];
and declaring acts void, 3, [114-16];
M.'s biography of Washington on, [262];
and treason, [402];
on obligation of contracts, [557 n., 558 n.];
commerce clause, 4, [423].
See also Ratification.
Federal District. See District of Columbia.
Federalist, influence on Marbury decision, 3, [119], [120].
Federalist Party, use, 2, [74-76];
economic basis, [125 n.];
leaders impressed by M. (1796), [198];
effect of X. Y. Z. Mission, [355], [358];
fatality of Alien and Sedition Acts, [361], [381];
issues in 1798, [410];
French hostility as party asset, [422], [424], [427];
and Adams's renewal of negotiations, [422-28];
and pardon of Fries, [429-31];
M.'s importance to, in Congress, [432], [436];
M. and breaking-up, [514], [515], [526];
hopes in control of enlarged Judiciary, [547], [548];
in defeat, on Republican rule, 3, [11-15];
Jefferson on forebodings, [14];
Judiciary as stronghold, Republican fear, [20], [21], [77];
and plans against Judiciary, [22];
and perpetual allegiance, [27 n.];
and Louisiana Purchase, [148-53];
and impeachment of Chase, [173];
moribund, [256], [257];
M. on origin, [259-61];
secession plots and Burr, [281], [298];
intrigue with Merry, [281], [288];
as British partisans, 4, [1], [2], [9], [10];
and Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [9];
and Embargo, [12-17];
and Erskine, [22];
and War of, 1812, [30], [45], [46], [48].
See also Congress; Elections; Politics; Secession.
Fenno, John, on troubles of conservative editor, 2, [30].
Fertilizing Co. vs. Hyde Park, 4, [279 n.]
Few, William, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Fiction, M.'s fondness, 1, [41], 4, [79].
Field, Peter, 1, [11 n.]
Filibustering, first act against, 1, [237].
Finances, powerlessness of Confederation, 1, [232], [295-97], [304], [387], [388], [415-17].
See also Banking; Bankruptcy; Debts; Economic conditions; Money; Taxation.
Finch, Francis M., on treason, 3, [401].
Findley, John, on Yazoo claims, 3, [579].
Finnie, William, relief bill, 1, [215].
Fisher, George, M.'s neighbor, 2, [172];
and Bank of Virginia, 4, [194].
Fiske, John, on Dartmouth College case, 4, [277].
Fitch, Jabez G., and Lyon, 3, [31], [32].
Fitch, John, steamboat invention, 4, [399 n.], [409 n.]
Fitzhugh,——, at William and Mary, 1, [159].
Fitzhugh, Nicholas, and Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [346].
Fitzhugh, William H., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [501 n.]
Fitzpatrick, Richard, in Philadelphia society, 1, [110].
Fleming, William, of Virginia Court of Appeals, 4, [148].
"Fletcher of Saltoun," attack on M., 4, [361 n.]
Fletcher, Robert. See Fletcher vs. Peck.
Fletcher vs. Peck, decision anticipated, 3, [88];
importance and results, [556], [593-95], [602];
origin, [583];
before Circuit Court, [584];
before Supreme Court, first hearing, [585];
collusion, Johnson's separate opinion, [585], [592], [601];
second hearing, [585];
M.'s opinion, [586-91];
congressional denunciation of decision, [595-601].
Fleury, Louis, Stony Point, 1, [140].
Flint, James, on newspaper abuse, 4, [175 n.];
on bank mania, [187], [188], [192 n.], [193];
on bankruptcy frauds, [202].
Flint, Timothy, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [270].
Florida, Bowles's activity, 2, [497-99];
M. on annexation and territorial government, 4, [142-44].
See also West Florida.
Floyd, Davis, Indiana Canal Company, 3, [291 n.];
Burr conspiracy, [361].
Floyd, John, and Nullification, 4, [567].
Folch, Visente, on Wilkinson, 3, [284 n.], [337 n.]
Food, frontier, 1, [39];
of period of the Confederation, [280-82].
Foot, Samuel A., resolution and Hayne-Webster debate, 4, [553 n.]
Force Act (1809), 4, [16].
Fordyce, Captain, battle of Great Bridge, 1, [77].
Foreign relations, policy of isolation, 2, [235], [388], 3, [14].
See also Neutrality.
Forsyth, John, attack on Supreme Court, 4, [395].
Foster, Thomas F., attack on Supreme Court, 4, [516].
Foushee, William, Richmond physician, 1, [189 n.];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, [364];
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, 2, [152];
grand juror on Burr, 3, [413].
Fowler, John, on Judiciary Act of 1801, 2, [561 n.]
France, American alliance, 1, [133], [138];
hatred of Federalists, 4, [2-5], [15].

See also Directory; Franco-American War; French and Indian War; French Revolution; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; X. Y. Z. Mission.
Franco-American War, preparations, 2, [355], [357], [403];
Washington on, [357];
Jefferson and prospect, [358];
French hostility as Federalist asset, [422], [424], [427];
political result of reopening negotiations, [422-28], [433], [436];
naval exploits, [427];
M. and renewal of negotiations, [428];
M. on need of continued preparedness, debate on reducing army (1800), [436], [439], [476-81];
army as political issue, [439];
Sandwich incident, [496];
England and renewal of negotiations, [501];
negotiations and presidential campaign, [522], [524];
M. and prospects of negotiations, [522], [523];
treaty, [524];
treaty in Senate, [525];
Amelia case, 3, [16], [17].
See also X. Y. Z. Mission.
Franklin, Benjamin, Albany Plan, 1, [9 n.];
on newspaper abuse, [268], [269], 3, [204];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.]
Franklin, Jesse, and Pickering impeachment, 3, [168 n.];
of Smith committee, [541 n.]
Franks, Rebecca, on British occupation of Philadelphia, 1, [109].
Fraud, and obligation of contracts, 3, [587], [598], [599].
Frederick County, Va., Indian raids, 1, [1 n.]
Fredericksburg, Va., as Republican stronghold (1798), 2, [354].
Free ships, free goods, Jay Treaty and, 2, [114], [128];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [303-05];
and neutral goods in enemy ships, 4, [137-41].
"Freeholder," queries to M. (1898), M.'s reply, 2, [386-89], [574-77].
Freeman, Constant, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [330].
French and Indian War, raids, 1, [1], [30 n.];
Braddock's march and defeat, [2-5];
effect of defeat on colonists, [5], [6], [9].
French decrees on Neutral trade, 4, [6], [7], [26], [36-39].
French Revolution, influence of American Revolution, 2, [1];
influence on United States, [2-4], [42-44];
universality of early American approval, [4], [9];
Morris's unfavorable reports, [6-9], [248];
first division of American opinion, [10], [15], [22];
Burke's warning, [10-12];
influence of Paine's Rights of Man, [12-15];
Adams's Publicola papers, [15-18];
replies to them, [18], [19];
American enthusiasm and popular support, [19], [22], [23], [27-31];
influence on politicians, [20];
influence of St. Domingo rising, [20-22];
conservative American opinion, [23], [32], [40];
Jefferson on influence, [24], [39];
Jefferson's support of excesses, [24-26];
Short's reports, [24 n., 25 n.];
popular reception of Genêt, his conduct, [28], [29], [301];
humors of popular enthusiasm, [34-36];
and hostility to titles, [36-38];
American democratic clubs, [38-40], [88], [89];
economic division of opinion, [42];
policy of American neutrality, [92-107];
British depredations on neutral trade, question of war, [108-12];
Jay Treaty, [112-15];
support of Republican Party, [131 n.], [223];
Monroe as Minister, [222], [224];
Henry's later view, [411].
See also Directory.
Freneau, Philip, on country editor, 1, [270 n.];
on frontiersman, [275];
defends French Revolution, 2, [30 n.];
on Lafayette, [33];
as Jefferson's mouthpiece, [81];
attacks on Washington, [93 n.];
on Jay Treaty, [118].
Fries's Insurrection, pardons, 2, [429-31], 3, [36 n.];
M. on, 2, [435];
trial, [8], [34-36].
Frontier, advance after French and Indian War, 1, [38];
qualities of frontiersmen, [28-31], [235], [274-77], 4, [188-90];
conditions of life, 1, [39-41], [53], [54 n.];
and Virginia foreign extradition act (1784), [236-41].
See also West.
Frontier posts, retention and non-payment of British debts, 1, [225], [227], [230], 2, [108], [111];
surrender, [114].
Fulton, Robert, steamboat experiments, Livingston's interest, 4, [397-99];
partnership and success, grant of New York monopoly, [400];
and steamboats on the Mississippi, monopoly in Louisiana, [402], [414].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Fulton Street, New York, origin of name, 4, [402 n.]
Funding. See Public debt.
Fur-trade, and retention of frontier posts, 2, [108].
Gaillard, John, votes to acquit Chase, 3, [218].
Gaines, Edward P., and Burr conspiracy, 3, [367], [456 n.]
Gallatin, Albert, and M. in Richmond (1784), 1, [183];
on Murray and French negotiations, 2, [423 n.];
and cession of Western Reserve, [446];
and Jonathan Robins case, [464], [474];
on Jefferson-Burr contest, [547];
on Washington (1802), 3, [4];
commission on Georgia's cession, [574 n.]
Gamble, John G., Burr's security, 3, [429 n.]
Garnett, James M., grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Garnett, Robert S., on Nationalism and overthrow of slavery, 4, [536].
Gaston, William, and Granville heirs case, 4, [156 n.]
Gates, Horatio, Conway Cabal, 1, [121-23].
Gazette of the United States, lack of public support, 2, [30];
on M.'s reception (1798), [344];
on Republican success (1800), [532 n.]
Gazor, Madame de, actress, 2, [232].
General welfare, clause feared, 1, [333];
M. on protection (1788), [414];
and internal improvements, 4, [418].
See also Implied powers.
Georgetown in 1801, 3, [3].
Genêt, Edmond C., popular and official reception, 2, [28], [29];
M.'s review of conduct, [301].
Georgia, Ratification, 1, [325];
conditions (1795), 3, [552];
western claim and cession, [553], [569], [570], [573];
tax on Bank of the United States, 4, [207];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334];
steamboat monopoly, [415].
See also Cherokee Indians; Yazoo.
Georgia Company, Yazoo land purchase, 3, [550].
See also Yazoo.
Georgia Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase, 3, [550].
See also Yazoo.
Germantown, Pa., battle, 1, [102].
Germantown, Va., on frontier, 1, [7].
Gerry, Elbridge, on revolutionary action of Framers, 1, [324];
and Ratification, [352], [353];
on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
accident (1790), [55 n.];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.];
and on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
See also X. Y. Z. Mission.
Gettysburg Address, M. and, 4, [293 n.]
Gibbons, Thomas, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [409-11].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Gibbons vs. Ogden, steamship monopoly in New York, 4, [401];
claim to monopoly in interstate voyages, opposition, retaliatory acts, [403], [404], [415];
early suits on monopoly, avoidance of Federal Constitution, [405];
Kent's opinion on monopoly and power over interstate commerce, [406-12];
concurrent or exclusive power, [409], [426], [427], [434-38], [443-45];
early history of final case, [409-12];
importance and effect of decision, [413], [423], [429], [446], [447], [450];
counsel before Supreme Court, [413], [423], [424];
continuance, [413];
increase of State monopoly grants, [414], [415];
great development of steamboat transportation, [415], [416];
suit and internal improvements controversy, [416-21];
and tariff controversy, [421];
political importance, [422];
specific question, [422];
origin of commerce clause in Constitution, [422];
argument, [424-37];
confusion in State regulation, [426];
M.'s earlier decision on subject, [427-29];
M.'s opinion, [429-33];
field of term commerce, navigation, [431], [432];
power oversteps State boundaries, [433];
supremacy of National coasting license over State regulations, [438-41];
effect of strict construction, [442];
Johnson's opinion, [443];
popularity of decision, [445];
later New York decision upholding, [447-51].
Gibson, John B., and M., 4, [82].
Gilchrist vs. Collector, 3, [154 n.]
Giles, William B., attack on Hamilton, 2, [84 n.];
on Jay Treaty and Fairfax estate, [129];
accuses M. of hypocrisy, [140];
on Washington, [165 n.];
deserts Congress (1798), [340 n.];
and Judiciary Bill (1801), [551];
and assault on Judiciary, repeal of Act of 1801, 3, [22], [76-78], 4, [490], [491];
as House leader, 3, [75];
appearance, [76];
and M., [76 n.];
accident (1805), [55 n.];
on spoils, [157];
leader in Senate, [157 n.], [159 n.];
on right of impeachment, [158], [173];
attempt to win Burr, [182];
and Chase trial, [197];
vote on Chase, [218], [219];
and bill to suspend habeas corpus (1807), [346];
and Judiciary and Burr trial, [357], [382], [507];
and grand jury on Burr, [410], [422];
and attempted expulsion of Senator Smith, [544];
on Yazoo claims, [581];
on Federalists as Anglicans, 4, [10];
and recharter of first Bank of the United States, [174];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
conservatism there, [489], [507];
in debate on State Judiciary, [490-492], [496], [499];
reflects on Jefferson, [491].
Gilmer, Francis W., on M. as a lawyer, 2, [178], [193-95];
character, [396 n.]
Gindrat, Henry, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [546], [547].
Goddard, Calvin, in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [74 n.], [87].
Goode, Samuel, and slavery, 2, [450].
Goodrich, Chauncey, on Federalist confusion (1800), 2, [516];
and new French negotiations, [522];
on Dartmouth College case, 4, [237 n.], [248].
Goodrich, Samuel G., on state of education (c. 1790), 1, [271].
Gordon, William F., and bill on Supreme Court, 4, [515], [516].
Gore, Christopher, argument for Ratification, 1, [343].
Gorham, Nathaniel, on Constitutionalist leaders in Massachusetts, 1, [347 n.]
Government, general dislike after Revolution, 1, [232], [275], [284], [285], [289];
effect of Paine's Common Sense, [288].
See also Anarchy; Bill of Rights; Confederation; Congress; Continental Congress; Crime; Demagogism; Democracy; Despotism; Division of powers; Federal Constitution; Judiciary; Law and order; Legislature; Liberty; License; Majority; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Monarchy; Nationalism; Nobility; Nullification; People; Police powers; Politics; President; Religious tests; State Rights; Secession; Separation of powers; Treason; Suffrage.
Governor, powers of territorial, 2, [446].
Grace, brig, 2, [219].
Graham, Catharine M., on American and French revolutions, 2, [2 n.]
Graham, John, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [323], [324], [326], [456 n.]
Grand jury, character of early Federal charges, 3, [30 n.];
in Burr trial, [408-15], [422], [442], [451].
Granger, Gideon, and drinking, 3, [9 n.];
and Yazoo claims, Randolph's denunciation, [576 n.], [577], [578], [581];
and Connecticut Reserve, [578];
and Justiceship, 4, [109], [110].
Granville heirs case, 4, [154], [155], [155 n.], [156 n.]
Graves, James, case, 4, [552 n.]
