[588:1] Urban II., Adrian IV., Alexander V., Gregory VII., Benedict XII., Nicholas V., Sixtus IV., Urban IV., John XXII., Sixtus V., were among the many Popes of humble ancestry.
[589:1] Anselm of Milan (9th cent.), Regino of Prüm (10th cent.), Burchard of Worms (11th cent.), Ivo of Chartres (12th cent.), and Algerius of Liege (1120).
[589:2] The best edition is by Richter. Unfortunately there is no English translation.
[590:1] Lea, Formulary of the Papal Penitentiary, xxxi. to xxxv.
[590:2] Ibid.
[591:1] One of the most famous preachers of the 13th century was the German Franciscan, Berthold of Regensburg (d. 1272), who often preached to crowds numbering 100,000.
[592:1] See Robinson, Readings, i., 348.
[593:1] John Pegues Assinus, a doctor of Paris University, substituted the word consubstantiation.
[594:1] Kings, at their coronation, and sometimes at the approach of death, were by a special favour given the cup.
[594:2] Alexander of Hales gave the dogmatic justification of this idea.