Land Shells.—The more important families being cosmopolite, and the smaller ones being somewhat uncertain in their limits, the reader is referred to the account of the families and genera under each region, and to the chapter on Mollusca in the concluding part of this work, for such information as can be given of their distribution.
TABLE II.
LIST OF THE GENERA OF TERRESTIAL MAMMALIA AND BIRDS INHABITING THE PALÆARCTIC REGION.
Explanation.
Names in italics show genera peculiar to the region.
Names inclosed thus (...) show genera which just enter the region, but are not considered properly to belong to it.
Genera which undoubtedly belong to the region are numbered consecutively.
| MAMMALIA. | |||||
| Order, Family, and Genus. | No. of Species. | Range within the Region. | Range beyond the Region. | ||
| PRIMATES. | |||||
| Semnopithecidæ. | |||||
| (Semnopithecus | 1 | Eastern Thibet) | Oriental genus | ||
| Cynopithecidæ. | |||||
| 1. | Macacus | 4 | Gibraltar, N. Africa, E. Thibet to Japan | Oriental | |
| CHIROPTERA. | |||||
| Pteropidæ. | |||||
| (Pteropus | 2 | Egypt, Japan) | Tropics of the E. Hemis. | ||
| (Xantharpyia | 1 | N. Africa, Palestine) | Oriental, Austro-Malayan | ||
| Rhinolophidæ. | |||||
| 2. | Rhinolphus | 9 | Temperate & Southern parts of Region | Warmer parts E. Hemisphere | |
| (Asellia | 1 | Egypt) | Ethiopian, Java | ||
| (Rhinopoma | 1 | Egypt, Palestine) | [?] India | ||
| (Nycteris | 1 | Egypt) | Nubia, Himalaya | ||
| Vespertilionidæ. | |||||
| 3. | Vesperugo | 1 | Siberia, Amoorland | [?] | |
| 4. | Otonycteris | 1 | Egypt | [?] | |
| 5. | Vespertilio | 35 | The whole region | Cosmopolite | |
| (Kerivoula | 1 | N. China) | Oriental, S. Africa | ||
| 6. | Miniopteris | 1 | S. Europe, N. Africa, Japan | S. Afric. Malaya, Austral. | |
| 7. | Plecotus | 1 | S. Europe | Himalayas | |
| 8. | Barbastellus | 2 | Mid. and S. Europe, Palestine | Darjeeling, Timor | |
| Noctilionidæ. | |||||
| 9. | Molossus | 2 | S. Europe, N. Africa | Ethiop., Neotrop., Australian | |
| INSECTIVORA. | |||||
| Erinaceidæ. | |||||
| 10. | Erinaceus | 4 | The whole region; excl. Japan | Oriental, Africa. | |
Talpidæ. | |||||
| 11. | Talpa | 5 | The whole region | N. India | |
| 12. | Scaptochirus | 1 | N. China | ||
| 13. | Anurosorex | 1 | N. China | ||
| 14. | Scaptonyx | 1 | N. China | ||
| 15. | Myogale | 2 | S. E. Russia, Pyrenees | ||
| 16. | Nectogale | 1 | Thibet | ||
| 17. | Urotrichus | 1 | Japan | N. W. America | |
| 18. | Uropsilus | 1 | E. Thibet | ||
| Soricidæ. | |||||
| 19. | Sorex | 10 | The whole region | Absent from Australia & S. America | |
| 20. | Crocidura | 4 | W. Europe to N. China | [?] | |
| CARNIVORA. | |||||
| Felidæ. | |||||
| 21. | Felis | 12 | The whole region; excl. extreme North | All regions but Austral. | |
| 22. | Lyncus | 9 | S. Europe to Arctic sea | America N. of 66° N.Lat. | |
| Viverridæ. | |||||
| (Viverra | 1 | N. China) | Oriental and Ethiopian | ||
| 23. | Genetta | 1 | S. Europe & N. Africa, Palestine | Ethiopian | |
| (Herpestes | 1 | N. Africa, Spain [?], Palestine) | Oriental and Ethiopian | ||
| Hyænidæ. | |||||