Gravier, John, New Orleans batture controversy, 4, [102].
Gray, William F., on M., 4, [67 n.]
Graydon, Alexander, on Ratification in Pennsylvania, 1, [327 n.];
on military titles, [328 n.];
on reception of Genêt, 2, [29].
Grayson, William, in the Legislature, 1, [203];
on Ratification in Virginia, [402], [403 n.];
characterized, [423];
in debate in Ratification Convention, [424-27], [431], [435], [436], [438], [461], [470];
appeal to fear, [439 n.];
on prospect of Ratification, [442], [444];
on Washington's influence on it, [475];
chosen Senator, 2, [50];
on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54].
Great Bridge, battle of, 1, [76-78].
Great Britain, Anti-Constitutionalist praise of government, 1, [391], [405], [426];
M.'s reply, [418];
depredations on neutral trade (1793-94), 2, [107], [108];
retention of frontier posts, [108];
unpreparedness for war with, [108-10];
courts war, [110-12];
Jay Treaty, [112-15];
American and French relations and X. Y. Z. Mission, [271], [283], [312], [321], [322];
French negotiations (1797), [295];
French preparations to invade (1798), [321], [322];
and Bowles in Florida, [498];
disruption of commission on British debts, compromise, [500-05];
and renewal of American negotiations with France, [501];
M.'s protest on depredations on neutral trade, [506-14];
Federalists as partisans, 4, [2-5], [9], [10];
Jefferson's hatred, [8], [11 n.], [26 n.]
See also American Revolution; British debts; Jay Treaty; Napoleonic Wars; Neutral trade; War of 1812.
Green, John. See Green vs. Biddle.
Green vs. Biddle, 4, [375], [376], [380].
Greene, Nathanael, on state of the army (1776), 1, [81];
intrigue against, [122];
as Quartermaster-General, [133];
Johnson's biography, 3, [267 n.]
Greene, Mrs. Nathanael, and Eli Whitney, 3, [555].
Gregg, Andrew, and reply to President's address (1799), 2, [436].
Grenville, Lord, and British debts, 2, [502].
Grey, Sir Charles, in Philadelphia campaign, 1, [100].
Greybell, ——, evidence in Burr trial, 3, [451].
Griffin, Cyrus, Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188];
and trial of Burr, 3, [398];
Jefferson's attempt to influence, [520];
question of successor, 4, [100], [103-06];
career, [105 n.]
Grigsby, Hugh B., on hardships of travel, 1, [260];
on prosperity of Virginia, [306 n.];
on importance of Virginia in Ratification, [359];
value of work on Virginia Ratification Convention, [369 n.];
on Giles, 3, [75 n.]
Griswold, Roger, Judiciary Bill (1801), 2, [548];
in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [74 n.], [89];
on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, [96];
on secession, [152];
and Burr and secession, [281], [289].
Grundy, Felix, and War of 1812, 4, [29].
Gunn, James, on enlargement of Federal Judiciary, 2, [548];
on Chief Justiceship, [553];
and Yazoo lands, 3, [549], [550], [555];
character, [550 n.];
burned in effigy, [559].
Gurley, R. R., and M. and American Colonization Society, 4, [474].
Habeas corpus, attempt of Congress to suspend privileges of writ (1807), 3, [346-48].
Hague, The, M. on, 2, [231].
"Hail, Columbia!" origin, historic importance, 2, [343].
Hale, Benjamin, and Dartmouth College case, 4, [239 n.]
Hale, Joseph, on Republican rule (1801), 3, [12];
on plans against Judiciary, [22].
Hall, John E., and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary, 4, [364].
Hamilton, Alexander, in Philadelphia campaign, 1, [101];
army intrigue against, [122];
on revolutionary action of Framers, [323 n.];
and organization of Constitutionalists, [357], [358];
on importance of Ratification by Virginia, [358];
compared with Madison, [397 n.];
financial aid to Lee, [435 n.];
and aid for Fenno, 2, [30 n.];
financial measures, [60];
deal on Assumption and Capital, [63], [64];
on Virginia's protest on Assumption, [68];
on constitutionality of Bank, [72-74];
and antagonism in Cabinet, [82];
congressional inquiry, [84];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [87];
on constitutionality of Neutrality Proclamation, [95];
on mercantile support of Jay Treaty, [116], [148];
mobbed, [116];
defense of Jay Treaty, Camillus letters, [120];
and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796), [157 n.];
and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [227];
on Alien and Sedition Acts, [382];
on Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, [408];
control over Adams's Cabinet, [486-88];
attack on Adams, [516], [517 n.], [527-29];
on new French treaty, [524];
and Jefferson-Burr contest, [533], [536];
statement in Federalist on judicial supremacy, 3, [119], [120];
Adams on, and French War, [258 n.];
M.'s biography of Washington on, [263];
pursuit of Burr, [277 n.], [281];
duel, [278 n.];
and army in French War, [277 n.];
and Spanish America, [286 n.];
opinion on Yazoo lands, [568], [569];
and Harper's opinion, [572 n.]
Hamilton, James, Jr., on Tariff of 1824, 4, [537];
and of 1828, [537];
and Nullification, [560], [574].
Hammond, Charles, counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [385].
Hampton, Wade, and Yazoo lands, 3, [548], [566 n.]
Hancock, John, and Ratification, 1, [339], [344], [347];
Madison on, [339 n.]
Handwriting, M.'s, 1, [211].
Hanson, A. C, on Embargo and secession, 4, [17].
Harding, Chester, portraits of M., on M., 4, [76], [85].
Harding, Samuel B., on bribery in Massachusetts Ratification, 1, [354 n.]
Hare, Charles W., on Embargo, 4, [17 n.]
Harper, John L., Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [329], [330].
Harper, Robert G., on French and Jefferson (1797), 2, [279 n.];
mob threat against, [355];
cites Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [154 n.];
counsel for Chase, [185];
argument, [206];
counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, [345];
and Yazoo lands, pamphlet and debate, [555], [571], [572], [573 n.];
counsel in Fletcher vs. Peck, [585];
and Story, 4, [98];
on Pinkney, [131 n.];
counsel in Fairfax's Devisee vs. Hunter's Lessee, [156];
counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, [385].
Harper, William, Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [110].
Harrison, Benjamin, and British debts, 1, [231];
in the Legislature, [203];
in Ratification Convention: and delay, [372];
characterized, [420];
in the debate, [421];
and amendments, [473].
Harrison, Thomas, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Harrison, William Henry. Wilkinson's letter introducing Burr, 3, [298].
Hartford Convention, 4, [51].
Harvard University, M.'s sons attend, 4, [73];
honorary degree to M., [89].
Harvey, ——, and Jay Treaty, 2, [121].
Harvie, Emily, acknowledgment to, 4, [528 n.]
Harvie, Jacquelin B., and Callender trial, 3, [192];

M.'s son-in-law, [192 n.], 4, [73].
Harvie, Mary (Marshall), 3, [192 n.], 4, [73].
Haskell, Anthony, trial, 3, [31], [32].
Hauteval, ——, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [276].
Hay, George, attack on M. in Jefferson-Burr contest, 2, [542];
career, [542 n.];
in Callender trial, 3, [38], [40];
as witness in Chase trial, [189];
and preliminary hearing on Burr, [370], [372], [373], [379], [380];
and pardon for Bollmann, [392], [450], [452], [453];
prosecutes Burr, [407];
and M., [408], 4, [78];
and instruction of grand jury, 3, [413];
and new commitment for treason, [415-17], [423-25];
on incitation of public opinion at trial, [420 n.];
and subpœna to Jefferson, [434], [435], [440], [518], [520];
reports to Jefferson, instructions from him, [430-32], [434], [448-51], [483], [484];
on M.'s statement of prosecution's expectation of conviction, [448], [449];
on Jackson at trial, [457 n.];
and confinement of Burr, [477];
on M. and Burr, [483], [484];
opening statement, [484];
on overt act, [500];
threat against M., [500], [501];
and further trials, [515], [521], [523], [524], [527];
on conduct of trial, [526];
fee, [530 n.];
pamphlet on impressment, 4, [52].
Hayburn case, 3, [612].
Hayne, Robert Y., on Tariff of 1828, 4, [537];
Webster debate, [552];
counter on Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, [564], [565].
Haywood, John, on M., 4, [66].
Haywood, M. D., anecdote on M., 4, [64 n.]
Hazard, ——, and Henry Lee, 1, [435 n.]
Haze, Samuel, and Dartmouth College troubles, 4, [226].
Health, conditions in Washington, 3, [6].
Heath, John, on Jay Treaty and Fairfax grant, 2, [129];
as witness in Chase trial, 3, [191], [192].
Heath, William, and Ratification, 1, [347].
Henderson, Archibald, in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [73].
Henderson, Archibald, acknowledgments to, 4, [63 n.], [64 n.], [66 n.]
Henderson, Richard H., on M., 4, [489 n.]
Henfield, Gideon, trial, 3, [25], [26].
Henry, Patrick, as statesman, 1, [32];
and Robinson's loan-office bill, [60];
Stamp-Act Resolutions, [62-65];
Resolutions for Arming and Defense, [66];
and Conway Cabal, [121];
in the Legislature, [203], [208];
and Council of State as a machine, [210];
and amendment of Virginia Constitution, [217];
and chancery bill (1787), [219];
and British debts, [226], [229 n.], [230], [441];
and Confederate navigation act, [235];
and extradition bill (1784), [239];
plan for intermarriage of Indians and whites, [240 n.];
and calling of Ratification Convention, [245];
fear of the Federal District, [291], [439 n.];
on popular majority against Ratification, [321];
feared by Constitutionalists, [358];
in campaign for Ratification delegates, [365];
in Ratification Convention: on revolutionary action of Framers, [373], [375];
and Nicholas, [374];
characterized, [375];
in the debate, [375], [388-91], [397-400], [403-06], [428-30], [433], [435], [438], [440], [441], [449], [464];
on consolidated government, [375], [388], [389], [433];
on power of the President, [390];
effect of speeches, [392], [403];
and Philips case, [393 n.], [398];
on Randolph's change of front, [398], [406];
defense of the Confederation, [388], [389], [399];
on Federal Government as alien, [389], [399], [428], [439 n.];
on free navigation of the Mississippi, [403], [430], [431];
on obligation of contracts, [428];
on payment of paper money, [429];
on declaring acts void, [429];
on danger to the South, [430];
on standing army, [435];
and M., [438], [464];
on need of a Bill of Rights, [440];
on Federal Judiciary, [449], [464];
on Indian lands, [464];
assault on, speculation, [465-67], 2, [203 n.];
in contest over recommendatory amendments, 1, [469-71], [474];
threat to secede from Convention, [472];
submits, [474], [478];
effect of French Revolution on, 2, [41], [411];
and opposition after Ratification, [48-50], [57 n.];
and Federal Convention, [60 n.];
and assumption of State debts, [65];
on Jefferson and Madison, [79];
and offer of Attorney-Generalship, [124-26];
Federalist, [124 n.];
and presidential candidacy (1796), [156-58];
on abuse of Washington, [164];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188];
champions M.'s candidacy for Congress (1798), [411-13];
on Virginia Resolutions, [411];
Jefferson on support of M., [419], [420];
and Chief Justiceship, 3, [121 n.];
in M.'s biography of Washington, [244];
and Yazoo lands, [554].
Herbert, George, on War of 1812, 4, [51 n.]
Heyward, Mrs. ——, M. and, 2, [217].
Higginson, Stephen, on Gerry, 2, [364].
High seas, M. on jurisdiction over crimes on, 2, [465-67];
as common possession, 4, [119].
Hill, Aaron, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [43].
Hill, Jeremiah, on Ratification contest, 1, [341];
on importance of Virginia in Ratification, [358].
Hillard, George S., on M., 4, [61 n.]
Hillhouse, James, and Burr, 3, [281];
and secession, [281], [289];
on Adams's report on Burr conspiracy, [544];
and Embargo, 4, [13].
Hinson, ——, and Burr, 3, [367].
Hitchcock, Samuel, Lyon trial, 3, [31 n.]
Hite vs. Fairfax, 1, [191-96].
Hobby, William J., pamphlet on Yazoo lands, 3, [573 n.]
Hoffman, J. Ogden, counsel in Nereid case, 4, [131].
Hollow, The, M.'s early home, 1, [36-38].
Holmes, John, in Ratification Convention, 1, [346].
Holmes, John, counsel in Dartmouth College case, 4, [239], [253].
Holmes vs. Walton, 3, [611].
Holt, Charles, trial, 3, [41].
Hooe, Robert T., Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [110].
Hopkinson, Joseph, "Hail, Columbia!" 2, [343];
counsel for Chase, 3, [185];
argument, [198];
on Embargo, 4, [12 n.];
as practitioner before M., [95];
counsel in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, [209];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [238], [254], [258], [259];
and M., [238 n.];
appointment as District Judge, [238 n.];
appearance, [254];
fee and portrait in Dartmouth case, [255 n.];
and success in case, [274];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [285].
Horatius articles, 2, [541 n., 542 n.]
Horses, scarcity, 1, [162 n.]
Hortensius letter, 2, [542].
Hottenguer, ——, and M.'s purchase of Fairfax estate, 2, [205];
as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, [259-65], [272-78], [281].
House of Burgesses, M.'s father as member, 1, [58];
control by tide-water aristocracy, [59];
Robinson case, [60];
Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, sectional divergence, [61-65].
See also Legislature of Virginia.
Houses, M.'s boyhood homes, 1, [37], [55];
of period of Confederation, [280], [281].
Hovey, Benjamin, Indiana Canal Company, 3, [291 n.]
Howard, Samuel, steamboat monopoly, 4, [415].
Howe, Henry, on frontier illiteracy, 1, [272 n.]
Howe, Sir William, Pennsylvania campaign, 1, [92-106].
Hudson River. See Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Hulme, Thomas, on frontiersmen, 4, [189 n.]
Humor, M.'s quality, 1, [73], 4, [62], [78], [83].
Humphries, David, on Shays's Rebellion, 1, [299].
Hunter, David. See Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Hunter, William, counsel in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, 4, [209].
Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devisee, 2, [206-08].
See also Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Huntingdon, Countess of, on M. as orator, 2, [188].
Huntington, Ebenezer, on Republican ascendancy (1800), 2, [521].
Hutchinson, Thomas, and declaring acts void, 3, [612].
Illinois, prohibits external banks, 4, [207];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334].
Illiteracy, at period of Confederation, 1, [272];
later prevalence, 3, [13 n.]
See also Education.
Immigration. See New York vs. Miln.
Immunity of foreign man-of-war, 4, [122-25].
