Structure and Functions of the Body / A Hand-Book of Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses and Others Desiring a Practical Knowledge of the Subject - Annette Fiske

The Blood Supply of the Lower Extremity.—The blood supply of the lower extremity comes from the external iliac artery, a branch of the common iliac, which passes obliquely downward and outward along the border of the psoas muscle to Poupart’s ligament, where it enters the thigh and becomes the femoral artery. Its only important branches are the deep epigastric, which goes up along the internal abdominal ring, and the deep circumflex iliac. As the femoral artery it passes down the inner side of the thigh to the internal condyle of the femur, being very superficial at Scarpa’s triangle, where it can be compressed with the thumb to stop hemorrhage below. If a tourniquet is applied, it should be applied a little lower down. The first and most important branch of the femoral is the profunda femoris.

About two-thirds of the way to the knee the artery takes the name popliteal. It lies superficially in the popliteal space back of the knee, but above and below it is covered with muscles. Its branches supply the knee-joint and nearby muscles and are unimportant. At the lower border of the popliteus muscle, a small muscle at the knee, it divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. The course of the former of these may be marked by a line from the inner side of the head of the fibula to midway between the malleoli at the front of the ankle, where it terminates in the dorsalis pedis artery for the back of the foot. By this last the pulse is sometimes taken and its pulsation is a guide in determining how high up to amputate in gangrene of the foot. The posterior tibial extends obliquely down the back of the leg to the heel, where it divides into the internal and external plantar arteries which go to the sole of the foot. Its most important branch is the peroneal.

Besides the deep veins accompanying the arteries there are the superficial veins, the internal or long saphenous on the inner side of the leg and thigh and the external or short saphenous on the middle of the leg posteriorly and emptying into the popliteal vein. Varicosity often occurs in these veins.

Nerves.—The nerves of the muscles about the hip are branches of the lumbar nerve. The anterior crural supplies the anterior part of the thigh, the gluteal the muscles of the same name, and the great sciatic the large muscles of the back of the thigh. Below the knee the anterior tibial goes to the tibialis anticus and the internal popliteal to the muscles of the calf, while the peroneus muscles are supplied by the musculo-cutaneous.

[INDEX.]

Abdomen, [132]
muscles, [132], et seq.
nerves, [134]
regions, [134], [135]
contents, [135], [136]
Abdominal aorta, [107], [109]
Abducens nerve, [83]
Abscess, [34], [51], [52], [100], [137], [152], [159], [168]
Absorbent vessels or lymphatics, [34]
Absorption of food, [33]
in intestines, [144]
in mouth, [136]
in stomach, [140]
Accommodation of eye, [72]
Acetabulum, [162], [187]
Acromion process, [173]
Adam’s apple, [121]
Adductor magnus muscle, [190]
Adenoids, [62]
Adipose tissue, [16]
Air, changes by breathing, [129], [130]
complemental, [129]
residual, [129]
supplemental, [129]
tidal, [129]
Air cells, [27]
Albumin in urine, [158]
Albuminoids, [12]
Alimentary canal, [136], et seq.
Alveoli of lungs, [126]
Amœba, [12]
Ampullæ of mamma or breast, [100]
Amputation, [177]
Amylopsin, [144]
Anabolism, [147]
Anasarca, [152]
Anatomy, [11]
Anconeus muscle, [182], [183]
Anemia, [120]
Aneurism, [109]
Ankle, [195]
Annular ligaments, [184], [198]
Ano-spinal reflex, [146]
Antrum of Highmore, [54], [57]
Anus, [141], [146]
Aorta, [99], [107], [109]
Aortic valve, [104]
Aponeuroses, [23]
Apoplexy, [79], [118]
Appendages of the skin, [40]
Appendix, vermiform, [145]
Aqueous humor, [70]
Arachnoid, [76]
Areola, [100]
Areolar tissue, [15]
Arteries, [27], [28], [29] , [107]
nerves, [29]
of back, [94], [95]
of brain, [77]
of breast, [100]
of chest, [99]
of heart, [107]
of intestine, [143], [145]
of kidney, [156]
of lower extremity, [198], [199]
of organs of generation, [168]
of pancreas, [153]
of spleen, [153]
of stomach, [139]
of upper extremity, [185], [186]
structure, [27]
Artery, axillary, [99], [100], [108], [185]
basilar, [77], [108]
brachial, [108], [177], [185]
carotid, common, [107], [108]
internal and external, [108], [137]
celiac axis, [109], [143], [150], [153]
cerebral, [77]
circumflex, [186]
coronary, [107]
communicating, [78]
digital, [186]
dorsalis pedis, [199]
epigastric, deep, [198]
facial, [28]
femoral, [190], [198]
gastric, [109]
hepatic, [109], [150]
iliac, common, [107], [109]
internal and external, [95], [109], [198]
circumflex, [198]
innominate, [107]
intercostal, [95], [97], [100], [108]
lumbar, [95], [109]
mammary, internal, [99], [100], [108]
mediastinal, [99]
mesenteric, [109], [143], [145], [153]
ophthalmic, [70]
peroneal, [199]
phrenic, [99], [109]
plantar, internal and external, [199]
popliteal, [198]
profunda, superior and inferior, [175], [186]
femoris, [198]
pudic, [168]
pulmonary, [106], [110]
radial, [108], [185]
renal, [109]
spermatic or ovarian, [109], [168]
splenic, [109], [153]
subclavian, [94], [99], [107], [108], [185]
suprarenal, [109]
suprascapular, [94]
thyroid axis, [108]
tibial, [198]
transversalis colli, [94]
ulnar, [108], [185]
umbilical, [107]
uterine, [168]
vertebral, [77]
Arytenoid cartilages, [122]
Ascending aorta, [107]
colon, [145]
Ascites, [34], [152]
Asphyxia, [128]
Astigmatism, [73]
Astragalus, [195]
Atlas, [91]
Auditory meatus, [52]
canal, external, [63]
internal, [64]
center, [81]
nerve, [64], [65], [84]
Auricles of heart, [103]
Axilla, [32]
Axillary artery, [99], [100], [108], [185]
Axis, [91]
Axis-cylinder process, [36], [37]
Back, [88], et seq.
muscles, [93], [94]
arteries, [94], [95]
nerves, [95]
Basilar artery, [77], [108]
Basilic vein, [109]
Biceps of arm, [175], [176]
of leg, [190], [191]
Bicipital groove, [175]
Bicuspid or mitral valve, [104]
teeth, [60]
Bile, [36], [143], [150]
Bilirubin, [12], [143], [151]
Biliverdin, [143], [151]
Bladder, [160]
Blind spot, [70]
Blood, [27], [116], et seq.
amount, [116]
arterial and venous, [29]
circulation of, [29], [105], et seq.
coagulation, [117], [118]
coloring matter, [119]
composition, [116], [117]
corpuscles, [116], [118], et seq.
fibrin, [117]
functions of, [116]
plaques, [120]
plasma, [33], [116], [117]
pressure, [114], [115]
serum, [117]
vessels, [27], et seq.