| 24. | Hyæna | 1 | N. Africa and S. W. Asia | Ethiopian, India | |
| Canidæ. | |||||
| 25. | Canis | 4 | The whole region | All reg. but Austral.[?] | |
| 26. | Nyctereutes | 1 | Japan, Amoorland, N. China | ||
| Mustelidæ. | |||||
| 27. | Martes | 7 | N. Europe and Asia, E. Thibet | Oriental, Nearctic | |
| 28. | Putorius | 3 | W. Europe to N. E. Asia | ||
| 29. | Mustela | 10 | The whole region | Nearctic, Ethiop., Himalayas, Peru | |
| 30. | Vison | 2 | Europe and Siberia | N. America, N. India, China | |
| 31. | Gulo | 1 | The Arctic regions | Arctic America | |
| 32. | Lutra | 2 | The whole region | Oriental | |
| 33. | Lutronectes | 1 | Japan | ||
| 34. | Enhydris | 1 | N. Asia and Japan | California | |
| 35. | Meles | 2 | Cen. Europe, Palestine, N. China, Japan | China to Hongkong | |
| Æluridæ. | |||||
| 36. | Ælurus | 1 | S. E. Thibet | Nepal | |
| 37. | Æluropus | 1 | E. Thibet | ||
| Ursidæ. | |||||
| 38. | Thalassarctos | 1 | Arctic regions | Arctic America | |
| 39. | Ursus | 4 | The whole region | Oriental, Nearctic, Chili | |
Otariidæ. | |||||
| 40. | Callorhinus | 1 | Kamschatka and Behring's Straits | ||
| 41. | Zalophus | 1 | Japan | California | |
| 42. | Eumetopias | 1 | Japan, Behring's Straits | California | |
| Trichechidæ. | |||||
| 43. | Trichechus | 1 | Polar Seas | Arctic America | |
| Phocidæ. | |||||
| 44. | Callocephalus | 3 | North Sea, Caspian, Lake Baikal | Greenland | |
| 45. | Pagomys | 2 | North Sea, Japan | N. Pacific | |
| 46. | Pagophilus | 2 | Northern Seas | N. Pacific | |
| 47. | Phoca | 2 | Northern Seas | N. Pacific | |
| 48. | Halichærus | 1 | North Sea and Baltic | Greenland | |
| 49. | Pelagius | 2 | Madeira to Black Sea | ||
| 50. | Cystophora | 2 | N. Atlantic | N. Atlantic | |
| SIRENIA. | Tropics & Behring's Strts. | ||||
| CETACEA. | Oceanic | ||||
| UNGULATA. | |||||
| Equidæ. | |||||
| 51. | Equus | 4 | Cent. and W. Asia & N. Africa | Ethiopian | |
| Suidæ. | |||||
| 52. | Sus | 2 | The whole region | Oriental, Austro-Malayan | |
| Camelidæ. | |||||
| 53. | Camelus | 2 | Deserts of Cent. and W. Asia and N. Africa | ||
| Cervidæ. | |||||
| 54. | Alces | 1 | North Europe and Asia | N. America | |
| 55. | Tarandus | 1 | Arctic Europe and Asia | Arctic America | |
| 56. | Cervus | 8 | The whole region | All regions but Austral. | |
| 57. | Dama | 1 | Mediterranean district | ||
| 58. | Elaphodus | 1 | N. W. China | ||
| 59. | Lophotragus | 1 | N. China | ||
| 60. | Capreolus | 2 | Temp. Europe and W. Asia and N. China | ||
| 61. | Moschus | 1 | Amoor R., N. China, to Himalayas | ||
| 62. | Hydropotes | 1 | N. China | ||
| Bovidæ. | |||||
| 63. |  | Bos | 1 | Europe, (not wild) | Oriental |
| 64. | Bison | 1 | Poland and Caucasus | ||
| 65. | Poephagus | 1 | Thibet | ||
| 66. | Addax | 1 | N. Africa to Syria | ||
| 67. | Oryx | 1 | N. Africa to Syria | Ethiopian deserts | |
| 68. |  | Gazella | 12 | N. Africa to Persia, and Beloochistan | S. Africa, India |
| 69. | Procapra | 2 | W. Thibet and Mongolia | ||
70. | | Saiga | 1 | E. Europe and W. Asia | |
| 71. | Pantholops | 1 | W. Thibet | ||
| (Alcephalus | 1 | Syria) | Ethiopian genus. | ||
