Sir John Henniker Heaton, first Baronet (cr. 1912), Unionist M.P. for Canterbury 1885-1910, and a noted postal reformer, died at Geneva, on his way home from Germany, on September 8, aged 66. B. in Rochester, Kent, the s. of an officer in the Army, he went to Australia in 1864 and eventually became a landowner and newspaper proprietor in New South Wales, and, after representing the Colony at several International Exhibitions, returned to England and entered Parliament in 1885. From the first he pressed postal grievances, and in 1886 moved a resolution in favour of universal penny postage, which he lived to see established in the British Empire (1898), and between Great Britain and the United States in 1908, and in 1910 he presented to the Postmaster-General a list of sixty-two desirable postal reforms. Many of his suggestions were adopted, and he promoted also the cheapening and development of oceanic telegraphy and telephony. He m., 1873, Rose, dau. of Samuel Bennett, and was succeeded by his s.
Lord O'Brien.—Peter O'Brien, first Lord O'Brien, and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland 1889-1913, died at Stillorgan, co. Dublin, on September 7, aged 72. A younger son of a Liberal M.P. for Limerick, he was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and went to the Bar, taking silk in 1880 and becoming a Crown Counsel. At first a Liberal, he became a Unionist in 1886, and in 1887 was made Solicitor-General, and in 1888 Attorney-General for Ireland. In this latter capacity he conducted many political prosecutions, and his efforts to get juries that would not refuse to convict Land Leaguers earned him the nickname of "Peter the Packer" from the Nationalists. In 1889, on his promotion to be Lord Chief Justice, he naturally dropped politics. He was made a Baronet in 1891, and a Peer in 1900. In 1867 he m. Annie, dau. of R. H. Clarke, but he left daughters only, and his titles became extinct.
Professor Robert Yelverton Tyrrell, LL.D., Senior Follow of Trinity College, Dublin, died on September 19, aged 70. Born in co. Tipperary, 1844, he was educated privately and at Trinity College, Dublin, taking the highest honours in 1864. He became Professor of Latin in 1871, was Regius Professor of Greek 1880-98, Senior Tutor and Public Orator 1898, Professor of Ancient History 1900-4, and than Senior Fellow and Registrar. In collaboration with Professor L. C. Purser he produced an important edition of Cicero's Letters, and he also wrote a valuable work on Latin poetry and a number of admirable essays on Greek literature. He was a brilliant translator and finished classical scholar of the English type, and made many notable and often humorous contributions to Kottabos, the Dublin University periodical. He was a Commissioner of National Education in Ireland and an original member of the British Academy. He m. the dau. of Dr. F. Shaw, and left issue.
On the 2nd, died of wounds in France, Lieut.-Colonel Ian Graham Hogg, D.S.O., 4th Hussars, distinguished in the South African War. On the 2nd, aged 64, Colonel Henry Harding Mathias, C.B., who led the Gordon Highlanders at the storming of Dargai in the Tirch Campaign of 1897. On the 6th, accidentally killed at Broadstairs, aged 42, Sir Stephen Furness, first Baronet (cr. 1913), Liberal M.P. for the Hartlepools since June, 1910, chairman of Furness, Withy & Co.; m., 1899, Eleanor, dau. of Matthew Forster; succeeded by his eldest s. On the 7th, aged 66, Walter Holbrook Gaskell, M.D., F.R.S., Fellow and Lecturer of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, sometime University Lecturer in Physiology; had made important researches into the sympathetic nervous system and the origin of the vertebrata; held many scientific distinctions. On the 7th, aged 81, the Rev. Douglas Yeoman Blakiston, Vicar of East Grinstead 1871-1908. On the 8th, after a motor-car accident in Aberdeenshire, aged 71, Colonel Robert Townley Caldwell, sometime 3rd Battalion Gordon Highlanders, Master of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, since 1906; b. in Barbados and educated in Winnipeg, his father having been Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba; 10th Wrangler 1865, Fellow and Lecturer of his College, and its Bursar 1871-99; had commanded the University Volunteer Corps and been very active in University and College life. About the 8th, aged 89, Captain John H. Jellicoe, father of Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, sometime Commodore of the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company's fleet and afterwards a director of the Company. On the 9th, aged 60, Colonel Albury Hawke Charlesworth, Conservative M.P. for Wakefield 1892-5. On the 10th, killed in action in France, aged 55, Brigadier General Neil Douglas Findlay, C.B., R.A.; distinguished in the South African War. On the 12th, suddenly, aged 75, Sir Neville Lubbock, K.C.M.G. (cr. 1899); brother of the first Lord Avebury; Director of the Colonial Bank; Governor of the Royal Exchange Assurance Corporation; President of the West India Committee. On the 12th, at Yonkers, N.Y. State, United States, Charles Welsh, sometime member of the publishing firm of Griffith, Farran, Okeden & Welsh, and author of many books for children. On the 12th, aged 83, Edward Riley, F.I.C., a distinguished analytical chemist and metallurgist; turned out the first piece of Bessemer Steel at the Dowlais Ironworks. About the 12th, aged 81, Wilhelm Ganz, Professor at the Guildhall School of Music, an eminent impresario and conductor. On the 13th, aged 102, Robert Crichton, said to be the oldest barrister in the country; had owned a cattle run in Australia 1839-59, and had been a keen sportsman. About the 14th, aged 73, Sir Henry Greenway Howse, sometime on the staff of Guy's Hospital, and ex-President of the Royal College of Surgeons. On the 14th, aged 79, Lieut.-Col. Michael Fenton, sometime Cheshire Regiment, and Army Pay Department; for a time the champion shot of India, and winner of the Viceroy's Cup in 1878-9. On the 16th, accidentally shot by a sentry near Johannesburg, Senator the Hon. General Jacobus Hendrik de la Rey, sometime member of the Transvaal Volksraad; served throughout the Boer War, capturing Lord Methuen at Tweebosch (A.R., 1902, p. [395]), and was prominent in the peace negotiations. On the 16th, aged 63, Edgar John Elgood, Barrister-at-Law, Chairman of the West Kent Quarter Sessions. On the 16th, aged 42, Lieut.-Col. Alexander Bertram Lindsey, sometime Indian General Staff; distinguished in the N. W. Frontier fighting 1897-8 and in the Abor Expedition 1911-12; had written on the Russo-Japanese War. On the 16th, aged 76, Major-General James Woodward Scott, C.B., sometime Royal Marine Light Infantry; distinguished in the Egyptian Campaign of 1882. About the 16th, killed in the war, aged 42, Captain Bertrand Stewart, West Kent Yeomanry; convicted wrongfully of espionage at Leipzig in 1912, and imprisoned till his release by the German Emperor in May, 1913; had served in the Imperial Yeomanry in the South African War. About the 16th, killed in the war, aged 45, Colonel Sir Evelyn Ridley Bradford, second Baronet, Seaforth Highlanders; distinguished in the South African War as a staff officer; succeeded his father 1911; m., 1909, Elsie, dau. of Colonel J. Clifton Brown; succeeded by his elder s. About the 16th, killed in action in France, aged 31, Lieut. Sir Archibald Charles Gibson-Craig, fourth Baronet, succeeded his father 1908; succeeded by his brother. About the 16th, killed in action in France, aged 31, Heneage Neville Finch, Lord Guernsey, s. and heir of the Earl of Aylesford, and Captain Irish Guards; left a son. On the 22nd, by his own hand while under restraint at a nursing home, Guido Fusinato, an Italian Deputy and ex-Minister, and member of the Hague Tribunal; one of the negotiators of the Italo-Turkish treaty of peace. On the 22nd, aged 78, the Rev. Septimus Buss, LL.B., F.R.A.S., Rector of St. Anne and St. Agnes in the City of London since 1899; previously Rector of Wapping 1873-81, Vicar of Shoreditch 1881-99; prominent while in East London in charitable work; had written on the Prayer Book, and on Roman law and history in connexion with the New Testament. On the 22nd, aged 66, Peter O'Kinealy, sometime Advocate-General of Bengal, previously Standing Counsel to the Indian Government; an able lawyer. On the 23rd, aged 57, General James Henry Bor, C.B., C.M.G., Royal Marine Artillery; A.D.C. to King George V. 1904-11; accompanied him as A.D.C. in his Colonial tour when Duke of York, 1911; commanded Cretan Gendarmerie during insurrection of 1907. On the 25th, aged 71, the Hon. Sir James Pliny Whitney, K.C.M.G., Premier of Ontario since 1905; a member of the Legislature of the Province since 1888; knighted 1908; refused office in the Borden Cabinet 1911; a strong Imperialist. On the 