The Life of John Marshall, Volume 4: The building of the nation, 1815-1835

by Albert J. Beveridge

fear of gradual consolidation, 1, [446];
lesson of Ratification contest, [479];
influence of French Revolution on views, 2, [42-44];
M. on origin of contest, [48];
made responsible for all discontents, [51-53];
M.'s use of "Nation," [441];
centralization as issue (1800), [520];
union with reaction, 3, [48];
importance of M.'s Chief Justiceship to, [113];
M. on, as factor under Confederation, [259-61];
M. on Washington's, [259 n.];
influence of Fletcher vs. Peck, [594], [602];
as M.'s purpose in life, 4, [1], [55];
assertion in Embargo controversy, [12], [16];
Olmstead case, M.'s opinion, [18-21];
moves westward, [28];
M. on internal improvements and, [45];
M. as check to reaction against, [58];
and M.'s upholding of doubtful acts of Congress, [117-19];
of Story, [145];
in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [292];
forces (c. 1821), [370];
original jurisdiction of National Courts, [386];
Randolph's denunciation in internal improvements contest, [419-21];
importance of Gibbons vs. Ogden, [429];
and tariff and overthrow of slavery, [536];
M.'s opinions and Webster's reply to Hayne, [552-55];
M. anticipates reaction in Supreme Court, [582], [584].
See also Declaring acts void; Division of powers; Federalist Party; Government; Implied powers; Kentucky Resolutions; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Nullification; Secession; State Rights; Virginia Resolutions.
Naturalization, Madison on uniform regulation, 1, [312].
See also Impressment.
Navigation, power over, under commerce clause, 4, [428], [432], [433].
Navigation acts, proposed power for Confederation, 1, [234], [235].
See also Commerce.
Navy, M. on need (1788), 1, [419];
French War, 2, [427];
M.'s support (1800), [531];
reduction, 3, [458 n.];
in War of 1812, 4, [56];
immunity in foreign ports, [122-25].
Naylor, William, on Virginia County Courts, 4, [487].
Necessary and proper powers. See Implied powers.
Negro seamen law of South Carolina, Johnson's opinion, 4, [382], [383].
Nelson, William, Jr., decision in Hunter vs. Fairfax, 4, [148 n.]
Nereid case, neutral goods in enemy ship, 4, [135-42].
Netherlands, M. on political conditions (1797), 2, [223-26].
Neufchatel, François de, election to Directory, 2, [243].
Neutral trade, British seizures in 1793-94, 2, [107];
question of war over, [108-12];
French depredations, [223], [224], [229], [257], [270], [271], [277], [283], [284], [403], [496];
French rôle d'équipage, [294 n.];
free ships, free goods, [303-05];
Spanish depredations, [496];
British depredations after Jay Treaty, [506];
Tench Coxe on them, [506 n.];
M.'s protest on contraband, [509-11];
on paper blockade, [511];
on unfair judicial proceedings, [511], [512];
on impressment, [513];
moderation of French depredations, [523];
and new French treaty, [524 n.];
renewal of British and French violations, 4, [6-8], [122];
Non-Importation Act (1806), [9];
partisan attitude, [9-11];
Embargo, [11];
its effect, opposition, [12-16];
M.'s opinion, [14];
non-intercourse, [22];
Erskine incident, [22];
Jackson incident, [23-26];
Napoleon's pretended revocation of decrees, [26], [36-39], [48-50];
M.'s interpretation of Jefferson's acts, [118], [125];
Nereid case, neutral property in enemy ship, [135-42].
See also Jay Treaty; Neutrality.
Neutrality, as Washington's great conception, 2, [92];
proclamation, [93];
unpopularity, [93];
opposition of Jefferson and Republicans, [94], [95];
mercantile support, [94 n.], [96];
constitutionality of proclamation, [95];
M.'s support, [97-99], [298-301], [387], [388], [402], [403], [507-09];
M.'s military enforcement, [103-06];
as issue in Virginia, [106];
J. Q. Adams on necessity, [119 n.];
Federal common-law trials for violating, 3, [24-29];
M.'s biography of Washington on policy, [264].
See also Isolation; Neutral trade.
New England, hardships of travel, 1, [256];
type of pioneers (c. 1790), [276];
and excise on distilleries, 2, [86 n.];
and secession, 3, [97];
escapes crisis of 1819, 4, [170].
See also States by name.
New England Mississippi Company, Yazoo claims, 3, [576-83], [595-602].
See also Fletcher vs. Peck.
New Hampshire, Ratification contest, 1, [354], [355], [478];
and disestablishment, 4, [227], [230 n.];
denounces congressional salary advance (1816), [231 n.];
Judiciary controversy, [229], [230];
steamboat monopoly, [415];
branch bank controversy, [529];
and Nullification, [559].
See also Dartmouth College vs. Woodward.
New Jersey, hardships of travel, 1, [259];
and State tariff laws, [311];
Ratification, [325];
and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [403], [404].
See also next title.
New Jersey vs. Wilson, exemption of land from taxation and obligation of contracts, 4, [221-23].
New Orleans, reception of Burr, 3, [294], [295];
Wilkinson's reign of terror, [330-37];
battle, 4, [56];
first steamboat, [403 n.]
New York, hardships of travel, 1, [257];
Jefferson on social characteristics, [279];
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [105 n.], [106];
bank investigation (1818), 4, [184];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden; Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
New York City, Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [35].
See also New York vs. Miln.
New York Evening Post, on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [270];
on Adams's report on Burr Conspiracy, [544];
on Gibbons vs. Ogden, 4, [445];
hostile criticism on M., [591].
New York vs. Miln, facts, State regulation of immigration, 4, [583];
division of Supreme Court on, [583], [584];
decision, proper police regulation, [584 n.];
Story voices M.'s dissent, [584 n.]
Newspapers, character at period of Confederation, 1, [267-70];
virulence, 2, [529], 4, [175 n.];
development of influence, 3, [10];
and first Bank of the United States, 4, [175].
See also Press.
Nicholas, George, in the Legislature, 1, [203];
citizen bill, [208];
and chancery bill (1787), [219];
and calling of Ratification Convention, [245];
on popular ignorance of draft Constitution, [320];
in Ratification Convention: characterized, [374];
in debate, [395], [421], [432], [440], [465], [471], [472];
assault on Henry, [466];
in contest over recommendatory amendments, [472].
Nicholas, John, deserts Congress (1798), 2, [340 n.];
on the crisis (1799), [434];
in Jonathan Robins case, [475];
and reduction of army, [476];
and Judiciary Bill, [551].
Nicholas, Wilson C., and M., 2, [100];
sells land to Morris, [202 n.];
and Kentucky Resolutions, [398], [398 n.];
and Pickering impeachment, 3, [167];
and Burr conspiracy, [381];
and grand jury on Burr, [410-12], [422].
Nicholson, Joseph H., in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [89];
on bill on sessions of Supreme Court, [95];
and Chase impeachment, [170];
argument in Chase trial, [207-10];
and acquittal of Chase, [221];
releases Alexander, [343];
on Jefferson's popularity, [404].
Nickname, M.'s, 1, [74], [132].
Nightingale, John C., and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Niles, Hezekiah, on banking chaos after War of 1812, 4, [181 n.], [182], [183], [186 n.], [192], [194], [196];
on bankruptcy frauds, [201];
on Sturges vs. Crowninshield, [218];
and Dartmouth College case, [276 n.];
value of his Register, [309];
attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland opinion, [309-12];
on Elkison case, [383], [384 n.];
and Gibbons vs. Ogden, [445];
on Virginia and Nullification, [568], [572];
tribute to M., [590].
Niles, Nathaniel, and Burr, 3, [68 n.];
and Dartmouth College troubles, 4, [227];
Jefferson on, [227].
Niles' Register, value, 4, [309].
See also Niles, Hezekiah.
Nimmo, James, Cohens vs. Virginia, 4, [345].
Nobility, fear from Order of the Cincinnati, 1, [292].
See also Government.
Non-Importation Act (1806), 4, [9];
M. and constitutionality, [118].
See also Neutral trade.
Non-intercourse, act of 1809, 4, [22];
Erskine incident, [22];
M. and constitutionality, [118];
South Carolina's proposed, with tariff States, [459], [538].
See also Neutral trade.
Norbonne, Philip, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Norfolk, Va., Dunmore's burning, 1, [78];
tribute to M., 4, [592].
North Carolina, hardships of travel, 1, [263];
and State tariff acts, [311];
Granville heirs case, 4, [154], [155];
tax on Bank of the United States, [207].
North River Steamboat Co. vs. Livingston, 4, [448-51].
Norton, George F., and British debts, 1, [226].
Norton, J. K. N., M.'s books possessed by, 1, [186 n.];
acknowledgment to, 4, [528 n.]
Nullification, first hints, 4, [384];
M.'s rebukes, [389], [459], [513];
movement, [555];
M. on movement, [556], [557];
Madison on, [556];
Jackson's Union toast, [557];
and warning, [558];
M. on doctrine and progress, [558], [559], [562];
and Tariff of 1832, [559], [560];
Convention and Ordinance, [560], [561];
popular excitement, [561];
Jackson's Proclamation, its debt to M.'s opinions, [562], [563];
M. on it, [563];
South Carolina and the proclamation, Jackson's inconsistencies, [564], [565];
military preparations, [566];
Jackson's recommendation of reduction of tariff, [567];
Virginia and mediation, M. on it, [567-73];
M. on Webster's speech against, [572];
suspension of ordinance, [573];
compromise Tariff, [574];
M. on virtual victory for, [574], [575];
M.'s resulting despondency on state of the country, [575-78].
See also State Rights.
Oak Hill, acquired by M.'s father, 1, [55];
as home for M.'s son, 4, [74].
Oakley, Thomas J., counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, 4, [423], [424], [427].
Obiter dicta, M.'s use, 4, [121], [369].
Obligation of contracts. See Contracts.
Occom, Samson, visit to England, 4, [223].
Office. See Civil service.
Ogden, Aaron, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [409-411].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Ogden, David B., counsel in Sturges vs. Crowninshield, 4, [209];
practitioner before M., [237 n.];
fees, [345 n.];
counsel in Cohens vs. Virginia, [346], [376].
Ogden, George M. See Ogden vs. Saunders.
Ogden, Peter V., and Burr conspiracy, arrested, 3, [333], [334].
Ogden, Samuel G., trial, 3, [436 n.]
Ogden vs. Saunders, obligation of future contracts not impaired by insolvency laws, 4, [480];
M.'s dissent, [481].
Ohio, cession of Western Reserve, 2, [446];
tax on Bank of the United States, 4, [207], [328];
legislative denunciation of M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [330-33];
and New York steamboat monopoly, [415 n.]
See also Osborn vs. Bank.
Ohio River, Burr and plan for canal, 3, [291 n.];
first steamboat, 4, [403 n.];
development of steam transportation, [416].
Old Field Schools, 1, [24].
Olmstead case, State defiance of Federal mandate, 4, [18-21].
Opinions, M.'s rule on delivering, 3, [16].
Orange County, Va., minute men, 1, [69].
Oratory, court, and woman auditors, 4, [133], [134].
Orders in Council on neutral trade, 4, [6], [7].
See also Neutral trade.
Orr, Thomas, Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [329], [330].
Orr vs. Hodgson, 4, [165 n.]
Osborn, Ralph. See Osborn vs. Bank.
Osborn vs. Bank of the United States, facts, 4, [327-30];
compromise proposed by Ohio, [332];
defiance of Ohio, [333];
argument, [385];
M.'s opinion, [385-94];
original jurisdiction of National Courts, [385-87];
and Eleventh Amendment, protection of Federal agents from State agents, [387-91];
tax on business of bank void, [391], [392];
courts and execution of law, [392];
general satisfaction of parties on the record, [393];
Johnson's opinion, [394];
resulting attack on Supreme Court, [394-96];
Jackson denies authority, [530-32].
Osmun, Benijah, and Burr, 3, [365], [366].
Oswald, Eleazer, and Centinel letters, 1, [335 n.], [338];
and Ratification in Virginia, [402], [434], [435].
Otis, Harrison Gray, and slavery (1800), 2, [449];
on Washington streets (1815), 3, [4];
on traveling conditions, [5 n.];
on speculation, [557 n.];
and Story, 4, [98];
and bankruptcy laws, [201].
Otsego, N.Y., conditions of travel (1790), 1, [257].
Paine, Robert Treat, on X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [356].