| 72. | Budorcas | 2 | E. Himalayas to E. Thibet | ||
| 73. | Rupicapra | 2 | Pyrenees to Caucasus | ||
| 74. | Nemorhedus | 7 | E. Himalayas to E. China and Japan | Oriental to Sumatra, Formosa | |
| 75. | Capra | 20 | Spain to Thibet and N.E. Africa | Nilgherries, Rocky Mtns. | |
| HYRACOIDEA. | |||||
| Hyracidæ. | |||||
| (Hyrax | 1 | Syria) | Ethiopian genus | ||
| RODENTIA. | |||||
| Muridæ. | |||||
| 76. | Mus | ?15 | The whole region | E. Hemisphere | |
| 77. | Cricetus | 9 | The whole region | ||
| 78. | Cricetulus | 3 | N. China | ||
| 79. | Meriones | 8 | W. and Central Asia to N. China, N. Africa | Ethiopian, Indian. | |
| 80. | Rhombomys | 6 | E. Europe, Cent. Asia, N. Africa | ||
| 81. | Psammomys | 3 | Egypt and Palestine | ||
| 82. | Sminthus | 3 | East Europe, Siberia | ||
| 83. | Arvicola | ?21 | The whole region | Himalayas, Nearctic | |
| 84. | Cuniculus | 1 | N. E. Europe, Siberia | Arctic America | |
| 85. | Myodes | 1 | North of region | Nearctic | |
| 86. | Myospalax | 3 | Altai Mountains and N. China | ||
| Spalacidæ. | |||||
| 87. | Ellobius | 1 | S. Russia and S. W. Siberia | ||
| 88. | Spalax | 1 | Hungary and Greece to W. Asia, Palestine | ||
| Dipodidæ. | |||||
| 89. | Dipus | ?15 | S. E. Europe and N. Africa to N. China | Africa, India | |
| Myoxidæ. | |||||
| 90. | Myoxus | 12 | Temperate parts of whole region | Ethiopian | |
| Castoridæ. | |||||
| 91. | Castor | 1 | Temperate zone, from France to Amoorland | N. America | |
| Sciuridæ. | |||||
| 92. | Sciurus | 8 | The whole region | All regions but Austral. | |
| 92a. | Tamias | 1 | All Northern Asia | N. America | |
| 93. | Sciuropterus | 4 | Finland to Siberia and Japan | Oriental, Nearctic | |
| 94. | Pteromys | 3 | Japan and W. China | Oriental | |
| 95. | Spermophilus | 10 | E. Europe to N. China and Kamschatka | Nearctic | |
| 96. | Arctomys. | 4 | Alps to E. Thibet and Kamschatka | Nearctic | |
| Octodontidæ. | |||||
| 97. | Ctenodactylus | 1 | N. Africa | ||
| Hystricidæ. | |||||
| 98. | Hystrix | 2 | S. Europe, Palestine, N. China. | Ethiopian, Oriental | |
Lagomyidæ. | |||||
| 99. | Lagomys | 10 | Volga to E. Thibet and Kamschatka | Nearctic | |
| Leporidæ. | |||||
| 100. | Lepus | 12 | The whole region | All regions but Austral. | |
| BIRDS. | |||||
| PASSERES. | |||||
| Turdidæ. | |||||
| 1. | Turdus | 18 | The whole region (excluding Spitsbergen) | Almost cosmopolite | |
| 2. | Oreocincla | 1 | N. E. Asia and Japan, straggler to Europe | Oriental and Australian | |
| 3. | Monticola | 3 | S. Europe, N. Africa, Palestine, N. China | Oriental and S. African | |
| (Bessornis | 1 | Palestine) | Tropical and S. Africa | ||
| Sylviidæ. | |||||
| 4. | Cisticola | 1 | S. W. Europe, N. Africa, Japan | Ethiop., Orient., Austral. | |
| 5. |  | Acrocephalus | 10 | W. Europe to Japan | Orient., Ethiop., Austral. |
| 6. | Dumeticola | 4 | Nepaul, Lake Baikal, E. Thibet high | ||
| 7. | Potamodus | 3 | W. and S. Europe, N. Africa, E. Thibet | ||
| 8. | Lusciniola | 1 | S. Europe | ||
| 9. | Locustella | 7 | W. Europe and N. Africa to Japan | ||
| 10. | Bradyptetus | 2 | S. Europe and Palestine | ||
| 11. | Calamodus | ?3 | Europe, N. Africa, Palestine | ||