Impeachment, proposed amendment on, 2, [141];
as weapon against Federalist judges, 3, [21];
Monroe's suggestion for Justices (1802), [59];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, [73], [80], [81];
expected excuse in Marbury vs. Madison opinion, [62 n.], [112], [113];
as second phase of attack on Judiciary, [111];
Pickering case, [111], [164-68];
State case of Judge Addison, [112], [163], [164];
and opinion in Marbury vs. Madison, [143], [153], [155];
M.'s fear, [155], [176-79], [192], [196];
for political or indictable offense, [158], [164], [165], [168 n.], [173], [198-200], [202], [207], [206-12];
of all Justices planned, [159], [160], [173], [176], [178];
Marshall as particular object, [161-63];
of Chase voted, [169];
Jefferson and attitude of Northern Republicans, [170], [221];
House manager, [170];
public opinion prepared for trial of Chase, [171];
articles against Chase, [171], [172];
despair of Federalists, [173];
and Yazoo frauds, [174];
arrangement of Senate, [179], [180];
Burr as presiding officer, [180], [183];
efforts of Administration to placate Burr, [181-83];
seat for Chase, [183];
his appearance, [184];
his counsel, [185];
Randolph's opening speech, [187-89];
testimony, [189-92];
M. as witness, [192-96];
conferences of Giles and Randolph, [197];
argument by Manager Early, [197];
by Manager Campbell, [198];
by Hopkinson, [198-201];
Chase trial as precedent, [201];
argument by Key, [201];
by Lee, [201];
by Martin, [201-06];
by Manager Nicholson, [207-10];
by Manager Rodney, [210-12];
by Manager Randolph, [212];
Randolph's praise of M., its political importance, [214-16];
Chase trial and secession, [217];
vote, acquittal, [217-20];
importance of acquittal, [220];
programme abandoned, [222], [389];
M. and acquittal, [222];
threat against M. during Burr trial, [500], [501], [503], [512], [516];
Jefferson urges it, [530-32];
foreign affairs prevent, [545].
Implied powers, in contest over Assumption, 2, [66], [67];
in Bank controversy, [71-74];
M. upholds (1804), 3, [162];
interpretation of "necessary and proper laws," 4, [285], [286], [294-301], [316], [337].
See also Nationalism.
Import duties, unconstitutionality of State license on importers, 4, [455-57].
See also Tariff.
Impressment, by British, 2, [107], 4, [8];
M.'s protest, 2, [513];
and perpetual allegiance, 3, [27 n.];
Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [475-77], 4, [9];
discussion of right, [52], [53];
M.'s later opinion, [53-55].
See also Neutral trade.
Imprisonment for debt, 3, [13 n.], [15 n.];
M. on, and obligation of contracts, 4, [215], [216].
Independence, germ in Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, 1, [63];
anticipation of Declaration, 3, [118];
M.'s biography of Washington on Declaration, [244].
Indian Queen, boarding-house, 3, [7].
Indiana, prohibition on external banks, 4, [207];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334].
Indiana Canal Company, 3, [291 n.]
Indians, frontier raid, 1, [1], [30 n.];
Virginia's attempt to protect (1784), [236-41];
Henry's plan for intermarriage with whites, [240 n.], [241];
in Ratification debate, [465];
fear of, and Ratification, [476];
and British relations (1794), 2, [110], [111];
Bowlee's intrigue, [497-99];
and Yazoo lands, 3, [552], [553], [569], [570];
M. and policy toward, 4, [542 n.]
See also Cherokee Indians.
Individualism, as frontier trait, 1, [29], [275];
rampant, [285].
Ingersoll, Charles J., practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Ingersoll, Jared, Hunter, vs. Fairfax, 2, [207].
Ingraham, Edward D., escort for M.'s body, 4, [588].
Inman, Henry, portrait of M., 4, [522 n.]
Innes, Harry, and Burr, 3, [318].
Innes, James, as lawyer, 1, [173];
characterized, [473];
in Ratification Convention, [474];
and Cabinet office, 2, [124];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188].
Insolvency. See Ogden vs. Saunders; Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Inspection laws, State, and commerce clause, 4, [436].
See also Police powers.
Internal improvements, Potomac River (1784), 1, [217];
Burr's plan for Ohio River canal, 3, [291 n.];
M. and Virginia survey, 4, [42-45];
demand, [416];
Bonus Bill, Madison's veto, [417];
later debate, Randolph's speech on Nationalism, [418-21];
Jackson's pocket veto of River and Harbor Bill, [534].
International law, Jonathan Robins case, 2, [465-71];
Amelia case and law of prize, 3, [16], [17];
Adventure case, ocean as common property, 4, [119];
M.'s contribution, [121];
Exchange case, immunity of foreign man-of-war, [121-25];
United States vs. Palmer, Divina Pastora, belligerency of revolted province, [126-28];
Venus case, domicil and enemy character, [128], [129];
Nereid case, neutral property in enemy ship, [130], [135-42];
recognition of slave trade, [476], [477].
Iredell, James, Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188];
on Virginia Resolutions, [399];
on Fries's Insurrection, [429], 3, [35];
and common-law jurisdiction, [25];
and declaring acts void, [117];
and constructive treason, [403].
Iron Hill engagement, 1, [93], [94].
Irving, Washington, on trial of Burr, 3, [400], [416], [432], [435], [456], [457 n.], [464 n.], [477], [478 n.]
Irwin, Jared, and Yazoo frauds, 3, [562].
Isham, Mary, descendants, 1, [10].
Isham family, lineage, 1, [10].
Isolation, M. and policy, 2, [235], [388], 3, [14 n.];
need in early Federal history, 4, [6];
local, [191].
See also Neutrality.
Iturrigaray, José de, and Wilkinson, 3, [329].
Jackson, Andrew, and Washington, 2, [165 n.];
duelist, 3, [278 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [292], [295], [296], [305], [326], [361];
prepares for war with Spain, [313];
and rumors of disunion, [326];
at trial of Burr, denounce Jefferson and Wilkinson, [404], [429], [457], [471];
appearance, [404];
Burr's gratitude, [405];
battle of New Orleans, 4, [57];
M. and candidacy (1828), [462-65];
contrasted with M., [466];
M. on inauguration, [466];
appointments to Supreme Court, [510], [581], [582], [584], [584 n.];
war on the Bank, veto of recharter, [529-33];
pocket veto of River and Harbor Bill, [534];
place in M.'s inclination to resign, [519], [521];
M. and election of 1832, [534];
withdraws deposits from the Bank, [535];
Kent's opinion, [535 n.];
and Georgia-Cherokee controversy, [540], [541], [547], [548], [551];
M. rebukes on Cherokee question, [546];
Union toast, [557];
warning to Nullifiers, [558];
Nullification Proclamation, its debt to M., [562], [563];
M.'s commendation, [563];
reply of South Carolina, his inconsistency with attitude on Cherokee question, [564], [565];
recommends tariff reduction, [567];
Virginia and attitude on Nullification, [570];
character of Southern support, [578].
Jackson, Francis James, as Minister, 4, [23-26].
Jackson, James, on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
journey (1790), [55 n.];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, [61];
and Chase trial, [220], [221];
and Yazoo frauds, [560-62], [565];
resigns from Senate, [561].
Jackson vs. Clarke, 4, [165 n.]
James River Company, 2, [56].
Jameson, J. Franklin, acknowledgments to, 4, [63 n.], [68 n.]
Jarvis, Charles, in Ratification Convention, 1, [348].
Jarvis, William C, attack on M., 4, [362].
Jay, John, on frontiersmen and Indians, 1, [236], [237];
on demand for equality in all things, [295];
distrust of democracy, [300], [308];
on failure of requisitions, [305];
on decline of Continental Congress, [305 n.];
on ability to pay public debt, [306], [306 n.];
on extravagance, [306 n.];
Jay Treaty, 2, [113-15];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188];
refuses reappointment as Chief Justice, [552], 3, [120 n.];
and common-law jurisdiction, [24], [25];
on defective Federal Judiciary, [55];
and declaring acts void, [117];
and Manhattan Company, [287 n.];
and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [407].
Jay Treaty, cause of negotiations, 2, [108-13];
unpopularity of negotiation, [113];
humiliating terms, [114];
popular demonstrations against, [115-18], [120];
commercial and financial support, [116], [148];
Jefferson on, [118], [121];
question of constitutionality, [119], [128], [133-36];
Hamilton's defense, Camillus letters, [120];
attitude of Virginia, [120];
protests, [126];
typical address against, [126-29];
M.'s defense, [126], [129 n.];
and free ships, free goods, [128], [303-05];

resolutions of Virginia Legislature, [131-37];
indirect legislative censure of Washington, [137-40];
proposed constitutional amendments caused by, [141-13];
contest in Congress, petitions, [148], [149], [155];
Richmond meeting and petition favoring, [149-55];
M. and commissionship under, [200-02];
France and, [223];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [303-08];
submitted to French Minister, [305];
and contraband, [306];
Jonathan Robins case under, [458-75];
disruption of commission on British debts, [500-02];
M. and disruption and compromise, [502-05];
Federal common-law trials for violating, 3, [24-29];
divulged, [63 n.];
settlement of British debts, [103];
and land grants, 4, [148], [153], [157]
Jefferson, Jane (Randolph), 1, [10], [11].
Jefferson, Peter, similarity to M.'s father, 1, [11];
ancestry, [11 n.]
Jefferson, Thomas,
pre-presidential years:
relations with M., 1, [9], [10];
similarity in conditions of M.'s birth, [11 n.];
Randolph and Isham ancestry, [10], [11];
Jefferson ancestry, [11], [12];
landed estate, [20 n.];
on Virginia society, [21], [22];
as statesman, [32];
accused of shirking duty during Revolution, [126-30];
in service of State, [128];
as Governor, [143];
and Arnold's invasion, [143-45];
and Rebecca Burwell, [149];
on William and Mary, [156];
licenses M. to practice law, [161];
as letter writer, [183 n.];
in Legislature, [203];
use of Council of State as a machine, [210];
chancery act (1777), [219];
on British debts, [223 n.], [228 n.], [295 n.];
debts for slaves, [224 n.];
cause of retained faith in democracy, [253];
on hardships of travel, [259];
use of cipher, [266 n.];
on license of the press, [270];
on sectional characteristics, [278-80];
inappreciative of conditions under Confederation, [286], [314-16];
on the Cincinnati, [292];
defense of Shays's Rebellion, preparation to lead radicalism, [302-04], 2, [52];
dislike of commerce, 1, [316];
on Randolph and Ratification, [378];
favors amendment before Ratification, [478];
influence of French Revolution on, 2, [4], [44];
on first movements of it, [5];
approbation of Rights of Man, [14], [15], [16 n.];
on Publicola papers, [19 n.];
on St. Domingo negro insurrection, [21];
on influence of French Revolution on American government, [24], [39];
upholds excesses of French Revolution, [25], [26];
on reception of Genêt, [29];
development of Republican Party, [46], [81-83], [91], [96];
political fortunes broken (1785), [46 n.];
first attitude toward Federal Constitution, [47];
cold reception (1789), [57];
deal on Assumption and Capital, [63], [64], [82 n.];
tardy views on unconstitutionality of Assumption, [70];
opinion on Bank of United States, [71];
converts Madison, [79];
attempt to sidetrack M. (1792), [79-81];
and antagonism in Cabinet, [82];
on results of funding, [85];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [90], [91];
opposition to Neutrality, [94];
resignation from Cabinet, [96];
and drinking, [102 n.];
attacks Jay Treaty, [118], [121];
accuses M. of hypocrisy (1795), [139], [140];
and abuse of Washington, [164];
growth of feud with M., [165];
on M.'s reason for accepting French mission, [211];
and Monroe's attack on Washington, [222 n.];
and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [227];
and Gerry's appointment, [227];
experience in France contrasted with M.'s, [289];
and news of X. Y. Z. Mission, [335];
and X. Y. Z. dispatches, [336], [339-41];
and M.'s return and reception, [345], [346];
call on M., [346], [347];
and expected French War, [358];
open warfare on M., [358];
attempt to undo effect of X. Y. Z. Mission, [359-63], [368];
and Langhorne letter, [375 n.];
and Alien and Sedition Acts, hysteria, method of attack, [382], [384], [397], [399];
Kentucky Resolutions, [397];
expects M.'s defeat (1798), [411];
and M.'s election, [419];
on Henry's support of M., [419], [420];
on general election results (1798), [420];
and M.'s visit to Kentucky, [421];
on renewal of French negotiations, [428];
on M. and Disputed Elections Bill, [456];
and Jonathan Robins case, [459], [475];
blindness to M.'s merit, [475];
on Burr and Republican success (1800), [535 n.];
M.'s opinion (1800), [537];
Mazzei letter, [537 n., 538 n.];
and Judiciary Bill, [549], [550];
on Chief Justiceship (1801), [553 n.];
on midnight appointments, [561 n.], [562];
inappreciative of importance of M.'s Chief Justiceship, [562];
in Washington boarding-house, 3, [7];
on common-law jurisdiction of National Judiciary, [29];
on Lyon trial, [31];
on right of judges to declare acts void (1786), [117];
merits of Declaration of Independence, [118].
See also Elections (1800).