Paine, Thomas, on militia, 1, [84];
relief bill, [213];
on government as an evil, [288];
popularity of Common Sense, [288 n.];
on American and French revolutions, 2, [2 n.];
and key of the Bastille, [10];
Rights of Man, influence in United States, [12-14];
Jefferson's approbation, [14], [15], [16 n.];
J. Q. Adams's reply, [15-19];
disapproves of excesses, [25 n.], [27];
on the King and early revolution, [31 n.];
on Republican Party and France, [223];
and X. Y. Z. Mission, [254].
Palmer, William P., anecdote on M., 4, [63 n.]
Paper money, depreciation and confusion during Revolution and Confederation, 1, [167], [168], [295-97];
counterfeiting, [297], 4, [195];
post-bellum demand, 1, [297], [299];
Continental, in debate on Ratification, [429], [440], [441];
and impairment of obligation of contracts, 3, [557], [558 n.], 4, [214];
flood and character of State bank bills, [176-79], [181], [184], [187], [192];
popular demand for more, [186], [199];
local issues, [187];
depreciation, [192];
endless chain of redemption with other paper, [193];
reforms by second Bank of the United States, [197-99].
See also Briscoe vs. Bank; Craig vs. Missouri money.
Paris, in 1797, 2, [247].
Parker, Richard E., verdict in Burr trial, 3, [514].
Parsons, Theophilus, Ratification amendments, 1, [348].
Parton, James, on Administration's knowledge of Burr's plans, 3, [318 n.];
on Jefferson and trial of Burr, [390 n.];
biography of Burr, [538 n.]
Partridge, George, accident, 3, [55 n.]
"Party," as term of political reproach, 2, [410 n.]
Paterson, William, and Chief Justiceship, 2, [553];
charge to grand jury, 3, [30 n.];
sedition trials, [31], [32];
and declaring acts void, [117], [611], [612];
and Judiciary Act of, 1789, [128];
Ogden-Smith trial, [436 n.]
Paulding, James K., on M., 4, [77].
Pawles Hook, Lee's surprise, 1, [142].
Peace of 1783, and land titles, 4, [147], [148], [153].
See also British debts; Frontier posts; Slaves.
Pearsall vs. Great Northern Railway, 4, [279 n.]
Peck, Jedediah, trial, 3, [42 n.]
Peck, John. See Fletcher vs. Peck.
Peele, W. J., on M., 4, [66 n.]
Pegram, Edward, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Pendleton, Edmund, as judge, 1, [173];
on M.'s election to Council of State, [209];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, [359];
in the Convention: President, [368];
and impeachment of authority of Framers, [373];
characterized, [385];
on failure of Confederation, [386];
in debate, [427], [428], [445];
on Judiciary, [445].
Pendleton, Nathaniel, and Yazoo lands, 3, [549], [555].
Pennsylvania, during the Revolution, 1, [85];
hardships of travel, [258], [259];
Jefferson on social characteristics, [279];
tariff, [310 n., 311 n.];
calling of Ratification Convention, [326];
election of delegates, [327-29];
precipitancy in Ratification Convention, [329-32];
address of minority, [333], [334], [342];
continued opposition after Ratification, [334-38];
and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [105 n.];
Olmstead case, 4, [18-21];
legislative censure of M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [333].
Pennsylvania, University of, honorary degree to M., 4, [89].
People, character of masses under Confederation, 1, [253], [254];
community isolation, [264], 4, [191];
responsible for failure of Confederation, 1, [307];
basis of Federal Government, 4, [292], [352].
See also Democracy; Government; Nationalism.
Perkins, Cyrus, and Dartmouth College case, 4, [260 n.]
Perkins, Nicholas, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [367-69], [372].
Peters, Richard [1], and common-law jurisdiction, 3, [25], [28 n.];
sedition trial, [33];
impeachment contemplated, [172 n.];

on United States and Napoleonic War, 4, [6 n.];
Olmstead case, [18-21];
death, [238 n.]
Peters, Richard [2], escort for M.'s body, 4, [588].
Phi Beta Kappa, M. as member, 1, [158];
Jacobin opposition, 2, [37].
Philadelphia, march of Continental army through (1777), 1, [92];
capture by British, [98-102];
during British occupation, [108-10];
Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [31];
luxury, [85 n.];
and M.'s return from X. Y. Z. Mission, [344-51];
tributes to M. as Chief Justice, 4, [521], [588].
Philadelphia Aurora. See Aurora.
Philadelphia Federal Gazette, on Publicola papers, 2, [19].
Philadelphia Gazette of the United States. See Gazette.
Philadelphia General Advertiser, on French Revolution, 2, [28 n.];
on Neutrality Proclamation, [94 n.]
Philadelphia Independent Gazette, and Ratification, 1, [328].
Sec also Oswald.
Philadelphia National Gazette. See National Gazette.
Philips, Josiah, attainder case, 1, [393], [398], [411].
Phillips, Isaac N., on treason, 3, [403 n.]
Physick, Philip S., operates on M., 4, [520];
and M.'s final illness, [587].
Pichegru, Charles, and 18th Fructidor, 2, [240], [241], [245 n.]
Pickering, John, impeachment, 3, [111], [143], [164-68];
witnesses against, rewarded, [181].
Pickering, Timothy, on hardships of travel, 1, [257 n.];
on Jefferson and Madison, 2, [79];
and Gerry at Paris, [366], [369];
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [394];
on M.'s election (1799), [417];
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, [471];
dismissed by Adams, [486], [487];
Aurora's attack, [489 n.], [491 n.];
on M. as his successor, [492];
on M. and Jefferson-Burr contest, [539];
and secession, 3, [98], [151], [281], [289], 4, [13 n.], [30], [49];
on Giles, 3, [159 n.];
on impeachment programme, [160];
on Pickering impeachment, [168 n.];
on Chase impeachment, [173];
at trial of Chase, [183 n.];
on M.'s biography of Washington, [233];
on Adams's Burr Conspiracy report, [543 n.];
as British partisan, 4, [2 n.];
on Embargo, [13], [14];
and M., [27], [473];
on election of 1812, [47];
and Story, [98];
and Story and Dartmouth College case, [257 n.];
on Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), [471];
on slavery, [473].
Pickett, George, bank stock, 2, [200].
Pinckney, Charles, on campaign virulence (1800), 2, [530];
reward for election services, 3, [81 n.];
in Federal Convention, on declaring acts void, [116 n.]
Pinckney, Charles C., appointment to French mission, 2, [145], [146], [223];
not received, [224];
at The Hague, [231];
accused of assisting Royalist conspiracy, [246 n.];
and "millions for defense" slogan, [348];
toast to, [349 n.];
candidacy (1800), [438];
Hamiltonian intrigue for, [517], [528 n., 529 n.];
and Chief Justiceship, [553].
See also Elections (1800); X. Y. Z. Mission.
Pinckney, Thomas, on Gerry, 2, [364].
Pindall, James, on Bank of the United States, 4, [289].
Pinkney, William, Canning's letter, 4, [23];
as practitioner before M., [95];
counsel in Nereid case, [131], [140];
character, [131-33];
influence of woman auditors on oratory, [133], [134], [140 n.];
Conkling's resemblance, [133 n.];
M. on, [141], [287];
Story on Nereid argument, [142 n.];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [259-61], [274];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [284];
argument, [287];
fees, [345 n.];
argument in Cohens vs. Virginia, [346];
counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [413];
death, [423].
Pinto, Manuel, Nereid case, 4, [135].
Piracy, M. on basis, 2, [467].
Pitt, William, and Burr, 3, [289].
Pittsburgh, first steamboat, 4, [403 n.]
Platt, Jonas, opinion in Gibbons vs. Ogden, 4, [412].
Pleasants, James, grand juror on Burr, 2, [413 n.]
Plumer, William, on Washington (1805), 3, [6];
on drinking there, [9];
on Jefferson and popularity, [19 n.];
on Bayard, [79 n.];
on Randolph, [83 n.];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, [93];
on Louisiana Purchase, [148 n.], [150];
on Giles, [159 n.];
on impeachment plan, [160];
on Pickering impeachment, [167 n.], [168 n.];
on Chase impeachment and trial, [171 n.], [173], [179 n.], [181 n.], [192 n.], [205 n.], [217 n.], [220];
on Burr, [180], [182 n.], [183 n.], [219 n.], [274 n.], [279 n.], [470];
on M. as witness, [196];
on not celebrating Washington's birthday, [210 n.];
joins Republican Party, [222 n.];
on M.'s biography of Washington, [269];
on Swartwout, [321 n.], [333 n.];
on Burr conspiracy, [338 n.], [341];
on arrest of Bollmann, [343 n.];
on Jefferson's personal rancor, [384 n.];
on trial of Burr, [526];
on Adams's Burr conspiracy report, [543 n.];
on Embargo and secession threats, 4, [24 n.];
on Federalists as aristocracy, [55];
Governor of New Hampshire, and Dartmouth College affairs, [230], [232].
Pocket veto, Randolph on, as impeachable offense, 3, [213].
Poetry, M. and, 1, [41], 4, [79], [80].
Police power, as offset to obligation of contracts, 4, [279];
and commerce clause, [436], [437], [457], [459].
See also New York vs. Miln.
Politics, machine in Virginia, 1, [210], [217 n.], 2, [56 n.], 4, [146], [147], [485-88];
share in Ratification in Virginia, 1, [252], [356], [357], [381], [402];
Federal Constitution and parties, 2, [75];
abuse, [396];
influence of newspapers, 3, [10];
period of National egotism, [13];
effect of Republican rule, [15 n.];
Randolph on government by, [464 n.]
See also Elections, Federalist Party; Republican Party.
Poole, Simeon, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [490].
Poor whites of colonial Virginia, 1, [27].
Pope, John, M. and his poems, 1, [44], [45].
Pope, John, of Smith committee, 3, [541 n.]
Popularity, Jefferson's desire, 3, [19 n.]
Population, density (c. 1787), 1, [264];
character of Washington, 3, [8].
Portraits of M., 4, [85 n.], [522 n.]
Posey, Thomas, and Ratification, 1, [392 n.]
Potomac River, company for improvement, 1, [217], [218].
Potter, Henry, Granville heirs case, 4, [154].
Powell, Levin, slandered, 1, [290 n.];
on House's reply to Adams's address (1799), 2, [434];
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, [475 n.]
Practice and evidence, M.'s opinion on, 3, [18].
Precedents, M.'s neglect of legal, 2, [179], 4, [409].
Preparedness, M. on need, 1, [414], [415], [437], 2, [403], [476-80], [531];
ridiculed, 1, [425];
utter lack (1794), 2, [109].
See also Army.
Prescott, William, on Dartmouth College case, 4, [275 n.]
President, Ratification debate on office and powers, 1, [390], [442];
question of title, 2, [36];
M. on, as sole organ of external relations, [470].
See also Elections; Subpœna; and Presidents by name.
Press, freedom of, Franklin on license, 1, [268-70];
M. on liberty and excess, 2, [329-31];
Martin on license, 3, [204], [205].
See also Alien and Sedition Acts; Newspapers.
Prices, at Richmond (c. 1783), 1, [177-81];
board in Washington (1801), 3, [7].
Priest, William, on speculation, 3, [557].
Princeton University, honorary degree to M., 4, [89].
Prisoners of war, treatment, 1, [115].
Privateering, Genêt's commissions, 2, [28];
Unicorn incident in Virginia, [103-06].
Prize law, Amelia case, 3, [16], [17].
See also Admiralty; International law.
Property, demand for equal division, 1, [294], [298];
M.'s conservatism on rights, 4, [479], [503].
Prosperity, degree, at period of Confederation, 1, [273], [274], [306].
Public debt, problem under Confederation, 1, [233-35];
unpopularity, [254];
spirit of repudiation, [295], [298], [299];
resources under Confederation, [306];
in Ratification debate, [396], [416], [425], [440];
funding and assumption of State debts, 2, [59-64];
financial and political effects of funding, [64-68], [82], [85], [127].
See also Debts; Finances; Paper money.
Public lands, Jefferson on public virtue and, 1, [316];
State claims, 3, [553];
Foot resolution, 4, [553 n.]
See also Yazoo; Land.
Publicists, lawyers as, 4, [135].
Publicola papers, 2, [15-18];
replies, [18], [19].
Punch, recipe, 4, [77].
Punishments, cruel, 3, [13 n.]
Putnam, ——, arrest in France, 2, [283].
Quarterly Review, on insolvency frauds, 4, [203 n.]
Quincy, Josiah, on Jefferson and popularity, 3, [19 n.];
on resolution against Minister Jackson, 4, [24];
on admission of Louisiana and secession, 4, [27];
and Localism, [28].
Quoit (Barbecue) Club, M. as member, 2, [182-85], 4, [76-78];
memorial to M., [592].
