A System of Instruction in the Practical Use of the Blowpipe / Being A Graduated Course Of Analysis For The Use Of Students And All Those Engaged In The Examination Of Metallic Combinations

by Anonymous

Mineral.	Formula.
(1) in glass bulb.	(2) in open tube.	(3) on charcoal.	(4) in forceps.	(5) in borax.	(6) in mic. salt.	(7) in carb. soda.	(8) Special Reactions.
Native antimony	Sb.
Fuses and, when strongly heated, volatilizesbeing redeposited in the tube as a dark greysublimate.	Fuses and gives off dense white fumes, whichare partly redeposited on the tube.Sometimes also gives off arsenical fumes insmall quantity.	Fuses and gives off dense white fumes, whichthickly incrust the charcoal and color theflame blue immediately beyond the assay.	—	The oxide formed upon charcoal gives theantimony reactions.	As in borax.	—	The incrustation on the charcoal, if treatedwith nitrate of cobalt assumes thecharacteristic green color.
Grey antimony	SbS3.
Fuses readily and occasionally gives off asmall quantity of sulphur. Strongly heatedforms a brown sublimate of SbS3 andSbO3.	Fuses and gives off SO2, which passes offup the tube, and dense white fumes ofSbO3 and SbO5 which are partlydeposited in the tube.	Fuses and is partly absorbed by the charcoaland partly volatilized, incrusting thecharcoal with the characteristic whiteoxides. Colors the flame blue.	—	As the preceding.	As in borax.	Fuses and is reduced, yielding metallicantimony, which behaves as the precedingmineral upon charcoal. The alkaline massgives the sulphur reaction.	As the preceding.
Antimony blende	,,, ... Sb2 + Sb.
Fuses easily, gives off first SbO3 andafterwards an orange colored sublimate.Strongly heated, is decomposed and gives ablack sublimate, which becomes brown oncooling.	As the preceding.	As the preceding.	—	As native antimony.	As in borax.	As the preceding.	As native antimony.
White antimony	SbO3.
Is sublimed and recondensed in the neck ofthe tube.	As in the glass-bulb.	Fuses with the evolution of dense whitefumes, which incrust the surface of thecharcoal. In the reducing flame is partlyreduced, yielding metallic antimony. Colorsflame blue.	Fuses and is volatilized, coloring the outerflame blue.	Gives the antimony reaction.	As in borax.	In the reducing flame is reduced, yieldingmetallic antimony.	As native antimony.

ARSENIC.

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Mineral.	Formula.
(1) in glass bulb.	(2) in open tube.	(3) on charcoal.	(4) in forceps.	(5) in borax.	(6) in mic. salt.	(7) in carb. soda.	(8) Special Reactions.
Native arsenic	As.
Sublimes without fusion and recondenses as adark grey metallic sublimate, sometimesleaving a small residue.	If gently heated in a good current of airpasses off as AsO3, which is partlycondensed as a white sublimate in the upperpart of the tube.	Passes off as AsO3, which thinly incruststhe charcoal beyond the assay.	Colors the flame blue.	—	—	—	—
Realgar	AsS2.
Fuses, enters into ebullition and issublimed as a transparent red sublimate.	Gently heated passes off as SO2 andAsO3, the latter of which is redepositedin the upper part of the tube.	Fuses and passes off as arsenious andsulphurous acids.	Fuses and colors the flame blue.	—	—	As on charcoal, except that the S combineswith the alkali forming NaS, which on silvergives the sulphur reaction.	—
Orpiment	AsS3.
As the preceding, except that the sublimateis of a dark yellow color when cold.	As the preceding.	As the preceding.	As the preceding.	—	—	As the preceding.	—
White arsenic	AsO3.
Sublimes without fusion and re-condenses inwhite crystals.	—	Sublimes and is partly recondensed oncharcoal forming a white incrustation.	Colors the flame blue.	—	—	—	Heated with charcoal in a glass-tube sealedat one end, is reduced and metallic arsenicsublimes.

MERCURY.

