It will only be possible to give a few typical associations from the many that have been published. Crustaceous forms are the most abundant.
On granite and on quartzite not disintegrated Malinowski[1175] listed:
- Acarospora chlorophana.
- Lecanora glaucoma.
- Rhizocarpon viridiatrum.
- Lecidea tumida.
- Biatorella sporostatia.
- Biatorella testudinea.
On granite and quartzite disintegrated:
- Aspicilia cinerea.
- Aspicilia gibbosa.
- Aspicilia tenebrosa.
- Buellia coracina.
- Catillaria (Biatorina) Hochstetteri.
- Rhizocarpon petraeum.
- Rhizocarpon geographicum vars.
- Biatorella cinerea.
- Lecanora badia.
- Lecanora cenisia.
- Lecidea confluens.
- Lecidea fuscoatra.
- Lecidea platycarpa.
- Lecidea lapicida.
- Haematomma ventosum.
On these disintegrated rocks there is a constant struggle for existence between the various species; the victorious association finally consists of Lecanora badia, L. cenisia and Lecidea confluens with occasional growths of the following species:
- Aspicilia cinerea.
- Haematomma ventosum.
- Rhizocarpon geographicum vars.
- Biatorella cinerea.
- Lecidea platycarpa.
A number of rock associations have been tabulated by Wheldon and Wilson[1176] for Perthshire. Among others they give some of the most typical lichens on granitic and eruptive rocks:
- Sphaerophorus coralloides.
- Sphaerophorus fragilis.
- Platysma Fahlunense.
- Platysma commixtum.
- Platysma glaucum.
- Platysma lacunosum.
- Parmelia saxatilis.
- Parmelia omphalodes.
- Parmelia Mougeotii.
- Parmelia stygia.
- Parmelia tristis.
- Parmelia lanata.
- Gyrophora proboscidea.
- Gyrophora cylindrica.
- Gyrophora torrefacta.
- Gyrophora polyphylla.
- Gyrophora flocculosa.
- Lecanora gelida.
- Lecanora atra.
- Lecanora badia.
- Lecanora tartarea.
- Lecanora parella.
- Lecanora ventosa.
- Lecanora Dicksonii.
- Lecanora cinerea.
- Lecanora peliocypha.
- Pertusaria dealbata.
- Stereocaulon Delisei.
- Stereocaulon evolutum.
- Stereocaulon coralloides.
- Stereocaulon denudatum.
- Psorotichia lugubris.
- Lecidea inserena.
- Lecidea panaeola.
- Lecidea contigua.
- Lecidea confluens.
- Lecidea lapicida.
- Lecidea plana.
- Lecidea mesotropa.
- Lecidea auriculata.
- Lecidea diducens.
- Lecidea aglaea.
- Lecidea rivulosa.
- Lecidea Kochiana.
- Lecidea pycnocarpa.
- Buellia atrata.
- Rhizocarpon Oederi.
On siliceous rocks in West Lancashire the same authors[1177] depict the lichen flora as follows: “There are many grey Parmeliae and Cladoniae with coral-like Sphaerophorei on the rocks, and on the walls smoky-looking patches of Parmelia fuliginosa and ragged fringes of Platysma glaucum and Evernia furfuracea. On the higher scars, flat topped tabular blocks exhibit black scaly Gyrophoreae, dingy green Lecidea (Rhizocarpon) viridiatra and mouse-coloured L. rivulosa. Suborbicular (whitish) patches of Pertusaria lactea and P. dealbata enliven the general sadness of tone, and everywhere loose rocks and stones are covered with the greyish-black spotted thallus of Lecidea contigua.”