The principal phyla[1015], developing on somewhat parallel lines, are given in the appended table:
Archilichens
| Phyla | Crustose | Squamulose | Foliose | Fruticose |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pyrenolichens | Verrucariaceae | Dermatocarpaceae | ||
| Coniocarpineae | Caliciaceae | Sphaerophoraceae | Sphaerophoraceae | |
| Graphidineae | Arthoniaceae Graphidaceae Dirinaceae | Roccellaceae | ||
| Cyclocarpineae | Gyrophoraceae | |||
| Lecideales | Lecideaceae Coenogoniaceae (filamentous gonidia) Cladoniaceae (primary and secondary thalli) | |||
| Lecanorales | Lecanoraceae | Parmeliaceae | Usneaceae | |
| Polariloculares | ||||
| Colourless spores | Placodium | Xanthoria | Teloschistes | |
| Brown spores | Rinodina, Pyxine | Physcia | Physcia (Anaptychia) | |
SCHEME OF SUGGESTED PROGRESSION IN LICHEN STRUCTURE