| 12. |  | Phylloscopus | 6 | The whole region (excluding western islands) | Oriental |
| 13. | Hypolais | 9 | Europe, N. Africa, Palestine, China | ||
| 14. | Abrornis | 2 | Cashmere, E. Thibet | ||
| 15. | Reguloides | 2 | Europe and China | ||
| 16. | Regulus | 4 | The whole region (excluding Iceland, &c.) | ||
| 17. | | Aedon | 2 | S. Europe, W. Asia, N. Africa | E. and S. Africa |
| 18. | Pyrophthalma | 2 | E. Europe and Palestine | ||
| 19. | Melizophilus | 2 | W. and S. Europe, Sardinia | ||
| 20. | Sylvia | 6 | Madeira to W. India, N. Africa | ||
| 21. | Curruca | 7 | Madeira to India, N. Africa | ||
| 22. | | Luscinia | 2 | W. Europe, N. Africa, Persia | |
| 23. | Cyanecula | 3 | Europe and N. Africa to Kamschatka | ||
| 24. | Calliope | 2 | N. Asia, Himalayas, China | ||
| 25. | Erithacus | 3 | Atlantic Islands to Japan | ||
| 26. | Grandala | 1 | High Himalayas and E. Thibet | ||
27. | | Ruticilla | 10 | Eu. to Japan, N. Afr., Himalayas | Abyssinia, India |
| 28. | Larvivora | 2 | E. Thibet, Amoor, Japan | ||
| 29. | Dromolæa | 3 | S. Europe, N. Africa, Palestine | Ethiopian | |
| 30. | Saxicola | 10 | The whole region | E. and S. Africa, India | |
| 31. | Cercomela | 2 | Palestine (a desert genus) | N. E. Africa, N. W. India | |
| 32. | Pratincola | 3 | W. Europe, N. Africa to India | Ethiopian to Oriental | |
| 33. | Accentor | 12 | W. Europe to Japan; high Himalayas | Himalayas(?) in winter | |
| Timaliidæ. | |||||
| 34. | Pterorhinus | 3 | Thibet and N. W. China | ||
| (Malacocercus | 1 | Palestine) | Oriental genus | ||
| (Crateropus | 2 | N. Africa, Persia) | Ethiopian genus | ||
| (Trochalopteron | 3 | E. Thibet) | Oriental genus | ||
| (Ianthocincla | 3 | E. Thibet) | Oriental genus | ||
| Panuridæ. | |||||
| (Paradoxornis | 3 | Himalayas and E. Thibet) | (?)Oriental genus | ||
| 35. | Conostoma | 1 | High Himalayas and E. Thibet | ||
| 36. | Suthora | 3 | E. Thibet | Himalayas, China, Formosa | |
| 37. | Panurus | 1 | W. Europe to W. Siberia | ||
| 38. | Heteromorpha | 1 | Nepaul and E. Thibet, from 10,000 feet altitude | ||
| 39. | Cholornis | 1 | E. Thibet | ||
| Cinclidæ. | |||||
| 40. | Cinclus | 5 | The whole region (Atlantic Islands excluded) | American highlands | |
| (Myiophonus | 1 | Turkestan, Thian-Shan Mountains, 6,000 feet | Oriental genus | ||
| Troglodytidæ. | |||||
| 41. | Troglodytes | 3 | Iceland and Britain to Japan | Neotropical and Nearctic, Himalayas | |
| (Pnoepyga | 2 | E. Thibet) | Oriental genus | ||
| Certhiidæ. | |||||
| 42. | Certhia | 2 | W. Europe to N. China | Himalayas, Nearctic | |
| 43. | Tichodroma | 1 | S. Europe to N. China | Abyssinia, Nepaul, high | |
| Sittidæ. | |||||
| 44. | Sitta | 7 | W. Europe to Himalayas and Japan | India, Nearctic | |
| Paridæ. | |||||
| 45. | Parus | 20 | W. Europe to Kamschatka, N. Africa | Nearctic, Oriental, Ethiopian | |
| 46. | Lophophanes | 6 | Europe and high Himalayas | Nearctic | |
| 47. | Acredula | 6 | W. Europe to N. China and Kamschatka | ||
| 48. | Ægithalus | 1 | S. E. Europe | Ethiopian | |
| Liotrichidæ. | |||||
| (Proparus | 4 | Moupin, in E. Thibet) | Oriental genus and fam. | ||
