Birds.—Blasius' List of Birds of Europe; Godman, On Birds of Azores, Madeira, and Canaries; Middendorf, for Siberia; Père David and Mr. Swinhoe, for China and Mongolia; Homeyer, for East Siberia; Mr. Blanford, for Persia and the high Himalayas; Mr. Elwes's paper on the Distribution of Asiatic Birds; Canon Tristram, for the Sahara and Palestine; Professor Newton, for Iceland and Greenland; Mr. Dresser, for Scandinavia; and numerous papers and notes in the Ibis; Journal für Ornithologie; Annals and Mag. of Nat. History; and Proceedings of the Zoological Society.

Reptiles and Amphibia.—Schreiber's European Herpetology.

TABLE I.

FAMILIES OF ANIMALS INHABITING THE PALÆARCTIC REGION.

Explanation.

Names in italics show families peculiar to the region.

Names inclosed thus (......) barely enter the region, and are not considered properly to belong to it.

Numbers are not consecutive, but correspond to those in Part IV.

Order and FamilySub-regionsRange beyond the Region.
Europe.Mediter-
ranean.
Siberian.Japan.
MAMMALIA.
Primates.
3. CynopithecidæEthiopian, Oriental
Chiroptera.
9. (Pteropidæ)Tropics of E. Hemisphere
11. RhinolophidæWarmer parts of E. Hemis.
12. VespertilionidæCosmopolite
13. NoctilionidæTropical regions
Insectivora.
15. MacroscelididæEthiopian
17. ErinaceidæOriental, S. Africa
21. TalpidæNearctic, Oriental
22. SoricidæCosmopolite, excl. Australia and S. America
Carnivora.
23. FelidæAll regions but Australian
25. ViverridæEthiopian, Oriental
27. HyænidæEthiopian, Oriental
28. CanidæAll regions but Australian
29. MustelidæAll regions but Australian
31. ÆluridæOriental
32. UrsidæNearctic, Oriental, Andes
33. OtariidæN. and S. temperate zones
34. TrichechidæArctic regions
35. PhocidæN. and S. temperate zones
Cetacea.
36 to 41.Oceanic
Sirenia.
42. ManatidæTropics, from Brazil to N. Australia
Ungulata.
43. EquidæEthiopian
47. SuidæCosmopolite, excl. Nearctic reg. and Australia
48. CamelidæAndes
50. CervidæAll regions but Ethiopian and Australian
52. BovidæAll regions but Neotropical and Australian

Hyracoidæ

54. (Hyracidæ)Ethiopian family
Rodentia.
55. MuridæAlmost Cosmopolite
56. SpalacidæEthiopian, Oriental
57. DipodidæEthiopian, Nearctic
58. MyoxidæEthiopian
60. CastoridæNearctic
61. SciuridæAll regions but Australian
64. OctodontidæAbyssinia, Neotropical
67. HystricidæEthiopian, Oriental
69. LagomyidæNearctic
70. LeporidæAll regions but Australian
BIRDS.
Passeres.
1. TurdidæCosmopolite
2. SylviidæCosmopolite
3. TimaliidæEthiopian, Oriental, Australian
4. PanuridæNearctic, Oriental
5. CinclidæOriental
6. TroglodytidæAmerican, Oriental
8. CerthiidæOriental, Nearctic
9. SittidæNearctic, Oriental, Australian, Madagascar
10. ParidæNearctic, Oriental, Australian [?]
13. PycnonotidæOriental, Ethiopian
14. OriolidæEthiopian, Oriental, Australian
17. MuscicapidæEastern Hemisphere
19. LaniidæEastern Hemisphere and N. America
20. CorvidæCosmopolite
23. (Nectariniidæ)Ethiopian, Oriental, Australian
24. (Dicæidæ)Ethiopian, Oriental, Australian
29. AmpelidæNearctic
30. HirundinidæCosmopolite
33. FringillidæAll regions but Australian
35. SturnidæEastern Hemisphere
37. AlaudidæAll regions but Neotropical
38. MotacillidæCosmopolite
47. (Pittidæ)Oriental, Australian, Ethiopian
Picariæ.
51. PicidæAll regions but Australian
52. YungidæN. W. India, N. E. Africa, S. Africa
58. CuculidæAlmost Cosmopolite
62. CoraciidæEthiopian, Oriental, Australian
63. MeropidæEthiopian, Oriental, Australian
67. AlcedinidæCosmopolite
69. UpupidæEthiopian, Oriental
73. CaprimulgidæCosmopolite
74. CypselidæAlmost Cosmopolite

Columbæ.