Bone, [17]
astragalus, [195]
atlas, [91]
axis, [91]
canaliculi, [17]
cancellous or spongy, [17]
carpal, [180], [181]
chemical composition, [18]
clavicle, [171]
coccyx, [90], [161]
compact, [17], [18]
cuboid, [195]
cuneiform, [181], [195]
endosteum of, [18]
ethmoid, [48], [53]
femur, [187]
fibula, [194], [195]
formation of, [18]
frontal, [49]
Haversian canals of, [17]
humerus, [175]
hyoid, [60]
ilium, [161], [162]
incus, [63]
innominate, [161], [162]
ischium, [161], [163]
lachrymal, [48], [54]
lacunæ of, [17]
lamellæ of, [17]
malar, [48], [54]
malleus, [63]
marrow of, [18]
maxillary, inferior, [48], [55]
superior, [48], [54]
metacarpal, [181]
metatarsal, [195]
nasal, [48], [55]
navicular, [195]
occipital, [48], [50]
os calcis, [195]
os innominatum, [161], [162]
os magnum, [181]
palate, [48], [54]
parietal, [48], [49]
patella, [19], [192]
pelvis, [161]
periosteum of, [18]
phalanges, of foot, [195]
of hand, [181]
pisiform, [181]
pubes, [161], [163]
radius, [178], [179]
ribs, [97], [98]
sacrum, [90], [161]
scaphoid, [181], [195]
scapula, [173]
semilunar, [181]
sphenoid, [48], [52]
stapes, [63]
sternum, [97]
structure of, [17]
tarsal, [195]
temporal, [48], [51]
tibia, [194]
trapezium, [181]
trapezoid, [181]
turbinated, [53]
inferior, [48], [53], [54]
ulna, [177], [178]
unciform, [181]
vertebræ, [88]
vomer, [48], [55]
Bones, classification of, [19]
flat, [20]
function of, [19], [20]
long, [19]
of back, [88]
of chest, [97], [98]
of cranium, [48], et seq.
of face, [53], et seq.
of lower extremity, [187], et seq.
of upper extremity, [171], et seq.
pelvic, [161], et seq.
sesamoid, [19]
short, [20]
Wormian, [19], [49]
Bow leg, [195]
Brachial artery, [108], [177], [185]
plexus, [84], [85]
Brachialis anticus, [175], [177]
Brain, [75], et seq.
areas, [81], [82]
arteries, [77]
function, [80], et seq.
parts, [75]
Broad ligaments of uterus, [165], [166], [168]
Bronchi, [123], [125]
Buffy coat, [117]
Bursæ, synovial, [20], [178]
Bursitis, [194]
Buttocks, [190]
Canal, alimentary, [136], et seq.
auditory, [63], [64]
central, of cord, [81]
Haversian, [17]
semicircular, [64], [66]
Canaliculi of bone, [17]
Cancellous tissue of bone, [17]
Cancer, [35], [58], [62], [100], [122], [139], [146], [169]
Canine teeth, [60]
Canthus of eye, [67], [68]
Capillaries, [28], [29]
Capitellum, [175]
Capsular ligament of hip, [193]
Carbohydrates, [12], [26], [147], [148], [151]
Cardiac cycle, [104]
muscle, [22], [25]
nerve, [78]
plexus, [87]
Caries, [98]
Carotids, common, [107], [108]
internal and external, [108], [137]
Carpal bones, [180], [181]
Carpus or wrist, [180], [181]
Cartilage, [16]
Cartilages, arytenoid, [122]
costal, [98]
cricoid, [121]
thyroid, [121]
triangular, [57]
Casein, [11]
Cauda equina, [79], [91]
Cecum, [145]
Celiac axis, [109], [150], [153]
Cells, [12], [13]
Central canal of cord, [81]
Cephalocele, [53]
Cerebellum, [51], [78]
Cerebral arteries, [77]
veins, [78]
Cerebro-spinal fluid, [34], [76], [79]
meningitis, [79]
nervous system, [75], et seq.
Cerebrum or brain proper, [51], [75]
Cervical nerves, [84]
plexus, [84]
vertebræ, [90], [91]
Cervix of uterus, [168]
Chemical composition of the body, [11]
of bone, [18]
Chest or thorax, [96]
arteries, [99]
bones, [97], [98]
muscles, [98], [99]
nerves, [99]
Cholesterin, [143]
Chordæ tendineæ, [104]
Choroid, [68]
Chromatic aberration, [73]
Chyle, [32], [33], [144]
Chyme, [139], [140]
Cilia, [15], [27]
Ciliary muscles, [69], [72]
processes, [69], [72]
Circle of Willis, [78], [108]
Circulation of the blood, fetal, [106], [107]
portal, [109], [110]
pulmonary, [110]
systemic, [105], [106], [107], et seq., [112], [113]
Circumflex artery, [186]
Circumflex nerve, [85], [186]
Circumvallate papillæ, [61]
Cirrhosis of liver, [152]
Clavicle, [171]
Cleft palate, [55]
Clitoris, [170]
Clotting of blood, [23], [117], [118]
of lymph, [33]
of muscle, [23]
Club-foot, [195]
Coccygeal nerve, [84]
vertebræ, [90]
Coccyx, [90], [161]
Cochlea, [64], [65]
Colles’ fracture, [171], [180]
Color blindness, [73]
perception, [73]
Coloring matters, [12]
of bile, [143], [151]
of blood, [119]
Colon, ascending, [145]
descending, [145]
transverse, [145]
Columnæ carneæ, [104]
Commissures of cord, [80]
Common bile duct, [150]
Communicating arteries, [78]
Compact tissue of bone, [17], [18]
Condyles, humerus, [175]
femur, [189]
Conjunctiva, [67]
Conjugate focus, [71]
Convolutions of brain, [76]
Connective tissue, [15], et seq.