As President and after:
Wines, 3, [9];
M. on, as terrorist, [11];
on Federalist forebodings, [14];
on renewal of European War, [14];
policy of isolation, [14 n.];
and bargain of election, [18];
M. on inaugural, [18];
programme of demolition, caution, [18-20];
and popularity, [19 n.];
plans against National Judiciary, suppressed paragraph of message (1801), [20-22], [51-53], [57], [605], [606];
on Judiciary as Federalist stronghold, [21];
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, [21 n.];
and subpœna in Burr trial, [33], [86 n.], [323], [433-47], [450], [454-56], [518-22];
and Callender, [36], [38];
on Giles, [75 n.];
partisan rewards by, [81 n.], [208];
Morris on, [90 n.];
as following Washington's footsteps, [100 n.];
and settlement of British debt controversy, [103];
and Adams's justices of the peace, [110];
desires to appoint Roane Chief Justice, [113];
and opinion in Marbury vs. Madison, [143-45], [154 n.], [431], [432];
branches of the Bank and practical politics, [145];
and New Orleans problem, [145], [146];
dilemma of Louisiana Purchase, [147-49];
secretiveness, [149];
scents Republican misgivings of assault on Judiciary, [155];
and Aurora's condemnation of Judiciary, [159 n.];
head of impeachment programme, [160];
and impeachment of Pickering, [164 n.], [165], [166];
and impeachment of Chase, [170];
break with Randolph, [174];
advances to Burr during Chase trial, [181], [182];
reward of Pickering trial witnesses, [181];
reëlected, [197];
Rodney's flattery, [212];
abandons impeachment programme, [221], [389];
plan to counteract M.'s biography of Washington, [228], [229];
preparation of Anas, [229];
M. on, in the biography, [244], [259], [263], [263 n.];
on the biography, [265-69];
on Botta's History, [266];
hostility to Burr, [279], [280];
and secession of New England, [283], 4, [15 n.], [30 n.];
and war with Spain, 3, [285], [301], [313], [383 n.];
and Miranda, [300], [301];
receives Burr (1806), [301];
hostility of naval officers, [302], [458 n.], [459 n.];
and Eaton, [302];
Eaton's report to, of Burr's plans, [304];
and other reports, [305], [310], [315], [317], [323], [338 n.];
Wilkinson's revelation of Burr's plans, [321], [322];
action on Wilkinson's revelation, proclamation, [324], [327];
Annual Message on Conspiracy, [337];
Special Message declaring Burr guilty, [339-41];
its effect, [341];
and Swartwout and Bollmann, [344], [391], [392], [430];
on arrest of Burr, [368 n.];
M.'s reflection on conduct in conspiracy, [376];
as prosecutor, prestige involved, on the trial, [383-91], [406], [417], [419], [422], [430-432], [437], [451], [476], [477], [499];
continued hostility to Judiciary, [384], [388], 4, [339], [362], [363], [368-70], [538];
on making stifled evidence at Burr trial public, 3, [422], [515];
pardons to obtain evidence, [392], [393];
M.'s defiance at trial of Burr, [404];
Jackson's denunciation, [404], [457 n.];
Hay's reports on Burr trial, [415];
on Martin, [450], [451];
bolsters Wilkinson, [472];
and Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [475-77], 4, [9];
orders further trials of Burr, 3, [515], [522];
and Daveiss's pamphlet, [525];
and attacks on M. during trial, [526], [535];
Message on trial, hints at impeachment of M., [530-32];
on Georgia's western claim, [553];
and Yazoo claims, [592];
prejudice-holding, 4, [2];
love of France, [3];
and attacks on neutral trade, [7 n.], [8], [9], [11];
hostility to England, [8], [11 n.], [26 n.];
on Federalist defense of British, [10];
toast on freedom of the seas, [23];
and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, [53];
on M.'s control over Supreme Court, [59];
and M.'s integrity, [90 n.];
enmity to Story, [98-100];
Livingston case and Madison's judicial appointments, [100-16];
control of Virginia politics, [146];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [160];
and first Bank of the United States, [172];
and second Bank, [180 n.];
on Niles' Register, [183 n.];
on financial madness (1816), [186];
on crisis of 1819, [204];
on Nathaniel Niles, [227];
on charters and obligation of contracts, [230 n.];
and Taylor's exposition of State Rights, [339];
M. on Jefferson's later attacks, [363-66];
advocates resistance by States, [368];
and amendment on Judiciary (1821), [371], [378];
and demand for revision of Virginia Constitution, [468], [469], [502 n.], [508];
called theoretical by Giles, [491];
M.'s attitude toward, [579], [580].
Jenkinson, Isaac, account of Burr episode, 3, [538 n.]
Jennings, William H., Cohens vs. Virginia, 4, [345].
Johnson, James, and second Bank of the United States, 4, [196 n.], [288].
Johnson, Reverdy, counsel in Brown vs. Maryland, 4, [455 n.]
Johnson, Richard M., on Missouri question, 4, [341];
proposed amendment and attack on Judiciary, [371-79], [450].
Johnson, William, opinion on common-law jurisdiction, 3, [28 n.];
appointed Justice, [109 n.], [159 n.];
and mandamus, [154 n.];
biography of Greene, [266];
and release of Swartwout and Bollmann, [349];
opinion in Fletcher vs. Peck, [592];
character, 4, [60];
appearance, [132];
dissent in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [157], [165], [166];
and Dartmouth College case, [255], [256], [258 n.];
dissent in Green vs. Biddle, [381 n.];
Nationalist opinion in Elkison case, [382], [383];
opinion in Osborn vs. Bank, [394];
opinion in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [443-45];
opinion in Ogden vs. Saunders, [481 n.];
dissent in Craig vs. Missouri, [513];
ill, [582];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583];
death, [584].
Johnson, William S., and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Johnson, Zachariah, in Virginia Ratification Convention, 1, [474].
Johnson vs. Bourn, 2, [181 n.]
Johnston, Josiah S., on Nullification, 4, [555].
Johnston, Samuel, on hardships of travel, 1, [255].
Jonathan Robins case, facts, 2, [458];
Republican attacks, [459];
before Congress, proof that Nash was not American, [460];
basis of debate in House, [460], [461];
Republican attempts at delay, [461-64];
M.'s speech, [464-71];
exclusive British jurisdiction, [465], [466];
not piracy, [467];
duty to deliver Nash, [467];
not within Federal judicial powers, [468-70];
incidental judicial powers of Executive, [470];
President as sole organ of external relations, [470];
comments on M.'s speech, its effect, [471-75].
Jones, James, and slavery, 2, [450].
Jones, Walter, counsel in Fairfax's Devisee vs. Hunter's Lessee, 4, [156];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [285], [286].
Joynes, Thomas R., on M., 4, [489 n.]
Judge-made law, and Federal assumption of common-law jurisdiction, 3, [23];
Johnson on, 4, [372].
See also Declaring acts void.
Judiciary, Federal, arguments on, during Ratification debate, 1, [334], [426], [444], [461], [464];
expected independence and fairness, [430], [451], [459];
and gradual consolidation, [446];
jury trial, [447], [449], [456], [457];
M. on, in Convention, [450-61];
inferior courts, [451];
extent of jurisdiction, [452], [454-56], 2, [468-70];
concurrent jurisdiction, 1, [452];
as a relief to State courts, [453];
proposed amendment on, [477];
British-debts cases, 2, [83];
suits against States, Eleventh Amendment, [83 n.], [84 n.], 3, [554], 4, [354], [385], [387-91];
proposed amendment against pluralism, 2, [141];
incidental exercise of powers by Executive, [470];
M. favors extension (1800), [531];
Federalist plans to retain control, [547], [548];
Republican plans against, 3, [19-22];
as Federalist stronghold, [21], [77];
Federalist expectation of assault, [22];
assumption of common-law jurisdiction, [23-29], [78], [84], 4, [30 n.];
conduct of sedition trials, 3, [29-43];
lectures from the bench, [30 n.];
results on public opinion of conduct, [47], [48];
defects in act of 1789, [53-56], [81], [117];
effect of Marbury vs. Madison on Republican attack, [143], [153], [155];
and campaign of 1804, [145];
assault and Federalist threats of secession, [151], [152];
Republican misgivings on assault, [155];
Aurora on, [159 n.];
removal on address of Congress, [167], [221], [389];
political speeches from bench, [169], [206];
M. suggests legislative reversal of judicial decisions, [177], [178];
stabilizing function in a republic, [200];
necessity of independence, [200], [204], [373];
Jefferson's continued hatred, [384], [388], 4, [339], [362-66], [368-70];
Federalist attacks, [30 n.];
effort for court of appeals above Supreme Court, [323], [325];
right of original jurisdiction, [385-87];
proposed amendment for limited tenure, [517 n.];
as interpreter of Constitution, [554].
See also Contracts; Declaring acts void; Impeachment; Judiciary Act of 1801; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Supreme Court.
Judiciary, State, equity, 1, [218-20];
popular antagonism during Confederation, [297-99], 3, [23 n.];
conduct of sedition trials, [43-47];
conduct of Republican judges, [48 n.];
Virginia, as political machine, 4, [146], [485-88];
controversy over, in New Hampshire, [229], [230];
M.'s report on, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [485];
tenure of judges and discontinued offices, [485], [490], [493-501];
removal of judges, [485];
extent of reform demanded in Virginia, [488];
debate in her Convention, [489-501].
Judiciary Act of 1801, bill, 2, [548];
character of first Republican opposition to it, [549], [550], [555 n.];
Federalist toast, [548 n.];
debate and passage of bill, [550-52];
Fairfax estate in debate, [551];
midnight appointments, [559-62];
importance of repeal debate, 3, [50], [75];
Jefferson and attack, last hour changes in Message, [51-53], [605];
character of act, [53], [56];
extravagance as excuse for repeal, [57], [58], [64];
repeal debate in Senate, [58-72];
tenure of judge and abolition of office, [59], [63], [607-10];
and declaring acts void, [60], [62], [64], [67-71], [73], [74], [82], [85], [87], [91];
independence versus responsibility of Judiciary, [60], [61], [65], [68], [74], [88];
fear of Judiciary, [61];
Marbury vs. Madison in debate, [61 n.], [63], [78], [80], [86], [90];
select committee and discharge of it, [67], [68], [279];
indifference of mass of Federalists, [71];
vote in Senate, [72];
attempt to postpone in House, [72];
Federalist threats of secession, [72], [73], [82], [89], [93], [97], [98];
debate in House, [73-91];
and impeachment of Justices, [73], [80], [81];
Republican concern, [76 n.];
Republicans on origin of act, [76-78];
Supreme Court and annulment of repeal, [85], [91], [92], [95-97], [122], [123], 4, [489], [490];
predictions of effect of repeal, 3, [88];
Federal common-law jurisdiction, [78], [84], [89];
vote in House, [91];
reception of repeal, [92-94], [97-100];
act on disability of judges, [165 n.]
Jury trial, Reconstruction debate on Federal, 1, [447], [449], [456], [457], [464];
juries in sedition cases, 3, [42].
Kamper vs. Hawkins, 3, [612].
Keith, James, M.'s grandfather, career, 1, [17], [18].
Keith, James, on M., 4, [67 n.]
Keith, Mary Isham (Randolph), M.'s grandmother, 1, [10], [17].
Keith, Mary Randolph, M.'s mother, 1, [10].
See also Marshall, Mary Randolph (Keith).
Kendall, Amos, as Jackson's adviser, 4, [532 n.]
Kent, James, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [265];
on Livingston vs. Jefferson, 4, [114];
standing as judge, [256];
and Dartmouth College case, [256], [258 n.];
and Supreme Bench, [256 n.], [369 n.];
on Livingston's steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce, [406-12], [430], [441];
on Jackson, [535 n.];
on M.'s decline, [586].
Kent, Joseph, votes for war, 4, [29 n.]
Kent, Moses, letters, 4, [84 n.]
Kenton, Simon, birth and birthplace, 1, [9 n.]
Kentucky, delegates in Ratification Convention, influences on, 1, [384], [399], [403], [411], [420], [430-32], [434], [443];

Virginia act for statehood, 2, [55];
land case, 3, [17];
and repeal of Judiciary Act of 1801, [58 n.];
Burr in, [291], [296], [313-19];
bank mania and distress, 4, [187], [204], [205];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [314], [334];
Green vs. Biddle, occupying claimant law, [375-77], [380-82].
See also next title.
Kentucky Resolutions, purpose, 2, [397];
Taylor's suggestion of nullification doctrine, [397];
production, [397];
importance, [398];
Hamilton on, [408];
consideration in Massachusetts, 3, [43];
Dana on, [45];
as Republican gospel, [105-08];
resolutions in Federalist States on, [105 n., 106 n.]
See also State Rights.
Kercheval, Samuel, and Jefferson's letter on Virginia Constitution, 4, [468], [469].
Key, Francis S., counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [345].
Key, Philip B., counsel for Chase, 3, [185];
argument, [201].
King, Rufus, on Ratification in Massachusetts, 1, [340], [347], [348 n.], [351];
and organization of Constitutionalists, [357];
and Henry's presidential candidacy (1796), 2, [156];
on M. as lawyer, [191];
and M. (1796), [198];
conciliatory letter to Talleyrand (1797), [252], [253];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [286], [295], [364];
and presidential candidacy (1800), [438];
and British-debts dispute, [502-05], 3, [103];
on fever in Washington, [6];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.];
and on obligation of contracts, [557 n.];
on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, [543 n.];
and Yazoo lands, [570];
on bank mania and crisis of 1819, 4, [181], [206 n.];
and American Colonization Society, [475].
Knox, Henry, army intrigue against, 1, [122];
on spirit of anarchy, [275];
on demand for division of property, [298];
on Shays's Rebellion, [300];
on Henry as Anti-Constitutionalist, [358];
support of Adams (1800), 2, [518];
enmity toward Hamilton, [518 n.]
Knox, James, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [473].
Kremer, George, attack on Clay, 4, [462 n.]
Labor, attitude toward, in colonial Virginia, 1, [21];
price (c. 1784), [181];
M. and problem, 4, [472].
Lafayette, Marquis de, on Washington at Monmouth, 1, [136];
on French indifference to reforms (1788), 2, [6];
value of letters on French Revolution, [7 n.];
and key of the Bastille, [9];
M. and imprisonment, [32-34];
and American Colonization Society, 4, [474], [476 n.]
Lamb, John, on Washington and Federal Constitution, 1, [331 n.]
Lamballe, Madame de, executed, 2, [27 n.]
Land, M. on colonial grants, 1, [191-96];
Virginia grants and Ratification, [445], [447-49], [458];
Indian purchases, [464], [465];
speculation, 2, [202];
M. on tenure in France (1797), [268-70];
Kentucky case, 3, [17];
importance in early National history, [556];
Kentucky occupying claimant law, 4, [375-77], [380-82].
See also Fairfax estate; Public lands; Yazoo.
Langbourne, William, Burr's security, 3, [429 n.], [517].
Langdon, John, on Ratification in New Hampshire, 1, [354].
Langhorne letter to Washington, 2, [375 n.]
Lanier, Clem, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [546], [547].
Lansing, John, decision on Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [405].
La Rochefoucauld Liancourt, Duc de, on Virginia social conditions, 1, [20 n.];
on frontiersmen, [275 n.], [276 n.], [281 n.];
on social contrasts, [280 n.];
on drinking, [282];
on court days, [284 n.];
on speculation and luxury in Philadelphia, 2, [85 n.];
on M. as a lawyer, [171];
on M.'s character, [196], [197].
Latrobe, B. H., and Burr, 3, [311 n.]
Law and lawyers, Virginia bar (1780), 1, [173];
extent of M.'s studies, [174-76];
M.'s argument in Hite vs. Fairfax, colonial land grants, [191-96];
M. as pleader, 2, [177-82], [192-96];
M.'s argument in Ware vs. Hylton, [186-92];
practice and evidence, 3, [18];
popular hostility, [23 n.];
M.'s popularity with, 4, [94];
character of practitioners before him, [94], [95], [132-35];
oratory and woman auditors, [133], [134];
as publicists, [135];
fees, [345 n.]
See also Judiciary.
Law and order, frontier license, 1, [29], [235], [239], [274];
M. on, 3, [402].
See also Government.
Lear, Tobias, on Ratification in New Hampshire, 1, [354], [354 n.];
and Eaton, 3, [303 n.]
Lecompte, Joseph, and Supreme Court, 4, [517 n.]
Lee, Arthur, and Beaumarchais, 2, [292 n.]
Lee, Gen. Charles, on militia, 1, [86];
Monmouth, [135-37].
Lee, Charles, of Va., and Jay Treaty, 2, [132], [133];
and legislative implied censure of Washington, [138];
and Federal office for M., [201];
Hunter vs. Fairfax, [207], 4, [156];
on M. and new French negotiations, 2, [428];
Aurora on, [492];
counsel in Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [126], [130 n.];
counsel for Chase, [185];
counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, [345];
counsel for Burr, on overt act, [500];
report on Yazoo lands, [570].
