Detailed group data on the nasal index show that this ranges from 47.7 on the Yukon to 41.8 in the northernmost contingent of the Eskimo at Smith Sound. The Kotzebue group that shows even a higher index than on the Yukon is too small to have much weight. Barrow and Point Barrow are once more nearly the same, as are the Old Igloos and Greenland; and there are some other interesting relations.
| Southwestern and midwestern | |
|---|---|
| (6) | |
| Pilot Station, Lower Yukon | 47.7 |
| (5) | |
| Southwestern Alaska | 47.5 |
| (31) | |
| Indian Point (Siberia) | 46.5 |
| (13) | |
| Hooper Bay | 46.2 |
| (6) | |
| Cape Nome and Port Clarence | 46.0 |
| (280) | |
| St. Lawrence Island | 45.8 |
| (5) | |
| Chukchee | 45.6 |
| (10) | |
| Mumtrak | 45.2 |
| (107) | |
| Nunivak Island | 45.1 |
| (9) | |
| Togiak and vicinity | 45.0 |
| (29) | |
| Pastolik | 44.9 |
| (23) | |
| Nelson Island | 44.6 |
| (11) | |
| Little Diomede Island | 44.5 |
| (13) | |
| St. Michael Island | 42.9 |
| (4) | |
| Yukon Delta | 42.7 |
| Northwestern | |
| (3) | |
| Kotzebue | 49.0 |
| (20) | |
| Shishmaref | 46.0 |
| (34) | |
| Wales | 45.3 |
| (211) | |
| Point Hope | 44.9 |
| (56) | |
| Barrow and vicinity | 44.0 |
| (48) | |
| Igloos north of Barrow | 44.0 |
| (92) | |
| Point Barrow | 43.5 |
| Northern and northeastern | |
| (7) | |
| Hudson Bay and vicinity | 44.6 |
| (15) | |
| North Arctic | 44.1 |
| (29) | |
| Baffin Land and vicinity | 43.8 |
| (98) | |
| Greenland | 43.6 |
| (14) | |
| Southampton Island | 43.0 |
| (9) | |
| Smith Sound | 41.8 |
FOOTNOTES:
[154] Thomson, Arthur, The correlation of isotherms with variations in the nasal index. Proc. Seventeenth Intern. Cong. Med., London, 1913, Sec. I, Anatomy and Embryology, pt. II, 89; Thomson, Arthur, and Buxton, L. H. D., Man's nasal index in relation to certain climatic conditions, Journ. Roy. Anthrop. Inst., LIII, 92-122, London, 1923. Additional references in these publications; also in the latter an extensive list of data on nasal index in many parts of the world.
THE ORBITS
In many American groups the orbits are notoriously variable, yet their mean dimensions and index are of value.
The Eskimo orbits have long been known for their ample proportions. Their mean height and breadth are larger than those of any other known people and the excess is especially apparent when proportioned to stature. Taking the family as a whole, the mean height of the two orbits in males averages approximately 3.64 centimeters, the mean breadth 4.03 centimeters; while the males of 23 Algonquian tribes give for the same items 3.42 and 3.93, and those of 12 Siouan tribes 3.58 and 3.96 centimeters.
The general averages for the female Eskimo approach for orbital height 3.52 centimeters, for breadth 3.89 centimeters, dimensions which also surpass those in the females of any other known human group.
These large dimensions of the Eskimo orbit are, however, on closer examination into the matter, found not to be racial characters except in a secondary way. They are the direct consequence of the high and broad face. The correlation of the orbital height and breadth with the height and breadth of the face are shown by the following figures. These figures indicate also some additional details of interest.