areolar, [15]
bony, [17]
cartilaginous, [16]
elastic, [15]
fatty or adipose, [16]
fibrous, [15]
Coraco-brachialis, [177]
Coracoid process of scapula, [173]
Cordiform tendon, [98]
Cornea, [27], [68], [70]
Cornicula laryngis, [122]
Coronary artery, [107]
sinus, [105]
valve, [105]
Coronal suture, [48]
Coronoid fossa, [175]
process, [178]
Corpus luteum, [166]
Corpuscles of blood, [116], [118], et seq.
tactile, [37], [39], [46]
Corti, organ of, [65]
Costal cartilages, [98]
Coughing, [131]
“Coxa vera,” [189]
Cranial nerves, [77], [78], [83], [84]
Craniotabes, [53]
Cranium, bones of, [48], et seq.
Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone, [53]
Cricoid cartilage, [121]
Crista galli, [53]
Cross eye, [72]
Crossed pyramidal tract, [82]
Crucial ligaments, [193]
Crural nerves, [85], [199]
Crureus, [190]
Crying, [131]
Crypts of Lieberkühn, [143], [144], [145]
Crystalline lens, [69], [70]
Cuboid bone, [195]
Cuneiform bones, ankle, [195]
wrist, [181]
cartilages, [122]
Cutaneous nerves, [46], [85]
Cystic duct, [143], [152]
Deltoid, [174]
Dendrites, [36]
Derma, [39]
Descending aorta, [107]
colon, [145]
Diabetes mellitus, [151], [196]
Diaphragm, [98], [99], [128]
Diaphysis, [18]
Diastole, [104], [106]
Differentiation of tissues, [13]
Digestion, in mouth, [136]
in small intestine, [143], [144]
in stomach, [139], [140]
of fats, [144]
of proteids, [140], [144]
of starch, [136], [144]
Digital arteries, [186]
Diphtheria, [35]
Diploë, [20], [48]
Direct cerebellar tract, [82]
pyramidal tract, [80], [82]
Dislocation, [180], [193], [194]
Diuretics, [158]
Dorsal or thoracic nerves, [84], [85]
vertebræ, [90], [91]
Dorsalis pedis artery, [199]
Duct, common bile, [150]
cystic, [143], [152]
ejaculatory, [165]
hepatic, [143], [150]
lachrymal, [68]
of Rivinus, [62]
pancreatic, [153]
right lymphatic, [31], [32]
Stensen’s, [62]
Wharton’s, [62]
Ductless glands, [36]
Ductus arteriosus, [106], [107]
communis choledochus or common bile duct, [150]
Duodenum, [142]
Dupuytren’s contraction, [184]
Dura mater, [15], [76], [79]
Ear, [63], et seq.
external, [63]
function of, [65]
internal, [64]
function of, [65]
middle, [63]
function of, [65]
Edema, [33], [34], [122]
Eighth nerve, [64], [84]
Ejaculatory duct, [165]
Elbow, [32]
joint, [185]
Elastic tissue, [15]
Eleventh nerve, [84]
Emmetropic eye, [72]
Emphysema, [97]
Empyema of gall-bladder, [152], [153]
of lungs, [126]
End bulbs, [37]
Endocardium, [103]
Endolymph, [64], [65]
Endosteum, [18]
Endothelium, [14], [40]
Ensiform cartilage, [97]
Epidermis, [27], [39]
Epigastric artery, [198]
Epigastrium, [135]
Epiglottis, [60], [121], [136]
Epiphysis, [18], [189], [193]
Epithelium, [14], [27]
ciliated, [15], [27]
columnar, [14]
glandular, [14]
pavement, [14]
simple, [14]
stratified, [14]
Erythrocytes, [118], [119]
Esophagus, [138]
Ethmoid bone, [53]
Eustachian tubes, [52], [63]
valve, [106], [107]
Excreting glands, [35]
Extensor carpi radialis longior, [182], [183]
brevior, [182], [183]
ulnaris, [182], [183]
communis digitorum, [182], [184]
indicis, [182], [184]
minimi digiti, [182], [184]
ossis metacarpi pollicis, [182], [183]
primi internodii pollicis, [182], [183]
secundi internodii pollicis, [182], [183]
Eye, [66], et seq.
accommodation, [72]
coats of, [68]
color of, [69]
formation of image in, [70], et seq.
humors of, [70]
muscles of, [67]
nerves of, [67], [68]
teeth, [60]
Eyeball, [66]
Eyebrows, [66]
Eyelashes, [67]
Eyelids, [66], [67]
Face, bones of, [53], et seq.
Facial artery, [28]
nerve, [83], [84]
Fallopian tubes, [166], [167]
Far-sightedness, [72], [73]
Fat or adipose tissue, [16]
Fats, [12], [147], [148]
absorption, [144]
digestion, [143], [144]
False pelvis, [163]
ribs, [97]
Fascia, lumbar, [133]
Fascia, palmar, [184]
plantar, [198]
Fasciæ, [15], [21]
Fasciculi, [21]
Fauces, pillars of, [59]
Feces, [146]
Female generative organs, [163], [165], et seq.