Railroads, influence of Dartmouth College case and Gibbons vs. Ogden on development, 4, [276], [277], [446].
Raleigh, M. on circuit at, 3, [101], [102], 4, [65], [66].
Rambouillet Decree, 4, [122].
Ramsay, David, biography of Washington, 3, [225 n.]
Ramsay, Dennis, Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [110].
Randall, Benjamin, in Ratification Convention, 1, [340].
Randall, Henry S., on M. as Secretary of State, 2, [494];
on M., 4, [154].
Randolph, David M., as witness in Chase trial, 3, [191], [192].
Randolph, Edmund, ancestry, 1, [10];
as lawyer, [173];
transfers practice to M., [190];
Hite vs. Fairfax, [191], [192];
in the Legislature, [203];
importance of attitude on Ratification, [360-63], [378-82];
secret intention to support it, [363];
in the Convention: characterized, [376];
disclosure of support of Ratification, [376-79];
suppresses Clinton's letter, [379-81], [477];
effect on reputation, [382];
ascription of motives, in Washington's Cabinet, [382 n.];
in Convention debate, [392], [393], [397], [406], [461], [470];
and Philips case, [393 n.];
personal explanations, [393 n.], [476];
Henry on change of front, [398];
answers Henry's taunt, [406];
Mason's denunciation, [423];
on Fairfax grants, [458 n.];
on opposition after Ratification, 2, [46 n.];
and first amendments, [59];
Fauchet incident, resignation from Cabinet, [146], [147];
on Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, [151], [152];
as orator, [195];
on weakness of Supreme Court, 3, [121 n.];
counsel for Burr, [407];
on motion to commit Burr for treason, [417];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [440], [441];
on overt act, [494].
Randolph, George, ancestry, 1, [10].
Randolph, Isham, 1, [10].
Randolph, Jacob, operates on M., 4, [522].
Randolph, Jane, 1, [10], [11].
Randolph, John, of Roanoke, ancestry, 1, [10];
insult by army officers, 2, [446];
debate with M. on Marine Corps, [447], [448];
in Jonathan Robins case, [474];
appearance, 3, [83];
as House leader, [83 n.];
in Judiciary debate (1802), [84-87];
manager of Chase impeachment, [171];
and articles of impeachment, [172];
break with Jefferson over Yazoo frauds, [174];
opening speech at Chase trial, [187-89];
references to M., political significance, [187], [188], [214-16];
examination of M. at trial, [194];
conferences with Giles, [197];
argument, [212-16];
and acquittal, [220];
duelist, [278 n.];
and Burr conspiracy, [339];
and Eaton's claim, [345 n.];
on Wilkinson's conduct, [359], [464];
on Burr as military captive, [369];
and removal of judges on address, [389 n.];
grand juror on Burr, [413];
on government by politics, [464 n.];
and Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [476];
and Yazoo frauds, [566], [575], [577-79], [581], [595], [596], [600];
on Localism, 4, [191];
on dangers in M.'s Nationalist opinions, [309], [420];
in debate on Supreme Court (1824), [395];
on internal improvements and Nationalism, [419-21];
absorption in politics, [461];
Clay duel, [463 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
on M. in convention, [489 n.]
Randolph, Mary (Isham), descendants, 1, [10].
Randolph, Mary Isham, 1, [10].
Randolph, Peyton, and Henry's Stamp-Act Resolutions, 1, [64].
Randolph, Richard, of Curels, estate, 1, [20 n.]
Randolph, Susan, on Jefferson and Rebecca Burwell, 1, [150 n.]
Randolph, Thomas, 1, [10].
Randolph, Thomas M., on Jay Treaty resolutions in Virginia Legislature, 2, [134], [135], [137].
Randolph, William, descendants, 1, [10].
Randolph, William, and Peter Jefferson, 1, [12 n.]
Randolph family, origin and characteristics, 1, [10], [11].
Rappahannock County, Va., loyal celebration, 1, [23 n.]
Ratification, opposition in Virginia, 1, [242];
contest over call of Virginia Convention, previous amendment question, [245-48];
effort for second framing convention, [248], [317], [355], [362], [379-81];
practical politics in, [252], [356], [357], [381], [402];
economic division, [312];
division in Virginia, [317];
importance of Virginia's action, [318], [358], [359];
gathering of Virginia delegates, [319];
popular ignorance of draft Constitution, [320], [345], [354];
popular idea of consolidated government, [320];
popular majority against, [321], [322], [356], [391], [469], 4, [554 n.];
Virginia Convention as first real debate, 1, [322], [323], [329], [355];
influence of revolutionary action of Framers, [323-25], [373], [425];
unimportance of action of four early States, [325];
calling of Pennsylvania Convention, [326];
election there, [327-29];
Pennsylvania Convention, precipitancy, [329-32];
address of Pennsylvania minority, [333], [334], [342];
post-convention opposition in Pennsylvania, [334-38];
policy of Constitutionalists in Massachusetts, [339];
character of opposition there, [339], [340], [344-47];
election there, [340];
general distrust as basis of opposition, [340], [347], [356], [371], [372], [422], [428], [429 n.], [439 n.], [467];
condensed argument for, [343];
and Shays's Rebellion, [343];
strength and standpoint of Massachusetts opposition, [344];
influence of Hancock, [347];
Massachusetts recommendatory amendments and ratification, [348], [349];
soothing the opposition there, [350-53];
question of bribery in Massachusetts, [353 n., 354 n.];
contest in New Hampshire, adjournment, [354], [355];
character of Virginia Convention, [356], [367];
effect of previous, on Virginia, [356], [399];
election of delegates in Virginia, [359-67];
importance and uncertainty of Randolph's attitude, [360-64], [378-82];
M.'s candidacy, [364];
campaign for opposition delegates, [365-67];
opposition of leaders in State politics, [366 n.];
maneuvers of Constitutionalists, [367], [374], [384], [385], [392];
officers, [368], [432];
tactical mistakes of opposition, [368], [383];
detailed debate as a Constitutionalist victory, [369-72], [432];
characterizations, [369], [373-76], [385], [387], [394], [396], [408], [420], [423], [465], [473];
attempts at delay, [372], [434], [461], [462];
authority of Framers, [373], [375];
Nicholas's opening for Constitutionalists, [374];
Henry's opening for opposition, [375];
disclosure of Randolph's support, [376-79];
organization of Anti-Constitutionalists, [379], [434];
Clinton's letter for a second Federal Convention, Randolph's suppression of it, [379], [477], 2, [49 n.];
Mason's speeches, 1, [382], [383], [421-23], [438], [439], [446-48], [467];
untactful offer on "conciliation," [383];
prospects, ascendancy of opposition, [384], [433-35], [442];
influences on Kentucky delegates, navigation of Mississippi River, [384], [403], [411], [420], [430-32], [434], [443];
Pendleton's speeches, [385-87], [427], [428];
Lee's speeches, [387], [406], [423], [467];
Henry's speeches, [388-92], [397-400], [403-06], [428], [433], [435], [440], [441], [449], [464], [469-71];
Federal Government as alien, [389], [399], [428], [439 n.];
Randolph's later speeches, [392], [393], [397], [406];
Madison's speeches, [394], [395], [397], [421], [428], [430], [440], [442], [449];
Nicholas's later speeches, [395], [421], [432];
Corbin's speech, [396];
political managers from other States, [401], [402], [435];
question of use of money in Virginia, [402 n.];
demand for previous amendment, [405], [412], [418], [423], [428];
Monroe's speech, [407], [408];
inattention to debate, [408];
M.'s social influence, [409];
M.'s speeches, [409-20], [436-38], [450-61];
Harrison's speech, [421];
Grayson's speech, [424-27];
slight attention to economic questions, [429 n.], [441 n.];
and Bill of Rights, [439];
slavery question, [440];
payment of public debt, [440];
British debts, [441];
executive powers, [442];

Judiciary debate, [449-61], [464];
Anti-Constitutionalists and appeal to Legislature, [462], [463], [468];
assault on Henry's land speculations, [465-67];
threats of forcible resistance, [467], [478];
contest over recommendatory amendments, [475];
vote, [475];
Washington's influence, [476];
other personal influences, [476 n.];
and fear of Indians, [476];
character of Virginia amendments, [477];
influence of success in New Hampshire, [478];
Jefferson's stand on amendments, [478];
influence on M., [479];
as a preliminary contest, [479], 2, [45], [46];
attempt of Virginia Legislature to undo, [48-51];
Virginia reservations, 4, [324 n.]
Rattlesnakes, as medicine, 1, [172].
Ravara, Joseph, trial, 3, [24].
Rawle, William, escort for M.'s body, 4, [588].
Read, George, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Rebecca Henry incident, 2, [496].
Reed, George, as witness in Chase trial, 3, [189 n.]
Reeves, John, and Burr, 3, [537 n.]
Reeves, Tapping, on Louisiana Purchase, 3, [150].
Reid, Robert R., on Missouri question, 4, [341].
Religion, state in Virginia (1783), 1, [220], [221];
conditions in Washington, 3, [6];
revival, [7 n.];
M.'s attitude, 4, [69-71];
frontier, [189 n.];
troubles and disestablishment in New Hampshire, [226], [227].
See also next titles.
Religious freedom, controversy in Virginia, 1, [221], [222].
Religious tests, debate during Ratification, 1, [346].
Representation, basis in Virginia, 1, [217 n.];
debate on slave, in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), 4, [501-07].
Republican Party, Jefferson's development, 2, [46], [74-76], [81-83], [91], [96];
as defender of the Constitution, [88 n.];
assaults on Neutrality Proclamation, [95];
economic basis, [125 n.];
and French Revolution, [131 n.], [223];
and X. Y. Z. dispatches, [336-42], [355], [358-63];
M. on motives in attack on Alien and Sedition Acts, [394], [407];
issues in 1798, [410];
and name "Democratic," [439 n.], 3, [234 n.];
Federalist forebodings (1801), [11-15];
social effects of rule, [15 n.];
plans against Judiciary, cause, [19-22], [48];
union of democracy and State Rights, [48];
Chase's denunciations, [169], [170], [206];
and M.'s biography of Washington, [228-30];
treatment in biography, [256], [259-61];
Justices as apostates, [317], [358], [359], [444].
See also Congress; Elections; Jefferson, Thomas; State Rights.
Republicans, name for Anti-Constitutionalists (1788), 1, [379].
Repudiation, spirit, 1, [294], [295], [298], [299].
See also Debts.
Requisitions, failure, 1, [232], [304], [305], [413];
proposed new basis of apportionment, [234], [235].
Rhoad, John, Juror, 3, [35].
Rhode Island, declaration of independence, 3, [118 n.]
Richardson, William M., votes for war, 4, [29 n.];
opinion in Dartmouth College case, [234-36].
Richmond, Va., social and economic life (1780-86), 1, [176-90];
in 1780, [165], [171-73];
hospitality, [183];
M. City Recorder, [188];
fire (1787), [190], 2, [172];
meeting on Jay Treaty, [149-55];
growth, [172];
Quoit Club, [182-85], 4, [76-78], [592];
reception of M. on return from France, 2, [352-54];
M.'s reply to address, [571-73];
later social life, 3, [394];
Vigilance Committee, 4, [41 n.];
M.'s lawyer dinners, [78], [79];
city currency, [187];
and Jackson's veto of River and Harbor Bill (1832), [534];
M.'s funeral, [588];
tributes to him, [589].
Richmond Enquirer, on M. and Burr at Wickham's dinner, 3, [396];
and subpœna to Jefferson, [450];
attack on M. during Burr trial, [532-35];
on Yazoo claims, [581];
attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [312-17], [323];
tribute to M., [589].
See also Ritchie, Thomas.
Richmond Examiner, attacks on M. (1801), 2, [542], [543 n.]
Richmond Light Infantry Blues, punch, 4, [78 n.]
Richmond Society for Promotion of Agriculture, M.'s interest, 4, [63].
Richmond Whig and Advertiser, on M. and election of 1828, 4, [463];
tribute to M., [589].
Ritchie, Thomas, Council of State as his machine, 1, [210];
and trial of Burr, 3, [450];
on Federalists as traitors, 4, [10 n.];
control over Virginia politics, [146];
and first Bank of the United States, [174];
attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [309];
and Taylor's attack on M.'s opinions, [335], [339];
attack on Cohens vs. Virginia, [358].
See also Richmond Enquirer.
Rittenhouse, David, Olmstead case, 4, [19].
River and Harbor Bill, Jackson's pocket veto, 4, [534].
River navigation, steamboat and internal improvements, 4, [415-17].
Roads. See Communication.