Pycnonotidæ. | |||||
| 49. | Microscelis | 1 | Japan | Oriental genus | |
| 50. | Pycnonotus | 2 | Palestine, N. China, Japan | Oriental and Ethiopian | |
| Oriolidæ. | |||||
| 51. | Oriolus | S. Europe, China | Ethiopian and Oriental | ||
| Muscicapidæ. | |||||
| 52. | Muscicapa | 2 | W. and Central Europe | Ethiopian. | |
| 53. | Butalis | 2 | W. Europe to Japan and China | E. and S. Africa, Moluccas | |
| 54. | Erythrosterna | 3 | Central Europe to N. China and Japan | Oriental & Madagascar | |
| (Xanthopygia | 1 | Japan) | Oriental genus | ||
| (Eumyias | 1 | E. Thibet) | Oriental genus | ||
| (Cyanoptila | 1 | Japan and Amoor) | Oriental genus | ||
| (Siphia | 1 | Moupin, E. Thibet) | Oriental genus | ||
| 55. | Tchitrea | 2 | N. China and Japan | Ethiopian and Oriental | |
| Laniidæ. | |||||
| 56. | Lanius | 11 | The whole region (excl. Atlantic Islands) | Nearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental | |
| (Telephonus | 1 | N. Africa) | Ethiopian genus | ||
| Corvidæ. | |||||
| 57. | Garrulus | 7 | W. Europe, N. Africa, to Japan | Himalayas, Formosa | |
| 58. | Perisoreus | 1 | N. Europe and Siberia | N. America | |
| (Urocissa | 2 | Cashmere, Japan) | Oriental genus | ||
| 59. | Nucifraga | 3 | W. Europe to Japan, and Himalayas | Himalayan pine forests | |
| 60. | Pica | 5 | W. Europe to China and Japan | S. China and Formosa migrants[?] | |
| 61. | Cyanopica | 2 | Spain, N. E. Asia and Japan | ||
| 62. | Corvus | 12 | The whole region | Cosmopolite (excl. S. Am.) | |
| 63. | Fregilus | 3 | W. Europe to N. China, Himalayas | Abyssinian mountains | |
| Nectariniidæ. | |||||
| (Arachnecthra | 1 | Palestine) | Oriental genus | ||
| Dicæidæ. | |||||
| (Zosterops | 1 | Amoor and Japan) | Ethiop., Orien., Austral. | ||
| Ampelidæ. | |||||
| 64. | Ampelis | 2 | Northern half of region | North America | |
| Hirundinidæ. | |||||
| 65. | Hirundo | 2 | The whole region | Cosmopolite | |
| 66. | Cotyle | 2 | The whole region (excl. Atlan. Is.) | Nearctic, Ethiop., Orien. | |
| 67. | Chelidon | 3 | The whole region | Oriental | |
| Fringillidæ. | |||||
| 68. | Fringilla | 6 | The whole region | Africa | |
69. | Acanthis | 3 | Europe and N. Africa to Central Asia | ||
| 70. | Procarduelis | 1 | High Himalayas and E. Thibet | ||
| 71. | Chrysomitris | 2 | W. Europe to Japan | N. and S. America | |
| 72. | Dryospiza | 4 | Atlantic Islands to Palestine, N. Africa | ||
| 73. | Metoponia | 1 | N. E. Europe to W. Himalayas | ||
| 74. | Chlorospiza | 5 | W. Europe, N. Africa to Japan | China, E. Africa | |
| 75. | Passer | 8 | The whole region | Ethiopian, Oriental | |
| 76. | Montifringilla | 4 | Europe to Cashmere and Siberia | ||
| 77. | Fringillauda | 1 | N. W. Himalayas to E. Thibet, high | ||
| 78. | Coccothraustes | 3 | W. Europe, High Himalayas to Japan | N. America | |
| 79. | Mycerobas | 2 | Central Asia & High Himalayas | ||
| 80. | Eophona | 2 | E. Thibet, China, and Japan | China | |
| 81. | Pyrrhula | 9 | Azores to Japan, High Himalayas | Alaska | |
| (Crithagra | 1 | Palestine) | Ethiopian genus | ||
| 82. | Carpodacus | 12 | Cent. Eu. to Japan, High Himalayas | India & China, N. Amer. | |
