| Groups of males | Corresponding groups of females | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basion-nasion diameter | Its percentage relation to length of skull | Basion-nasion diameter | Its percentage relation to length of skull | |
| (13) | (13) | (13) | (13) | |
| Southwestern and Midwestern | 10.38 | 56.4 | 9.85 | 55.7 |
| (6) | (6) | (6) | (6) | |
| Northwestern | 10.58 | 56.4 | 10.06 | 56.3 |
| (5) | (5) | (5) | (5) | |
| Northern Arctic and northeastern | 10.65 | 56.2 | 10.06 | 55.4 |
The female measurement to that of the male, in the Eskimo, is as 94.9 to 100. As a similar relation of the cranial modules in the two sexes is close to 95.7, the anterior basal length would seem to be at a little disadvantage in the female Eskimo skull.
The same condition is seen also when the basion-nasion diameter is compared with the length of the skull. In the males, notwithstanding the fact that the length of the vault is increased through the development of the frontal sinuses and not infrequently also through that of the occipital ridges, the percentage relation of the basion-nasion to the maximum total length of the vault is approximately 56.3, in the females but 55.8. It seems therefore safe to say that in the Eskimo, in general, that part of the brain anterior to the foramen magnum is relatively somewhat better developed in the males than in the females.
But to this there are some exceptions. Thus it may be seen in the general table which follows that in the northwestern groups conditions in this respect are equalized; and in the succeeding detailed table it will be noted that while the males exceed the females in this particular in 14 of the groups, in 5 groups conditions are equal (or within one decimal), and in 5 the female percentage exceeds slightly that in the males. In the numerically best represented groups conditions are nearly equal, with the males nevertheless slightly favored.
An interesting point is that in the north and northeast, where the skulls are longest, there is evidently a slightly greater relative development of the occipital portion of the vault, or slightly lesser development of the frontal portion.
Some additional points of interest appear when the basion-nasion: skull-length index, taken collectively for the two sexes, is compared in the different groups. All these comparisons suffer, naturally, from unevenness and often insufficiency of the numbers of specimens, yet some of the results are very harmonious with those brought out repeatedly by other data. Thus the St. Lawrence material stands once more close to the medium of the southwestern and midwestern groups; Barrow and Point Barrow are almost identical; and so are the Old Igloos from near Barrow and Greenland. The St. Michael islanders show very favorably in the midwest, the Shishmarefs in the northwest and the Southampton islanders in the northeast.
| Southwestern and midwestern | |
|---|---|
| (5) | |
| Chukchee | 54.8 |
| (6) | |
| Pilot Station, Lower Yukon | 55.2 |
| (11) | |
| Little Diomede Island | 55.6 |
| (24) | |
| Nelson Island | 55.9 |
| (115) | |
| Nunivak Island | 56.0 |
| (10) | |
| Mumtrak | 56.1 |
| (279) | |
| St. Lawrence Island | 56.2 |
| (5) | |
| Southwestern Alaska | 56.2 |
| (29) | |
| Pastolik | 56.4 |
| (10) | |
| Togiak | 56.5 |
| (31) | |
| Indian Point and vicinity (Siberia) | 56.5 |
| (13) | |
| Hooper Bay | 56.6 |
| (14) | |
| St. Michael Island | 56.8 |
| Northwestern | |
| (51) | |
| Igloos southwest of Barrow | 55.9 |
| (99) | |
| Point Barrow | 55.9 |
| (69) | |
| Barrow | 56.1 |
| (34) | |
| Wales | 56.1 |
| (215) | |
| Point Hope | 57.0 |
| (20) | |
| Shishmaref | 57.1 |
| Northern and northeastern | |
| (33) | |
| Baffin Land and vicinity | 55.4 |
| (10) | |
| Northern Arctic | 55.7 |
| (7) | |
| Hudson Bay and vicinity | 56.0 |
| (100) | |
| Greenland | 56.1 |
| (7) | |
| Smith Sound (male) | 56.4 |
| (14) | |
| Southampton Island | 57.1 |