The Theory of Environment / An Outline of the History of the Idea of Milieu, and Its Present Status, part 1

by Armin Hajman Koller

[10]. Verdeutschungsbücher des Allgemeinen Deutschen Sprachvereins, III (Zweite Aufl., neu bearb. v. Edward Lohmeyer, Berlin, Verlag des Allgemeinen Deutschen Sprachvereins, 1915, 182 pp.), pp. 91 f.

[11]. Phénomènes de la vie (2^e éd., Paris, 1885), t. I, p. 112. See Waxweiler, l.c., p. 36.

[12]. Race Prejudice, transl. by Florence Wade-Evans (London, 1906), p. 130.

[13]. “The Services of Naturalism to Life and Literature. Reprinted, with Additions, from The Sewanee Review, October, 1903,” p. 2.

[14]. See Murray’s NED., vol. III, Part II, (1897), p. 231.

[15]. Wörterbuch d. d. Sprache (1811), Bd. 5, S. 113.

[16]. See the article by I. Stosch on “Umwelt-milieu,” Zeitschrift für Deutsche Wortforschung, g. v. Fr. Kluge, 7. Bd. (1905), pp. 58–9.

[17]. 2. Bd., 2. Hälfte (Leipzig: Otto Wigand, 1865), p. 1556^b.

[18]. A. Gombert cites the passage in question in his article “Umwelt,” Z. f. D. Wf., 7. Bd. (1905), pp. 150–52.

[19]. The Belgian sociologist De Greef, in his Introduction à la Sociologie (1886–89), raised “Mésologie” (denoting “Erkenntnis der milieux”) to a special introductory branch of sociology for the purpose of discussing, according to Ratzel superficially, the external factors of history; cf. Paul Barth, Die Philosophie der Geschichte als Soziologie, I (Leipzig: Reisland, 1897), p. 70 and Ratzel, l.c. p. 29. The term “Mésologie” was in use in France at an earlier date than that. See for example the title of an article written at the close of the Franco-German war by Dr. Bertillon, “De l´Influence du milieu ou Mésologie,” La Philosophie Positive, Revue dirigée par É. Littré & G. Wyrouboff, Tome IX (Paris, 1872), pp. 309–20. Or see M. E. Jourdy, “De l´Influence du milieu ou Mésologie,” ibid., Tome X (1873), pp. 154–60.