26th, aged 71, the Rev. Mitford Mitchell, D.D., Trinity College, Cambridge, Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, 1907; for twenty-five years Minister of the West Church, Aberdeen, and Chaplain to Queen Victoria, and also to King Edward and King George; had travelled widely in the interest of missionary work; noted as a preacher. On the 26th, aged 60, Sir Herbert Ashman, first Baronet (cr. 1907); Mayor of Bristol 1899-1900 and first Lord Mayor of the city; m., 1874, Eliza, dau. of Frederick Lorenzen; succeeded by his s. On the 27th, aged 66, Sir Frederick Carne Rasch, first Baronet; Trinity College, Cambridge; sometime 6th Dragoon Guards; Unionist M.P. for Essex (Chelmsford) 1900-8, for S.E. Essex 1885-1900; best known in the House for his advocacy of shortened speeches; m., 1879, Katharine, dau. of H. Griffinhoofe; succeeded by his s. On the 27th, Katharine Harris Bradley, who in collaboration with her niece published several volumes of poems under the pen-name "Michael Field," among them "Attila, My Attila!" and "Mystic Trees." On the 30th, aged 88, Sir Henry Duncan Littlejohn, Professor of Medical Jurisprudence at Edinburgh University, 1897-1905; had done much to cleanse and clear the Edinburgh slums; knighted 1895. On the 30th, aged 88, Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer, G.C.M.G.; Governor of Natal, 1882-85, High Commissioner of Cyprus, 1885-92; a Royal Commissioner for the Paris Exhibition, 1900.
OCTOBER.
King Carol of Roumania died of heart failure at the Castle of Pelesh, Sinaia, on October 10, aged 75. The son of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, he was born at Sigmaringen, April 20, 1839, and accepted the Crown of Roumania after the deposition of Prince Couza, on the advice of Bismarck and in face of strong Austrian opposition. Elected Prince (still, however, under Turkish suzerainty) by plebiscite on his 27th birthday, he devoted himself to promoting the economic development of his country. His throne was severely shaken by the failure in 1870 of the notorious financier, Dr. Strousberg, who had undertaken a vast railway scheme in the Principality, and by the strong French sympathies of his subjects during the Franco-German War, which caused revolutionary disturbances and turned popular sympathy against him; but he was induced to withdraw an offer of abdication, and the general election of May, 1871, strengthened his rule. During the next six years, the Army was reorganised, under his influence, on the Prussian model, and there was frequent trouble with the Porte as suzerain, which led to the participation of Roumania in the Russo-Turkish War of 1876-78, in which her troops bore the brunt of the defence of Plevna. The war secured Roumanian independence, but at the expense of the retrocession to Russia of a portion of Bessarabia, taken from her in the Crimean War, and for which the assignation of the Dobrudscha to Roumania was an inadequate compensation. There was an outburst of popular indignation, and a breach with Russia; but the Prince assumed a firm attitude, and his German affinities doubtless helped in the virtual affiliation of his realm for many years to the Triple Alliance. He was crowned King in 1881, His reign was marked by the development of the petroleum industry, by the rise of a native manufacturing system, encouraged by a tariff, and by frequent recurrences of the Jewish question, active party warfare, and two grave agrarian risings (1888 and 1907)—together with a growth of Roumanian nationalism which repeatedly threatened to embroil his country with Austria-Hungary, but his long personal friendship with the Emperor of Austria was probably a powerful factor in the preservation of peace. This nationalism, however, led his country to discover and patronise the Kutzovlachs of Macedonia as Roumans, and helped to make it assume unexpectedly the position of guardian of the balance of power in the Balkans after the fratricidal war of 1913. Moreover, aided by sentiment for France as a kindred "Latin" country, and by the growth of French financial interests in Roumania, it tended towards his death to divert his country from the Triple Alliance and bring it into the great war of 1914 as the ally of Russia. This was averted mainly by his personal influence. He m., 1869, Princess Elizabeth of Wied ("Carmen Sylva"), and was succeeded by his nephew, who had been made his heir by the Constitution of 1887.
