The first family of the Cyclocarpineae, the Lecanactidaceae, is often placed under Graphidineae; in any case it forms a link between the two subseries.

1. Lecideine group (apothecia without a thalline margin).

XXIII.LECANACTIDACEAE.Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells Trentepohlia. Apothecium with carbonaceous hypothecium or parathecium.
XXIV.PILOCARPACEAE.Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells Protococcaceae. Apothecia with a dense rather dark hypothecium.
XXV.CHRYSOTHRICACEAE.Thallus felted, loose in texture. Algal cells Palmella, Protococcaceae or Trentepohlia. Apothecia with or without a thalline margin. The affinity of the “Family” seems to be with Pilocarpaceae.
XXVI.THELOTREMACEAE.}Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells in the first Trentepohlia; in the second Protococcaceae. In both there are prominent double margins round the apothecium.
XXVII.DIPLOSCHISTACEAE.}
XXVIII.ECTOLECHIACEAE.Thallus very primitive in type. Algal cells Protococcaceae. Apothecia with or without a thalline margin. Nearly related to Chrysothricaceae.
XXIX.GYALECTACEAE.Thallus crustaceous. Algal cells Trentepohlia, Phyllactidium or rarely Scytonema. Apothecia biatorine, i.e. of soft consistency and without gonidia.
XXX.COENOGONIACEAE.Thallus confusedly filamentous (byssoid). Algal cells Trentepohlia or Cladophora. Apothecia biatorine.
XXXI.LECIDEACEAE.Thallus crustaceous or squamulose. Algal cells Protococcaceae. Apothecia biatorine (soft), or lecideine (carbonaceous).
XXXII.PHYLLOPSORACEAE.Thallus squamulose or foliose. Algal cells Protococcaceae. Apothecia biatorine or lecideine.
XXXIII.CLADONIACEAE.Thallus twofold. Algal cells Protococcaceae. Apothecia biatorine or lecideine.
XXXIV.GYROPHORACEAE.Thallus foliose. Algal cells Protococcaceae. Apothecia lecideine.
XXXV.ACAROSPORACEAE.Thallus primitive crustaceous, squamulose or foliose. Algal cells Protococcaceae. Apothecia with or without a thalline margin; very various, but always with many-spored asci.

2. Cyanophili group.

In this group the classification depends almost entirely on the nature of the algal constituents. The apothecia are in most genera provided with a thalline margin.

a. More or less gelatinous when moist.

XXXVI.EPHEBACEAE.Algal cells Scytonema or Stigonema. Thallus minutely fruticose or filamentous.
XXXVII.PYRENOPSIDACEAE.Algal cells Gloeocapsa (Gloeocapsa, Xanthocapsa or Chroococcus). Thallus crustaceous, minutely foliose or fruticose.
XXXVIII.LICHINACEAE.Algal cells Rivularia. Thallus crustaceous, squamulose or minutely fruticose.
XXXIX.COLLEMACEAE.Algal cells Nostoc. Thallus crustaceous, minutely fruticose, or squamulose to foliose.
XL.HEPPIACEAE.Algal cells Scytonema. Thallus generally squamulose and formed of plectenchyma.

b. Not gelatinous when moist.

XLI.PANNARIACEAE.Algal cells Nostoc, Scytonema or rarely bright-green, Protococcaceae. Thallus crustaceous, squamulose or foliose.
XLII.STICTACEAE.Algal cells Nostoc or Protococcaceae. Thallus foliose, and very highly developed, corticate on both surfaces.
XLIII.PELTIGERACEAE.Algal cells Nostoc or Protococcaceae. Thallus foliose, corticate above.