84. ColumbidæCosmopolite
Gallinæ.
86. PteroclidæEthiopian, Indian
87. TetraonidæNearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental
88. PhasianidæOriental, Ethiopian, Nearctic
89. TurnicidæEthiopian, Oriental, Australian
Accipitres.
94. VulturidæAll regions but Australian
96. FalconidæCosmopolite
97. PandionidæCosmopolite
98. StrigidæCosmopolite
Grallæ.
99. RallidæCosmopolite
100. ScolopacidæCosmopolite
104. GlareolidæEthiopian, Oriental, Australian
105. CharadriidæCosmopolite
106. OtididæEthiopian, Oriental, Australian
107. GruidæEastern Hemisphere, and N. America
113. ArdeidæCosmopolite
114. PlataleidæAlmost Cosmopolite
115. CiconiidæNearly Cosmopolite
117. PhænicopteridæNeotropical, Ethiopian, Indian
Anseres.
118. AnatidæCosmopolite
119. LaridæCosmopolite
120. ProcellariidæCosmopolite
121. PelecanidæCosmopolite
123. ColymbidæArctic and N. Temperate
124. PodicipidæCosmopolite
125. AlcidæN. Temperate zone
REPTILIA.
Ophidia.
1. TyphlopidæAll regions but Nearctic
5. CalamariidæAll other regions
6. OligodontidæOriental and Neotropical
7. ColubridæAlmost Cosmopolite
8. HomalopsidæOriental, and all other regions
9. PsammophidæEthiopian and Oriental
18. ErycidæOriental and Ethiopian
20. ElapidæAustralian and all other regions
24. CrotalidæNearctic, Neotropical, Oriental
25. ViperidæEthiopian, Oriental

Lacertilia.

26. Trogonophidæ
28. AmphisbænidæEthiopian, Neotropical
30. VaranidæOriental, Ethiopian, Australian
33. LacertidæAll continents but American
34. ZonuridæAmerica, Africa, N. India
41. GymnopthalmidæEthiopian, Australian, Neotropical
45. ScincidæAlmost Cosmopolite
46. Ophiomoridæ
47. SepidæEthiopian
49. GeckotidæAlmost Cosmopolite
51. AgamidæAll continents but America
52. ChamæleonidæEthiopian, Oriental
Chelonia.
57. TestudinidæAll continents but Australia
59. TrionychidæEthiopian, Oriental, Nearctic
60. CheloniidæMarine
AMPHIBIA.
Urodela.
3. ProteidæNearctic
5. MenopomidæNearctic
6. SalamandridæNearctic to Andes of Bogota
Anoura.
10. BufonidæAll continents but Australia
13. BombinatoridæNeotropical, New Zealand
15. AlytidæAll regions but Oriental
17. HylidæAll regions but Ethiopian
18. PolypedatidæAll the regions
19. RanidæAlmost Cosmopolite
20. DiscoglossidæAll regions but Nearctic
FISHES (FRESH-WATER).
Acanthopterygii.
1. GasterosteidæNearctic
3. PercidæAll regions but Australian
12. ScienidæAll regions but Australian
26. Comephoridæ
37. AtherinidæN. America and Australia
Physostomi.
59. SiluridæAll warm regions
65. SalmonidæNearctic, New Zealand
70. EsocidæNearctic
71. UmbridæNearctic
73. CyprinodontidæAll regions but Australia
75. CyprinidæAll regions but Australian and Neotropical

Ganoidei.

96. AccipenseridæNearctic
97. PolydontidæNearctic
INSECTS.
LEPIDOPTERA (PART).
Durini (Butterflies).
1. DanaidæAll tropical regions
2. SatyridæCosmopolite
8. NymphalidæCosmopolite
9. LibytheidæAll continents but Australia
10. NemeobeidæAbsent from Nearctic region and Australia
13. LycænidæCosmopolite
14. PieridæCosmopolite
15. PapilionidæCosmopolite
16. HesperidæCosmopolite
Sphingidea.
17. ZygænidæCosmopolite
21. StygiidæNeotropical
22. ÆgeriidæAbsent only from Australia
23. SphingidæCosmopolite

Coleoptera.—Of about 80 families into which the Coleoptera are divided, all the more important are cosmopolite, or nearly so. It would therefore unnecessarily occupy space to give tables of the whole for each region.