rise of oligarchy, [240-246], [255-257], [264-265];

ordinances affected by local circumstances, [99], note 2;

strife of parties, [158-159], [190-191];

early privileges, [50-51];

questions of conflicting rights in, [51-52];

rolls, [259-260];

treaties made between towns, [52-53];

of eastern coast, their intense vitality, [360-361];

of Netherlands, their temper of independence, [360-361.]

Trade, mediæval system of, [55];