Femoral artery, [190], [198]
Femur, [187]
Fenestra ovalis, [63], [65]
rotunda, [65]
Ferments, [12], [136], [144]
Fetal circulation, [106], [107]
Fetus, [111]
Fever, [45]
Fibrin, [11], [23], [33], [117]
ferment, [117]
Fibrinogen, [117]
Fibrous tissue, [15]
Fibula, [194], [195]
Fifth nerve, [83]
Filum terminale, [78], [91]
Fimbriæ, [167]
First nerve, [83]
Fissure of Rolando, [75], [82]
of Sylvius, [75]
Flexor carpi radialis, [182], [183]
ulnaris, [182], [183]
longus pollicis, [182], [183]
profundus digitorum, [182], [183]
sublimis digitorum, [182], [183]
Floating ribs, [97]
Follicles, Graafian, [166]
Fontanelles, [19], [49]
Food, [147]
amount, [148]
classes of, [147]
cooking, [148]
function, [147], [148]
Foot, bones of, [195], [196]
muscles of, [198]
Foramen, intervertebral, [90]
magnum, [50]
nutrient, [19]
obturator, [163]
of Majendie, [79]
optic, [66], [70]
ovale, [106]
Foreign bodies, [118], [122], [137], [146]
Fossa, coronoid, [175]
glenoid, [51]
iliac, [163]
nasal, [55], [57]
olecranon, [175]
Fourchette, [170]
Fourth nerve, [68], [83]
Fovea centralis, [70]
Fractures, [98], [164], [171], [174], [175], [177], [180], [181], [193], [194], [195], [196]
Frenum of tongue, [60]
Frontal bone, [48], [49]
Gall-bladder [143], [152], [153]
stones, [143]
Ganglia, [87], [110]
Gangrene, [180], [199]
Gastric artery, [109]
glands, [35]
juice, [139]
vein, [110], [150]
Gastrocnemius, [196]
Generative organs, female, [163], [165], et seq.
male, [163], [164], [165]
Genito-crural nerve, [85]
Gladiolus [97]
Glands, [32], [35], [36]
ductless, [36]
excreting, [35]
functions, [36]
gastric, [35]
lachrymal, [68]
lymphatic, [32], [34], [35]
mammary, [99], [100]
Meibomian, [67]
of Lieberkühn, [143], [144], [145]
parotid, [51], [62]
Peyer’s, [142]
procreating, [165]
prostate, [164], [165]
racemose, [35]
salivary, [35], [61], [136]
sebaceous, [35], [40], [41]
secreting, [35]
solitary, [142], [145]
sublingual, [56], [62]
submaxillary, [56], [62]
sweat, [35], [42]
thymus, [124]
thyroid, [124]
Glenoid cavity, [173]
fossa, [51]
Globulin, [11]
Glosso-pharyngeal nerve, [61], [84]
Glottis, [122], [129]
Gluteal nerves, [199]
Glutei muscles, [190]
Glycogen, [26], [36], [150], [151]
Goiter, [124]
Gonorrhea, [160], [168]
Graafian follicles, [166]
Gray matter of brain and cord, [36], [75], [76], [78], [80], [81]
Green-stick fracture, [19]
Groin, glands of, [32], [35]
Gustatory cells, [61]
Hair, [27], [40]
follicle, [40]
Hamstring, inner, [191]
outer, [191]
Hard palate, [55], [59]
Haversian canals, [17]
Hearing, sense of, [65]
Heart, [101], et seq.
beat, [102], [104], [111], [112]
nerves, [110], [111]
position, [102]
sounds, [111]
structure, [103], [104]
Heat center, [45]
production, [44]
prostration, [45]
stroke, [45]
Hemoglobin, [119], [130]
Hemorrhage, [139], [186]
Hemorrhoidal veins, [146]
Hemorrhoids, [146]
Henle’s loops, [156]
Hepatic artery, [109], [150]
duct, [143], [150]
flexure, [145], [146]
veins, [110]
Hernia, [146], [164]
Hiccough, [99], [131]
Highmore, antrum of, [54], [57]
Hilum of kidney, [155]
Hip-joint, [192]
Housemaid’s knee, [194]
Humerus, [175]
Humors of eye, [70]
Humpback or Pott’s disease, [91]
Hydrocarbons, [12]
Hydrocephalus, [34]
Hydrochloric acid, [139], [140]
Hydrothorax, [34]
Hymen, [170]
Hyoid bone, [60]
Hypermetropia or far-sightedness, [72], [73]
Hypochondriac regions, [135]
Hypogastric plexus, [87]
region, [135]
Hypoglossal nerve, [84]
Idiocy, [53]
Ileo-cecal valve, [142], [145]
Ileo-pectineal line, [163]
Ileum, [142]
Iliac artery, common, [107], [109]
deep circumflex, [198]
external and internal, [95], [109], [198]
fosssæ, [163]
Ilio-hypogastric nerve, [85]
Ilio-inguinal nerve, [85]
Ilium, [161], [162]
Impacted hip, [193]
Incisor teeth, [60]
Incus, [63]
Infundibula of lung, [125], [127]
Inguinal regions, [135]
Innominate artery, [107]
bone, [161], [162]
veins, [109]
Inorganic compounds in body, [12]
Intercostal arteries, [95], [97], [100], [108]
muscles, [98], [128]
nerves, [85], [97], [99], [134]
Intercellular substance, [14], [17]
Interossei muscles, [184]
Interosseous nerves, [85], [186]
Internal secretion, [36]
Intervertebral foramen, [90]
Intestines, [141], et seq.
large, [141], [145]
function, [146]
glands, [145]
nerves, [145]
structure, [145], [146]
small, [141], [142], et seq.
blood-vessels, [143]
function, [143], [144]
glands, [142], [143]
nerves, [143]
structure, [142]
Intima, [27]
Intralobular vein, [150]
Intussusception, [146]
Involuntary muscle, [21]
Iris, [68], [69], [72]
Ischium, [161], [163]
Island of Reil, [75]
Jaundice, [35], [152], [153], [158]
Jejunum, [142]
Joints, [15], [20]
classes of, [20], [21]
ankle, [195]
elbow, [21], [185]
hip, [21], [192]
knee, [193]
motion of, [20], [21]
shoulder, [21], [185]
wrist, [185]
Jugular veins, [109]
Juice, gastric, [139]
pancreatic, [143], [144], [153]
Katabolism, [147]
Kidneys, [155], et seq.
floating, [159]
function, [156], et seq.
