Fig. 81.
Fig. 82.
Fig. 83.
Fig. 81.—Superficial muscles of the leg from inner side: 1, Vastus internus; 2, sartorius; 3, gracilis; 4, semitendinosus; 5, semimembranosus; 6, inner head of gastrocnemius; 7, soleus; 8, tendon of plantaris; 9, tendon of tibialis posticus; 10, flexor longus digitorum; 11, flexor longus hallucis; 12, tibialis anticus; 13, abductor hallucis. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)
Fig. 82.—Muscles of leg and foot (from before): 1, Tendon of rectus femoris; 2, vastus internus; 3, vastus externus; 4, sartorius; 5, iliotibial band; 6, inner head of gastrocnemius; 7, inner part of soleus; 8, tibialis anticus; 9, extensor proprius hallucis; 10, extensor longus digitorum; 11, peroneus longus; 12, peroneus brevis; 13, peroneus tertius; 14, origin of extensor brevis digitorum. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)
Fig. 83.—Superficial muscles of leg (from behind): 1, Vastus externus; 2, biceps flexor cruris; 3, semitendinosus; 4, semimembranosus; 5, gracilis; 6, sartorius; 7, outer, and 8, inner, head of gastrocnemius; 9, plantaris; 10, soleus; 11, peroneus longus; 12, peroneus brevis; 13, flexor longus digitorum; 14, tibialis posticus; 15, lower fibers of flexor longus hallucis. (Dorland’s Dictionary.)
Muscles of the Leg.—The greater part of the calf of the leg is formed by the [gastrocnemius], a large bulging muscle, which rises from the condyles of the femur and is inserted along with the [soleus], whose origin is on the back of the upper fibula, and the [plantaris], which comes from the linea aspera, into the os calcis by a common tendon, the tendo Achillis, the largest and strongest tendon in the body. Its action is to extend the foot and to rotate it slightly inward. Other extensors of the foot, which also evert it, are the [peroneus longus] and the [peroneus brevis] at the upper and outer part of the leg, the former rising from the outer tuberosity of the tibia and the upper fibula and being inserted into the first metatarsal and the internal cuneiform, the latter arising from the lower fibula and being inserted into the fifth metatarsal. The foot is flexed, adducted, and rotated inward by means of the [tibialis anticus], which rises from the outer tuberosity and the upper two-thirds of the outer surface of the tibia and is inserted into the internal cuneiform bone.
In the foot, and corresponding to the palmar fascia in the hand, is the plantar fascia, the densest of all fibrous membranes. There are also various annular ligaments, and the foot muscles are arranged similarly to those in the hand.