| 83. | Erythrospiza | 4 | N. Africa to Afghanistan and Turkestan | ||
| 84. | Uragus | 2 | Turkestan & E. Thibet to Japan | ||
| 85. | Loxia | 3 | Europe, High Himalayas to Japan | N. America | |
| 86. | Pinicola | 1 | N. Europe, Siberia | N. America | |
| 87. | Propyrrhula | 1 | High Himalayas | Darjeeling in winter | |
| 88. | Pyrrhospiza | 1 | Snowy Himalayas | ||
| 89. | Linota | 6 | The whole region | N. America | |
| 90. | Leucosticte | 4 | Turkestan to Kamschatka | N. W. America | |
| Emberizinæ | |||||
| 91. |  | Euspiza | 4 | E. Europe to Japan | N. America |
| 92. | Emberiza | 25 | Europe to Japan | ||
| 93. | Fringillaria | 2 | S. Europe, N. Africa | ||
| 94. | Plectrophanes | 2 | Northern half of region | ||
| Sturnidæ. | |||||
| 95. | Pastor | 1 | East Europe, Central Asia | India | |
| 96. | Sturnia | 2 | Amoor, Japan, N. China | Oriental | |
| 97. | Sturnus | 3 | The whole region (excl. Atlantic Islands) | India, China | |
| (Amydrus | 1 | Palestine) | N. E. African genus | ||
| 98. | Podoces | 3 | Cen. Asia, Turkestan, Yarkand | ||
| Alaudidæ. | |||||
| 99. | Otocorys | 6 | N. Europe to Japan, N. Africa, Arabia | India, N. America, Andes | |
| 100. | Alauda | 7 | The whole region (excl. Iceland) | India, Africa | |
| 101. | Galerita | 2 | Central Europe to N. China, N. Africa | India, Central Africa | |
| 102. | Calandrella | 4 | Central Europe to N. China, N. Africa | India | |
| 103. | Melanocorypha | 5 | S. Eu., N. Africa, N. & Cen. Asia | N. W. India | |
| 104. | Pallasia | 1 | Mongolia | ||
| (Certhilauda | 1 | N. Africa) | S. African genus | ||
| (Alaemon | 1 | N. Africa, Arabia) | Ethiopian genus | ||
105. | Ammomanes | 3 | S. Europe, N. Africa, to Cashmere | Africa, India | |
| Motacillidæ. | |||||
| 106. | Motacilla | 6 | The whole region | Oriental, Ethiopian | |
| 107. | Budytes | 4 | Europe to China | Oriental, Moluccas | |
| 108. | Calobates | 2 | Atlantic Is., W. Europe, to China | Malaisia, Madagascar | |
| Pittidæ. | |||||
| (Pitta | 1 | Japan) | Oriental & Austral. genus | ||
| PICARIÆ. | |||||
| Picidæ. | |||||
| 109. | Picoides | 3 | N. and Cen. Europe to Thibet & E. Asia | North America | |
| 110. | Picus | 16 | The whole region (excl. Atlantic Islands) | India, China, N. and S. America | |
| 111. | Hypopicus | 1 | N. China | Himalayas | |
| (Yungipicus | 1 | N. China) | Oriental genus | ||
| 112. | Dryocopus | 1 | N. & Cen. Europe to N. China | Neotropical | |
| 113. | Gecinus | 6 | W. Europe to Thibet, Amoor & Japan | Oriental | |
| Yungidæ. | |||||
| 114. | Yunx | 2 | W. Europe to N. W. India, Thibet and Japan | N. E. Africa, S. Africa | |
| Cuculidæ. | |||||
| 115. | Cuculus | 2 | The whole region (excl. Atlantic Islands) | Ethiop., Oriental, Austral. | |
| 116. | Coccystes | 1 | S. Europe and N. Africa | Ethiopian and Oriental | |
| Coraciidæ. | |||||
| 117. | Coracias | 1 | Cent. Europe to Cent. Asia | Ethiopian, Oriental | |
| (Eurystomus | 1 | Amoor in summer) | Oriental & Austral. genus | ||
| Meropidæ. | |||||
| 118. | Merops | 2 | S. Europe to Cashmere, N. Africa | Ethiopian and Oriental | |
| Alcedinidæ. | |||||