Roane, Spencer, as judge, 1, [173];
Council of State as his machine, [210];
Anti-Constitutionalist attack on Randolph (1787), [361 n.];
accuses M. of hypocrisy, 2, [140];
and Chief Justiceship, 3, [20], [113], [178];
and Nationalism, [114];
M.'s enemy, 4, [78];
and M.'s integrity, [90 n.];
and Livingston vs. Jefferson, [111];
control of Virginia politics, [146];
decision in Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devises, [148], [152];
denies right of Supreme Court to hear case, [157], [160];
and first Bank of the United States, [174];
attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [309], [313-17], [323];
inconsistent purchase of Bank stock, [317];
tribute to M., [313];
M.'s reply to attack, [318-23];
attack on Cohens vs. Virginia, [358], [359];
M. on it, [359], [360];
and amendment on Judiciary, [371], [378].
Robertson, David, report of Virginia Ratification debates, 1, [368];
stenographer and linguist, 3, [408].
Robin, M.'s servant, 4, [525 n.]
Robins, Jonathan. See Jonathan Robins case.
Robinson, John, loan-office bill and defalcations, 1, [60].
Rodney, Cæsar A., and Marbury vs. Madison, 3, [154 n.];
argument in Chase trial, [210-12];
and holding of Swartwout and Bollmann, [345], [349 n.];
and trial of Burr, [390].
Rodney, Thomas, and Burr, 3, [365].
Rôle d'équipage, and French depredations on neutral trade, 2, [294 n.]
Ronald, William, as lawyer, 1, [173];
in Virginia Ratification Convention, [472];
Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188].
Roosevelt, Nicholas J., and steamboat experiments, 4, [400];
and steamboat navigation of the Mississippi, [402], [402 n., 403 n.]
Roosevelt, Theodore, on British naval power, 4, [7 n.];
on impressment, [8 n.]
Ross, James, and Disputed Elections Bill, 2, [453].
Rowan, John, on Green vs. Biddle, 4, [381];
on Supreme Court, [453].
Rush, Benjamin, Conway Cabal, 1, [121-23].
Rutgers vs. Waddington, 3, [612].
Rutledge, Edward, on spirit of repudiation, 1, [307].
Rutledge, John [1], and Supreme Court, 3, [121 n.];
in Federal Convention, on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Rutledge, John [2], and slavery, 2, [449]:
on Judiciary Bill (1801), [550];
on French treaty, [525 n.];
in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [87-89];
as British partisan, 4, [5].
S. (? Samuel Nason), and Ratification, 1, [342].
St. Cloud Decree, 4, [36-39], [48-50].
St. Tammany's feast at Richmond, 1, [189].
Salaries, Federal (1800), 2, [539 n.]
Sandwich incident, 2, [496].
Sanford, Nathan, opinion on steamboat monopoly and interstate commerce, 4, [448].
Sanford, Me., and Ratification, 1, [342].
Santo Domingo, influence in United States of negro insurrection, 2, [20-22].
Sargent, Nathan, on esteem of M., 4, [581 n.]
Saunders, John. See Ogden vs. Saunders.
Savage, John, opinion on steamboat monopoly, 4, [449].
Savannah Gazette, on Yazoo frauds, 3, [561].
Schmidt, Gustavus, on M. as a lawyer, 2, [178].
Schoepf, Johann D., on Virginia social conditions, 1, [21 n.];
on irreligion in Virginia, [221 n.];
on shiftlessness, [278].
Schuyler, Philip, dissatisfaction, 1, [86];
and Burr, 3, [277 n.]
Scott, John, in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [490].
Scott, John B., and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Scott, Joseph, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [370].
Scott, Sir Walter, and Burr, 3, [537 n.]
Scott, Sir William, on slave trade and law of nations, 4, [477].
Scott, Winfield, on irreligion in Washington, 3, [7];
on Jefferson and trial of Burr, [406];
and Nullification, 4, [566];
escort for M.'s body, [588].
Secession, Federalist threats over assault on Judiciary (1802), 3, [73], [82], [89], [93], [97], [98], [151];
Louisiana Purchase and threats, [150];
and Chase trial, [217];
New England Federalist plots and Burr, [281], [298];
Merry's intrigue, [281], [288];
sentiment in West, [282], [297], [299];
of New England thought possible, [283];
Burr and Merry, [288-90];
no proposals in Burr's conferences, [292], [297], [303], [312];
rumors of Burr's purpose, Spanish source, [296], [299], [315];
Burr denies such plans, [316], [318 n.], [319], [326];
M. and Tucker on right, [430];
threats over neutral trade controversy, 4, [13 n.], [15], [17], [25];
M.'s rebuke, [17];
and admission of Louisiana, [27];
War of 1812 and threats, [30];
Hartford Convention, [51];
threats in attacks on M.'s Nationalist opinions, [314], [326], [338], [339], [381];
and Missouri struggle, [340-42];
M. on resistance to, [352], [353];
Jefferson's later threats, [368], [539];
South Carolina threat over Elkison case, [382];
threat on internal improvement policy, [421];
M. on Supreme Court and threats, [512], [513].
See also Nationalism; Nullification; State Rights.
Secretary of State, M. and (1795), 2, [147];
M.'s appointment, [486], [489-93];
M. remains after Chief Justiceship, [558].
Secretary of War, M. declines, 2, [485].
Sedgwick, Theodore, and M. (1796), 2, [198];
on effect of X. Y. Z. dispatches, [341];
on Gerry, [364];
on M.'s views on Alien and Sedition Acts, [391], [394], [406];
on M.'s election (1799), [417];
on M.'s importance to Federalists in Congress, [432];
on M. and Disputed Elections Bill, [457], [458];
on results of session (1800), [482];
on M. as man and legislator, [483], [484];
on M.'s efforts for harmony, [527];
on Republican rule, 3, [12];
on plans against Judiciary, [22];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, [94];
and secession, [97];
on Burr, [279 n.]
Sedition Act. See Alien and Sedition Acts.
Senate, arguments on, during Ratification, 1, [345];
opposition to secrecy, 2, [57].
See also Congress.
Separation of powers, M. on limitation to judicial powers, 2, [468-70];
incidental executive exercise of judicial powers, [470];
M. on legislative reversal of judicial decisions, 3, [177], [178].
See also Declaring acts void.
Sergeant, John, counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [385];
and in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, [541], [544], [547];
and in Worcester vs. Georgia, [549];
escort for M.'s body, [588].
Sergeant, Thomas, practitioner before M., 4, [237 n.]
Sewall, David, on demagoguery, 1, [290 n.];
on Ratification contest, [341].
Seward, Anna, as Philadelphia belle, 1, [100].
Sewell, T., and French War, 2, [424].
Shannon, Richard C., witness against Pickering, reward, 3, [181 n.]
Shays's Rebellion, M. on causes, 1, [298], [299], 3, [262 n.];
taxation not the cause, 1, [299], [300];
effect on statesmen, [300-02];
Jefferson's defense, [302-04];
as phase of a general movement, [300 n.];
and Ratification, [343].
Shephard, Alexander, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Shepperd, John, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547].
Sherburne, John S., witness against Pickering, reward, 3, [181 n.]
Sherman, Roger, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129];
on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Shippen, Margaret, as Philadelphia belle, 1, [109].
Shirley, John M., work on Dartmouth College case, 4, [258 n.]
Short, Payton, at William and Mary, 1, [159].
Short, William, at William and Mary, 1, [159];
on French Revolution, 2, [24];
Jefferson's admonitions, [25], [26];
on Lafayette, [34 n.]
"Silver Heels," M.'s nickname, 1, [74], [132].
Simcoe, John G., and frontier posts, 2, [111].
Sims, Thomas, on slander on Powell, 1, [290 n.]
Singletary, Amos, in Ratification Convention, 1, [344], [346].
Skipwith, Fulwar, on X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [336];
on probable war, [358].
Slaughter, Philip, on M. at Valley Forge, 1, [117], [118].
Slave representation, debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), 4, [501-07].
Slave trade, Northern defense (1800), 2, [449];
act against engaging in, [482];
M. on international recognition, 4, [476], [477].
Slavery, effect in colonial Virginia, 1, [20-22];
in debate on Ratification, [440];
attitude of Congress (1800), 2, [449];
acquiescence in, 3, [13 n.];
Nationalism and overthrow, 4, [370], [420], [536];
M.'s attitude, [472-79].
See also adjoining titles; and Missouri Compromise.
Slaves, of M.'s father, 1, [37 n.];
owned by M., [167], [180];
Jefferson's debts for, [224 n.];
provision in Peace of 1783, controversy, [230], 2, [108], [114], [121 n.];
in Washington (1801), 3, [8];
common carriers and transportation, 4, [478].
Sloan, James, and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 3, [348].
Smallpox, in Revolutionary army, 1, [87];
inoculation against, [162].
Smallwood, William, in Philadelphia campaign, 1, [100].
Smilie, John, in Ratification Convention, 1, [330].
Smith, Ann (Marshall), 1, [485].
Smith, Augustine, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Smith, Israel, of New York, in Burr conspiracy, 3, [466 n.], [491].
Smith, Senator Israel, of Vermont, and impeachment of Chase, 3, [158], [159];
votes to acquit, [219], [220].
Smith, Jeremiah, on Republican hate of M., 3, [161];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, 4, [233], [234], [250];
fee and portrait, [255 n.];
on M.'s decline, [586].
Smith, John, M.'s uncle, 1, [485].
Smith, John, of New York, votes to acquit Chase, 3, [219], [220].
Smith, John, of Ohio, votes to acquit Chase, 3, [219];
and Burr conspiracy, [291], [312];
Wilkinson's letter to, [314];
and rumor of disunion plan, [316], [319];
indicted for treason, [466 n.];
nolle prosequi, [524], [541 n.];
attempt to expel from Senate, [540-44].
Smith, John Blair, on Henry in campaign for Ratification delegates, 1, [365].
Smith, John Cotton, and Eaton's report on Burr's plans, 3, [305 n.]
Smith, Jonathan, in Ratification Convention, 1, [347].
Smith, Lize (Marshall), 1, [485].
Smith, Melancthon, on prosperity during Confederation, 1, [306];
on revolutionary action of Framers, [324].
Smith, R. Barnwell, on Nullification, 4, [560].
Smith, Robert, dismissal, 4, [34];
vindication, and M., [35].
Smith, Sam, on English interest in Ratification, 1, [313].
Smith, Samuel, on Pickering impeachment, 3, [167];
votes to acquit Chase, [220];
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), [347];
and Ogden-Smith trial, [436 n.];
of committee on expulsion of Smith of Ohio, [541 n.]
Smith, Samuel H., on drinking at Washington, 3, [10 n.]
Smith, Mrs. Samuel H., on Washington social life (1805), 3, [8 n.];
on Pinkney in court, 4, [134].
Smith, Thomas M., anecdote of M., 4, [83 n.]
Smith, Judge William, of Georgia, and Yazoo lands, 3, [549].
Smith, Representative William, of South Carolina, on French agents in United States (1797), 2, [281];
on travel (1790), 3, [55 n.]
Smith, Senator William, of South Carolina, on Missouri question, 4, [341].
Smith, William S., trial, 3, [436 n.]
Smith vs. Maryland, 4, [165 n.]
Sneyd, Honora, as Philadelphia belle, 1, [109].
Snowden, Edgar, oration on M., 4, [592].
Soane, Henry, 1, [11 n.]
Social conditions, in later colonial Virginia, 1, [19-28];
drinking, [23], [156 n.], [186 n.], [281-83], 2, [86], [102 n.], 3, [9], [400], [501 n.], 4, [189 n.];
qualities and influence of backwoodsmen, 1, [28-31], [235], [236], [274-77];
frontier life, [39-41], [53], [54 n.], 4, [188-90];
dress, 1, [59], [200], [208], 3, [396], [397];
Richmond in 1780, 1, [165];
degree of prosperity at period of Confederation, [273], [274];
classes in Virginia, [277], [278];
Jefferson on sectional characteristics, [278-80];
contrasts of elegance, [280];
food and houses, [280], [281];
amusements, [283];
Washington boarding-houses, 3, [7];
lack of equality (1803), [13];
state then, [13 n.];
advance under Republican rule, [15 n.];
later social life at Richmond, [394].
See also Bill of Rights; Communication; Economic conditions; Education; Government; Law and order; Literature; Marriage; Religion; Slavery.
Society, M.'s dislike of official, at Washington, 4, [83-85].
"Somers," attack on M., 4, [360 n., 361 n.]
South Carolina, and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [334];
Elkison negro seaman case, attack on Johnson's decision, [382], [383];
and Tariff of 1828, [537];
effect of Georgia-Cherokee contest on, [552].