position, [155]
structure, [155], [156]
Knee-jerk, [83]
Knee-joint, [193]
Labia majora, [169]
minora or nymphæ, [170]
Labyrinth, membranous, [64], [65]
osseous, [64]
Lachrymal bones, [48], [54]
canal, [54], [57]
duct, [68]
gland, [68]
sac, [54], [68]
Lacteals, [32], [144]
Lacunæ of bone, [17]
Lambdoidal suture, [48]
Lamellæ of bone, [17]
Laminæ of vertebræ, [89]
Large intestine, [141], [145]
Laryngitis, [122]
Laryngotomy, [122]
Larynx, [121]
Latissimus dorsi, [93]
Laughing, [131]
Lens, crystalline, [69], [70]
Leucocytes, [33], [34], [119], [120]
Levator scapulæ, [93]
Levatores of ribs, [129]
Lieberkühn, glands of, [143], [144], [145]
Ligaments, [15], [20], [21]
annular, [184], [198]
broad, of uterus, [165], [166], [168]
capsular, of hip, [21], [193]
crucial, of knee, [193]
orbicular, [178]
Poupart’s, [132]
round, of uterus, [168]
suspensory, of liver, [149]
thyro-arytenoid, [122]
Ligamentum nuchæ, [50], [91], [93]
patellæ, [190], [192], [193], [194]
teres, [187]
Line, Nélaton’s, [189]
Linea alba, [132]
aspera, [187]
Liver, [36], [149], et seq.
blood supply, [150]
diseases of, [152]
function, [150], et seq.
position, [149]
structure, [149], [150]
Loops of Henle, [156]
Lower extremities, [187], et seq.
Lumbar artery, [95], [109]
fascia, [133]
nerves, [84], [85]
plexus, [84]
regions, [135]
vertebræ, [90]
Lumbricales, [184]
Lungs, [125], et seq.
function, [127], et seq.
nerves, [127]
position, [126]
structure, [126], [127]
Lupus, [58]
Lymph, [30], [32]
capillaries, [30]
character, [32], [33]
flow of, [33]
function, [34]
spaces, [30]
transudation of, [33]
Lymphatic glands, [32], [34], [35]
system, [27], [29], et seq.
vessels, [30], [31]
valves of, [31], [32], [33]
Macula lutea, [70]
Malar or cheek bone, [48], [54]
Malaria, [154]
Male organs of generation, [163], [164], [165]
Malleolus of fibula, [194], [195]
of tibia, [194]
Malleus, [63]
Malpighian bodies, [156]
pyramids, [156]
Mammary artery, internal, [99], [100], [108]
glands, [99], [100]
Manubrium, [97]
Marrow of bone, [18]
Masseter, [51], [54]
Mastoid abscess, [51], [52]
cells, [51], [64]
portion of temporal bone, [51]
Maxillary bone, inferior, [48], [55]
superior, [48], [54]
McBurney’s point, [145]
Meatus, auditory, [52], [65]
nasal, [57]
urinarius, [160], [165], [170]
Median, cephalic vein, [109]
nerve, [85], [186]
vein, [109]
Mediastinal artery, [99]
Mediastinum, [32], [126]
Medulla or marrow, [18]
Medulla oblongata, [78], [79], [82]
Medullary artery, [19]
canal, [19]
sheath, [37]
Meibomian duct, [74]
glands, [67]
Membrana tympani or drum, [63]
Membranous labyrinth, [64], [65]
Mesenteric arteries, [109], [143], [145], [153]
veins, [110], [150]
Mesenteries, [32], [134]
Metabolism, [45], [147], [151], [152]
Metacarpal bones, [181]
Metatarsal bones, [195]
Micturition, [157]
Milk teeth, [60]
Mitral valve, [104]
Molar teeth, [60]
Monometer, [114]
Mons Veneris, [169]
Motor areas, [81], [82]
center, [81], [82]
oculi nerve, [68], [83]
tract, [82]
Mouth, [59], et seq.
Mucous membrane, [40]
Mucus, [40]
Mumps, [62]
Muscle, [21], et seq.
action, [23], [24]
cardiac, [22], [25]
characteristics, [22], [23], [24], [25]
classes of, [21]
fatigue of, [26], [27]
function of, [24]
smooth, [21], [25]
sounds, [25]
striated, [21], [23], [25]
work, [25], [26]
Muscles of abdomen, [132], et seq.
of arm, [175], [176], [177]
of back, [93], [94]
of chest, [98], [99], [128]
of foot, [198]
of forearm, [182]
of hand, [184]
of head, [50], [51], [54], [55], [58], [67], [69]
of leg, [196], et seq.
of neck, [51], [92], [93], [129]
of shoulder, [174]
of thigh, [189], et seq.
Musculo-cutaneous nerve, [85], [186], [199]
Musculo-spiral nerve, [85], [175], [186]
Musical sounds, [65]
Myopia or near-sightedness, [72], [73]
Myosin, [11], [23]
Myosinogen, [23]
Nails, [27], [40]
Nares, [57]
Nasal bones, [55]
duct, [68]
fossæ, [55], [57]
meatus, [57]
Nasal septum, [55]
Navicular or scaphoid bone, [195]
Near-sightedness, [72], [73]
Neck, glands of, [32]
muscles of, [51], [92]
Nélaton’s line, [189]
Nerve, [37]
action of, [37], [38], [83]
cell or gray matter, [36]
fiber or white matter, [36]
function, [37]
ganglia, [87], [110]
motor, [82]
plexus, [29], [84], et seq.