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Mineral.	Formula.
(1) in glass bulb.	(2) in open tube.	(3) on charcoal.	(4) in forceps.	(5) in borax.	(6) in mic. salt.	(7) in carb. soda.	(8) Special Reactions.
Native mercury	Hg.
Volatilizes with little or no residue andrecondenses in neck of bulb.	—	Is volatilized.	—	—	—	—	—
Cinnabar	HgS.
Volatilizes sometimes leaving a slightearthy residue, and recondenses as a blacksulphide.	If gently heated is decomposed into metallicmercury, which volatilizes and re-condensesin the upper part of the tube, and SO2,which passes off as is easily recognized byits odor and bleaching properties.	Is volatilized, generally leaving a smallearthy residue.	—	—	—	With carbonate of soda and cyanide ofpotassium is decomposed and metallic mercuryvolatilized.	When in the preceding experiment the mercuryhas been entirely dissipated, the alkalineresidue laid on silver gives a sulphurreaction.
Native amalgam	AgHg2.
As native mercury, but leaves a residue ofpure silver.	—	The mercury volatilizes leaving the silver,which fuses to a bead, and, in the oxidizingflame, incrusts the charcoal with itscharacteristic oxide.	—	—	—	—	—

SILVER.

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Mineral.	Formula.
(1) in glass bulb.	(2) in open tube.	(3) on charcoal.	(4) in forceps.	(5) in borax.	(6) in mic. salt.	(7) in carb. soda.	(8) Special Reactions.
Native silver	Ag.
—	—	Fuses and in a strong oxidizing flame formsan incrustation of dark brown oxide on thecharcoal. If any antimony be present, itaffords a crimson incrustation.	—	Gives the silver reactions.	As in borax.	—	—
Antimonial silver	Ag2Sb.
—	Gives off dense white fumes, which arepartly deposited in the tube.	Fuses, fumes strongly, forming a whiteincrustation, and when the antimony isnearly expelled a crimson one, a nearly puresilver bead remains.	—	The incrustation formed on charcoal gives anantimony reaction.	As in borax.	As alone on charcoal.	—
Silver glance	AgS.
—	Gives off sulphurous acid.	Gives off SO2 and is reduced to metallicsilver. If impure, a small quantity of slagalso remains.	—	The residual slag (if any) obtained uponcharcoal gives an iron reaction.	As in borax.	As alone on charcoal. The alkaline mass gives a sulphur reactionon polished silver.	—
Stephanite	, ,,, Ag6Sb.
Decrepitates, fuses and gives a slightsublimate of sulphide of antimony.	Fuses and gives off SO2 and dense whiteantimonial fumes.	Fuses and incrusts the charcoal withantimonious acid, leaving Ag with someantimony. If the flame be continued, a redincrustation is formed and finally a bead ofpure sliver remains surrounded by a smallslag.	—	The residual slag obtained on the charcoalgives an iron and copper reaction.	As in borax.	The silver is reduced and the antimonypasses off in dense fumes. The fused alkaligives the sulphur reaction on silver.	—
Pyargyrite	, ,,, Ag3Sb.
Sometimes decrepitates, fuses readily, and,when strongly heated, gives a red sublimateof SbS3.	As in the preceding.	Fuses with much spirting and covers thecharcoal with antimonial fumes. When theresidual AgS is heated for some time in theoxidizing flame, a bead of pure silver isobtained.	—	—	—	As the preceding.	—
Proustite	, ,,, Ag3As.
Fuses and at a low red heat affords a smallsublimate of AsS3.	Gradually heated it gives off AsO3 andSO2. Sometimes also antimony fumes.	As the preceding, except that a largequantity of AsO3 and but little SbO3are given off.	—	—	—	As stephanite, except that much arsenic isgiven off and but little antimony.	—
Horn silver	AgCl.
Fuses, but undergoes no further change.	—	Fuses readily in the oxidizing flame. In thereducing flame is slowly reduced yieldingmetallic silver.	—	—	—	Is rapidly reduced to metallic silver.	If cut up into small pieces mixed with oxideof copper and then heated before theoxidizing flame upon charcoal, it colors theflame blue.