See also Nullification.
South Carolina Yazoo Company, 3, [553 n.]
See also Yazoo.
Spain, attitude toward United States (1794), 2, [109];
depredations on American commerce, [496];

intrigue in West, Wilkinson as agent, 3, [283], [284];
resentment of West, expectation of war over West Florida, [284], [285], [295], [301], [306], [312], [383 n.];
treaty of 1795, [550 n.];
intrigue and Yazoo grant, [554].
Spanish America, desire to free, 3, [284], [286];
Miranda's plans, [286], [300], [301], [306];
revolt and M.'s contribution to international law, 4, [126-28].
See also Burr Conspiracy.
Speculation, after funding, 2, [82], [85];
in land, [202];
as National trait, 3, [557];
after War of 1812, 4, [169], [181-84].
See also Crisis of, 1819.
Speech, freedom, and sedition trials, 3, [42].
See also Press.
Stamp Act, opposition in Virginia, 1, [61-65].
Standing army. See Army.
Stanley, John, in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [74 n.], [75].
Stark, John, Ware vs. Hylton, 2, [188].
State Rights and Sovereignty, effect on Revolutionary army, 1, [82], [88-90], [100];
in American Revolution, [146];
and failure of the Confederation, [308-10];
union with democracy, 3, [48];
and declaring Federal acts void, [105];
M. on, as factor under Confederation, [259-62];
compact, 4, [316];
strict construction and reserved rights, [324 n.];
Taylor's exposition, [335-39];
forces (c. 1821), [370];
M. on effect of strict construction, [442];
and Georgia-Cherokee contest, [541];
incompatible with federation, [571].
See also Contracts; Eleventh Amendment; Implied powers; Government; Kentucky Resolutions; Nationalism; Nullification; Secession; Virginia Resolutions.
States, Madison on necessity of Federal veto of acts, 1, [312];
suits against, in Federal courts, [454], 2, [83].
See also Government.
Stay and tender act in Virginia, 1, [207 n.]
See also Debts.
Steamboats, Fulton's experiments, Livingston's interest, 4, [397-99];
Livingston's grants of monopoly in New York, [399];
first on the Mississippi, grant of monopoly in Louisiana, [402], [402 n., 403 n.], [414];
other grants of monopoly, [415];
interstate retaliation, [415];
great development, [415], [416].
See also Gibbons vs. Ogden.
Steele, Jonathan, witness against Pickering, reward, 3, [181 n.]
Stephen, Adam, in Ratification Convention, characterized, 1, [465];
on Indians, [465].
Steuben, Baron von, on Revolutionary army, 1, [84];
training of the army, [88 n.], [133].
Stevens, Edward, officer of minute men, 1, [69].
Stevens, Thaddeus, as House leader, 3, [84 n.]
Stevens vs. Taliaferro, 2, [180 n.]
Stevenson, Andrew, resolution against M'Culloch vs. Maryland, 4, [324];
and repeal of appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court, [379].
Stewart, Dr. ——, and Jay Treaty, 2, [121].
Stirling, William, Lord, intrigue against, 1, [122].
Stith, Judge, and Yazoo lands, 3, [555].
Stoddert, Benjamin, Aurora on, 2, [492];
at Burr trial, 3, [458];
as Secretary of the Navy, [458 n.];
proposes M. for President, 4, [31-34].
Stone, David, and Granville heirs case, 4, [155 n.]
Stone vs. Mississippi, 4, [279 n.]
Stony Point, assault, 1, [138-42].
Story, ——, on Ratification in Virginia, 1, [445].
Story, Elisha, Republican, 4, [96];
children, [97];
in Revolution, [97 n.]
Story, Joseph, on M. and his father, 1, [43];
on M. in Jonathan Robins case, 2, [473];
on Washington (1808), 3, [6];
and common-law jurisdiction, [28 n.], 4, [30 n.];
on Chase, 3, [184 n.];
on Jefferson's Anas, [230 n.];
and Yazoo claims, [583], [586];
on conduct of Minister Jackson, 4, [23];
on conduct of Federalists (1809), [23 n.];
on Federalists and War of 1812, [30], [40];
on Chief Justiceship, [59 n.];
appointed Justice, history of appointment, [60], [106-10];
compared and contrasted with M., [60];
on M.'s attitude toward women, [71];
and poetry, [80];
on M.'s charm, [81];
on life of Justices, [86], [87];
on M.'s desire for argument of cases, [94 n.], [95 n.];
character, [95];
as supplement to M., [96], [120], [523];
Republican, [96];
birth, education, [97];
antipathy of Federalists, [97];
in Congress, Jefferson's enmity, [97], [99];
cultivated by Federalists, [98];
devotion to M., [99], [523];
authority on law of real estate, [100];
and Nationalism, [116], [145];
on constitutionality of Embargo, [118 n.];
authority on admiralty, [119];
United States vs. Palmer, [126];
appearance, [132];
on oratory before Supreme Court, [133], [135 n.];
dissent in Nereid case, [142];
opinions in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [144], [145], [156], [161-64];
assailed for opinion, contemplates resignation, [166];
and Dartmouth College case, [232], [243 n.], [251], [255], [257], [259 n.], [274], [275];
opinion in Terrett vs. Taylor, [243];
on Dartmouth decision, [277];
on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [284], [287];
and M.'s reply to Roane, [322];
omnivorous reader, [363];
and Jefferson's attack on Judiciary, [363], [364];
opinion in Green vs. Biddle, [376];
on Todd's absence, [381 n.];
in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention, [471];
on slave trade and law of nations, [476];
opinion in Bank vs. Dandridge, [482];
dissent in Ogden vs. Saunders, [482 n.];
on proposed repeal of appellate jurisdiction, [514];
and M.'s suggested resignation, [520];
on M.'s recovery, [528];
dissent in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, [546 n.];
on Worcester vs. Georgia, [551];
on Nullification movement, [559];
on Jackson's Proclamation, [563];
M. and Commentaries and its dedication, [569], [576], [580], [581];
on Webster's speech against Nullification, [572];
article on statesmen, [577];
on M.'s green old age, [579];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583], [584 n.];
and M.'s decline, [586], [587];
epitaph for M., [592], [593].
Strict construction. See Nationalism; State Rights.
Strong, Caleb, and Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [129].
Stuart, David, and chancery bill (1787), 1, [219];
on title for President, 2, [36];
on Virginia's hostility to National Government (1790), [68 n.]
Stuart, Gilbert, and engraving for M.'s Washington, 3, [236 n.];
portraits of Dartmouth College case counsel, 4, [255 n.]
Stuart vs. Laird, 3, [130].
Sturges vs. Crowninshield, case, 4, [209];
M.'s opinion, [209-18];
right of State to enact bankruptcy laws, [208-12];
New York insolvency law as impairing the obligation of contracts, [212-18];
reception of opinion, [218], [219].
Sturgis, Josiah. See Sturges vs. Crowninshield.
Subpœna duces tecum, to President Adams, 3, [33], [86];
to Jefferson in Burr trial, [433-47], [450], [518-22];
Jefferson's reply, [454-56];
of Cabinet officers in Ogden-Smith case, [436 n.]
Suffrage, limitation, 1, [217 n.], [284], 3, [13 n.], [15 n.];
problem in Virginia, M.'s conservatism on it, 4, [468-71];
in Massachusetts Constitutional Convention (1820), [471];
debate in Virginia Constitutional Convention (1830), [501-07].
Sullivan, George, counsel in Dartmouth College case, 4, [234].
Sullivan, John, dissatisfaction, 1, [86];
Brandywine campaign, [95];
Germantown, [102];
intrigue against, [122].
Sullivan, John L., steamboat monopoly, 4, [415].
Sullivan, Samuel, Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [331].
Sumter, Thomas, on Judiciary Act of 1789, 3, [54];
and Yazoo claims, [583].
Supreme Court, Ware vs. Hylton, M.'s argument, 2, [189-92];
Hunter vs. Fairfax, [206-08];
M. declines Associate Justiceship, [347], [378], [379];
salaries (1800), [539 n.];
question of Chief Justice (1801), [552];
Jefferson's attitude and plans against, 3, [20-22];
United States vs. Hudson, no Federal common-law jurisdiction, [28 n.];
influence of Alien and Sedition Acts on position, [49];
Justices on circuit, [55];
act abolishing June session, purpose, [94-97];
low place in public esteem, [120];
first room in Capitol, [121 n.];
mandamus jurisdiction, [127-32];
plan to impeach all Federal Justices, [159-63], [173], [176], [178];
release of Swartwout and Bollmann on habeas corpus, [346], [348-57];
renewal of attack on, during Burr trial, [357];
becomes Republican, 4, [60];
under M. life and consultations of Justices, [86-89];
character on M.'s control, [89];
practitioners in M.'s time, [94], [95], [131-35];
appointment of successor to Cushing, Story, [106-10];
quarters after burning of Capitol, [130];
appearance in Nereid case, [131];
Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, right of appeal from State courts, [156-67];
salary question (1816), [166];
change in repute, [310];
apostacy of Republican Justices, [317], [358], [359], [444];
Wirt on, [369 n.];
attack in Congress, movement to restrict power over State laws (1821-25), [371-80], [394-96], [450];
renewal of attempt (1830), [514-17];
proposed Virginia amendment, [371], [378];
Green vs. Biddle, protest of Kentucky, [375-77], [380-82];
alarm in, over attacks, [381];
reversal of attitude toward, causes, [450-54];
personnel (1830), [510];
becomes restive under M.'s rule, [510], [513];
M. anticipates reaction in, against Nationalism, [513], [514], [582], [584];
Jefferson's later denunciation, [538];
Jackson's denial of authority of opinions, [530-32];
rule of majority on constitutional questions, [583].
See also Commerce; Contracts; Declaring acts void; Implied powers; International law; Judiciary; Marshall, John (Chief Justice); Nationalism; Story, Joseph; cases by title.
Swartwout, Samuel, takes Burr's letter to Wilkinson, 3, [307];
and Wilkinson, [320], [332 n.], [354 n.];
denial of Wilkinson's statement, [320 n.];
character then, later fall, [321 n.], [465];
arrested, mistreatment, [332], [334];
brought to Washington, [343];
held for trial, [344-46];
discharged by Supreme Court, [346-57];
testifies at Burr trial, [465];
not indicted, [466 n.];
insults and challenges Wilkinson, [471];
as Jackson's adviser, 4, [532 n.]
Sweden, and Barbary Powers, 2, [499].
Talbot, Isham, on Supreme Court, 4, [451].
Talbot, Silas, Sandwich affair, 2, [496];
Amelia case, 3, [16].
Talbot vs. Seeman, 3, [16], [17], [273 n.]
Taliaferro, Lawrence, colonel of minute men, 1, [69].
Talleyrand Périgord, Charles M. de, on narrow belt of settlement, 1, [258];
on Baltimore, [264];
on food and drink, [282];
rise, 2, [249], [250];
opinion of United States, [250], [251];
and Bonaparte, [272], [288];
and reopening of American negotiations, [423].
See also X. Y. Z. Mission.
Tallmadge, Benjamin, on War of 1812, 4, [40 n.]
Talmadge, Matthias B., Ogden-Smith trial, 3, [436 n.]
Taney, Roger B., as practitioner before M., 4, [135 n.];
counsel in Brown vs. Maryland, [455];
career, [455 n.];
later opinion on Brown vs. Maryland, [460];
Chief Justice, [584 n.]
Tariff, antagonistic State laws during Confederation, 1, [310], [311];
Taylor's attack on protection, 4, [338 n.], [366-68];
as element in strife of political theories, [370], [536];
threatened resistance, reference to by M. and Johnson, [384], [388 n.], [394 n.], [459], [536], [537], [555];
debate (1824) and Gibbons vs. Ogden, [421];
Compromise, [574].
See also Import duties; Nullification; Taxation.
Tarleton, Banastre, in Philadelphia society, 1, [109];
in Virginia, [144 n.]
Tarring and feathering, practice, 1, [214 n.]
Tassels, George, trial and execution, 4, [542], [543].
Tavern, Richmond (1780), 1, [172];
at Raleigh, 4, [65].
Taxation, Virginia commutable act, 1, [207 n.];
not cause of Shays's Rebellion, [299], [300];
opposition to power in Federal Constitution, [334];
Ratification debate, [342], [366], [390], [404], [413], [416], [419], [421];
proposed amendment on power, [477];
Federal, as issue (1800), 2, [520], [530 n.];
exemption of lands as contract, 4, [221-23];
M'Culloch vs. Maryland, Osborn vs. Bank, State taxation of Federal instruments, [302-08];
State power and commerce clause, [435], [454-59].