Lee, Henry, Randolph ancestry, 1, [10];
in charge of light infantry, [142];
Pawles Hook, [142];
in the Legislature, [208];
in Ratification Convention: and haste, [372];
characterised, [387];
in the debate, [387], [423], [430], [467];
taunts Henry, [406];
on prospects, [434];
Hamilton's financial aid, [435 n.];
on threat of forcible resistance, [467];
and Whiskey Insurrection, 2, [87];
and Fairfax estate, [100], [204];
and enforcement of neutrality, [104], [106];
and Jay Treaty, [132];
and Henry's presidential candidacy, [157];
candidacy (1798), [416];
and "first in war" description, [443-45];
and powers of territorial Governor, [446 n.];
and slavery, [449];
and Adams's advances to Jefferson, [519 n.];
and Jefferson, 4, [579].
Lee, Richard Henry, lease to M.'s father, 1, [51];
in the Legislature, [203], [208];
on distance as obstacle to Federal Government, [256];
on revolutionary action of Framers, [324];
in campaign for Ratification delegates, arguments, [366];
and title for President, 2, [36];
chosen Senator, [50].
Lee, Robert E., Randolph ancestry, 1, [10].
Lee, S., on Ratification contest, 1, [341].
Lee, Thomas Ludwell, lease to M.'s father, 1, [51].
Leggett, William, hostile criticism of M.'s career, 4, [591].
Legislature of Virginia, M.'s elections to, 1, [164], [202], [211], [212], [228], [242], 2, [54], [130], [159];
aspect and character after the Revolution, 1, [200-02], [205-08];
M.'s colleagues (1782), [203];
organisation (1782), [203];
M.'s committee appointments, [204], [213];
regulation of elections, [207];
commutable act, [207];
citizenship bill, [208];
relief bill for Thomas Paine, [213];
loyalists, [214];
insulted, [215];
avoids just debt, [215];
and amendment of State Constitution, [216];
Potomac River improvement, [217], [218];
chancery act, [218-20];
religious freedom, [221], [222];
British debts, [224-31];
and Confederate impost, [233];
and Continental debt, [234], [235];
and Confederate navigation acts, [234], [235];
foreign extradition act, [235-41];
calling of Ratification Convention, [244-48];
hope of Anti-Constitutionalists in, [462], [463], [468];
and Clinton's letter for second Federal Convention, [477];
attempt to undo Ratification, 2, [48-51], [57 n.];
measures (1789), [55-57];
ratifies first ten Federal amendments, [57], [58];
on assumption of State debts, [65-69];
and Federal suits on British debts, [83];
and suits against States, [83];
hostility to Bank of United States, [84];
and investigation of Hamilton, [84];
resolutions on Jay Treaty, [131-37];
virtual censure of Washington, [137-40];
Federal constitutional amendments proposed by, [141-43];
cold address to Washington (1796), [149-52];
and compromise on Fairfax estate, [208];
M. foretells Virginia Resolutions, [395];
passage of the Resolutions, [399];
Madison's address of the majority, [400], [401];
M.'s address of the minority, [402-06];
military measures, [406], [408];
proposed appropriation to defend Callender, 3, [38 n.];
Olmstead case and Nationalism, 4, [21 n.];
censure of M'Culloch vs. Maryland and restrictions on Missouri, [324-27];
proposed amendment on Federal Judiciary, [371], [378];
and Nullification, [558], [567-73].
See also House of Burgesses.
Leigh, Benjamin Watkins, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [502 n.];
Virginia commission to South Carolina, [573];
tribute to M., [590];
and Quoit Club memorial to M., [592].
Leigh, Nicholas, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Leipzig, battle of, 4, [51].
Leopard-Chesapeake affair, 3, [475-77], 4, [9].
Letcher, Robert P., attack on Supreme Court, 4, [394].
Lewis, B., sells house to M., 1, [189].
Lewis, Morgan, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [409 n.]
Lewis, William, in Fries trial, 3, [35].
Lewis, William B., as Jackson's adviser, 4, [532 n.]
Lewis, William D., on opinion in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [289 n.]
Lex Mercatoria, as a vade mecum, 1, [186 n.]
Lexington, Ky., and Jay Treaty, 2, [118].
Liberty, J. Q. Adams on genuine, 2, [17], [18].
See also Government.
Libraries, in colonial Virginia, 1, [25].
License, unconstitutionally of State, of importers, 4, [454-59].
Lincoln, Abraham, resemblance to M., 4, [92], [93];
M.'s M'Culloch vs. Maryland opinion and Gettysburg Address, [293 n.];
as expounding M.'s doctrines, [344];
and Union and slavery, [473].
Lincoln, Benjamin, and the militia, 1, [86];
on Shays's Rebellion and Ratification, [343], [347 n.];
and Embargo, 4, [16].
Lincoln, Levi, midnight-appointments myth, 2, [561], [562];
and Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [126];
commission on Georgia cession, [574 n.];
and Justiceship, 4, [108], [109].
Lindsay vs. Commissioners, 3, [613].
Linn, James, and election of Jefferson, reward, 3, [81 n.]
Liston, Robert, and Bowles, 2, [498].
Literature, in colonial Virginia, 1, [24], [25], [43];
M.'s taste and reading, [41], [44-46], 4, [79], [80];
M.'s book-buying, 1, [184-86], 2, [170];
Weems's orders for books (c. 1806), 3, [252 n.], [253 n.]
Little vs. Barreme, 3, [273 n.]
Livermore, Samuel, on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54].
Livingston, Brockholst, on Fletcher vs. Peck, 3, [585];
appearance, 4, [132];
and Dartmouth College case, [255-57], [258 n.], [275];
death, [256 n.]
Livingston, Edward, and Jonathan Robins case, 2, [461], [474];
and Wilkinson's reign of terror, 3, [335];
Jefferson's hatred, [335 n.];
Batture litigation, Jefferson case, 4, [100-16];
later career, [115 n.];
Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, [562].
Livingston, John R. See North River Steamboat Co. vs. Livingston.
Livingston, Robert R., and steamboat experiments, 4, [398], [399];
grants of steamboat monopoly in New York, [399];
and steamboats on the Mississippi, monopoly in Louisiana, [402], [414];
monopoly and interstate voyages, [403], [404];
suits, [405-09].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Livingston, William, on militia, 1, [86];
on evils of paper money, [296].
Livingston vs. Jefferson, 4, [100-16].
Livingston vs. Van Ingen, 4, [405-09].
Loan certificates. See Craig vs. Missouri.
Localism, and isolation, 4, [191].
See also Nationalism; State Rights.
Logan, ——, on Ratification in Virginia, 1, [445].
London, John, and Granville heirs case, 4, [155 n., 156 n.]
Longstreet, William, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [546-48].
Lord, John K., acknowledgment to, 4, [233 n.]
Lotteries, popularity, 2, [56 n.];
for public funds, 4, [344 n.]
See also Cohens vs. Virginia.
Louis XVI and early French Revolution, 2, [31 n.]
Louisiana, admission as reason for secession, 4, [27];
grant of steamship monopoly, [402], [414].
Louisiana Purchase, retrocession to France, 3, [146];
Jefferson and problem of New Orleans, [146];
treaty, [147];
Jefferson's dilemma, [147-49];
attitude of Federalists, [148-53].
Louisville, first steamboat, 4, [403 n.]
Love, William, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [488].
Lovejoy, King, and Ratification, 1, [341].
Lovell, Sarah (Marshall), 1, [485].
Lowell, John, on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, 3, [543 n.];
as British partisan, 4, [9];
opposition to War of 1812, [45], [46];
on impressment, [53].
Lowdermilk, Will H., on Braddock's defeat, 1, [2 n.-6 n.]
Lowndes, William, and War of 1812, 4, [29];
on Bank of the United States, [289].
Lowrie, Walter, on Missouri question, 4, [342].
Loyalists, Virginia post-Revolutionary legislation, 1, [214];
support Ratification, [423 n.];
attitude (1794), 2, [110];
Federalists accused of favoring, 3, [32];
in M.'s biography of Washington, [245].
Lucas, John C. B., and Addison, 3, [47 n.]
Lucius letters, 2, [543 n.]
Luckett, John R. N., and Adair, 3, [336].
Lumpkin, Wilson, defies Supreme Court in Cherokee question, 4, [548], [551], [552 n.]
Lusk, Thomas, in Ratification Convention, 1, [346].
Lynch, Charles, and Burr, 3, [313].
Lynchburg, Va., tribute to M., 4, [591].
Lyon, Matthew, conviction for sedition, 3, [30], [31];
lottery to aid, [32];
Jefferson's favor, [81 n.];
and Burr, [292].
Lyons, Peter of Virginia Court of Appeals, 4, [148].
McAlister, Matthew, and Yazoo lands, 3, [555].
McCaleb, Walter F., on isolation of Burr, 3, [280 n.];
on Burr-Merry intrigue, [289 n.];
on Burr-Casa Yrujo intrigue, [290 n.], [300 n.];
on Morgans, [309 n.];
study of Burr conspiracy, [538 n.]
M'Castle, Doctor, in Burr conspiracy, 3, [491].
Maclay, Samuel, on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
of Smith committee, [541 n.]
McCleary, Michael, witness against Pickering, reward, 3, [181 n.]
McClung, James, professor at William and Mary, 1, [155 n.]
McClurg, James, Richmond physician, 1, [189 n.]
M'Culloch, James W. See M'Culloch vs. Maryland.
M'Culloch vs. Maryland, importance and underlying conditions, 4, [282], [290], [304], [308];
agreed case, facts, [283], [331];
public interest, [283];
counsel, [284];
argument, [285-88];
acquiescence in power to establish bank, [285], [291];
scope of implied powers, [285], [286], [294-301], [316], [337];
M.'s opinion, [289-308];
preparation of opinion, [290];
Federal government established by the people, [292];
supremacy of National laws, [293];
sources of power to establish bank, [295];
Federal freedom of choice of instruments, [301];
Federal instruments exempt from State taxation, [304-07];
and National taxation of State banks, [307], [308];
National powers paramount over State power of taxation, [302-04];
attack on opinion in Niles' Register, [309-12];
bank as monopoly, [310], [311], [338];
opinion as political issue, union of attack with slavery and secession questions, [311], [314], [325-27], [338], [339];
opinion as opportunity for Virginia attack on M., [312];
Roane's attack, [312-17];
M. and attacks, his reply, [314], [315], [318-23];
attack on concurring Republican Justices, [317];
Roane buys and M. sells bank stock, [317], [318];
demand for another court, [323], [325];
censure by Virginia Legislature, [324-27];
denunciation by Ohio Legislature, [330-33];
action by other States, [333-35];
denial of power to erect bank, [334], [336], [337];
Taylor's attack, [335-39];
Jefferson's comment, [339];
Jackson denies authority of decision, [530-32].
McDonald, Anthony, as teaching hatter, 1, [272].
McDonald, Joseph E., on M. as a lover, 1, [163 n.]
McDuffie, George, and non-intercourse with tariff States, 4, [538].
McGrane, R. C., acknowledgment to, 4, [318 n.]
McHenry, James, forced resignation, 2, [485];
on M. and State portfolio, [489];
on Adams's temperament, [489 n.];
on Federalist dissensions, [521];
and sedition trial, 3, [32].
M'Ilvaine vs. Coxe's Lessee, 4, [54 n.]
M'Intosh, Lachlan, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547].
McKean, Thomas, in Ratification Convention, 1, [330], [332];
and pardon of Fries, 2, [429].
Mackie, ——, Richmond physician, 1, [189 n.]
M'Lean, John, relief bill, 1, [204].
McLean, Justice John, appointment, 4, [510];
dissent in Craig vs. Missouri, [513];
and M., [582];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583], [584 n.]
Macon, Nathaniel, and Chase impeachment, 3, [170].
MacRae, Alexander, prosecutes Burr, 3, [407];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [437];
on M.'s statement of prosecution's expectation of conviction, [448];
on overt act, [494];

in trial for misdemeanor, [522].
Madison, Bishop James, as professor at William and Mary, 1, [155].
Madison, James, as statesman, 1, [32];
in the Legislature, [203];
on post-Revolutionary Legislature, [205], [206];
on amendment of constitutions, [216];
and British debts, [226], [228];
and payment of Continental debt, [235], [440];
and extradition bill, [236], [239];
loses faith in democracy, [252], [300];
on state of trade (1785), [262];
use of cipher, [266 n.];
on community isolation, [285];
on demand for division of property, [294];
on spirit of repudiation, [295], [306];
fear of paper money, [297 n.];
on failure of requisitions, [305 n.];
on economic basis of evils under Confederation, [310], [311];
on need of uniform control of commerce, [312];
on need of negative on State acts, [312];
on opposition in Pennsylvania to Ratification, [338];
change of views, [338], [401], 2, [46], [50], [79];
on Ratification contest in Massachusetts, 1, [339];
on Hancock, [339 n.];
on Massachusetts amendments, [349];
on contest in New Hampshire, [355];
and Randolph's attitude on Ratification, [362], [363], [377];
on delegates to the Virginia Convention, [367];
in Ratification Convention: and detailed debate, [370];
and offer of conciliation, [384];
on prospects of Convention, [384], [434], [462];
participation in debate deferred, [384];
characterized, [394];
in the debate in Convention, [394], [395], [397], [421], [428], [430-32], [440], [442], [449], [470];
compared with Hamilton, [397 n.];
on Oswald at Richmond, [402];
on opposition's policy of delay, [434];
on treaty-making power, [442];
and gradual consolidation, [446];
on Judiciary, [449];
on Judiciary debate, [461], [462];
in contest over recommendatory amendments, [473];
on personal influence in Ratification, [476];
on Publicola papers, 2, [15 n.], [19];
influence on, of popularity of French Revolution, [20], [27];
on opposition after Ratification, [45];
defeated for Senate, [49], [50];
elected to the House, [50 n.];
attacks M. (1793), [99], [100];
and M.'s integrity, [140];
and appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [227], [281];
on X. Y. Z. dispatches, [340];
on Alien Act, [382];
Virginia Resolutions, [399];
address of the Legislature, [400], [401];
and Adams's Cabinet, [487];
on Washington's and Adams's temperaments, [487 n.];
on champagne, 3, [10 n.];
and Marbury vs. Madison, [110], [111], [126];
on declaring acts void, [115 n.], [120 n.];
and Judiciary Act of 1789, [129];
and M.'s biography of Washington, [228], [229];
and Miranda, [300], [301];
and trial of Burr, [390-92];
and Andrew Jackson, [405];
and Ogden-Smith trial, [436 n.];
and J. Q. Adams, [541 n.];
on obligation of contracts, [558 n.], 4, [245];
commission on Georgia cession, 3, [574 n.];
inauguration, [585];
and Fletcher vs. Peck, [593];
and Olmstead case, 4, [21];
Erskine incident, [22];
and Minister Jackson, [23];
and Napoleon's pretended revocation of decrees, [26], [36-39], [48-50];
War Message, [29];
M. proposed as opponent for Presidency (1812), [31-34];
dismisses Smith, [34];
and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, [53];
Jefferson and appointment of Tyler as District Judge, [103-06];
and successor to Justice Cushing, [106-10];
and first Bank of the United States, [172];
and second Bank, [180];
and attack on Judiciary, [371], [378];
veto of Bonus Bill, [417];
Randolph's arraignment, [419];
on commerce clause, [423 n.];
and American Colonization Society, [474], [476 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
conservatism there, [489], [507];
and tenure of judges of abolished court, [496], [500];
on Nullification, [556];
M. on it, [557];
later explanation of Virginia Resolves, [557].
