The Most Bitter Foe of Nations, and the Way to Its Permanent Overthrow

by Andrew Dickson White

[36] To understand the causes of this deep hatred, see Monteil, Histoire des Français des divers Etats, Epitre 22.

[37] St. Beuve, Causeries de Lundi. Also Matthew Arnold's Essays.

[38] Guizot, Civilisation en France, 19me Leçon; also Hüllman's, Staedtewesen des Mittelalters. Vol. III., Chapter 1.

[39] For these preposterous complaints and claims see the Cahiers de doléances quoted in Sir James Stephens' Lectures.

[40] Some details of Richelieu's grapple with the aristocracy I have given in the Atlantic Monthly, Vol. ix., page 611.

[41] For samples of the mental calibre of French nobility under this regime, see case of Baron de Breteuil, who believed that Moses wrote the Lord's Prayer. Bayle St. John's translation of St. Simon, Vol. I., p. 179. For sample of their moral debasement, see case of M. de Vendome. Ibid., Vol. I., p. 187.

[42] In Les Plaideurs.

[43] In Le Médecin Malgré lui, and other plays.

[44] In Le Marriage Forcé.

[45] La Noblesse Commerçante. London, 1756.