[122]. Wellhausen, The Pharisees and Sadducees, pp. 8, 26-43; Greifswald, 1874.
[123]. Jos. Antiq. xiii. 5. 9, xv. 10. 4, 5; Bell. Jud. ii. 8. 2, 14.
[124]. Keim, Jesus of Nazara, vol. i. p. 392.
[125]. Delitzsch, Jesus and Hillel, pp. 31 seq.; Pirké Abôth, Cambridge, 1877, passim.
[126]. Jos. Antiq. xvii. 4.
[127]. Philo, Quod omnis Probus Liber, p. 12.
[128]. Bühler, Ind. Ant. vol. vii. p. 143; Jacobi, “Mahâvira and his Predecessors,” Ind. Ant. vol. viii. pp. 311-314; Kern, History of Buddhism in India, vol. i. p. 143; Colebrooke’s Essays, vol. i. p. 380.
[129]. See “Jainism,” by Dr. Shoolbred—Report of the Missionary Conference, 1888, vol. i. p. 41; Wilson’s Essays, vol. i. p. 427 seq.
[130]. “Sramana,” in Brahman speech, was a man who performed hard penances, from sram, to work hard. There is another Sanscrit root, sam, to quiet, and from it afterwards the popular etymology derived the word. See Professor Max Müller’s translation of the Dhammapada in Sacred Books of the East, vol. x. p. 65 note.
[131]. There seems to have been four great divisions of Sramanas, with as many as sixty-three philosophical systems represented by them. The Brahmanas were also similarly divided. See Sutta Nipâta, Sacred Books of the East, vol. xi. Part ii. pp. 15, 16, 88, 93.