Mail, conditions (c. 1790), 1, [264-66];
secrecy violated, [266].
Maine, Sir Henry S., on Dartmouth College case, 4, [277].
Maine, and Nullification, 4, [559].
Majority, decrease in faith of rule by, 1, [252], [253];
rights, 2, [17];
M. on rule, [402].
See also Democracy; Government.
Malaria, in Washington, 3, [6].
Mandamus jurisdiction of Supreme Court in Judiciary Act of 1789, M.'s opinion of unconstitutionality, 3, [127], [128], [132], [133];
general acceptance of jurisdiction, [128-30].
Manhattan Company, Burr and charter, 3, [287 n.]
Manufactures, M. on conditions in France (1797), 2, [267], [268];
effect of War of 1812, 4, [57].
Marbury, William, Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [110].
Marbury vs. Madison, underlying question, 3, [49], [50], [75], [104-09], [116], [118], [127], [131], [142];
references to, in Judiciary debate (1802), [61 n.], [63], [78], [80], [86];
expected granting of mandamus, [62 n.], [90 n.], [112];
arguments anticipated, M.'s knowledge of earlier statements, [75], [116-20], [611-13];
facts of case, [110], [111];
as vehicle for assertion of constitutional authority of Judiciary, dilemma and its solution, [111], [126-33];
dangers in M.'s course, [111-14];
M.'s personal interest, [124], [125];
practical unimportance of case, [125];
hearing, [125], [126];
M.'s opinion, [133-42];
right to commission, [133-35];
mandamus as remedy, [135];
unconstitutionality of Court's mandamus jurisdiction, [136-38];
declaring acts void, [138-42];
opinion and assault on Judiciary, [143], [153], [155];
Jefferson and opinion, [143], [144], [153], [431], [432], 4, [363];
little notice of decision, 3, [153-55];
first citation, [154 n.]
Marietta, Ohio, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [312], [324].
Marine Corps, debate in Congress (1800), 2, [446-48].
Markham, Elizabeth, 1, [14], [16].
Markham, Lewis, 1, [16].
Marriage, Henry's plan for intermarriage of whites and Indians, 1, [240 n.], [241].
Marryat, Frederick, on newspaper abuse, 4, [175 n.];
on Localism, [191].
Marsh, Charles, and Dartmouth College case, 4, [256], [258].
Marshall, Abraham, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Marshall, Alexander, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [38 n.]
Marshall, Ann, Mrs. Smith, 1, [485].
Marshall, Charles, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [38 n.]
Marshall, Charlotte, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [56 n.]
Marshall, Edward C, M.'s son, birth, 4, [73 n.];
education, [73].
Marshall, Elizabeth (Markham), M.'s grandmother, 1, [14], [16];
bequest in husband's will, [485], [486].
Marshall, Elizabeth, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [34 n.]
Marshall, Elizabeth, acknowledgment to, 4, [528 n.]
Marshall, Hester (Morris), 2, [203].
Marshall, Humphrey, as delegate to Ratification Convention, 1, [320];
on popular fear of Constitution, [321 n.];
votes for ratification, [411 n.];
and Jay Treaty, 2, [118];
and Burr conspiracy, 3, [315], [317];
on Embargo and secession, 4, [17].
Marshall, Jacquelin A., M.'s son, birth, 1, [190 n.], 4, [73 n.];
education, [73].
Marshall, James K., M.'s son, birth, 2, [453], 4, [73 n.];
education, [73];
M.'s home with, [528].
Marshall, James M., M.'s brother, birth, 1, [38 n.];
M. helps, [197];
and imprisonment of Lafayette, 2, [33];
and Fairfax estate, [100], [203-11];
and M.'s business affairs, [173 n.];
marriage to Morris's daughter, [203];
and M. in Europe, [232 n.];
staff office in French War, [357];
Federal appointment as nepotism, [560 n.];
witness in Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [126].
See also Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Marshall, Jane, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [56 n.];
M. and love affair, 2, [174], [175];
marriage, [175 n.]
Marshall, John, M.'s grandfather, career, 1, [12], [13];
will, [485];
deed from William Marshall, [487], [488].
Marshall, John, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Marshall, John,
early years and private life:
birth, 1, [6];
Randolph and Isham ancestry, [10];
similarity in conditions of Jefferson's birth, [11 n.];
Marshall ancestry, real and traditional, [12-16];
Keith ancestry, [16];
boyhood homes and migrations, [33-37], [55];
boyhood life, [38-41];
education, [42], [53], [57];
and his father, [42];
reading, Pope's poems, [44-46];
training in order, [45];
influence of Lord Fairfax on training, [49 n.];
influence of James Thompson, [54];
reads Blackstone, [56];
to be a lawyer, [56];
military training, [56];
training from father's service as burgess, [65], [66];
drilling master for other youths, [70];
patriotic speeches (1775), [72];
at battle of Great Bridge, [76], [78];
lieutenant in the line, [79], [91];
on militia during the Revolution, [85], [100];
military promotions, [91], [138];
spirit as army officer, [91];
in Brandywine campaign, [93-97];
in the retreat, [99];
in battle of Germantown, [102];
cheerful influence at Valley Forge, [117-19], [132];
Deputy Judge Advocate, [119];
judicial training in army, [119];
in Monmouth campaign, [135], [137];
on Lee at Monmouth, [137];
Stony Point, [139], [140];
Pawles Hook, [142];
inaction, awaiting a command, [143], [161];
and Arnold's invasion, [144];
meeting with future wife, courting, relations with Ambler family, [152-54], [159-61], [163];
at William and Mary, extent of law studies, [154], [155], [160], [161], [174-76];
in Phi Beta Kappa, [158];
in debating society, [159];
licensed to practice law, [161];
resigns commission, [162];
walks to Philadelphia to be inoculated, [162];
marriage, [165], [166];
financial circumstances at time of marriage, [166-69];
slaves, [167], [180];
social effect of marriage, [170];
first Richmond home, [170];
lack of legal equipment, [173], [176];
early account books, [176-81], [184-90], [197];
early fees and practice, [177], [181], [184], [187], [190], [196];
children, [179], [190], 2, [370 n.], [453], 4, [72-74];
and Gallatin (1784), 1, [183];
buys military certificates, [184];
Fauquier land from father, [186];
as a Mason, [187], 2, [176];
City Recorder, 1, [188];
later Richmond home and neighbors, [189], 2, [171];
first prominent case, Hite vs. Fairfax, 1, [191-96];
employed by Washington, [196];
buys Fauquier land, [196];
Robert Morris's lawyer, [401 n.];
list of cases, [567-70];
and James River Company, 2, [56];
profits from legal practice, [169-71], [201];
and new enterprises, [174];
method as pleader, [177-82], [192-96];
extent of legal knowledge, [178];
neglect of precedents, [179];
statement of cases, [180], [181];
character of cases, [181];
in Ware vs. Hylton, on British debts, [186-92];
and Robert Morris, investments, [199], [200];
Fairfax estate, [203-11], [371], [372], 3, [223], [224], 4, [148-50], [150 n.], [152], [157];
financial reasons for accepting X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [211-13];
biography of Washington (see Biography);
as Beaumarchais's attorney, [292];
interest in stability of contracts, 3, [582];
life in Washington, 4, [80], [81];
illness, operation for stone, [518], [520-24], [528];
will, [525 n.];
later residence, [527];
decline, [586], [587];
death, [587];
escort of body to Richmond, [588];
funeral, [588];
inscription on tomb, [593].
Virginia Legislature, Ratification, and later State affairs:
elections to Legislature, 1, [164], [202], [211], [212], [228], [242], 2, [54], [130], [159];
character as legislator, 1, [202];
committee appointments and routine work, [204], [213], [218], [368], 2, [54-56], [141];
first votes, 1, [204];
on character of Legislature, [206-08];
elected to Council of State, [209];
election resented, forced out, [209], [211], [212];
political importance of membership in Council, [209 n.], [210];
and Revolutionary veterans, [213];
and relief for Thomas Paine, [213];
and loyalists, [214];
on amendment of Constitution, [216];
and Potomac Company, [218];
and chancery bill (1787), [218-20];
indifference to religious freedom question, [220], [222];
and British debts, [222], [225-31];
and Continental debt and navigation acts, [234], [235];
and extradition bill, [240];
and intermarriage of whites and Indians, [240 n.], [241];
and calling of Ratification Convention, [242], [246], [247];
on Shays's Rebellion, [298], [299], [300 n.], [302];
practical influences on stand for Ratification, [313], [314];
on opposition to Ratification, [356];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, [364];
importance in the Convention, [367];
in the Convention: study, [391];
on Philips attainder case, [393 n.], [411];
social influence in Convention, [409];
in the debate, [409-20], [436-38], [450-61];
on necessity of well-ordered government, [409-11];
on navigation of the Mississippi, [411];
on necessity of delegated powers, [412], [413];
on Federal taxation, [413-16], [419];
on amendments, [412], [418];
on control of militia and preparedness, [436-38];
on concurrent powers, [436];
and Henry, [438], [464];
on Federal Judiciary, [450-61];
on independence of Judiciary, [451], [459];
on declaring acts void, [452], [453], 2, [18];
on suits against States, 1, [454];
on discretion in Congress, [454];
on other jurisdiction, [455];
on jury trial, [456], [457];
of committee on amendments, [477];
on opposition after Ratification, 2, [45 n.];
survey and report on Virginia internal improvements, 4, [42-45];
and Bank of Virginia incident, [194];
election to Constitutional Convention, [467];
attitude on issues there, [468], [470], [471], [488], [507], [508];
standing there, [489];
in debate on Judiciary, [489-501];
and on suffrage, [502];
anticipates split of Virginia, [571].
Federal affairs:
relationship with Jefferson, 1, [9];
on early approbation of French Revolution, 2, [4];
on St. Domingo negro insurrection, [20], [21];
on popular enthusiasm for French Revolution, [22], [23];
on conservative American opinion, [23];
and imprisonment of Lafayette, [32-34];
and democratic societies, [41];
on origin of State Rights contest, [48];
and Madison's candidacy for Senate, [50];
declines Federal appointments, [53];
and first amendments, [58];
and attack on assumption, [65], [66];
continued popularity, [78];
Jefferson's attempt to sidetrack him (1792), [79-81];
refuses to stand for Congress (1792), [81];
on opposition to Federal excise, [87];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [89], [90];
Brigadier-General of Militia, [90];
on assault on Neutrality Proclamation, [93], [94], [96];
support of policy of neutrality, [97-99], [235], [387], [402], [403], [507-09];
first Republican attacks on, [98-103];
and post at New Orleans (1793), [99];
attacks on character, [101-03], [409], [410];
military enforcement of neutrality, [103-06];
on British depredations on neutral trade (1794), [108];
on retention of frontier posts, [111];
leader of Virginia Federalists, [122];
refuses Cabinet offers, [122], [123], [147];
advises on Cabinet appointments, [124-26], [132];
defense of Jay Treaty, [126], [129 n.];
and Jay Treaty resolutions of Legislature, [133-37];
on treaty-making power (1795), [134-36];
and Legislature's indirect censure of Washington, [138], [140];
Jefferson's accusation of hypocrisy (1795), [139], [140];
and proposed amendments, [141];
declines French mission (1796), [144-46];
and Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, [149-55];
sounds Henry on presidential candidacy (1796), [156-58];
and Virginia address to Washington (1796), [159-62];
growth of the Jefferson feud, [165];
and Federalist leaders (1796), [198];
declines Jay Treaty commissionship, [200-02];
X. Y. Z. Mission [see this title];
on John Adams (1797), [214];
Adams on, [218];
on The Hague, [231];
on 18th Fructidor, [232], [236-44];
on conditions in Holland (1797), [233-35];
on conditions at Antwerp, [246], [247];
on French economic conditions, [267-70];
on Treaty of Campo Formio, [271];
on French military and financial conditions, [321-23];
on liberty and excess of press, [331];
refuses Associate Justiceship, [347], [378], [379];
beginning of Jefferson's open warfare, [358];
Washington persuades him to run for Congress (1798), [374-78];
Republican attacks on candidacy, M. on attacks, [379], [395], [396], [407], [409], [410];
on expediency of Alien and Sedition Acts, [386], [388], [389], 3, [106];
answers to queries on principles, 2, [386-89], [574-77];
Federalists on views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [389-94], [406];
on motives of Virginia Republicans, [394], [407];
address of minority of Virginia Legislature, [402-06];
on rule of the majority, [402];
on preparedness, [403], [476-80], [531];
attack on Virginia Resolutions, [404];
on constitutionality of Alien and Sedition Acts, [404];
electioneering, [409];
defeat expected, [410];
effect of Henry's support, [410-13];
at the polls, [413-16];
elected, [416];
Washington's congratulations, [416];

apology to Washington for statements of supporters, [416], [417];
Federalists on election, their misgivings, [417-19];
Jefferson on election, [419];
and officers for army (1799), [420];
visit to father in Kentucky, Jefferson's fear of political mission, [421], [422];
and French hostility as Federalist asset, [422];
approves reopening of French negotiations, [428], [433], [436];
importance to Federalists in Congress, [432], [436], [437];
of committee to notify President, [432];
reply of House to Adams's address, [433-36];
on question of reducing army (1800), [436], [439], [476-81];
on campaign plots and issues, [438-40];
addresses on death of Washington, [440-43];
and phrase "first in war," [443-45];
use of term "American Nation," [441];
activity in Congress, [445];
and cession of Western Reserve, [446];
and powers of territorial Governor, [446];
and army officers' insult of Randolph, [446];
and Marine Corps Bill, debate with Randolph, [446-48];
and land grants for veterans, [448];
attitude towards slavery (1800), [449], [450];
votes to repeal Sedition Act, [451];
political independence, [451], [452];
kills Disputed Elections Bill, [455-58];
and delay in Jonathan Robins case, [462], [463];
importance and oratory of speech on case, [464], [473];
arguments in speech, [465-71];
on jurisdiction on high seas, [465-67];
on basis of piracy, [467];
on limitation to jurisdiction of Federal Courts, [468-70];
on incidental judicial powers of Executive, [470];
on President as sole organ in external relations, [470];
comments and effect of speech, [471-75];
Jefferson's blindness to merit, [475];
and Bankruptcy Bill, [481], [482];
refuses War portfolio, [485];
appointment as Secretary of State, [486], [489], [491];
Republican comment on appointment, [490], [492];
Federalist comment, [492];
as Secretary, incidents of service, [493], [494], [499];
and office-seekers, [494];
and pardon of Williams, [495];
and continued depredations on neutral trade, [496];
and Sandwich incident, [496];
and Bowles's activity in Florida, [497-99];
and Barbary Powers, [499];
and disruption of British-debts commission and proposed compromise, [502-05];
instructions to King on British depredations, [506-14];
on unwarranted increase of contraband list, [509-11];
on paper blockade, [511];
on unfairness of British admiralty courts, [511], [512];
on impressment, [513];
and breaking-up of Federalist Party, [514], [515], [526];
loses control of district, [515];
and prospects of new French negotiations, [522], [523];
and French treaty, [525];
writes Adams's address to Congress, [530], [531];
on need of navy, [531];
and extension of Federal Judiciary, [531], [548];
and Washington Federalist, [532 n.], [541], [547 n.];
neutrality in Jefferson-Burr contest, [536-38];
personal interest in it, [538], [539];
effect of his neutrality, [539];
opinion of Jefferson (1800), [537];
and threatened deadlock, [541-43];
Fairfax estate and Judiciary Bill (1801), [551];
continues as Secretary of State, [558];
and judgeship for Wolcott, [559], [560];
and midnight appointments, myth concerning, [559], [561], [562];
and accusation of nepotism, [560 n.];
in defeat of party, 3, [11];
and Republican success, [15];
on Jefferson's inaugural, [18];
and Callender trial, [39];
on trials for violating Neutrality Proclamation, [26];
on settlement of British debts controversy, [103];
on political conditions (1802), [104];
opposition to War of 1812 and hatred of France, 4, [1-3], [15], [35-41], [49], [50], [55], [125];
opposition to Embargo, [14], [15];
on Jackson incident and Federalist defeat (1809), [24], [25];
proposed for President (1812), [31-34], [46], [47];
and Richmond Vigilance Committee, [41 n.];
refrains from voting, [462], [465];
incident of election of 1828, [462-65];
on House election of Adams, [462 n.];
on Jackson's inauguration, [466];
and American Colonization Society, [473-76];
and Jackson's war on the Bank, [528], [533], [535];
on Virginia and Jackson's veto of Harbor Bill, [534];
and election of 1832, [534];
and Indian policy, [542 n.]