sensory, [82], [83]
terminations, [37]
Nerves, [24], [36]
abducens, [83]
auditory, [64], [65], [84]
cardiac, [78]
cervical, [84]
circumflex, [85], [186]
coccygeal, [84]
cranial, [77], [78], [83], [84]
crural, anterior, [85], [199]
cutaneous, [46], [85]
dorsal or thoracic, [84], [85]
eighth, [64], [84]
eleventh, [84]
facial, [83]
fifth, [83]
first, [83]
fourth, [68], [83]
genito-crural, [85]
glosso-pharyngeal, [61], [84]
gluteal, [199]
hypoglossal, [84]
ilio-hypogastric, [61], [85]
ilio-inguinal, [85]
intercostal, [85], [97], [99], [134]
interosseous, [85], [186]
lumbar, [84], [85]
median, [85], [186]
motor oculi, [68], [83]
musculo-cutaneous, [85], [186], [199]
musculo-spiral, [85], [175], [186]
ninth, [84]
obturator, [85]
olfactory, [53], [58], [83]
optic, [70], [71], [76], [83]
patheticus, [83]
phrenic, [85], [99], [130]
plantar, [85]
pneumogastric, [84], [110], [111], [127], [130], [153]
popliteal, [85], [199]
post-tibial, [85]
radial, [85]
sacral, [84]
sciatic, [85], [163], [199]
second, [70], [83]
seventh, [83]
sixth, [68], [83]
spinal, [84], [95]
accessory, [84], [95], [137]
suprascapular, [186]
sympathetic, [87], [110], [127], [137], [143], [145], [168]
tenth, [84]
third, [68], [72], [83]
thoracic, [186]
cutaneous, [100]
tibial, [86], [87], [199]
trifacial, [61], [83]
twelfth, [84]
ulnar, [85], [175], [186]
vagus, [84], [110], [111], [127], [130], [153]
vasoconstrictors, [115]
dilators, [115]
motor, [29], [78], [115]
Nervous system, [38], [75], et seq.
tissue, [13], [36]
Neurilemma, [37]
Ninth nerve, [84]
Nipple, [100]
Nose, [57], [58]
bleed, [59]
Nucleolus, [12]
Nucleus, [12]
Nutrient foramen, [19]
Nymphæ, [170]
Oblique muscles of abdomen, [132]
of eye, [68]
Obturator foramen, [163]
nerve, [85]
Occipital bone, [48], [50]
Occipito-frontalis muscle, [51]
Odontoid process of axis, [91]
Olecranon fossa, [175]
process, [178]
Olfactory bulbs, [53], [58], [76]
cells, [58]
grooves, [53]
nerves, [53], [58], [83]
tract, [58], [76]
Omenta, [134], [146]
Ophthalmic artery, [70]
Optic axis, [70]
commissure, [76]
foramen, [66], [70]
nerve, [70], [71], [76], [83]
tract, [76]
Orbicular ligament, [178]
Orbicularis palpebrarum, [67]
Orbit of eye, [54], [66]
Organ of Corti, [65]
Organic compounds in body, [11], [12]
Os calcis, [195]
innominatum, [161], [162]
magnum, [181]
uteri, [168]
Osseous labyrinth, [64]
Ossicles of ear, [63], [65]
Osteoblasts, [18]
Osteomalacia, [164], [189]
Osteomyelitis, [193]
Oval window, [63], [64], [65]
Ovaries, [165]
Ovum, [12], [166], [168]
Oxyhemoglobin, [130]
Paget’s disease, [53]
Pain, sensation of, [47], [81]
Palate, bones of, [48], [54]
cleft, [55]
hard, [55], [59]
soft, [59], [60], [136]
Palmar, arch, [186]
fascia, [184]
Palmaris longus, [182], [183]
Pancreas, [153]
Pancreatic duct, [143], [153]
juice, [143], [144], [153]
Pancreatitis, [153]
Panhysterectomy, [169]
Papillæ of skin, [37], [39]
of tongue, [61]
Paralysis, [79]
Parietal bone, [48], [49]
Parotid gland, [51], [62]
Patella or knee-cap, [19], [192]
Patheticus nerve, [83]
Pectoral muscles, [99], [128]
Pectoralis major, [174]
Pedicles of vertebræ, [89]
Pelvis, [132], [161], et seq.
false, [163]
of kidney, [156]
true, [163], [164]
Penis, [160], [165]
Pepsin, [140]
Peptones, [12], [140], [150]
Pericardium, [34], [101], [102]
Perichondrium, [16]
Perineal body, [170]
Perineum, [170]
Perilymph, [64], [65]
Periosteum, [15], [18], [19], [76]
Peripheral resistance, [112], [114]
Peristaltic movements, [138], [143], [146]
Peritoneum, [134]
Permanent teeth, [60]
Peroneal artery, [199]
Peroneus brevis, [197]
longus, [197]
Petrous portion of temporal bone, [51], [52]
Peyer’s patches or glands, [142]
Phalanges of foot, [195]
of hand, [181]
Pharynx, [59], [136], [137]
Physiology, [11]
Phrenic artery, [99], [109]
nerve, [85], [99], [130]
Pia mater, [76]
Pigeon breast, [97]
Pillars of the fauces, [59], [60]
Pink eye, [74]
Pinna, [63]
Pisiform bone, [181]
Pituitary body, [36]
Placenta, [106], [107]
Plantar artery, [199]
fascia, [198]
nerve, [86]
Plantaris, [197]
Plasma of blood, [33], [116], [117]
Platysma myoides, [92]
Pleuræ, [34], [125]
Plexus, [29]
brachial, [84], [85]
cardiac, [87]
cervical, [84]
hypogastric, [87]
lumbar, [84]
sacral, [84], [85]
solar, [87], [153]
Pneumogastric nerve, [84], [110], [127], [153]
Polypi, [58]
Pons Varolii, [78]
Popliteal artery, [198]
nerves, [86], [199]
space, [32], [198]
Popliteus muscle, [198]
Portal circulation, [110]
vein, [110], [150]
Pott’s disease, [91]
fracture, [180], [195]
Poupart’s ligament, [132]
Prepatella bursa, [192]
Prepuce, [165]
Presbyopia, [73]
Presternal notch, [171]
Procreating glands, [165]
Profunda artery, [175], [186]
femoris artery, [198]
Promontory of the sacrum, [90]
Pronator quadratus, [182], [183]
radii teres, [182], [183]
Prostate gland, [164], [165]
Proteins, [11], [26], [33], [140], [144], [147], [148]
Protoplasm, [12], [13]
Psoas magnus, [189], [190]
parvus, [190]
Ptosis of liver, [152]
of upper lid, [74]
Ptyalin, [61], [136]
Pubes, [161], [163]
Pudic artery, [168]
Pulmonary artery, [106], [110]
circulation, [110]
valves, [104]
veins, [105], [110]
Pulse, [112], [113], [114], [115]
Pulse, causes, [112]
dicrotic, [113]
rate, [111], [113], [114]
Pupil of eye, [69], [72]
Pus corpuscles, [120]
Pylorus, [138]
Pyramidalis muscle, [134]
Pyramids, Malpighian, [156]
Quadratus lumborum, [134]
Quadriceps extensor, [190]
Radial artery, [108], [185]
nerve, [85]
Racemose glands, [35]
Radius, [178], [179]
Râles, [129]
Receptaculum chyli, [32]
Recti muscles of eye, [67], [72]
Rectum, [145], [146]
Rectus abdominis, [133], [134]
capitis anticus major, [93]
femoris, [190]
Red corpuscles, [118], [119]
Reflex action, [83]
Regions, abdominal, [134], [135]
Renal artery, [109]
Rennin, [140]
Respiration, [121], [127], et seq.