See also Directory; Excise; Finances; Requisitions; Tariff.
Taylor, George Keith, and privateer incident, 2, [106];
courtship and marriage, M.'s interest, [174], [175];
Federal appointment as nepotism, [560 n.]
Taylor, John, of Caroline, Hite vs. Fairfax, 1, [191], [192];
attack on Hamilton's financial system, 2, [69];
suggests idea of Kentucky Resolutions, [397];
and Callender trial, 3, [38 n.], [39], [176], [177], [190], [214];
and repeal of Judiciary Act, [58 n.], [607-10];
control of Virginia politics, 4, [146];
attack on M.'s Nationalist opinions, [309], [335-39];
attack on protective tariff, [338 n.], [366-68].
Taylor, John, of Mass., on travel, 1, [257];
in Ratification Convention, [345].
Taylor, Peter, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [425], [426], [465], [488].
Taylor, Robert, grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.]
Taylor, Thomas, security for Burr, 3, [429 n.]
Tazewell, Littleton W., grand juror on Burr, 3, [413 n.];
on Swartwout, [465 n.];
M. soothes, 4, [88];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484];
in debate on State Judiciary, [489], [490].
Tennessee, Burr in, his plan to represent in Congress, 3, [292-96], [312], [313];
tax on external banks, 4, [207];
and M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [334].
Tennessee Company, 3, [550], [553 n.]
See also Yazoo.
Terence, on law and injustice, 3, [1].
Terrett vs. Taylor, 4, [243 n.], [246 n.]
Territory, powers of Governor, 2, [446];
M. on government, 4, [142-44].
Thacher, George, and slavery, 2, [450].
Thatcher, Samuel C., on M.'s biography of Washington, 3, [269], [270].
Thayer, James B., on M. at Wickham's dinner, 3, [396 n.]
Theater, M. and, 2, [217], [231].
Thibaudeau, Antoine C. de, and 18th Fructidor, 2, [240].
Thomas, Robert, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [547].
Thompson, James, as M.'s instructor, 1, [53];
parish, [54];
political opinions, [54];
and military preparation, [70].
Thompson, John, address on Jay Treaty, 2, [126-29];
Curtius letters on M., [395], [396], 3, [354];
character, 2, [396 n.]
Thompson, John A., arrest by Georgia, 4, [574].
Thompson, Lucas P., in Virginia Constitutional Convention, 4, [496], [500].
Thompson, Philip R., in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [74];
and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), [347].
Thompson, Samuel, in Ratification Convention, 1, [345], [346], [348].
Thompson, Smith, on Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [406];
dissents from Brown vs. Maryland, [455];
on slave trade and law of nations, [476];
opinion in Ogden vs. Saunders, [481 n.];
dissent in Craig vs. Missouri, [513];
dissent in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, [546 n.];
and M., [582];
and Briscoe vs. Bank and New York vs. Miln, [583].
Thompson, William, attack on M., 3, [525], [533-35].
Thruston, Buckner, of Smith committee, 3, [541 n.]
Ticknor, George, on M., 4, [91 n.];
on Supreme Court in Nereid case, [131].
Tiffin, Edward, and Burr conspiracy, 3, [324].
Tilghman, Tench, on luxury in Philadelphia, 1, [108 n.]
Titles, influence of French Revolutions, 2, [36-38].
Toasts, typical Federalist (1798), 2, [349 n.];
Federalist, to the Judiciary, [548 n.];
Burr's, on Washington's birthday, 3, [280];
Jefferson's, on freedom of the seas, 4, [23];
Jackson's "Union," [557].
Tobacco, characteristics of culture, 1, [19];
universal use, 3, [399].
Todd, Thomas, and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, 4, [153];
and Dartmouth College case, [255];
and Green vs. Biddle, [381 n.];
on regulating power to declare State acts void, [396 n.]
Tompkins, Daniel D., and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [411].
Tories. See Loyalists.
Townsend, Henry A., and Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [409 n.]
Tracy, Uriah, and reopening of French negotiations, 2, [425];
on pardon of Fries, [430 n.];
on Republican ascendancy (1800), [521 n.];
in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [61];
on Louisiana Purchase, [150];
at Chase trial, [217];
and Burr, [281].
Transportation. See Commerce; Communication; Internal improvements.
Travel, hardships, 1, [250], [255-64];
conditions as an index of community isolation, [251], [255];
conditions (c. 1815), 3, [4 n., 5 n.];
stage time between Richmond and Raleigh (c. 1810), 4, [63 n.]

Treason, Jefferson's views in 1794 and 1807, 2, [91];
Fries trial, 3, [34-36];
basis of constitutional limitation, [349-51], [402-04];
necessity of actual levy of war, what constitutes, [350], [351], [377-79], [388], [442], [491], [505-09], [619];
presence of accused at assembly, [350], [484], [493-97], [502], [509-12], [540], [620-26];
legal order of proof, [424], [425], [484-87];
attempt to amend law, [540].
Treaties, M. on constitutional power of execution, Jonathan Robins case, 2, [461-71];
supreme law, 3, [17], 4, [156].
See also next title.
Treaty-making power, in Ratification debate, 1, [442], [444];
in contest over Jay Treaty, 2, [119], [128], [133-36], [141-43].
Trevett vs. Weeden, 3, [611].
Trimble, David, attack on Supreme Court, 4, [395].
Trimble, Robert, opinion in Ogden vs. Saunders, 4, [481 n.]
Triplett, James, and Callender trial, 3, [37].
Tronçon, ——-, and 18th Fructidor, 2, [240].
Troup, George M., and Yazoo claims, denunciation of M., 3, [596-601].
Troup, Robert on Republicans and X. Y. Z. dispatches, 2, [339], [342];
on M.'s return, [344];
on war preparations, [357], [363];
on Adams's absence, [431];
on disruption of British-debts commission, [501];
on Federalist dissensions, [526];
on Hamilton's attack on Adams, [528 n.];
on Morris in Judiciary debate (1802), 3, [71];
on isolation of Burr, [279 n.], [280 n.]
Trumbull, Jonathan, and pardon of Williams, 2, [496 n.]
Truxtun, Thomas, and Burr Conspiracy, 3, [302], [303], [614];
at trial, testimony, [451], [458-62], [488];
career and grievance, [458 n.], [462].
Tucker, George, on social conditions in Virginia, 1, [23 n., 24 n.]
Tucker, Henry St. George, and internal improvements, 4, [418];
counsel in Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [161].
Tucker, St. George, on British debts, 1, [441 n.];
and right of secession, 3, [430];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, 4, [148 n.], [151 n.]
Tucker, Thomas T., journey (1790), 3, [55 n.]
Tunno, Adam, and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Tupper, Edward W., and Burr conspiracy, 3, [427].
Turner, Thomas, sale to M.'s father, 1, [55].
Turner vs. Fendall, 3, [18].
Turreau, Louis M., on secession threats, 4, [25 n.]
Twelfth Amendment, origin, 2, [533 n.]
Tyler, Comfort, in Burr conspiracy, 3, [324], [361], [489], [491];
indicted for treason, [466 n.]
Tyler, John [1], in Ratification Convention: Vice-President, 1, [432];
in the debate, [440];
and amendments, [473], [474];
on Judiciary, 3, [28];
on speculation, [557 n.];
on M. and neutral trade controversy, 4, [25];
appointment as District Judge, Jefferson's activity, [103-06];
Livingston vs. Jefferson, [111-13].
Tyler, John [2], on Bank of the United States, 4, [289];
and American Colonization Society, [474], [476 n.];
tribute to M., [476 n.];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484].
Unicorn incident, 2, [103-06].
Union, M.'s early training in idea, 1, [9];
lack of popular appreciation, [285].
See also Confederation; Continental Congress; Federal Constitution; Government; Nationalism; Nullification; State Rights; Secession.
United States Oracle of the Day, on Paterson's charge, 3, [30 n.]
United States vs. Fisher, 3, [162].
United States vs. Hopkins, 3, [130 n.]
United States vs. Hudson, 3, [28 n.]
United States vs. Lawrence, 3, [129 n.]
United States vs. Palmer, 4, [126], [127].
United States vs. Peters, 3, [129 n.], 4, [18-21].
United States vs. Ravara, 3, [129 n.]
United States vs. Schooner Peggy, 3, [17], [273 n.]
United States vs. Worral, 3, [28 n.]
Upper Mississippi Company, Yazoo land purchase, 3, [550].
See also Yazoo.
Upshur, Abel P., and American Colonization Society, 4, [474];
in Virginia Constitutional Convention, [484], [502 n.]
Valentine, Edward V., on M., 4, [67 n.]
Valley Forge, army at, 1, [110-17], [131], [132];
M.'s cheerful influence, [117-20], [132];
discipline, [120].
Van Buren, Martin, on revolutionary action of Framers, 1, [323 n.];
on Supreme Court, 4, [380], [452];
as Jackson's adviser, [532 n.]
Van Horne's Lessee vs. Dorrance, 3, [612].
Van Ingen, James, and Livingston steamboat monopoly, suits, 4, [405-09].
Varnum, James M., on army at Valley Forge, 1, [115].
Varnum, Joseph B., and attempt to suspend habeas corpus (1807), 3, [348].
Vassalborough, Me., and Ratification, 1, [341].
Venus case, M.'s dissent, 4, [128], [129].
Vermont, and Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, 3, [105 n.], [106];
steamboat monopoly, 4, [415].
Vestries in colonial Virginia, 1, [52].
Veto of State laws, Madison on necessity of Federal, 1, [312].
See also Declaring acts void.
Villette, Madame de, as agent in X. Y. Z. Mission, 2, [290];
M.'s farewell to, [333].
Virginia, state of colonial society, 1, [19-28];
character and influence of frontiersmen, [28-31];
as birthplace of statesmen, [32];
colonial roads, [36 n.];
vestries, [52];
Convention (1775), [65], [66];
preparation for the Revolution, [69-74];
battle of Great Bridge, [74-78];
Norfolk, [78];
Jefferson's services during the Revolution, [128];
M. in Council of State, [209-12];
political machine, [210], 2, [56 n.], 4, [146], [174], [485-88];
suffrage and representation under first Constitution, 1, [217 n.];
religious state and controversy, [220-22];
and British debts, [223-31];
hardships of travel, [259-62];
classes, [277], [278];
houses and food, [280], [281];
drinking, [281-83];
paper money, [296];
prosperity during Confederation, [306];
tariff, [310];
attack on Constitution of 1776 (1789), 2, [56 n.];
and assumption of State debts, [62-69];
hostility to new government (1790), [68 n.];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [88-90];
Unicorn privateer incident, [103-06];
election on neutrality issue (1794), [106];
and Jay Treaty, [120], [126], [129];
Richmond meeting on Jay Treaty, [149-55];
Marshall's campaign for Congress (1798), [374-80], [401], [409-16];
election methods and scenes, [413-15];
survey for internal improvements (1812), 4, [42-45];
M. anticipates split, [571].
See also following titles; and Bank of Virginia; Cohens vs. Virginia; House of Burgesses; Legislature; Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee; Ratification.
Virginia Constitutional Convention (1829-30), M. and election to, 4, [467];
need, Jefferson and demand, [468], [469];
suffrage problem, M.'s conservatism on in, [469-71];
prominent members, [484];
petition on suffrage, [484];
M.'s report on Judiciary, [484], [485];
existing oligarchic system, [485-88];
extent of demand for judicial reform, [488];
M. as reactionary in, [488], [507], [508];
M.'s standing, [489];
debate on Judiciary, [489-501];
debate on suffrage, [501-07];
justification of conservatism, [508].
Virginia Resolutions, M. foretells, 2, [394];
framing and adoption, [399];
Madison's address of the majority, [400], [411];
M.'s address of the minority, [402-06];
military measure to uphold, [406], [408];
Henry on, [411];
consideration in Massachusetts, 3, [43];
Dana on, [45];
as Republican gospel, [105-08];
resolutions of Federalist States on, [105 n., 106 n.];
Madison's later explanation, [557];
as continued creed of Virginia, [576], [577].
See also State Rights.
Virginia Yazoo Company, 3, [553 n.]
See also Yazoo.
Visit and search, by British vessels, 2, [229].
See also Impressment; Neutral trade.
Wadsworth, Peleg, and M. (1796), 2, [198].
Wait, Thomas B., on Ratification in Pennsylvania, 1, [331 n.], [342].
Waite, Morrison R., on Dartmouth College case, 4, [280].
Waldo, Albigence, on army at Valley Forge, 1, [112-14], [124];
on prisoners of war, [115].
Walker, David, on Bank of the United States, 4, [289].