Chief Justice:
Appointment, 2, [553];
Adams on qualifications, [554]:
reception of appointment, [555-57];
acceptance, [557], [558];
Jefferson and appointment, [652], 3, [20];
general inappreciation of appointment, 2, [563];
change in delivery of opinions, 3, [16];
Amelia case, law of prize, [16], [17];
Wilson vs. Mason, Kentucky land case, [17];
United States vs. Peggy, treaty as supreme law, [17];
Turner vs. Fendall, practice and evidence, [18];
influence of Alien and Sedition Acts on career, [49];
and assault on the Judiciary (1802), [50], [75];
Judiciary Act of 1801 and acceptance of Chief Justiceship, [58];
and Giles, [76 n.];
Giles's sneer at and Bayard's reply, [77];
and annulment of repeal of Judiciary Act, [85], [91], [92], [93 n.], [95-97], [122], [123], 4, [489], [490];
on circuit, 3, [101-03], 4, [63-66];
preparation for assertion of constitutional authority of Judiciary, [104], [109];
Marbury vs. Madison [see this title];
American Insurance Co. vs. Canter, annexation and territorial government, 3, [148], 4, [143], [144];
removal by impeachment planned, his fear of it, 3, [155], [161-63], [176-79], [192], [196];
United States vs. Fisher, implied powers, [162];
importance of Chase trial to, [175-79], [191], [192], [196], [220], [222];
suggests legislative reversal of judicial opinions, [177], [178];
Randolph's tribute to, in Chase trial, its political importance, [188], [214-16];
as witness in trial, [192-96];
early opinions, [273];
and rumors on Burr Conspiracy, [338];
and habeas corpus for Swartwout and Bollmann, [346];
opinion on their discharge, effect of misunderstanding of statement on presence at overt act, [349-57], [414 n.], [484], [493], [496], [502], [506-09];
rebukes of Jefferson's conduct, [351], [376];
warrant for Burr's arrest, [370];
preliminary hearing and opinion, [370], [372-79];
conduct and position during Burr trial, [375], [397], [404], [407], [408], [413 n.], [421], [423], [480], [483], [484], [494], [517], [526];
Jefferson's criticism of preliminary hearing, [386-89];
at dinner with Burr, [394-97];
on difficulty of fair trial, [401];
and counsel at trial, [408];
and selection of grand Jury 409, [410], [413];
instructions to grand jury, [413-15], [442], [451];
and new motion to commit for treason, [415], [416], [421], [422], [424], [425], [428];
and subpœna to Jefferson, [434], [443-17], [455], [518-22];
admonition to counsel, [439];
opinion on overt act, [442], [504-13], [619-26];
on prosecution's expectation of conviction, [447-49];
and pardon for Bollmann, [452], [453];
and attachment against Wilkinson, [473], [475];
and confinement of Burr, [474], [478];
and selection of petit jury, [475], [482];
seeks advice of associates, [480];
on preliminary proof of overt act, [485-87];
and threat of impeachment, [500], [501], [503], [512], [516];
on testimony not on specified overt act, [512], [542];
and irregular verdict, [514];
denies further trial for treason, [515];
and bail after treason verdict, [516];
and commitment for trial in Ohio, [524], [527], [528], [531 n.];
Burr's anger at, [524], [528];
and Daveiss's pamphlet, [525];
attacks on for trial, [526], [532-35], [540];
on trial and Baltimore tumult, [529];
Jefferson urges impeachment, [530-32];
Baltimore mob burns him in effigy, [535-40];
J. Q. Adams's report on Burr trial, [542], [543];
later relations with Adams, [542 n.];
foreign affairs prevent efforts to impeach, [545];
importance of Fletcher vs. Peck opinion, [556], [593], [602];
knowledge of Granger's memorial on Yazoo claims, [576 n.];
and of congressional debate on it, [582];
administers oath to Madison, [585];
hearings and opinion in Fletcher vs. Peck, Yazoo claims and obligation of contract, [585-91];
congressional denunciation of opinion, [595-601];
rebukes resistance of National authority by State, opinion in Olmstead case, 4, [18-20];
checks reaction against Nationalism, [58];
period of creative labor, [59];
influence over associates, causes, [59-61], [444];
conduct on the bench, [82];
life and consultation of Justices, [86-89];
character of control over Supreme Court, [89], [90];
popularity with the bar, [94];
encourages argument, [94 n.], [95];
Story as supplementing, [96], [119], [120], [523];
Story's devotion, [99], [523];
Livingston vs. Jefferson, Jefferson's manipulation of colleague, [104-16];
Nationalism and upholding of doubtful acts of Congress, suppression of personal feelings, [117], [546];
Adventure case, interpretation of Embargo, [118];
obiter dicta, [121], [369];
and international law, [121];
Exchange case, immunity of foreign man-of-war, [121-25];
United States vs. Palmer, Divina Pastora, international status of revolted province, belligerency, [126-28];
dissent in Venus case, domicil during war and enemy character, [128], [129];
Nereid case, neutral property in enemy ship, [136-42];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [145], [148-50], [150 n.], [152-155], [157], [161], [164];
Granville heirs case, [154], [155];
private letter on Hunter decision, [164 n., 165 n.];
decisions of 1819 as remedies for National ills, [168], [169], [203], [208], [220];
Sturges vs. Crowninshield, State insolvency laws and obligation of contracts, [209-19];
New Jersey vs. Wilson, exemption from taxation and obligation of contracts, [221-23];
and Dartmouth College case, [251], [252], [255], [259 n.], [261], [273], [274];
opinion in case, charters and obligation of contracts, [261-73];
consequences of opinion, [276-81];
importance and aim of M'Culloch vs. Maryland opinion, [282], [308];
on Pinkney, [287];
tribute to argument of case, [288];
opinion in case, [289-308];
debt of Webster and Lincoln to, [293 n.], [553], [554];
attacks on opinion, [309-17], [323-27], [330-39];
and change in reputation of Supreme Court, [310];
on attacks reply to them, [312], [314], [315], [318-23];
sells bank stock, [318];
importance and purpose of Cohens vs. Virginia, [342];
opinion in case, [347-57];
on attacks on opinion, [359-62];
Jefferson's attack (1821), [363-66];
Taylor's attack on Nationalist doctrine, [367];
as center of strife over political theories, [370];
on Johnson's Elkison opinion, [383];
opinion in Osborn vs. Bank, [385-94];
satisfying disposition of cases, [393], [394];
importance and effect of Gibbons vs. Ogden, [413], [423], [429], [446], [447], [450];
opinion in Brig Wilson vs. United States, navigation, [428], [429];
opinion in Gibbons vs. Ogden, control over commerce, [429-43];
tribute to Kent, [430], [441];
reception of opinion, [445];
change in congressional attitude toward, [452], [454];
opinion in Brown vs. Maryland, foreign commerce, [455-59];
warning to Nullifiers, [459];
survival of opinions, [460];
character of last decade, [461], [518], [581], [582];
Antelope case, slave trade and international law, [476], [477];
Boyce vs. Anderson, common carriers and transportation of slaves, [478];
dissent in Ogden vs. Saunders, insolvency laws and future contracts, [481];
opinion in Craig vs. Missouri, State bills of credit, [510];
on Supreme Court and threats of disunion, [512], [513];
anticipates reaction in Supreme Court, [513], [514], [582], [584];
on proposed repeal of appellate jurisdiction, [514];
question of resignation, [519-21];
and homage of Philadelphia bar, [521];
Jackson's denial of authority of opinions, [530-32];
and Georgia-Cherokee contest, [542];
opinion in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, Indians not foreign nation, [544-46];
rebukes Jackson's attitude toward contest, [546];
opinion in Worcester vs. Georgia, control over Indians, [549-51];
mandate ignored, [551];
opinions and Jackson's Nullification Proclamation, [562], [563];
on Story's article on statesmen, [577];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583], [584 n., 585 n.];
in last term, [585];
last opinion, [585].
Characteristics, opinions and their development:
idea of Union in early training, 1, [9];
motto, [17];
filial and brotherly affection and care, [39], [196], 2, [174], [175];
influence of early environment, 1, [33], [41], [42];
poetry and novels, [41], 4, [79], [80];
appearance at nineteen, 1, [71];
at twenty-six, [151];
in middle age, 2, [166-69];
fighter, 1, [73];
humor, [73], 2, [111], [146], [181], [182], 4, [61], [62], [78], [82];
athletic ability, 1, [73], [118], [132];
nickname, [74], [132];
first lessons on need of organization, [78];
influence of army experience, [89], [90], [100], [126], [145-47], [244], [420];
sociability, generosity, conviviality, [152], [180], [187], [188], 2, [102], [483], 4, [78], [79];
as reader, 1, [153];
book-buying, [184-86], 2, [170];
negligent dress, 1, [163], 4, [61];
gossip, 1, [182], [183];
as letter-writer, negligent of correspondence, [183 n.], 4, [203 n.];
and drinking, 1, [186], 2, [102 n.], [332 n.], 4, [79];
sympathy, 1, [188];
and wife's invalidism, [198], 4, [66-71];
reverence for woman, 1, [198], 4, [71], [72];
handwriting, 1, [211];
early self-confidence, [211];
influence of service in Legislature, [216], [223], [231], [232], [244];
growth of Nationalism, [223], [231], [240], [242-44], [286], [287], 2, [77], [91], 4, [1], [55];
loses faith in democracy, 1, [252], [254], [294], [302], 3, [109], [265], 4, [4], [55], [93], [479-83], [488], [507];
characterized at Ratification Convention, 1, [408], [409];
as speaker, [409 n.], [420], 2, [188], [464];
argument by questions, 1, [457 n.];
influence of Ratification, [479];
influence of French Revolution, 2, [3], [4], [7-9], [20], [32], [34], [44];
preparation for Nationalistic leadership, [52];
integrity, [140], [563], 4, [90];
effect on, of abuse of Washington, 2, [163];
appreciation of own powers, [168];
and French language, [170 n.], [219];
trust, [173];
diversions, [182-85], 4, [66], [76-78];
La Rochefoucauld's analysis of character, 2, [196], [197];
ambitiousness, [197];
indolence, [197], [483];
domesticity, [214], [215], [217], [219], [220], [231], [284-86], [369-71], 4, [461], [532];
love of theater, 2, [217], [231];
influence of experiences in France, [287-89], 4, [2], [3], [15], [125];
peacefulness, 2, [369];
Sedgwick on character, [483], [484];
and popularity, [483];
good nature, [483], [484];
charm, [483], [484], [563], 4, [81], [90];
independence, 2, [484];
fearlessness, [484];
unappreciated masterfulness, [563];
and policy of isolation, 3, [14 n.];
light-heartedness, [102];
and honors, [271], 4, [89];
appearance in maturity, 3, [371];
and Burr contrasted, [371], [372];
on right of secession, [430];
impressiveness, [447];
prejudice-holding, 4, [2];
denies right of expatriation, [53-55];
not learned, [60];
simplicity of daily life, [61-63];
marketing, [61];
deliberateness, [62];
fondness for children, [63];
interest in agriculture, [63];
habits of thought and writing, [64], [67], [169], [220], [290];
abstraction, [64], [85];
religion, [69-71];
life at Fairfax estate, [74];
kindness, [75];
conscientiousness, [76];
lack of personal enemies, [78];
dislike of Washington formal society, [83-85];
as conversationalist, [85];
portraits, [85 n.], [522 n.];
dislike of publicity, [89];
character in general, [90];
resemblance to Lincoln, [92], [93];
and imprisonment for debt, [215], [216];
Roane's tribute, [313];
and criticism, [321];
humanness, [321];
contrasted with Jackson, [466];
on uplift and labor problem, [471];
and slavery, [472-79];
and death of wife, tribute to her memory, [524-27];

country's esteem, [578], [581 n.];
Story on green old age, [579];
on attitude toward Jefferson, [579], [580];
and Story's Commentaries and dedication to himself, [569], [576], [580], [581];
on Nullification, [556-59], [562], [569-72], [574], [575];
despondent over state of country, [575-78];
tributes at death, [589-92];
hostile criticism, [591];
Story's verses on, [592], [593].
Marshall, John, M.'s son, M. on, as baby, 2, [370];
birth, [370 n.], 4, [73 n.];
education, [73].
Marshall, John, New England skipper, 4, [223].
Marshall, Judith, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [38 n.]
Marshall, Louis, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [56 n.]
Marshall, Lucy, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [38 n.];
marriage, [166 n.];
M. helps, [197].
Marshall, Martha, M.'s putative great-grandmother, 1, [483].
Marshall, Mary, M.'s aunt, 1, [486].
Marshall, Mary, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [34 n.]
Marshall, Mary, M.'s daughter, Mrs. Jacquelin B. Harvie, 3, [192 n.], 4, [73];
birth, [73 n.]
