Taking the mean of all the groups equalizes conditions, and it is seen that the module in both sexes is almost identical with that of the more northern groups, to Point Barrow. But the north Arctic and northeastern groups give a cranial module that in both sexes is somewhat higher, though their stature, according to the available data (Deniker, Boas, Duckworth, Steensby, Thalbitzer), is not superior.
A very remarkable showing is that of the percentage relation of the female to male skull size in the three large groupings. In the first two it is identical, in the third it differs less than could confidently be expected among the closest relatives. Another remarkable fact is that this important relation is found to be much like that in the Eskimo in various groups of Indians; thus it was 96 in the Indians of Arkansas and Louisiana,[3] 95.5 in the Munsee of New Jersey,[146] and 96.4 in the Indian skulls of California.[147] But it is only 93.6 in the Sioux (52 male, 40 female skulls) and differs more or less also in other tribes and peoples. A comprehensive study of this relation, with due respect to age, will some day well repay the effort.
| Southwestern and midwestern | ||
|---|---|---|
| Males | Females | |
| (5) | (7) | |
| Togiak | 15.21 | 14.73 |
| (4) | (6) | |
| Mumtrak | 15.22 | 14.68 |
| (3) | (2) | |
| Southwestern Alaska | 15.25 | 14.90 |
| (9) | (4) | |
| Hooper Bay | 15.30 | 14.68 |
| (8) | (6) | |
| St. Michael Island | 15.30 | 14.72 |
| (5) | (7) | |
| Little Diomede Island | 15.33 | 15.09 |
| (14) | (20) | |
| Pastolik and Yukon Delta | 15.34 | 14.83 |
| (145) | (128) | |
| St. Lawrence Island | 15.42 | 14.27 |
| (4) | (2) | |
| Golovnin Bay to Cape Nome | 15.52 | 14.65 |
| (46) | (70) | |
| Nunivak Island | 15.53 | 14.90 |
| (13) | (16) | |
| Indian Point (Siberia) | 15.54 | 14.88 |
| (3) | (2) | |
| Chukchee | 15.56 | 15.05 |
| (4) | (1) | |
| Port Clarence | 15.57 | (14.57) |
| (9) | (16) | |
| Nelson Island | 15.59 | 14.64 |
| (3) | (3) | |
| Pilot Station, Yukon | 15.91 | 15 |
| (275) | (290) | |
| General averages, approximately | 15.44 | 14.77 |
| Females vs. males (M=100) | 95.7 | |
| Northwestern | ||
| (2) | (1) | |
| Kotzebue Sound | 15.05 | (14.67) |
| (12) | (8) | |
| Shishmaref | 15.19 | 14.71 |
| (132) | (84) | |
| Point Hope | 15.37 | 14.72 |
| (47) | (52) | |
| Point Barrow | 15.45 | 14.75 |
| (35) | (34) | |
| Barrow and vicinity | 15.46 | 14.66 |
| (27) | (24) | |
| Old Igloos near Barrow | 15.52 | 14.72 |
| (19) | (14) | |
| Wales | 15.66 | 14.86 |
| (274) | (217) | |
| General averages, approximately | 15.39 | 14.73 |
| Females vs. males (M=100) | 95.7 | |
| Northern and northeastern | ||
| (49) | (52) | |
| Greenland | 15.51 | 14.72 |
| (5) | (2) | |
| Hudson Bay and vicinity | 15.55 | 14.57 |
| (16) | (17) | |
| Baffin Land and vicinity | 15.55 | 15.04 |
| (6) | (10) | |
| Northern Arctic | 15.63 | 14.85 |
| (9) | (6) | |
| Southampton Island | 15.65 | 15.18 |
| (7) | (2) | |
| Smith Sound | 15.81 | 15.15 |
| (92) | (89) | |
| General averages, approximately | 15.62 | 14.92 |
| Females vs. males (M=100) | 95.5 | |
FOOTNOTES:
[144] Bull. 62, Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 22, Nos. 326-313.
[145] More or less danger in such cases as these lies in erroneous sexing of the skulls. Due to experience, care, and especially to the relatively numerous accompanying bones or skeletons, this danger in the present series has been reduced to the minimum.
[146] Bull. 62, Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 23.
[147] Cat. Crania, U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 2.