Walker, Freeman, on Missouri question, 4, [341].
War. See Army; Militia; Navy; Preparedness; and wars by name.
War of 1812, M.'s opposition, 4, [1], [35-41];
bibliography, [8 n.];
demanded by second generation of statesmen, [28], [29];
declaration, [29];
causes, [29 n.], [52-55];
opposition of Federalists, [30], [45], [46], [48];
and M.'s candidacy for President, [31-34];
dependence on European war, [50], [51];
Hartford Convention, [51];
direct and indirect results, [56-58];
finances, [177], [179].
Warden, John, offends Virginia House, 1, [215].
Ware vs. Hylton, M.'s connection and arguments, 2, [186-92].
Warrington, James, and Yazoo lands, 3, [566 n.]
Warville, Jean P. Brissot de, on tobacco culture, 1, [20 n.];
on drinking, [282 n.]
Washington, Bushrod, on Madison in Ratification Convention, 1, [395];
and Jay Treaty, 2, [121];
and M. (1798), [375];
appointment to Supreme Court, [378], [379];
appearance, 4, [131], [249];
and Martin vs. Hunter's Lessee, [156];
and Dartmouth College case, [255];
and M.'s reply to attack on M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [318];
opinion in Green vs. Biddle, [380];
opinion in Ogden vs. Saunders, [481 n.];
death, [581].
See also Biography.
Washington, George,
pre-presidential years:
in Braddock's march and defeat, 1, [2-5];
reported slain, [5];
and M.'s father, [7], [46];
landed estate, [20 n.];
as statesman, [32];
early reading, [46 n.];
influence of Lord Fairfax, [50];
on frontier discomforts, [53 n., 54 n.];
in Virginia Convention (1775), [66];
on military preparedness, [69];
on state of the army, [80-83], [86], [92], [131], [132];
on militia, [83-86], [100];
smallpox, [87 n.];
Brandywine campaign, [92-98];
campaign before Philadelphia, [98-102];
as sole dependence of the Revolution (1778), [101], [121], [124];
Germantown, [102-04];
besought to apostatize, [105], [130], [131];
final movements before Philadelphia, [105-07];
fears at Valley Forge, [114];
discipline, [120];
intrigue against, [121-23];
plea for a better Continental Congress, [124-26], [131];
distrust of effect of French alliance, [134];
Monmouth, [134-38];
and Stony Point, [139];
and light infantry, [139 n.];
and military smartness, [140 n.];
and Mary Cary, [150 n.];
and purchase of land from M.'s father, [167];
employs M.'s legal services, [196];
on post-Revolutionary Assembly, [206];
and relief for Thomas Paine, [213];
and internal improvements, [217];
hot-tempered Nationalism during Confederation, [342];
loses faith in democracy, [252];
on unreliability of newspapers, [268];
on drinking, [282 n.], [283];
on chimney-corner patriots, [286];
on debased specie, [297];
despair (1786), [301], [307];
on requisitions, [305];
on responsibility of States for failure of Confederation, [308], [309];
on influence in Virginia of previous ratifications, [356];
and Randolph's attitude on Ratification, [362], [377 n.], [382 n.];
on campaign for Anti-Constitutionalist delegates, [366], [367];
on opposition of leaders in State politics, [366 n.];
on detailed debate in Virginia Convention, [370 n.];
influence on Ratification Convention, [476];
on the contest in Virginia, [478];
and opposition after Ratification, [248];
as distiller, 2, [86 n.];
on West and Union, 3, [282 n.]
As President and after:
hardships of travel, 1, [255], [259];
influence of French Revolution, 2, [3];
and beginning of French Revolution, [10];
and Genêt, [28];
and imprisonment of Lafayette, [33];
on democratic clubs, [38], [88], [89];
Virginia address (1789), [57];
on Virginia's opposition (1790), [68 n.];
opposes partisanship, [76];
and antagonism in Cabinet, [82];
and Whiskey Insurrection, [87], [89];
and neutrality, [92];
on attacks, [93 n.], [164];
and attacks on M.'s character, [102], [103];
and British crisis (1794), [112];
attacks on, over Jay Treaty, [116-18];
J. Q. Adams on policy, [119 n.];
on attacks on treaty, [120];
M. refuses Cabinet offices, [122], [123], [147];
M. advises on Cabinet positions, [124-26], [132];
virtual censure by Virginia Legislature, [137-40];
offers French mission to M., [144-46];
and support of Jay Treaty, [149], [150];
final Republican abuse, [158], [162-64];
address of Virginia Legislature (1796), [159-62];
and M.'s appointment to X. Y. Z. Mission, [216];
Monroe's attack, [222];
M.'s letters during X. Y. Z. mission, [229], [233-44], [267-72], [320-23];
on hopes for X. Y. Z. Mission, [244];
on X. Y. Z. dispatches and French partisans, [340], [359], [360];
Federalist toast to (1798), [349 n.];
accepts command of army, [357];
does not anticipate land war, [357];
on Gerry, [365];
persuades M. to run for Congress (1798), [374-78];
Langhorne letter, [375 n.];
and M.'s election, [416];
and M.'s apology for statement by supporters, [416], [417];
death, M.'s announcement in Congress, [440-43];
House resolutions, authorship of "first in war" designation, [443-45];
and slavery petitions, [450 n.];
temperament contrasted with Adams's, [487 n.];
Jefferson's Mazzei letter on, [537 n.];
Weems's biography, 3, [231 n.];
and French War, [258 n.];
M.'s biography on Administration, [263-65];
and Yazoo lands, [569].
See also Biography.
Washington, D.C., Morris's land speculation, 2, [205 n.];
condition when first occupied, [494 n.];
aspect (1801), 3, [1-4];
lack of progress, [4-6];
malaria, [6];
absence of churches, [6];
boarding-houses, [7];
population, [9];
drinking, [9];
factions, [10];
Webster on, 4, [86].
See also District of Columbia.
Washington Federalist, on Hamilton's attack on Adams, 2, [528];
campaign virulence, [530 n.];
eulogism of Adams, [532 n.];
M.'s reputed influence over, [532 n.], [541], [547 n.];
and Jefferson-Burr contest, [534 n.], [540];
on Hay's attack on M., [543 n.];
on Republican armed threat, [544 n., 545 n.];
sentiment after Jefferson's election, [547 n.];
on Judiciary debate (1802), and secession, 3, [72];
on Bayard's speech on Judiciary, [82];
on Randolph's speech, [87 n.];
on repeal of Judiciary Act, [92], [93];
on Burr's farewell address, [274 n.]
Washington's birthday, celebration abandoned (1804), 3, [210 n.];
Burr's toast, [280].
Washita lands, Burr's plan to settle, 3, [292 n.], [303], [310], [312], [313], [314 n.], [319], [324 n.], [361 n.], [362], [461], [462], [523], [527];
Water travel, hardships, 1, [259], 3, [55 n.]
See also Steamboat.
Watkins, John, and Burr, 3, [295];
and Wilkinson and Adair, [337 n.]
Watson, Elkanah, on army at Valley Forge, 1, [111 n.];
on hardships of travel, [263 n.];
on Virginia social conditions, [277 n.];
on dissipation, [283 n.]
Wayne, Anthony, discipline, 1, [88];
in Brandywine campaign, [93], [95], [96];
in Philadelphia campaign, [100];
Germantown, [102];
Monmouth campaign, [135];
Stony Point, [139-41];
and supplies, [139 n.];
on military smartness, [139 n.]
Wayne, C. P., negotiations to publish M.'s biography, 3, [225-27];
agreement, [227], [228];
and political situation, [230];
solicitation of subscriptions, [230], [235];
and M.'s delays and prolixity, [235], [236], [239], [241];
and financial problem, [236], [250];
payment of royalty, [247], [248], [251];
and revised edition, [272].
Wayne, James M., appointment to Supreme Court, 4, [584].
Webb, Foster, and Tabby Eppes, 1, [182].
Webster, Daniel, on Yazoo claims, 3, [602];
opposes new Western States, 4, [28 n.];
and War of 1812, [48];
opposes conscription, [51 n., 52 n.];
on M., [59 n.];
on Washington, [86];
as practitioner before M., [95], [135];
on bank debate, [180];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [233], [234], [260], [273];
and story of Indian students, [233 n.];
on the trial, [237], [240 n.], [250 n.], [253 n.], [254 n.], [261 n.], [273], [274];
argument in case, [240-52];
tribute to Dartmouth, [248-50];
fee and portrait, [255 n.];
and success in case, [273];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, appearance, [284];
argument, [285];
on the case, [288];
debt to M. in reply to Hayne, [293 n.], [552-55];
counsel in Cohens vs. Virginia, [357];
in and on debate on Supreme Court, [379], [380], [395], [395 n.], [452 n.];
counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, [385];
resolution on regulating power to declare State acts void, [396], [451];
counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [413], [424];
argument, [424-27];

fanciful story on it, [424 n.];
overlooks M.'s earlier decision on question, [427-29];
and American Colonization Society, [474];
and recharter of the Bank, [530];
on Nullification, M.'s commendation, [572].
Webster, Ezekiel, on War of 1812, 4, [46 n.]
Webster, Noah, on Jacobin enthusiasm, 2, [35 n.];
on license of the press, [530];
and biography of Washington, 3, [225 n.]
Weems, Mason L., biography of Washington, 3, [225 n.], [231 n.];
character, [231];
career, [231 n.];
soliciting agent for M.'s biography of Washington, [231-34], [252];
his orders for books, [252 n.], [253 n.]
Weld, Isaac, on hardships of travel, 1, [250];
on William and Mary, [272];
on lack of comforts, [274];
on drinking, [281];
on passion for military titles, [328 n.];
on attacks on Washington, 2, [117 n.]
Wentworth, John, charter for Dartmouth College, 4, [224].
West, and attitude toward Union, Spanish intrigue, 3, [282-85], [297], [299], [554];
Burr turns to, [286];
M. on internal improvements and (1812), 4, [43-45];
War of 1812 and migration, [57];
See also Burr conspiracy; Frontier; Yazoo lands.
West Florida, expected war with Spain over, 3, [284], [285], [295], [301], [306], [312], [383 n.]
West Virginia, M. anticipates formation, 4, [571].
Western claims, Georgia claim and cession, 3, [553], [569], [570], [573].
Western Reserve, cession, 2, [446];
Granger's connection, 3, [578].
Westmoreland County, Vs., slave population (1790), 1, [21 n.]
Wharton, Colonel, and Swartwout and Bollmann, 3, [344].
Wheaton, Joseph, and Burr, 3, [304 n.]
Wheelock, Eleazer, and origin of Dartmouth College, 4, [223-26];
and Bellamy, [227].
Wheelock, John, President of Dartmouth College, 4, [226];
in Revolution, [226 n.];
troubles and removal, [227], [228];
reëlected under State reorganization, [232].
Whiskey Insurrection, opposition to Federal excise, 2, [86], [87];
outbreak, [87];
democratic societies and, [88], [89];
M. and, [89], [90];
Jefferson's support, [90];
political effect, [91].
Whitaker, Nathaniel, and Dartmouth College, 4, [223].
White, Abraham, in Ratification Convention, 1, [345].
White, Samuel, and Pickering impeachment, 3, [167], [168 n.]
White House, in 1801, 3, [2].
Whitehill, Robert, in Ratification Convention, 1, [329].
Whitney, Eli, cotton gin, 3, [555].
Whittington vs. Polk, 3, [612].
Wickham, John, as lawyer, 1, [173];
mock argument with M., 2, [184];
Ware vs. Hylton, [188];
and Chase impeachment, 3, [176];
Burr's counsel, at preliminary hearing, [373], [379], [407];
Burr and M. at dinner with, [394-97];
on motion to commit Burr for treason, [416], [418], [424];
and subpœna to Jefferson, [435];
on preliminary proof of overt act, [485];
on overt act, [491-94];
counsel in Hunter vs. Fairfax's Devisee, 4, [151];
practitioner before M., [237 n.]
Wickliffe, Charles A., bill on Supreme Court, 4, [380].
Widgery, William, in Ratification Convention, 1, [344], [345], [350].
Wilkins, William, and Burr, 3, [311 n.]