Marshall, Mary Randolph (Keith), M.'s mother, ancestry and parents, 1, [10], [16-18];
education and character, [18], [19];
children, [19], [34], [38 n.], [56 n.]
Marshall, Mary W. (Ambler), courtship, 1, [148-54], [159], [160], [163];
marriage to M., [165], [166];
children, [179], [190], 2, [370 n.], [453], 4, [73 n.];
religion, 1, [189 n.], 4, [69];
items in M.'s account book, 1, [197];
invalid, M.'s devotion, [198], 2, [371 n.], 4, [66-69];
independent means, [524 n.];
death, M.'s tribute, [524-27].
Marshall, Nancy, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [56 n.]
Marshall, Peggy, M.'s aunt, 1, [486].
Marshall, Sarah, Mrs. Lovell, 1, [485].
Marshall, Susan, M.'s sister, birth, 1, [56 n.]
Marshall, Thomas, M.'s putative great grandfather, 1, [14];
will, [483], [484].
Marshall, Thomas, father of M., and Washington, 1, [7], [46];
and Braddock's expedition, [8];
similarity to Jefferson's father, [11];
birth, [13];
character, [19];
children, [19], [34], [38 n.], [56 n.];
as a frontiersman, [31];
settlement in Fauquier County, [33], [34];
migration to "The Hollow," [34-37];
appearance, [35];
slaves, [37 n.];
education, [42];
and M., [42];
influence of Lord Fairfax, [47], [50];
offices, [51], [58 n.], [170 n.];
leases land, [51];
vestryman, [52];
acquires Oak Hill, [55];
in House of Burgesses, [58], [61], [64];
in Virginia Convention (1775), [65], [66];
prepares for war, [67];
major of minute-men, [69];
at battle of Great Bridge, [76], [77];
enters Continental service, [79];
in crossing of the Delaware, [91];
promotions, [95];
in Brandywine campaign, [95];
colonel of State Artillery, [96 n.], [117 n.];
source on military services, [148 n.], [489];
not at surrender of Charleston, [148 n.];
property, [166];
financial stress, moves to Kentucky, [167-69];
gives M. land, [186];
and M.'s election to Legislature, [202];
and M.'s election to Council of State, [209 n.];
and British debts, [229], [231];
in Virginia Legislature from Kentucky, [229];
bequest from father, [485];
on Kentucky and National Government (1791), 2, [68 n.];
resignation as Supervisor of Revenue, on trials of office, [212 n., 213 n.];
M.'s visit to (1799), [421], [422].
Marshall, Thomas, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [34 n.];
in Revolutionary army, [117 n.]
Marshall, Thomas, M.'s son, birth, 1, [179 n.], 4, [73 n.];
education, [73];
home, [74];
killed, [588].
Marshall, William, putative great uncle of M., 1, [12], [14], [483];
deed to M.'s grandfather, [487], [488].
Marshall, William, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Marshall, William, M.'s brother, birth, 1, [38 n.];
and Chase impeachment, 3, [176], [191], [192].
Marshals, United States, plan to remove Federalist, 3, [21];
conduct in sedition trials, [42].
Martin, Luther, and Callender trial, 3, [37];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.];
counsel for Chase, [186];
career and character, [186 n., 187 n.], [538 n.];
argument, [201-06];
counsel for Swartwout and Bollmann, [348];
counsel for Burr, [407], [428];
security for Burr, [429 n.];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [436], [437], [441], [451];
Jefferson's threat to arrest, [451];
on pardon for Bollmann, [452-54];
and confining of Burr, [474];
public hostility, [480 n.];
on preliminary proof of overt act, [485];
intemperance, [501 n.], [586 n.];
on overt act, [501-04];
on the verdict, [513];
and Baltimore mob, [535-40];
Burr's friendship, [538 n.];
counsel in Fletcher vs. Peck, [585], [586];
as practitioner before M., 4, [95];
and Dartmouth College case, [238 n.];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [284], [286].
Martin, Philip, sale of Fairfax estate, 2, [203 n.], 4, [149], [150 n.]
See also Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee.
Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, early case, 2, [206-08];
importance, 4, [144], [166], [167];
M.'s connection with decision, [145], [153], [161], [164];
interest of M.'s brother in case, [145], [150], [153 n.], [160];
Virginia's political organization, [146];
Hunter's grant, Fairfax's State case against it, [147];
Marshall syndicate compromise on Fairfax lands, [148];
compromise and Hunter's claim, [149], [150 n.], [152], [157], [163];
decision for Hunter in State court, [151], [152];
Hunter's social position, [151 n.];
appeal to Supreme Court involving treaties, [153];
Federal statute covering appeal, [153 n.];
M. and similar North Carolina case, [154], [155];
Story's opinion, treaty protects Fairfax rights, [156];
Johnson's dissent, [157];
Virginia court denies right of Supreme Court to hear appeal, [157-60];
second appeal to Supreme Court, [160];
Story's opinion on right of appeal, [161-63];
M.'s private letter on appellate power, [164 n., 165 n.];
Johnson's dissent on control over State courts, [165], [166].
Martineau, Harriet, on M.'s attitude toward women, 4, [72].
Maryland, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [105 n.];
tax on Bank of the United States, 4, [207].
See also Brown vs. Maryland; M'Culloch vs. Maryland.
Mason, George, as statesman, 1, [32];
in the Legislature, [203];
on character of post-Revolutionary Legislature, [205 n.];
and amendment of Virginia Constitution (1784), [217];
and chancery bill (1787), [219];
on loose morals, [220];
and British debts, [229 n.], [230 n.], [231];
and Confederate navigation acts, [235];
and calling of Ratification Convention, [245];
in Ratification Convention: characterized, [369];
motion for detailed debate, [369];
and delay, [372];
on consolidated government, [382];
on conciliation, [383];
in the debate, [421-23], [435], [438-40], [445], [448], [467];
appeal to class hatred, [422], [439 n.], [467];
denounces Randolph, [423];
fear of the Federal District, [438], [439];
on payment of public debt, [440], [441];
on Judiciary, [445-47];
on suppression of Clinton's letter, [478];
and M., 2, [78];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 3, [115 n.];
and on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Mason, Jeremiah, as practitioner before M., 4, [95];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [233], [234], [250], [251];
fee and portrait, [255 n.];
Bank controversy, [529].
Mason, Jonathan, on X. Y. Z. dispatches, 2, [338], [342];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [60].
Mason, Stevens T., divulges Jay Treaty, 2, [115], 3, [63 n.];
on Virginia and Jay Treaty, 2, [151 n.];
appearance, 3, [62];
in debate on repeal of the Judiciary Act, [63-65].
Masonry, M.'s interest, 1, [187], 2, [176];
first hall at Richmond, 1, [188].
Massac, Fort, Burr at, 3, [294].
Massachusetts, drinking in colonial, 1, [23 n.];
Shays's Rebellion, [298-303];
policy of Constitutionalists, [339];
character of opposition to Ratification, [339], [340], [344-47];
strength and standpoint of opposition, [344];
influence of Hancock, [347];
recommendatory amendments and Ratification, [348], [349];
soothing the opposition, [350-53];
question of bribery, [353 n., 354 n.];
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [43], [105 n.];
and Embargo, 4, [12], [15], [17];
and War of 1812, [48 n.];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334];
steamboat monopoly, [415];
Constitutional Convention (1820), [471].
Massachusetts Historical Society, makes M. a corresponding member, 3, [271].
Massie, Thomas, buys land from M.'s father, 1, [168].
Mattauer divorce case in Virginia, 2, [55 n.]
Matthews, George, journey (1790), 3, [55 n.];
and Yazoo lands bill, [549-51].
Matthews, Thomas, and chancery bill (1787), 1, [219];
presides in Ratification Convention, [468].
Maxwell, William, Brandywine campaign, 1, [93].
Mayo, John, defeat and duel, 2, [515].
Mazzei letter, 2, [537 n., 538 n.]
Mead, Cowles, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [362], [363].
Meade, William, on drinking, 1, [23];
on irreligion, [221 n.];
on M.'s daily life, 4, [63], [63 n.], [69].
Mellen, Prentice, on bankruptcy frauds, 4, [202].
Mercer, Charles F., on M., 4, [489 n.]
Mercer, John, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Mercer, John Francis, in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, 3, [115 n.]
Meredith, Jonathan, counsel in Brown vs.
Maryland, 4, [455].
Merlin de Douai, Philippe A., election to Directory, 2, [243].
Merry, Anthony, intrigue with Federalist Secessionists, 3, [281];
and Burr, [287-90], [299].
Mexican Association, 3, [295].
Mexico. See Burr Conspiracy.
Midnight appointments, 2, [559-62];
ousted, 3, [95].
Milan Decree, 4, [7].
Military certificates, M. purchases, 1, [184].
Military titles, passion for, 1, [327 n., 328 n.]
Militia, in the Revolution, 1, [83-86], [100];
debate in Ratification Convention on efficiency, [393], [406 n.];
on control, [435-38];
uniform in Virginia (1794), 2, [104 n.];
M. on unreliability, [404].
Milledge, John, on Yazoo lands, 3, [573 n.]
Miller, James, and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Miller, Stephen D., and Nullification, 4, [555].
"Millions for defense," origin of slogan, 2, [348].
Minor, Stephen, Spanish agent, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [256], [329 n.]
Mirabeau, Comte de, on the Cincinnati, 1, [293].
Miranda, Francisco de, plans, knowledge of Administration, 3, [286], [300], [301], [306];
and Burr conspiracy, [306], [308];
Ogden-Smith trial, [436 n.]
Mississippi River, free navigation in Virginia debate on Ratification, 1, [399], [403], [411], [420], [430-32];
first steamboat 4, [402], [402 n., 403 n.];
steamboat monopoly, [402], [414].
Mississippi Territory, powers of Governor, 2, [446];
Burr, 3, [362-68].
Missouri. See next title, and Craig vs. Missouri.
Missouri Compromise, Virginia resolutions against restriction, 4, [325-29];
struggle and secession, [340-42].
Mitchel vs. United States, M.'s last opinion, 4, [585].
Mitchell, Samuel L., votes to acquit Chase, 3, [219], [220].
Monarchy, fear, 1, [290 n.], [291], [334], [391], 2, [383].
See also Government.
Money, varieties in circulation (1784), 1, [218 n.];
debased, [297];
scarcity (c. 1788), 2, [60 n.]
See also Finances; Paper money.
Monmouth campaign, 1, [134-38].
Monopoly, Bank of the United States as, 4, [310], [311], [336], [338], [531].
Monroe, James, Stirling's aide, 1, [119];
and selling of land rights, [168];
and realizing on warrants, [181], [212];
and chancery bill (1787), [219];
and British debts, [229 n.], [231];
use of cipher, [266 n.];
in debate in Ratification Convention, [407], [408], [431];
candidacy for House (1789), 2, [50 n.];
on service in Legislature, [81 n.];
on M.'s support of policy of neutrality, [98];
and M.'s integrity, [140];
as Minister to France, [144], [222], [224];
attack on Washington, [222];
and movement to impeach Justices, 3, [59];
and J. Q. Adams, [541 n.];
and M., 4, [40];
report on St. Cloud Decree, [48];
M.'s review of it, [49], [50];
and Hay's pamphlet on impressment, [53];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [160];
and second Bank of the United States, [180 n.];
and internal improvements, [418 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
conservatism there, [489].
Montgomery, John, and Chase, 3, [170];
as witness in Chase trial, [189 n.]
Moore, Albert, resigns Justiceship, 3, [109 n.]
Moore, John B., on M. and international law, 4, [117], [121 n.]
Moore, Richard C., at M.'s funeral, 4, [589].
Moore, Thomas, on Washington, 3, [9].
Moore, William, on election of Ratification delegates, 1, [360].
Moravians, during American Revolution, 1, [110 n.], [116].
Morgan, Charles S., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [501 n.]
Morgan, George, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [309], [465], [488].
Morgan, James, votes for war, 4, [29 n.]
Morrill, David L., resolution against dueling, 3, [278 n.]
Morris, Gouverneur, and Ratification in Virginia, 1, [401], [433];
on American and French revolutions, 2, [2 n.];
unfavorable reports of French Revolution, [6-9], [26 n.], [248];
recall from French Mission, [221];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [60], [61], [65], [66], [70], [71];
Mason's sarcasm, [64];
on reporting debates, [67 n.];
on Jefferson's pruriency, [90 n.];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [115 n.];
and on obligation of contracts, [557 n.];
and Judiciary Act of 1789, [128];
on Napoleon, 4, [2].
Morris, Hester, marries J. M. Marshall, 2, [203].
Morris, Robert, as financial boss, 1, [335];
as a peculator, [336];
and Ratification in Virginia, [401], [402 n.];
and M., [401 n.];
and Cabinet position, 2, [63];
and M.'s purchase of Fairfax estate, [101], [203], [206], [209], [211];
and M.'s investments, [199], [200];
land speculation, [202], [205 n.];
connection with M.'s family, [203];
and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129];
and Yazoo lands, [555].
Morris, Thomas, in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [74 n.]
Morse, Jedediah, on secession, 3, [152].
Morton, Perez, and Yazoo claims, 3, [576 n.]
Motto, M.'s, 1, [17].
Mumkins, Betsy, M.'s domestic, 1, [190].
Murch, Rachel, and Dartmouth College troubles, 4, [226].
Murdock, T. J., on Story and Dartmouth College case, 4, [257 n.]
Murphey, Archibald D., on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [272].
Murray, William Vans, on Gerry in X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [258 n.], [363];
on memorial of X. Y. Z. envoys, [309];
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [394], [406];
on M.'s election (1799), [419];
and reopening of French negotiations, [423];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [94].
Murrell, John, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [362].
Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia, M. and origin, 2, [174].
Napoleon I., and 18th Fructidor, 2, [230], [246];
Treaty of Campo Formio, [271];
and Talleyrand, [272];
reception in Paris (1797), [287], [288];
and American negotiations, [524];
and Burr, 3, [537 n.];
Morris on, 4, [2];
decrees on neutral trade, [6];
and Embargo Act, [12 n.];
pretended revocation of decrees, [26], [36-39], [48-50];
battle of Leipzig, [51];
and Fulton's steamboat experiments, [397].
Napoleonic Wars, peace and resumption, 3, [14];
and American politics, 4, [2-5].
See also Neutral trade.
Nash, Thomas. See Jonathan Robins case.
Nashville, Burr at, 3, [292], [296], [313].
Nason, Samuel, and Ratification, 1, [342], [345].
Natchez, first steamboat, 4, [403 n.]
Natchez Press, on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [311 n.]
National Gazette, as Jefferson's organ, 2, [81].
See also Freneau.
National Government, M. on start, 3, [263].
Nationalism, growth of M.'s idea, 1, [223], [231], [232], [240], [242-44], [286], [287], 2, [77];
lack of popular conception under Confederation, 1, [232], [285];
Washington's spirit during Confederation, [243];
fear of consolidation, [320], [375], [382], [388-390], [405], [433], 2, [69];