Prince Maurice Victor Donald of Battenberg, youngest son of Princess Henry of Battenberg, grandson of Queen Victoria, and Lieutenant King's Royal Rifle Corps, died October 28 of wounds received in action in France, aged 23. Born at Balmoral, October 8, 1891, he was educated at Wellington College and at Sandhurst, and was appointed to his regiment in March, 1911, and promoted in February, 1914. He had distinguished himself in the war, and had been mentioned in despatches by Sir John French. He was a keen sportsman and motorist, and was much interested in aviation.
Sir Charles Douglas.—General Sir Charles Whittingham Horsley Douglas, G.C.B., Chief of the Imperial General Staff since April, 1914, died at his London residence, October 25, aged 64, having worked at the War Office, though seriously ill, until a week before his death. In 1869 he joined the 92nd Highlanders, eventually becoming its adjutant, and served with distinction throughout the Afghan Wars of 1879-80. He served also in the Boer War of 1881, being taken prisoner at Majuba, and, when the regiment became linked with the Gordon Highlanders, he remained Adjutant, and distinguished himself in the Suakin Campaign of 1884. After serving as Adjutant of the London Scottish, he received a staff appointment in 1893 at Aldershot, and eventually, in 1898, became Assistant Adjutant-General and aide-de-camp to the Queen. He served on Sir Redvers Buller's staff in the South African War, was Chief of Staff to the 1st Division under Lord Methuen, distinguished himself at Magersfontein, subsequently commanded the Ninth Brigade, and later a field column, and was specially mentioned and promoted Major-General. After the war he commanded the First Brigade at Aldershot, and subsequently the 2nd Division; he was the first Adjutant-General on the Army Council, and in 1909, giving up the post to Sir Ian Hamilton, went to Salisbury Plain to train troops. He then became Inspector-General of the Home Forces, but succeeded Sir John French on his resignation after the Army crisis of April, 1914. He was an exceptionally able organiser and administrator.
The Marchese di San Giuliano, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs since 1910, died at Rome, October 16, aged 61. Born at Catania, he became Mayor of the city in 1879, and Deputy in 1882; in 1892 he was Under-Secretary for Agriculture in the Giolitti Ministry, in 1899 Minister of Posts and Telegraphs in that of General Pelloux; in 1905-6 he was Foreign Minister in the Fortis Ministry, and from 1905 to 1910 Italian Ambassador in London. He was a convinced supporter of the Triple Alliance, and was nominally, at any rate, responsible for the policy of Italy at the Algeciras Conference and during the Turkish and Balkan Wars. He was a man of great talent and wide knowledge of foreign affairs.
Count Albert de Mun.—Adrien Albert Marie Count de Mun, the great lay champion of French Catholicism, died at Bordeaux on October 6, aged 73. He was the great-grandson of Helvetius, the eighteenth century philosopher, and served as a lieutenant in the 3rd Chasseurs at Metz in 1870. He was interned in Germany after the capitulation, and on his return was promoted captain and attached as ordnance officer to the Governor of Paris. He engaged in social work and founded Catholic clubs for workmen, and the War Minister, suspecting him of Monarchism, prepared to remove him to the provinces. He resigned from the Army, stood for Pontivy in 1876, had his election quashed, but was re-elected, and joined the Extreme Right, voting for the resolution of confidence in the Duc de Broglie's Government which succeeded that of M. Jules Simon on May 10, 1877. At the general election in October he was again returned for Pontivy, but his election was quashed in 1878, and he was defeated on standing again. While out of the Chamber he energetically opposed the Republican measures, especially in education, and in 1881 was again returned for Pontivy. His great aim was to form Catholic workmen's associations, and, when again returned in 1885, he founded the "Catholic Alliance" group in the Chambers, and in 1892 a Catholic League of the Sacred Heart, but when the Vatican ordered Catholics to rally to the Republic later in the year, he devoted himself exclusively to Church defence and social problems. He represented Morlaix from 1893 till his death, though an affection of the throat latterly had interfered with his speaking in public; but he served Catholicism by his pen. He was among the most eloquent of modern French orators, and became a member of the Academy in 1898. He was a fervent patriot, an earnest champion of the working classes, and above all a devout and militant Roman Catholic, and in spite of his militancy was profoundly respected by his opponents.