Wilkinson, James, Conway Cabal, 1, [121-23];
as Spanish agent, 3, [283], [284], [316], [320 n.], [337 n.];
and Burr's plans, proposes Mexican invasion, [290], [294], [297], [460];
and rumors of disunion plans, [297];
plans to abandon Burr, [298], [300 n.], [320];
at Louisiana frontier, expected to bring on war, [302], [308], [314];
Burr's cipher letter, [307-09], [614], [615];
letters to Adair and Smith, [314];
and Swartwout, [320], [354 n.], [465];
revelation to Jefferson, [321-23], [433], [518-22];
ordered to New Orleans, [324];
pretended terror, [328];
appeal for money to Viceroy, [329];
and to Jefferson, [330];
reign of terror in New Orleans, [330-37];
sends Jefferson a version of Burr's letter, [334];
Jefferson's message on it, [339], [341];
affidavit and version of Burr's letter in Swartwout case, [341], [352-56];
House debate on conduct, [358-60];
and Burr in Mississippi, denounced there, [364], [365];
attendance awaited at trial of Burr, [383], [393], [415], [416], [429], [431], [432], [440];
arrival and conduct, [456], [457];
Jackson denounces, [457];
before grand jury, barely escapes indictment, [463], [464];
swallows Swartwout's insult, [471];
fear, Jefferson bolsters, [472], [477];
attachment against, [473-75];
and Chesapeake-Leopard affair, [476];
personal effect of testimony, [523];
Daveiss's pamphlet on, [525].
William and Mary College, M. at, 1, [154];
conditions during period of M.'s attendance, [155-58], [272];
Phi Beta Kappa, [158];
debating, [159];
fees from surveys, [179 n.]
Williams, ——, counsel for Bollmann, 3, [453].
Williams, Isaac, trial and pardon, 2, [495], 3, [26].
Williams, Robert, in debate on repeal of Judiciary Act, 3, [73].
Williamsburg, and frontier minute men, 1, [75];
"Palace," [163 n.]
Williamson, ——, loyalist, mobbed, 1, [214].
Williamson, Charles, and Burr, 3, [288], [289].
Wills, of M.'s putative great-grandfather, 1, [483], [484];
of M.'s grandfather, [485];
M.'s, 4, [525 n.]
Wilson, James, and Ratification in Pennsylvania, 1, [329], [332];
and in Virginia, [401];
and common-law jurisdiction, 3, [24-26];
and British precedents, [28 n.];
on declaring acts void, [115 n.], [117];
and Yazoo lands, [548], [555];
in Federal Convention, on obligation of contracts, [558 n.]
Wilson vs. Mason, 3, [17 n.]
Wine, M. as judge, 4, [79].
See also Drinking.
Wirt, William, on William and Mary, 1, [156 n.];
on frontiersmen, [236 n.];
on M.'s appearance, 2, [168], [169];
on M. as lawyer, [192], [193], [195], [196];
on social contrasts (1803), 3, [13];
Letters of a British Spy, [13 n.];
in Callender trial, [38-40], [190], [203];
prosecutes Burr, [407];
dissipation, [407 n.];
on motion to commit Burr for treason, [417];
on subpœna to Jefferson, [438], [439];
on preliminary proof of overt act, [485];
on overt act, [495-97], [616-18];
on M. at trial, [517], [521];
in trial for misdemeanor, [522];
on M.'s personality, 4, [91 n.];
as practitioner before M., [95], [135 n.];
on long arguments, [95 n.];
on Pinkney, [131 n.], [134 n.];
counsel in Dartmouth College case, [239], [253];
and Kent, [256 n.];
counsel in M'Culloch vs. Maryland, [284];
and in Cohens vs. Virginia, [357];
on importance of Supreme Court, [369 n.];
on Oakley, [424];
counsel in Gibbons vs. Ogden, [424], [427];
and in Brown vs. Maryland, [455];
and in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia, [541], [544], [547];
and in Worcester vs. Georgia, [549].
Wolcott, Alexander, and Justiceship, 4, [110].
Wolcott, Oliver [1], on Giles, 2, [84 n.]
Wolcott, Oliver [2], on support of new government (1791), 2, [61 n.], [148];
on French Revolution, [92];
on M. and new French mission, [433];
on M.'s reply to Adams's address (1799), [434];
on M.'s position in Congress, [436], [437];
underhand opposition to Adams, [488 n.], [493], [517 n.];
Aurora on, [491];
on M. as Secretary of State, [492], [493];
on Federalist defeat in M.'s district, [515];
on Republican influence over Adams, [518];
and Hamilton's attack on Adams, [527 n.];
and M. and Jefferson-Burr contest, [536];
banquet to, [548];
on enlargement of Federal Judiciary, [548];
appointment as Circuit Judge, [559], [560];
on Washington (1800), 3, [4], [8], [8 n.];
on Jefferson and popularity, [19 n.];
on M.'s biography of Washington, [233].
Women, education in colonial Virginia, 1, [18 n.], [24 n.];
M.'s attitude, [198], 4, [71], [72].
Wood, John, attacks on Federalists, 2, [379], [409];
book suppressed by Burr, [380 n.];
character, 3, [316 n.]
Woodbridge, Dudley, testimony in Burr trial, 3, [489].
Woodbury, Levi, hears Dartmouth College case, 4, [234].
Woodford, William, battle of Great Bridge, 1, [76];
in battle of Germantown, [103].
Woodward, William H., and Dartmouth College case, 4, [233], [239 n.], [273].
Woodworth, John, opinion on Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [449].
Worcester, Samuel A., arrest by Georgia, 4, [547];
pardoned, [552 n.]
See also Cherokee Indians.
Worcester, Mass., and Ratification, 1, [341].
Worcester vs. Georgia. See Cherokee Indians.
Workman, James, and Burr, 3, [295];
and Wilkinson's reign of terror, [335].
Wright, John C., counsel in Osborn vs. Bank, 4, [385].
Wright, Robert, at Chase trial, 3, [183 n.];
on Yazoo claims, [600].
Wylly, Thomas, and Yazoo lands act, 3, [546], [547].
Wythe, George, M. attends law lectures, 1, [154];
as professor, [157];
as judge, [173];
candidacy for Ratification Convention, [359];
in the Convention: Chairman, [368];
appearance, [373];
and recommendatory amendments, [469];
and Judiciary Act of, 1789, 3, [129];
Commonwealth vs. Caton, [611].
X. Y. Z. Mission, M.'s financial reason for accepting, 2, [211-13], [371-73];
Aurora on M.'s appointment, [218], [219];
M. in Philadelphia awaiting voyage, [214-18];
Adams on M.'s fitness, [218];
M.'s outward voyage, [219-21], [229];
as turning point in M.'s career, [221];
task, [221];
French depredations on neutral trade, [223-25];
Pinckney not received as Minister, [224];
Adams's address to Congress, French demand for withdrawal, [225], [226], [255], [262], [316];
wisdom of appointment, [226];
selection of envoys, Gerry, [226-29];
envoys at The Hague, Gerry's delay, [230], [231];
influence of 18th Fructidor, [244];
Washington on expectations, [244];
journey to Paris, [245];
M.'s pessimistic view of prospects, [246];
venality of French Government, [247-49];
and victims of French depredations, [249];
Talleyrand's opinion of United States, [250];
Talleyrand's position and need of money, [251];
Gerry's arrival, [251];
Talleyrand's informal reception, meeting visualized, [251], [253];
Talleyrand's measure of the envoys, [252];
Talleyrand and King's conciliatory letter, [252], [253];
Church's hint, [254];
Paine's interference, [254];
American instructions, [255];
origin of name, [256], [339];
depredations continue, protests of envoys, [257], [258], [270], [271-277], [283], [284], [310], [313], [331];
Gerry's opposition to action, [258];
Federalist opinions of Gerry, [258 n.], [295], [296], [363-65];
first unofficial agent's proposal of loan and bribe, [259-61];
division of envoys on unofficial negotiations and bribe, [260], [261], [264], [314-17];
second unofficial agent, [261];
other French demands, [262];
further urging of loan and bribe, [263], [265-67], [273-76], [291], [313], [314], [315], [317], [318];
proposed return for instructions, [265];
and British-American and British-French relations, [271], [283], [295], [312], [321], [322];
and treaty of Campo Formio, [271-73];
third unofficial agent, [276];
intrigue and private conferences with Gerry, [276-78], [287], [294], [295], [310], [311], [313], [333];
intimidation, [278], [311];
threat of overthrowing Federalists, [278-81], [283], [286], [311];
decision against further unofficial negotiations, [281];
threat to asperse envoys in United States, [281], [312], [318-20], [327];
division on addressing Talleyrand directly, [282];
newspaper calumny, [282], [331];
Talleyrand's refusal to receive envoys, [284];
female agent to work on Pinckney, [290];
attempt to use debt to Beaumarchais, [292-94];
desire of M. and Pinckney to terminate, demand for passports, [296], [309], [310], [314], [326], [327], [331], [332];
preparation of American memorial, [296], [297];
its importance, [297];
its contents, [297-309];
necessity of American neutrality, [298-301];
review of Genêt's conduct, [301-03];
free ships, free goods, and Jay Treaty, [303-05];
defense of Jay Treaty, [305-08];
memorial ignored, [310];
French plan to retain Gerry, [312], [315], [317], [320], [323], [324], [326], [331];
meetings with Talleyrand, [315], [317];
dissension, [316], [328];
M.'s assertion of purely American attitude, [319];
M. on loan as ultimatum, [321];
Talleyrand's reply to memorial, [323-26];
complaint against American newspaper attacks, [324];
insult to M. and Pinckney, [325], [332];
American rejoinder, [326], [328-31];
Gerry stays, [327], [328], [333], [363];
reply on complaint about newspapers, [329-31];
departure of M. and Pinckney, [332];
M.'s farewell to friends, [333];
Pinckney on Gerry and M., [333], [365];
conditions in United States during, [335];
French reports in United States, [335];
arrival of first dispatches, Adams's warning to Congress, [336];
Republican demand for dispatches, [336-38];
effect of publication, war spirit, Republican about face, [338-43], [363];
M.'s return and reception, [343-55];
Jefferson's call on M., [346], [347];
origin of "millions for defense" slogan, [348];
M.'s addresses on, [350], [352], [353], [571-73];
Adams's statement of policy, [351];
effect on Federalist Party, [355-57], [361];
Jefferson's attempt to undo effect, [359-61], [368];
effect of dispatches in Europe, [363];
Talleyrand's demand on Gerry for the X. Y. Z. names, [364], [366];
M.'s fear of Gerry's stay, [365];
Adams and M.'s journal, [366];
Gerry's defense, M. and question of rejoinder, [367-69];
Giles's sneer and Bayard's answer (1802), 3, [77], [80].
Yates, Joseph C., on Livingston steamboat monopoly, 4, [406].
Yazoo lands, Rutledge on (1802), 3, [88];
and Chase impeachment, [174];
sale act (1795), graft, [546-50];
provisions, [550], [551];
popular denunciation of act, [551], [559-62];
and Indian titles, [552], [569], [570], [592];
earlier grant, [554];
character of second companies, [554];
and invention of cotton gin, [555], [556];
matter before first congresses, [560], [569], [570];
repeal of grant, theatricalism, [562-66];
Hamilton's opinion on validity of titles, [562], [563];
resale, "innocent purchasers" and property rights, [566], [578-80], [586], [588-90], [598];
National interest, pamphlets, [570-72];
and cession of Georgia's Western claim, [574];
report of Federal Commission, [574];
claim before Congress, Randolph's opposition, [574-83], [595-602];
memorial of New England Mississippi Company, [576];
popular support of Randolph, [581];
obstacles to judicial inquiry, [583];
friendly suit, Fletcher vs. Peck before Circuit Court, [583], [584];
case before Supreme Court, first hearing, [585];
question of collusion, Johnson's separate opinion, [585], [592], [601];
second hearing, [585];
M.'s opinion, [586-91];
legality of grant, effect of corruption, [587], [598], [599];
unconstitutionality of repeal, impairment of obligation of contracts, [590], [591];
attitude of Administration, [592];
importance of opinion, [593-95], [602];
congressional denunciation of opinion, [595-601];
popular support of denunciation, [599];
local influences on settlement, [601];
settlement, [602].
York, Me., and Ratification, 1, [341].
Young, Daniel, and disestablishment in New Hampshire, 4, [230 n.]
Zubly, John J., denounced by Chase, 3, [185 n.]

Transcriber's Note: Obvious errors in spelling and punctuation have been corrected. Footnotes have been renumbered and moved from the page end to the end of their respective chapters. Images have been moved from the middle of a paragraph to the closest paragraph break.

Using Index: The index at the end has links to all the four volumes. Follow these instructions if you would like to have your own copies of these volumes of "The Life of John Marshall" on your hard disk. Doing so will allow the index here to be used with all the many links to the volumes when not connected to the internet:

1. Create a directory (folder) named whatever you like (e.g., JMarshall).

2. Go to the PG Catalog page and download the below mentioned files and arrange them in your hard disk as per the following directory structure: