[26] Any historical student can easily satisfy himself of the truth of this statement by comparing the cases given by Barante in his Hist. des Ducs de Bourgogne with those given by Sismondi in the Hist. des Républiques Italiennes.
[27] Inferno; canto xii., 138.
[28] Ibid; canto vi., 60.
[29] Histoire des Républiques Italiennes, vol. x.
[30] For the working out of this principle by French and English nobilities into cruelties more frightful and inexcusable than any known to the Inquisition, see Orderic Vital Liv. XII. and XIII., also Barante's Histoire des Ducs de Bourgogne.
[31] For examples of the brilliant side of Polish history presented, and dark side forgotten, see Chodzko La Pologne Historique Monumentale et Pittoresque. For fair summaries, see Alison's Essay, and his chapter on Poland, in the History of Europe—the best chapter in the book. The main authorities I have followed are Rulhière and Salvandy.
[32] This statement is based upon my own observations in Poland in the years 1855-6.
[33] Rulhière, Anarchie de Pologne. Vol. I., page 47.
[34] Salvandy, Vie de Jean Sobieski. Vol. I., page 115.
[35] The effects of Polish anarchy at home and intrigue abroad are pictured fully in a few simple touches in the "Journal du Voyage de Boyard Chérémétieff." (Bibliotheque Russe et Polonaise.) Vol. IV., page 13.