center of, [78], [130]
effect on air, [129], [130]
effect on blood, [130], [131]
forced, [128], [129]
kinds of, [128]
rate, [128]
sounds, [129]
variations in, [131]
Retching, [140]
Retina, [68], [69], [70]
Rheumatism, [25]
Rhomboideus muscles, [93]
Rickets, [19], [49], [53], [97], [164], [195]
Ribs, [97], [98]
Right lymphatic duct, [31], [32]
Rigor mortis, [22], [23]
Rivinus, ducts of, [62]
Rodent ulcer, [74]
Rods and cones, [69], [70]
Rolando, fissure of, [75], [82]
Rosary, [97]
Round ligament of uterus, [168]
Round window, [64], [65]
Rupture, [146], [164]
of kidney, [158]
of liver, [152]
of spleen, [154]
of urethra, [160]
Sacral nerves, [84]
plexus, [84], [85]
vertebræ, [90]
Sacro-sciatic notch, [163]
Sacrum, [90], [161]
Sagittal suture, [48]
Saliva, [61], [136]
Salivary glands, [35], [61], [136]
Salpingectomy, [169]
Saphenous veins, [109], [199]
Sarcolemma, [21]
Sarcoma, [173], [177], [193]
Sartorius muscles, [23], [190]
Scalenus muscles, [93], [128]
Scaphoid bone, ankle, [195]
wrist, [181]
Scapula, [173]
Scarlet fever, [35]
Scarpa’s triangle, [190], [198]
Schwann, white substance of, [37]
Sciatic nerve, [85], [163], [199]
Sclera or sclerotic coat, [68]
Scrotum, [165]
Sebaceous glands, [35], [40], [41]
Sebum, [41]
Second nerve, [70], [83]
Secreting glands, [35]
Segmentation, growth by, [12]
Semen, [165]
Semicircular canals, [64], [66]
Semilunar bones, [181]
cartilages, [193], [194]
valves, [28], [32], [104]
Semimembranosus muscle, [191]
Semitendinosus muscle, [191]
Sense, organs of, [57], et seq.
of hearing, [65]
of sight, [70], et seq.
of smell, [55], [57], [58], [61]
of taste, [55], [61]
of touch, [45], et seq.
Sensory nerves, [82], [83]
tract, [82]
Septum of nose, [55]
deviation of, [58]
Serous membrane, [40]
Serratus magnus, [174]
Serum albumin, [11]
of blood, [117]
Sesamoid bones, [19]
Seventh nerve, [83]
Shin, [194]
Shoulder girdle, [171]
joint, [185]
Sighing, [131]
Sight, sense of, [70], et seq.
Sigmoid cavities, [178]
flexure, [145], [146]
Silent areas in brain, [82]
Silver fork deformity, [180]
Sinuses, [28], [49], [51], [52], [78], [105]
Sixth nerve, [68], [83]
Skin, [39], et seq.
Skull, bones of, [48], et seq.
Small intestine, [141], [142], et seq.
Smell, sense of, [55], [57], [58], [61]
Smooth muscle, [21], [25]
Sneezing, [131]
Sobbing, [131]
Soft palate, [59], [60], [136]
Solar plexus, [87], [153]
Soleus, [196]
Solitary glands, [142], [145]
Sounds, [65], [66]
Special senses, [57], et seq.
Speech, [122]
center, [82]
Spermatic or ovarian artery, [109], [168]
cords, [165]
Spermatozoa, [165]
Sphenoid bone, [48], [52]
Sphincter of anus, [146]
of pupil, [72]
of pylorus, [138]
Spina bifida, [91]
Spinal accessory nerve, [84], [95], [137]
canal, [91]
column, [88]
cord, [79], et seq.
foramen, [89]
nerves, [84], [95]
Spine, [87]
Spinous process of vertebræ, [89]
Spleen, [153], [154]
Splenic artery, [109], [153]
flexure, [145], [146]
vein, [110], [150]
Sprain, [21]
Squamous portion of temporal bone, [51]
Stapes, [63]
Starches, [12], [136], [144]
Steapsin, [144]
Stensen’s duct, [62]
Sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle, [51], [92], [171]
Sternum, [97]
Stimuli, [24]
Stomach, [138]
arteries, [139]
digestion in, [139], [140]
glands, [139]
position, [138]
structure, [139]
Stomach teeth, [60]
Strabismus, [72]
Striated or striped muscle, [21], [23], [25]
Stricture of esophagus, [138]
of urethra, [160]
Sty, [74]
Styloid process of fibula, [195]
of radius, [178], [179]
of temporal bone, [52]
of ulna, [178], [179]
Subarachnoid space, [76], [79]
Subclavian arteries, [94], [99], [107], [108], [185]
veins, [109]
Subclavius muscle, [173]
Subdural space, [76]
Sublingual gland, [56], [62]
Submaxillary gland, [56], [62]
Succus entericus, [143], [144]
Sugar in urine, [151], [158]
Superciliary ridges, [49]
Supinator brevis, [182], [184]
longus, [182], [184]
Supraorbital foramen or notch, [49]
vessels and nerve, [49]
Suprarenal artery, [109]
capsules, [36], [154]
Suprascapular artery, [94]
nerve, [186]
Suspensory ligament of lens, [70], [72]
of liver, [149]
Sutures, [48], [53]
coronal, [48]
lambdoidal, [48]
sagittal, [48]
Sweat, composition, [42]
functions, [42]
glands, [35], [42]
nervous control of, [42]
quantity, [43]
Sylvius, fissure of, [75]
Sympathetic nerve, [87], [110], [127], [137], [143], [145], [168]
system, [75], [87]
Symphysis pubis, [163]
Synovial fluid, [20], [34]
membrane, [20]
Syphilis, [35], [58], [122], [152], [182], [194]
Systemic circulation, [105], [106], [107], et seq., [112], [113]
Systole, [104], [106], [112]
T-fracture, [177], [193]
Tablets of skull, [20], [48]
Tactile corpuscles, [37], [39], [46]
Tarsus or ankle, [195]
Taste buds, [61]
nerves of, [61]
sense of, [55], [61]
Tears, [68]
Teeth, [27], [60]
Temperature of body, [43]
regulation of, [43]
sensation of, [47]
variations in, [44]
Temporal bone, [48], [51]
muscle, [50], [51], [55]
Temporary or milk teeth, [60]
Tendo Achillis, [195], [197]
Tendons, [15], [23]
Tenth nerve, [84]
Testes or testicles, [165]
Third nerve, [68], [72], [83]
Thoracic aorta, [99], [107], [109]
duct, [31]
nerves, [186]
Thoracic cutaneous nerve, [100]
Thorax, [96]
Thymus gland, [36], [124]
Thyro-arytenoid ligaments, [122]
Thyroid axis, [108]
cartilage, [121]
gland, [36], [124]
Tibia or shin bone, [194]
Tibial artery, [198]
nerve, [76], [87], [199]
Tibialis anticus, [197]
Tissues, areolar, [15]
bony, [13], [17]
cartilaginous, [13]
connective, [13], [15]
differentiation of, [13]
elastic, [15]
epithelial, [13]
fibrous, [15]
muscular, [13]
nervous, [13], [36]
Tongue, [46], [59], [60]
tie, [62]
Tonsillitis, [35], [62]
Tonsils, [59], [62]
Torticollis, [92]
Touch, corpuscles, [37], [39], [46]
sense of, [45], et seq.
Trachea, [123]
Tracheotomy, [123]
Transudation of lymph, [33]
Transversalis muscle, [133]
colli artery, [94]
Transverse colon, [145]
processes of vertebræ, [89]
Trapezium, [181]
Trapezius, [93], [171]
Trapezoid bone, [181]
Triangular cartilage, [57]
Triceps, [176], [177]
Tricuspid valve, [104]
Trifacial nerve, [61], [83]
Trochanters, [189]
Trochlear surface of femur, [189]
of humerus, [175]
True pelvis, [163], [164]
ribs, [97]
Trypsin, [144]
Tuberculosis, [35], [122], [155], [159], [168], [182], [193], [194], [196]
Tuberosities of humerus, [175]
of tibia, [194]
Tuberosity of ischium, [163]
of radius, [178]
Tubuli lactiferi, [100]
Tumor albus, [194]
Tumors, [100], [175]
Tunica vaginalis oculi, [67]
Turbinated bones, [48], [53], [54]
Twelfth nerve, [84]
Tympanum, [51], [63]
Typhoid fever, [142], [154]
Ulcer, [139]
Ulna, [177], [178], [185]
Ulnar artery, [108]
nerve, [85], [175], [186]
Umbilical artery, [107]
region, [135]
vein, [106]
Unciform bone, [181]
Unstriated or unstriped muscle, [21], [22], [25]
Upper extremities, [171], et seq.
Urea, [148], [152], [158]
Ureters, [155], [156], [159]
Urethra, [159], [160], [165]
Urinary apparatus, [155], et seq.
Urine, [156], et seq.
Uterine artery, [168]
Uterus, [167], [168]
Uvula, [59]
Vagina, [168]
Vagus or pneumogastric nerves, [84], [110], [111], [130]
Valves, [103]
aortic, [104]
bicuspid or mitral, [104]
coronary, [105]
Eustachian, [106], [107]
ileo-cecal, [142], [145]
of lymphatic vessels, [31], [32], [33]
of veins, [28]
pulmonary, [104]
semilunar, [28], [32], [104]
tricuspid, [104]
Valvulæ conniventes, [142]
Varicose veins, [109], [113], [199]
Vas deferens, [165]
Vasa nervorum, [37]
vasorum, [29]
Vasoconstrictor nerves, [115]
dilator nerves, [115]
motor nerves, [29], [78], [115]
Vascular system, [107], et seq.
Vastus externus, [190]
internus, [190]
Veins, [27], [28], [29], [109]
basilic, [109]
deep, [28]
gastric, [110], [150]
hemorrhoidal, [146]
hepatic, [110], [150]
iliac, common, [109]
inferior vena cava, [105], [109], [150]
innominate, [109]
intralobular, [150]
jugular, [109]
median, [109]
cephalic, [109]
mesenteric, [110], [150]
portal, [110], [150]
pulmonary, [105], [110]
saphenous, [109], [199]
splenic, [110], [150]
subclavian, [109]
superficial, [28]
superior vena cava, [105], [109]
umbilical, [106]
valves, [28]
varicosity, [109], [113], [199]
Vena cava, inferior, [105], [109], [150]
superior, [105], [109]
Venæ comites, [27], [113]
Ventricles of brain, [75], [79]
of heart, [103]
Vermiform appendix, [145]
Vertebra prominens, [91]
Vertebræ, [88], et seq.
Vertebral arteries, [77]
Vesiculæ seminales, [165]
Vestibule of labyrinth, [64], [65]
Vicarious function of glands, [35]
Villi, [142]
Viscera, abdominal, [135], et seq.
Visual center, [81]
Vital capacity, [129]
Vitreous humor, [70]
Vocal cords, [122]
Volvulus, [146]
Voluntary muscle, [21], [23]
Vomer, [48], [55]
Vomiting, [140]
Vulva, [169]
Wharton’s duct, [62]
White corpuscles or leucocytes, [27], [33], [34], [119], [120]
White substance of Schwann, [37]
matter of brain and cord, [75], [76], [78], [80], [81]
Willis, circle of, [78], [108]
Wisdom teeth, [60]
Wormian bones, [19], [49]
Wrist, [180]
joint, [185]
Wry neck or torticollis, [92]
Yawning, [131]
Zygomatic process of temporal bone, [51], [54]

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