| Southwestern and midwestern | |
|---|---|
| (10) | |
| Mumtrak | 88.4 |
| (11) | |
| Little Diomede Island | 89.4 |
| (6) | |
| Cape Nome and Port Clarence | 89.7 |
| (101) | |
| Nunivak Island | 90.1 |
| (31) | |
| Indian Point (Siberia) | 90.3 |
| (5) | |
| Chukchee | 90.6 |
| (6) | |
| Pilot Station, Lower Yukon | 91.0 |
| (5) | |
| Southwest Alaska | 91.4 |
| (271) | |
| St. Lawrence Island | 91.7 |
| (24) | |
| Nelson Island | 91.9 |
| (13) | |
| Hooper Bay | 92.5 |
| (29) | |
| Pastolik | 93.2 |
| (7) | |
| Togiak | 93.3 |
| (4) | |
| Yukon Delta | 93.8 |
| (13) | |
| St. Michael Island | 94.4 |
| Northwestern | |
| (3) | |
| Kotzebue | 86.1 |
| (20) | |
| Shishmaref | 88.9 |
| (34) | |
| Wales | 89.4 |
| (85) | |
| Point Barrow | 90.3 |
| (200) | |
| Point Hope | 90.4 |
| (53) | |
| Barrow | 91.1 |
| (43) | |
| Igloos north of Barrow | 91.1 |
| Northern and northeastern | |
| (9) | |
| Smith Sound | 87.6 |
| (13) | |
| Southampton Island | 88.4 |
| (28) | |
| Baffin Land and vicinity | 90.0 |
| (16) | |
| Northern Arctic | 91.0 |
| (94) | |
| Greenland | 91.6 |
| (7) | |
| Hudson Bay and vicinity | 92.3 |
THE UPPER ALVEOLAR ARCH
The dental arches correlate with function (use), with stature, with the dimensions of the face, and with those of the teeth. The western as well as other Eskimo show arches that are about equal in absolute dimensions to those of our taller Indians, such as the Munsee, Arkansas, and Louisiana;[155] but relatively to stature the Eskimo arch is decidedly larger.
The upper dental arch index L×100
B, now being used in preference to the unwieldy "uranic index" B×100
L of Turner, is rather high, showing that the arch is relatively, as well as absolutely, broad. The same index in the Munsee averaged in the males 82.8, in the females 82.7; in the Arkansas and Louisiana mound skulls 84.4 in the males and 85.1 in the females. Data are needed here for more extensive comparisons.
| Males | Females | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| External length | External breadth | Module (mean diameter) | Index L×100 B | External length | External breadth | Module (mean diameter) | Index L×100 B | |
| 11 groups: | ||||||||
| Southwestern and Midwestern | 5.56 | 6.66 | 6.11 | 83.5 | 5.34 | 6.38 | 5.86 | 83.8 |
| 6 groups: | ||||||||
| Northwestern | 5.63 | 6.61 | 6.12 | 85.1 | 5.38 | 6.31 | 5.85 | 85.2 |
| 5 groups: | ||||||||
| Northern Arctic and northeastern | 5.68 | 6.75 | 6.21 | 84.2 | 5.37 | 6.28 | 5.83 | 85.6 |
| Southwestern and Midwestern | |
|---|---|
| (5) | |
| Pilot Station, Lower Yukon | 79.4 |
| (8) | |
| Togiak and vicinity | 80.5 |
| (4) | |
| Chukchee | 81.1 |
| (12) | |
| Hooper Bay | 81.7 |
| (9) | |
| Mumtrak | 81.7 |
| (9) | |
| Little Diomede Island | 82.2 |
| (234) | |
| St. Lawrence Island | 83.0 |
| (10) | |
| St. Michael Island | 84.3 |
| (22) | |
| Pastolik | 84.4 |
| (90) | |
| Nunivak Island | 84.4 |
| (4) | |
| Southwest Alaska | 84.7 |
| (5) | |
| Cape Nome and Port Clarence | 84.9 |
| (22) | |
| Indian Point (Siberia) | 85.0 |
| (22) | |
| Nelson Island | 85.5 |
| Northwestern | |
| (39) | |
| Igloos north of Barrow | 84.1 |
| (14) | |
| Shishmaref | 84.4 |
| (171) | |
| Point Hope | 84.6 |
| (31) | |
| Wales | 84.9 |
| (38) | |
| Barrow | 85.8 |
| (66) | |
| Point Barrow | 87.1 |
| Northern and northeastern | |
| (9) | |
| Smith Sound | 82.7 |
| (13) | |
| Southampton Island | 83.7 |
| (7) | |
| Hudson Bay and vicinity | 84.4 |
| (23) | |
| Baffin Land and vicinity | 85.7 |
| (89) | |
| Greenland | 85.9 |
| (10) | |
| Northern Arctic | 86.5 |
Sex differences in the index are small, nevertheless the females tend to show a slightly higher index, due to relatively slightly smaller breadth of the arch.
The size of the arch and its index differ but little over the three main areas of the Eskimo territory, yet there are slight differences. They appear plainly in the following table. Notwithstanding the fact that on the whole the southwestern and midwestern groups are somewhat taller than those of the far north and northeast, the largest palate, in the males at least, is found in the latter area.