A. Larvæ short, thick, with numerous fleshy tubercles; purplish.
a. Nox-group. Abdominal fold in ♂ very large; anal valves small, but swollen; antennæ moderate; wings entire, or tailed: includes the Indian Philoxenus-group. b. Coon-group. Abdominal fold in ♂ small; anal valves small, but swollen; antennæ moderate; wings tailed. c. Polydorus-group. Abdominal fold in ♂ small, or none; anal valves small or obsolete, hairy; wings tailed or entire.
d. Ulysses-group. e. Peranthus-group. Protenor-group (Indian) is somewhat intermediate between these, and is nearest to the Nox-group. f. Memnon-group. g. Helenus-group. h. Erectheus-group. i. Pammon-group. k. Demolion-group.
l. Erithonius-group. Sexes alike, larva and pupa something like those of P. Demolion. m. Paradoxa-group. Sexes different. n. Dissimilis-group. Sexes alike; larva bright-coloured; pupa straight, cylindric.
o. Macareus-group. Hind wings entire. p. Antiphates-group. Hind wings much tailed (swallow-tails). q. Eurypylus-group. Hind wings elongate or tailed.
Genus Leptocircus.
making, in all, twenty distinct groups of Malayan Papilionidæ.
The first section of the genus Papilio (A) comprises insects which, though differing considerably in structure, have much general resemblance. They all have a weak, low flight, frequent the most luxuriant forest districts, seem to love the shade, and are the objects of mimicry by other Papilios.
Section B consists of weak-bodied, large-winged insects, with an irregular wavering flight, and which, when resting on foliage, often expand the wings, which the species of the other sections rarely or never do. They are the most conspicuous and striking of eastern Butterflies.
Section C consists of much weaker and slower-flying insects, often resembling in their flight, as well as in their colours, species of Danaidæ.