| (Halcyon | 3 | W. Asia, N. China, Japan) | Ethiop., Orien., Austral. | ||
| 119. | Alcedo | 2 | Europe, N. China | ||
| 120. | Ceryle | 2 | S. E. Europe, Japan | Africa, India, America | |
| Upupidæ. | |||||
| 121. | Upupa | 1 | S. Europe, N. China | Ethiop. & Oriental genus | |
| Caprimulgidæ. | |||||
| 122. | Caprimulgus | 5 | Europe to Japan | Ethiopian and Oriental | |
| Cypselidæ. | |||||
| 123. | Cypselus | 4 | The whole region (excl. Iceland) | Ethiopian, America | |
| 124. | Chætura | 2 | N. China, Dauria | Africa, India | |
COLUMBÆ. | |||||
| Columbidæ. | |||||
| 125. | Columba | 6 | The whole region | Africa, Asia, America | |
| 126. | Turtur | 4 | W. Europe to Japan | Ethiopian and Oriental | |
| (Alsæcomus | 1 | E. Thibet) | Oriental genus | ||
| GALLINÆ. | |||||
| Pteroclidæ. | |||||
| 127. | Pterocles | 2 | S. Europe, N. Africa, to W. India | Ethiopian genus | |
| 128. | Syrrhaptes | 2 | Central Asia, N. China | ||
| Tetraonidæ. | |||||
| 129. | Francolinus | 1 | Borders of Mediterranean | Ethiopian, Oriental | |
| 130. | Perdix | 2 | Europe to Mongolia | ||
| 131. | Coturnix | 1 | Central and S. Europe to Japan | Ethiop., Orien., Austral. | |
| 132. | Lerwa | 1 | Snowy Himalayas to E. Thibet | ||
| 133. | Caccabis | 5 | Cen. Europe and N. Africa to N. W. Himalayas | Abyssinia, Arabia | |
| 134. | Tetraogallus | 4 | Caucasus to E. Thibet and Altai |Mountains | ||
| 135. | Tetrao | 4 | Europe and N. Asia | N. America | |
| 136. | Bonasa | 1 | Europe and N. Asia | N. America | |
| 137. | Lagopus | 4 | Iceland, W. Europe to Japan | N. America, Greenland | |
| Phasianidæ. | |||||
| 138. | Crossoptilon | 4 | Thibet, Mongolia, N. China | ||
| 139. | Lophophorus | 3 | Cashmere to E. Thibet (highest woods) | ||
| 140. | Tetraophasis | 1 | E. Thibet | E. Thibet(?) | |
| 141. | Ceriornis | 1 | N. W. Himalayas (high) | Himalayas to W. China | |
| 142. | Pucrasia | 3 | N. W. Himalayas to N. W. China | Himalayas | |
| 143. | Phasianus | 10 | Western Asia to Japan | W. Himalayas, Formosa | |
| 144. | Thaumalea | 3 | E. Thibet to Amoor, N. China | West China | |
| 145. | Ithaginis | 2 | Nepaul to E. Thibet (high) | ||
| Turnicidæ | |||||
| 146. | Turnix | 2 | Spain and N. Africa, N. China | Ethiop., Orien., Austral. | |
| ACCIPITRES. | |||||
| Vulturidæ. | |||||
| 147. | Vultur | 1 | Spain and N. Africa to N. China | ||
| 148. | Gyps | 1 | S. Europe, Palestine, Cen. Asia | E. Africa, India | |
| 149. | Otogyps | 1 | S. Europe, N. Africa | S. Africa, India | |
| 150. | Neophron | 1 | Atlantic Isds. to Palestine | Africa, India | |
| Falconidæ. | |||||
| 151. | Circus | 5 | Europe to Japan | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 152. | Astur | 1 | Europe to N. China | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 153. | Accipiter | 2 | Europe to Japan | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 154. | Buteo | 4 | Europe to Japan | Cosmopolite (excl. Australia) | |
155. | Archibuteo | 1 | N. Europe to Japan | N. America | |
| 156. | Gypaetus | 1 | S. Europe, N. Africa | Abyssinia, Himalayas | |
| 157. | Aquila | 5 | Europe to Japan | Nearctic, Ethiop., Orien. | |
| 158. | Nisaetus | 2 | E. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia | India, Australia | |
| 159. | Circaetus | 1 | E. and S. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia | Africa, India | |
| 160. | Haliæetus | 3 | Iceland and S. Europe to Japan | Cosmopolite (excl. Neotropical region) | |
| 161. | Milvus | 4 | Europe to Japan, N. Africa | The Old World & Austral. | |
| 162. | Elanus | 2 | N. Africa, N. China to Amoor | Cosmopolite (excl. East U. S.) | |
| 163. | Pernis | 1 | Europe to Japan | Ethiopian and Oriental | |
| 164. | Falco | 5 | The whole region | Cosmopolite (excl. Pacific Islands) | |
| 165. | Hierofalco | 5 | The whole region | N. America | |
| 166. | Cerchneis | 4 | Atlantic Islands to Japan | Cosmop. (excl. Oceania) | |
| Pandionidæ. | |||||
| 167. | Pandion | 1 | Europe to Japan | Cosmopolite | |
| Strigidæ. | |||||
| 168. | Surnia | 1 | N. Europe and Siberia | North America | |
| 169. | Nyctea | 1 | Arctic regions | Arctic America | |
| 170. | Athene | 4 | Central and S. Europe to Japan | Ethiop., Orien., Austral. | |
| (Ninox | 1 | N. China and Japan) | Oriental genus | ||
| 171. | Glaucidium | 1 | Europe to N. China | America | |
| 172. | Bubo | 2 | Europe to N. China | Africa, India, America | |
| 173. | Scops | 3 | S. Europe to Japan | African, Orien., Austral. | |
| 174. | Syrnium | 5 | Europe to Japan | African, Oriental, Amer. | |
| 175. | Otus | 2 | Europe to Japan | Almost Cosmopolite | |
| 176. | Nyctala | 1 | N. Europe to E. Siberia | N. America | |
| 177. | Strix | 1 | Europe and N. Africa | All warm & temp. regions | |
| Peculiar or very characteristic Genera of Wading and Swimming Birds. | |||||
| GRALLÆ. | |||||
| Rallidæ. | |||||
| Ortygometra | 8 | Europe, N. E. Africa | |||
| Scolopacidæ. | |||||
| Ibidorhyncha | 1 | Cashmere & Cen. Asia, N. China | Himalayan Valleys | ||
| Terekia | 1 | N. E. Europe and Siberia | India, Australia (migrant) | ||
| Helodromas | 1 | E. and N. Europe, N. India | |||
| Machetes | 1 | N. and Cen. Europe, Cen. Asia | India in winter | ||
| Eurinorhynchus | 1 | N. E. Asia | Bengal | ||
| Glareolidæ. | |||||
| Pluvianus | 1 | N. Africa, Spain | |||
| Charadriidæ. | |||||
| Vanellus | 8 | Europe to the Punjaub | S. America | ||
Otididæ. | |||||
| Otis | 2 | W. Europe to Mongolia, N. Africa | |||
| ANSERES. | |||||
| Anatidæ. | |||||
| Aix | 1 | N. China to Amoor | N. America | ||
| Bucephala | 3 | Iceland, N. Europe, and Asia | N. America | ||
| Histrionicus | 1 | Iceland, N. Siberia | N. America | ||
| Harelda | 1 | North of whole region | Arctic America | ||
| Somateria | 3 | North of whole region | N. America | ||
| Œdemia | 3 | North of whole region | N. America | ||
| Laridæ. | |||||
| Rissa | 1 | North coasts of whole region | N. America | ||
| Colymbidæ. | |||||
| Colymbus | 3 | North of whole region | N. America | ||
| Alcidæ. | |||||
| Alca | 2 | North coasts of whole region | N. America | ||
| Fratercula | 3 | North coasts of whole region | N. America | ||
| Uria | 3 | North coasts of whole region | N. America | ||
| Mergulus | 1 | Iceland and Arctic coasts | Arctic America | ||
